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Daniel M, Eleršič Filipič K, Filová E, Judl T, Fojt J. Modelling the role of membrane mechanics in cell adhesion on titanium oxide nanotubes. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:281-290. [PMID: 35380071 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2058875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium surface treated with titanium oxide nanotubes was used in many studies to quantify the effect of surface topography on cell fate. However, the predicted optimal diameter of nanotubes considerably differs among studies. We propose a model that explains cell adhesion to a nanostructured surface by considering the deformation energy of cell protrusions into titanium nanotubes and the adhesion to the surface. The optimal surface topology is defined as a geometry that gives the membrane a minimum energy shape. A dimensionless parameter, the cell interaction index, was proposed to describe the interplay between the cell membrane bending, the intrinsic curvature, and the strength of cell adhesion. Model simulation shows that an optimal nanotube diameter ranging from 20 nm to 100 nm (cell interaction index between 0.2 and 1, respectively) is feasible within a certain range of parameters describing cell membrane adhesion and bending. The results indicate a possibility to tune the topology of a nanostructural surface in order to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of cells mechanically compatible with the given surface geometry while suppressing the growth of other mechanically incompatible cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Daniel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Eva Filová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jaroslav Fojt
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
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2
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Dubey N, Ellepola K, Decroix FED, Morin JLP, Castro Neto AH, Seneviratne CJ, Rosa V. Graphene onto medical grade titanium: an atom-thick multimodal coating that promotes osteoblast maturation and inhibits biofilm formation from distinct species. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:274-289. [PMID: 29409364 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1434911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The time needed for the osseointegration of titanium implants is deemed too long. Moreover, the bacterial colonization of their surfaces is a major cause of failure. Graphene can overcome these issues but its wet transfer onto substrates employs hazardous chemicals limiting the clinical applications. Alternatively, dry transfer technique has been developed, but the biological properties of this technique remain unexplored. Here, a dry transfer technique based on a hot-pressing method allowed to coat titanium substrates with high-quality graphene and coverage area >90% with a single transfer. The graphene-coated titanium is cytocompatible, did not induce cell membrane damage, induced human osteoblast maturation (gene and protein level), and increased the deposition of mineralized matrix compared to titanium alone. Moreover, graphene decreased the formation of biofilms from Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and even from whole saliva on titanium without killing the bacteria. These findings confirm that coating of titanium with graphene via a dry transfer technique is a promising strategy to improve osseointegration and prevent biofilm formation on implants and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileshkumar Dubey
- a Faculty of Dentistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Kassapa Ellepola
- a Faculty of Dentistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Fanny E D Decroix
- b Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Julien L P Morin
- b Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - A H Castro Neto
- b Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | | | - Vinicius Rosa
- a Faculty of Dentistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore.,b Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
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3
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Alves SA, Ribeiro AR, Gemini-Piperni S, Silva RC, Saraiva AM, Leite PE, Perez G, Oliveira SM, Araujo JR, Archanjo BS, Rodrigues ME, Henriques M, Celis JP, Shokuhfar T, Borojevic R, Granjeiro JM, Rocha LA. TiO2nanotubes enriched with calcium, phosphorous and zinc: promising bio-selective functional surfaces for osseointegrated titanium implants. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TiO2nanotubes enriched with Ca, P, and Zn by reverse polarization anodization, are promising bio-selective functional structures for osseointegrated titanium implants.
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Imani R, Pazoki M, Zupančič D, Kreft ME, Kralj-Iglič V, Veranič P, Iglič A. Biocompatibility of different nanostructured TiO 2 scaffolds and their potential for urologic applications. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1439-1447. [PMID: 26497540 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite great efforts in tissue engineering of the ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra, further research is needed in order to improve the patient's quality of life and minimize the economic burden of different lower urinary tract disorders. The nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) scaffolds have a wide range of clinical applications and are already widely used in orthopedic or dental medicine. The current study was conducted to synthesize TiO2 nanotubes by the anodization method and TiO2 nanowires and nanospheres by the chemical vapor deposition method. These scaffolds were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. In order to test the urologic applicability of generated TiO2 scaffolds, we seeded the normal porcine urothelial (NPU) cells on TiO2 nanotubes, TiO2 nanowires, TiO2 nanospheres, and on the standard porous membrane. The viability and growth of the cells were monitored everyday, and after 3 weeks of culturing, the analysis with scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed. Our results showed that the NPU cells were attached on all scaffolds; they were viable and formed a multilayered epithelium, i.e., urothelium. The apical plasma membrane of the majority of superficial NPU cells, grown on all three different TiO2 scaffolds and on the porous membrane, exhibited microvilli; thus, indicating that they were at a similar differentiation stage. The maximal caliper diameter measurements of superficial NPU cells revealed significant alterations, with the largest cells being observed on nanowires and the smallest ones on the porous membrane. Our findings indicate that different nanostructured TiO2 scaffolds, especially nanowires, have a great potential for tissue engineering and should be further investigated for various urologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Imani
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Meysam Pazoki
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Yu Y, Skočaj M, Kreft ME, Resnik N, Veranič P, Franceschi P, Sepčić K, Guella G. Comparative lipidomic study of urothelial cancer models: association with urothelial cancer cell invasiveness. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:3266-3279. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00477f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A joint NMR/LC-MS approach allows to establish significant differences in the lipidoma of invasive urothelial carcinoma cells (T24) with respect to noninvasive urothelial cells (RT4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Matej Skočaj
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Biostatistics and Data Management
- Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach
- S. Michele all'Adige
- Italy
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology
- Biotechnical Faculty
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- Trento
- Italy
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Imani R, Veranič P, Iglič A, Kreft ME, Pazoki M, Hudoklin S. Combined cytotoxic effect of UV-irradiation and TiO2 microbeads in normal urothelial cells, low-grade and high-grade urothelial cancer cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:583-90. [PMID: 25385056 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of urothelial cells results in normal terminally differentiated cells or by alternative pathways in low-grade or high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Treatments with traditional surgical and chemotherapeutical approaches are still inadequate and expensive, as bladder tumours are generally highly recurrent. In such situations, alternative approaches, using irradiation of the cells and nanoparticles, are promising. The ways in which urothelial cells, at different differentiation levels, respond to UV-irradiation (photolytic treatment) or to the combination of UV-irradiation and nanoparticles (photocatalytic treatment), are unknown. Here we tested cytotoxicity of UV-irradiation on (i) normal porcine urothelial cells (NPU), (ii) human low-grade urothelial cancer cells (RT4), and (iii) human high-grade urothelial cancer cells (T24). The results have shown that 1 minute of UV-irradiation is enough to kill 90% of the cells in NPU and RT4 cultures, as determined by the live/dead viability assay. On the other hand, the majority of T24 cells survived 1 minute of UV-irradiation. Moreover, even a prolonged UV-irradiation for 30 minutes killed <50% of T24 cells. When T24 cells were pre-supplemented with mesoporous TiO2 microbeads and then UV-irradiated, the viability of these high-grade urothelial cancer cells was reduced to <10%, which points to the highly efficient cytotoxic effects of TiO2 photocatalysis. Using electron microscopy, we confirmed that the mesoporous TiO2 microbeads were internalized into T24 cells, and that the cell's ultrastructure was heavily compromised after UV-irradiation. In conclusion, our results show major differences in the sensitivity to UV-irradiation among the urothelial cells with respect to cell differentiation. To achieve an increased cytotoxicity of urothelial cancer cells, the photocatalytic approach is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Imani
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Imani R, Drašler B, Kononenko V, Romih T, Eleršič K, Jelenc J, Junkar I, Remškar M, Drobne D, Kralj-Iglič V, Iglič A. Growth of a Novel Nanostructured ZnO Urchin: Control of Cytotoxicity and Dissolution of the ZnO Urchin. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:441. [PMID: 26573932 PMCID: PMC4646880 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) in implantable wireless devices, such as diagnostic nanobiosensors and nanobiogenerators, have recently attracted enormous attention due to their unique properties. However, for these implantable nanodevices, the biocompatibility and the ability to control the behaviour of cells in contact with ZnO NWs are demanded for the success of these implantable devices, but to date, only a few contrasting results from their biocompatibility can be found. There is a need for more research about the biocompatibility of ZnO nanostructures and the adhesion and viability of cells on the surface of ZnO nanostructures. Here, we introduce synthesis of a new nature-inspired nanostructured ZnO urchin, with the dimensions of the ZnO urchin's acicula being controllable. To examine the biocompatibility and behaviour of cells in contact with the ZnO urchin, the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line was chosen as an in vitro experimental model. The results of the viability assay indicated that, compared to control, the number of viable cells attached to the surface of the ZnO urchin and its surrounding area were reduced. The measurements of the Zn contents of cell media confirmed ZnO dissolution, which suggests that the ZnO dissolution in cell culture medium could lead to cytotoxicity. A purposeful reduction of ZnO cytotoxicity was achieved by surface coating of the ZnO urchin with poly(vinylidene fluorid-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), which changed the material matrix to slow the Zn ion release and consequently reduce the cytotoxicity of the ZnO urchin without reducing its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Imani
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Drašler
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Veno Kononenko
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tea Romih
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Kristina Eleršič
- Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Jelenc
- Solid State Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ita Junkar
- Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Remškar
- Solid State Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
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Canetta E, Riches A, Borger E, Herrington S, Dholakia K, Adya AK. Discrimination of bladder cancer cells from normal urothelial cells with high specificity and sensitivity: combined application of atomic force microscopy and modulated Raman spectroscopy. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2043-55. [PMID: 24406196 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and modulated Raman spectroscopy (MRS) were used to discriminate between living normal human urothelial cells (SV-HUC-1) and bladder tumour cells (MGH-U1) with high specificity and sensitivity. MGH-U1 cells were 1.5-fold smaller, 1.7-fold thicker and 1.4-fold rougher than normal SV-HUC-1 cells. The adhesion energy was 2.6-fold higher in the MGH-U1 cells compared to normal SV-HUC-1 cells, which possibly indicates that bladder tumour cells are more deformable than normal cells. The elastic modulus of MGH-U1 cells was 12-fold lower than SV-HUC-1 cells, suggesting a higher elasticity of the bladder cancer cell membranes. The biochemical fingerprints of cancer cells displayed a higher DNA and lipid content, probably due to an increase in the nuclear to cytoplasm ratio. Normal cells were characterized by higher protein contents. AFM studies revealed a decrease in the lateral dimensions and an increase in thickness of cancer cells compared to normal cells; these studies authenticate the observations from MRS. Nanostructural, nanomechanical and biochemical profiles of bladder cells provide qualitative and quantitative markers to differentiate between normal and cancerous cells at the single cellular level. AFM and MRS allow discrimination between adhesion energy, elasticity and Raman spectra of SV-HUC-1 and MGH-U1 cells with high specificity (83, 98 and 95%) and sensitivity (97, 93 and 98%). Such single-cell-level studies could have a pivotal impact on the development of AFM-Raman combined methodologies for cancer profiling and screening with translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Canetta
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Andrew Riches
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Eva Borger
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Simon Herrington
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Ashok K Adya
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK.
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Andjus P. Regional Biophysics Conference 2012: an anniversary and a milestone for applications of biophysics in medicine. Croat Med J 2013; 53:515-7. [PMID: 23275316 PMCID: PMC3541577 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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