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Pourabadeh AH, Madani SA, Dorostkar R, Rezaeian M, Esmaeili H, Bolandian M, Salavati A, Hashemian SMM, Aghahasani A. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of in-feed bacteriophage cocktail application to control Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis infection in broiler chicks. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:174-181. [PMID: 38206101 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2304628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Bacteriophage (BP) cocktail was partially resistant to different temperatures and pH values.The BP cocktail showed lytic effects on different Salmonella isolates.The BP cocktail reduced Salmonella colonization in the internal organs of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Pourabadeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Madani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaeian
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bolandian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salavati
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Aghahasani
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cossi MVC, Polveiro RC, Yamatogi RS, Camargo AC, Nero LA. Multi-locus sequence typing, antimicrobials resistance and virulence profiles of Salmonella enterica isolated from bovine carcasses in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1773-1781. [PMID: 38702536 PMCID: PMC11153481 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles and determine the sequence type (ST) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Salmonella enterica isolates from bovine carcasses from slaughterhouse located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and its relationship with bovine isolates obtained on the American continent based on sequence type profile. The MLST results were compared with all Salmonella STs associated with cattle on American continent, and a multi-locus sequence tree (MS tree) was built. Among the 17 S. enterica isolates, five ST profiles identified, and ST10 were the most frequent, grouping seven (41.2%) isolates. The isolates presented 11 different profiles of virulence genes, and six different antibiotics resistance profiles. The survey on Enterobase platform showed 333 Salmonella STs from American continent, grouped into four different clusters. Most of the isolates in the present study (13/17), were concentrated in a single cluster (L4) composed by 74 STs. As a conclusion, five different STs were identified, with ST10 being the most common. The isolates showed great diversity of virulence genes and antibiotics resistance profiles. Most of the isolates of this study were grouped into a single cluster composed by 74 STs formed by bovine isolates obtained on the American continent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Costa Polveiro
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Camargo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
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Tisalema-Guanopatín E, Cabezas-Mera F, Nolivos-Rodríguez K, Fierro I, Pazmiño L, Garzon-Chavez D, Debut A, Vizuete K, Reyes JA. New Bacteriophages Members of the Ackermannviridae Family Specific for Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2023; 4:99-107. [PMID: 37350993 PMCID: PMC10282792 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly isolates classified as sequence-type 258 (ST258), are multidrug-resistant strains that are strongly associated with poor-prognosis nosocomial infections, as current therapeutic options are limited and ineffective. In recent years, phage therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for these scenarios. Methodology and Results We report the isolation and characterization of three new phages against Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 strains recovered from Machángara river wastewater. These new members of the Ackermannviridae family showed stability over a wide temperature and pH range and burst sizes ranging from 6 to 44 plaque-forming units per bacteria. Their genomes were about 157 kilobases, with an average guanine-cytosine content of 46.4% and showed presence of several transfer RNAs, which also allowed us to predict in silico a lytic replicative cycle due to the presence of endolysins and lysozymes. Conclusion Three lytic phages of Ackermannviridae family were recovered against Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 strains from sewage; however, further characterization is needed for future consideration as therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Tisalema-Guanopatín
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fausto Cabezas-Mera
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karla Nolivos-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Isabel Fierro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Lourdes Pazmiño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Garzon-Chavez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Debut
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CENCINAT), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Karla Vizuete
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CENCINAT), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Aníbal Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital del IESS Quito Sur, Avenida Moraspungo, Quito, Ecuador
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Antibiofilm activity of a lytic Salmonella phage on different Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from broiler farms. Int Microbiol 2022; 26:205-217. [PMID: 36334144 PMCID: PMC10148789 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBacteriophages have been mainly used in treating infections caused by planktonic bacterial cells in the veterinary sector. However, their applications as antibiofilm agents have received little attention. Accordingly, a previously isolated Salmonella infecting Siphoviridae phage was investigated for host range against 15 Salmonella enterica isolates (S. Cape, S. Gallinarum, 4 S. Enteritidis, 3 S. Montevideo, S. Uno, S. Oritamerin, S. Belgdam, S. Agona, S. Daula, and S. Aba) recovered from the litters of commercial broiler farms. All S. enterica isolates were examined for their biofilm activity using a microtiter plate assay and for adrA, csgD, and gcpA genes using conventional PCR. The phage efficacy against established biofilms produced by the selected seven S. enterica isolates (S. Gallinarum, S. Enteritidis, S. Montevideo, S. Uno, S. Oritamerin, S. Belgdam, and S. Agona) was assessed using microtiter plate assay and reverse transcriptase real-time PCR over different incubation times of 5 and 24 h. All S. enterica isolates were strong biofilm formers. Moreover, the phage effectively reduced the biofilm activity of the established S. enterica biofilms in the microtiter plate assay using the independent sample t-test (P < 0.050). Furthermore, the relative expression levels of csgD, gcpA, and adrA genes in the biofilm cells of S. enterica isolate after phage treatment were significantly up-regulated to variable degrees using the independent sample t-test (P < 0.050). In conclusion, the present study revealed the potential use of Salmonella phage in reducing established biofilms produced by S. enterica serovars isolated from broiler farms.
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Cao S, Yang W, Zhu X, Liu C, Lu J, Si Z, Pei L, Zhang L, Hu W, Li Y, Wang Z, Pang Z, Xue X, Li Y. Isolation and identification of the broad-spectrum high-efficiency phage vB_SalP_LDW16 and its therapeutic application in chickens. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:386. [PMID: 36329508 PMCID: PMC9632116 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella infection in livestock and poultry causes salmonellosis, and is mainly treated using antibiotics. However, the misuse use of antibiotics often triggers the emergence of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella strains. Currently, Salmonella phages is safe and effective against Salmonella, serving as the best drug of choice. This study involved 16 Salmonella bacteriophages separated and purified from the sewage and the feces of the broiler farm. A phage, vB_SalP_LDW16, was selected based on the phage host range test. The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was characterized by the double-layer plate method and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the clinical therapeutic effect of phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was verified by using the pathogenic Salmonella Enteritidis in the SPF chicken model. Results The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 with a wide host range was identified to the family Siphoviridae and the order Caudoviridae, possess a double-stranded DNA and can lyse 88% (22/25) of Salmonella strains stored in the laboratory. Analysis of the biological characteristics, in addition, revealed the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of vB_SalP_LDW16 to be 0.01 and the phage titer to be up to 3 × 1014 PFU/mL. Meanwhile, the phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was found to have some temperature tolerance, while the titer decreases rapidly above 60 ℃, and a wide pH (i.e., 5–12) range as well as relative stability in pH tolerance. The latent period of phage was 10 min, the burst period was 60 min, and the burst size was 110 PFU/cell. Furthermore, gastric juice was also found to highly influence the activity of the phage. The clinical treatment experiments showed that phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in the blood through phage treatment, thereby improving the pathological changes in the intestinal, liver, and heart damage, and promoting the growth and development of the chicken. Conclusions The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 is a highly lytic phage with a wide host range, which can be potentially used for preventing and treating chicken salmonellosis, as an alternative or complementary antibiotic treatment in livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Cao
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xihui Zhu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Cheng Liu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Jianbiao Lu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zhenshu Si
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Lanying Pei
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Wensi Hu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Yanlan Li
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zheyu Pang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xijuan Xue
- Shandong Sinder Technology Co., Ltd., Sinder Industrial Park, Shungeng Road, Zhucheng Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong 262200 China
| | - Yubao Li
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
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Occurrence of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in Clinical Settings and Lytic Potential of Bacteriophages Against the Isolates. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.120027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a major health hazard around the globe. Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae (hvKp) is associated with hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. Since there is a lack of new antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, phage therapy might provide an alternative approach to confer antibiotic resistance. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of hvKp and characterize the bacteriophage against the hvKp prevalence in clinical settings, which might be used as an alternative to antibiotics. Methods: Different clinical samples (n = 50) were collected to isolate K. pneumoniae, and the assessment of multidrug resistance was carried out based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (2020). The bacteriophage was isolated from hospital waste, and the double agar overlay method was used for phage purification and propagation. Spot test and one-step curve were performed to determine host-phage interactions. For the evaluation of phage stability in environmental conditions, the phage was incubated at various ranges of temperature, pH, and chloroform. Results: Out of the collected samples, 22 (44%) isolates were confirmed as K. pneumoniae. Among confirmed K. pneumoniae isolates, a total of 11 (50%) isolates were detected as hvKp. Moreover, 14 (64%) isolates were detected as MDR, out of which 5 (35%) isolates were among hvKp phenotypes. Maximum resistance was observed against ampicillin (86%) followed by ceftriaxone (81%) which was the highest among cephalosporins. The isolated bacteriophage showed a broad host range, short latent period, and stability. Overall, 16 isolates (85%) of K. pneumoniae were susceptible to phage infection, among which 12 isolates were MDR (75%); however, all 5 (100%) hvKp isolates were susceptible to phage infection. One-step growth analysis revealed a burst size of 190 phages/host bacterial cells with a short latent period of 24 minutes. Conclusions: Altogether, the significant prevalence of hvKp was estimated in clinical settings, and the isolated bacteriophage showed significant lytic activity as it killed all the hvKp strains. Phage therapy might be exploited and used as a potential alternative therapeutic approach against infections caused by this resistant pathogen.
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Eid S, Tolba HM, Hamed RI, Al-Atfeehy NM. Bacteriophage therapy as an alternative biocontrol against emerging multidrug resistant E. coli in broilers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3380-3389. [PMID: 35844393 PMCID: PMC9280247 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is considered a severe issue to both poultry business and health of the general public. In that context, 50 samples from 250 diseased broiler chickens in 10 chicken farms were employed to Escherichia coli isolation. Microbiological techniques were employed to detect isolates of E. coli from 250 diseased broiler chickens which were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility profiles against 11 antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion technique as well as their biofilm forming capacity were detected. In addition to, study the isolation and purification of phages based on spot technique to verify that lytic phages are present in E. coli isolates and plaque assay for titration of bacteriophages. In the present research, we also looked at the ability of bacteriophages to inhibit and dissolve previously formed biofilms by E. coli O78 isolate. Moreover, experimental testing of E. coli O78 bacteriophages for colibacillosis prevention and control in one day old broiler chicks were done. The obtained results showed that twenty-six E. coli isolates out of 50 examined samples were isolated (10.4%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O121:H7, O146:H2, O124, O113:H4, O112:H2, O1:H7, O55:H7, O2:H6, O91:H21, O26:H11. Antibiogram results demonstrated the resistance of E. coli isolates with high percentage 100% were against, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Tetracycline. Biofilm quantification analysis showed that 24/26 (92.3%) isolates were considered biofilm producer isolates. The characterization and the lytic activity of bacteriophage were performed based on Transmission electron microscopy and showed the greatest lytic activity against the evaluated host strains with effective activity at concentration of 107 at 24 h and strong significant reduction of the established E. coli O 78 biofilm within 12 h. The result of experimental infection showed that the performance indicators of phage in treated and challenged group showed high significant increase in body weight, weight gain and improved FCR than infected –antibiotic treated and infected bacteriophage and antibiotic treated. Total viable cell counts of E. coli in the lungs of birds revealed that there is highly significant difference between the six groups count results. We concluded that phage therapy found to be an attractive option to prevent and control multidrug resistant colibacillosis in broilers.
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Uddin MB, Alam MN, Hasan M, Hossain SMB, Debnath M, Begum R, Samad MA, Hoque SF, Chowdhury MSR, Rahman MM, Hossain MM, Hassan MM, Lundkvist Å, Järhult JD, El Zowalaty ME, Ahmed SSU. Molecular Detection of Colistin Resistance mcr-1 Gene in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010097. [PMID: 35052973 PMCID: PMC8772701 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (hereafter, E. coli) is a global public health threat which can lead to detrimental effects on human health. Here, we aim to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and the presence of mcr-1 gene in E. coli isolated from chicken feces. Ninety-four E. coli isolates were obtained from samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh, and the isolates were identified using conventional microbiological tests. Phenotypic disk diffusion tests using 20 antimicrobial agents were performed according to CLSI-EUCAST guidelines, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for a subset of samples. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to colistin (88.30%), ciprofloxacin (77.66%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (76.60%), tigecycline (75.53%), and enrofloxacin (71.28%). Additionally, the pathotype eaeA gene was confirmed in ten randomly selected E. coli isolates using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of mcr-1 gene was confirmed using PCR and sequencing analysis in six out of ten E. coli isolates. Furthermore, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed a similarity between the catalytic domain of Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide phosphoethanolamine transferase A (LptA) and MCR proteins, indicating that the six tested isolates were colistin resistant. Finally, the findings of the present study showed that E. coli isolated from chicken harbored mcr-1 gene, and multidrug and colistin resistance. These findings accentuate the need to implement strict measures to limit the imprudent use of antibiotics, particularly colistin, in agriculture and poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Bashir Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.U.); (M.E.E.Z.); (S.S.U.A.)
| | - Mohammad Nurul Alam
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (S.F.H.)
| | - S. M. Bayejed Hossain
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mita Debnath
- Kazi Farms Poultry Laboratory, Gazipur 1700, Bangladesh;
| | - Ruhena Begum
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar 1341, Bangladesh; (R.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mohammed A. Samad
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar 1341, Bangladesh; (R.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Syeda Farjana Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (S.F.H.)
| | - Md. Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Md. Mahfujur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Md. Mukter Hossain
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh;
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, SE 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Josef D. Järhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, SE 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, SE 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (M.B.U.); (M.E.E.Z.); (S.S.U.A.)
| | - Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.B.U.); (M.E.E.Z.); (S.S.U.A.)
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Ilyas SZ, Tariq H, Basit A, Tahir H, Haider Z, Rehman SU. SGP-C: A Broad Host Range Temperate Bacteriophage; Against Salmonella gallinarum. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:768931. [PMID: 35095790 PMCID: PMC8790156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.768931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella gallinarum is a poultry restricted-pathogen causing fowl-typhoid disease in adult birds with mortality rates up-to 80% and exhibit resistance against commonly used antibiotics. In this current study, a temperate broad host range bacteriophage SGP-C was isolated against S. gallinarum from poultry digesta. It showed infection ability in all the 15 tested field strains of S. gallinarum. The SGP-C phage produced circular, turbid plaques with alternate rings. Its optimum activity was observed at pH 7.0 and 37-42°C, with a latent period of 45 min and burst size of 187 virions/bacterial cell. The SGP-C lysogens, SGPC-L5 and SGPC-L6 exhibited super-infection immunity against the same phage, an already reported feature of lysogens. A virulence index of 0.5 and 0.001 as MV50 of SGP-C suggests its moderate virulence. The genome of SGP-C found circular double stranded DNA of 42 Kbp with 50.04% GC content, which encodes 63 ORFs. The presence of repressor gene at ORF49, and absence of tRNA sequence in SGP-C genome indicates its lysogenic nature. Furthermore, from NGS analysis of lysogens we propose that SGP-C genome might exist either as an episome, or both as integrated and temporary episome in the host cell and warrants further studies. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its similarity with Salmonella temperate phages belonging to family Siphoviridae. The encoded proteins by SGP-C genome have not showed homology with any known toxin and virulence factor. Although plenty of lytic bacteriophages against this pathogen are already reported, to our knowledge SGP-C is the first lysogenic phage against S. gallinarum reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shafiq ur Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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10
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Application of a novel phage vB_SalS-LPSTLL for the biological control of Salmonella in foods. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110492. [PMID: 34399488 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens around the world. Phages are envisioned as a new strategy to control foodborne pathogenic bacteria and food safety. A Salmonella specific lytic phage vB_SalS-LPSTLL (LPSTLL) was selected for food applications on the basis of lytic range, lytic efficiency, functional stability and characteristics. Phage LPSTLL was able to lyse 11 Salmonella serotypes, which represents the broadest range reported Salmonella phages, and was able to suppress the growth of Salmonella enterica in liquid culture over nine hours. LPSTLL exhibited rapid reproductive activity with a short latent period and a large burst size in one-step growth experiment. LPSTLL remained active over a pH range of 3.0 to 12.0, and at incubation temperatures up to 60 °C for 60 min, indicating wide applicability for food processing and storage. Significant reductions of viable Salmonella were observed in diverse foods (milk, apple juice, chicken and lettuce) with reductions up to 2.8 log CFU/mL recorded for milk. Sensory evaluation indicated that treatment with phage LPSTLL did not alter the visual or tactile quality of food matrices. Genome analysis of LPSTLL indicated the absence of any virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes. Genomic comparisons suggest phage LPSTLL constitutes a novel member of a new genus, the LPSTLLvirus with the potential for Salmonella biocontrol in the food industry.
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11
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Sorour HK, Gaber AF, Hosny RA. Evaluation of the efficiency of using Salmonella Kentucky and Escherichia coli O119 bacteriophages in the treatment and prevention of salmonellosis and colibacillosis in broiler chickens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:345-350. [PMID: 32628287 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phage therapy is considered an alternative modality in the treatment of different bacterial diseases. However, their therapeutic and preventive roles against infections caused by Salmonella Kentucky and Escherichia coli O119 were of little attention. In this study, two phages were isolated, characterized and assessed for their potential therapeutic and preventive roles against S. Kentucky and E. coli O119 infections in broilers. Commercial 1-day-old arboacres broiler chicks were assigned to seven groups: Group Ӏ was as a negative control, groups (П and Ш) were assigned as positive controls by the challenge of S. Kentucky and E. coli O119, respectively. The remaining four groups (IV, V, VI and VII) were administrated with five repeated phage doses to determine the effect of multiple doses. Phages were administrated in groups (IV and VI) after challenging with S. Kentucky and E. coli O119, respectively to assess their therapeutic role; moreover, their preventive role was evaluated through administration in groups (V and VII) before challenging with S. Kentucky and E. coli O119, respectively. Sampling was done from different organs at three time points and revealed that phage-treated groups had lower colony forming units of S. Kentucky and E. coli. Our results suggest that bacteriophages are efficient in the treatment and prevention of salmonellosis and colibacillosis in broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - A F Gaber
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - R A Hosny
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Dallal MMS, Nikkhahi F, Alimohammadi M, Douraghi M, Rajabi Z, Foroushani AR, Azimi A, Fardsanei F. Phage Therapy as an Approach to Control Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis Infection in Mice. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190290. [PMID: 31778422 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0290-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a cause of food-borne human illness. Given the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis and the lack of antibiotic efficacy in future years, its replacement with other agents is necessary. One of the most useful agents is bacteriophages. METHODS S. Enteritidis was identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. The effective bacteriophages were isolated from hospital wastewater samples. The effects of the bacteriophages were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The phage SE20 belonged to the Podoviridae family, and the genome size was 40 kb. The evaluation of phage SE20 at variable pH ranges showed its susceptibility to pH < 3 and pH > 12. The animal model showed that mice infected with S. Enteritidis developed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, but did not experience gastrointestinal complications after receiving the bacteriophages. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that phage SE20 is a promising candidate for controlling salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Division of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Alimohammadi
- Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Division of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rajabi
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Azimi
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Division of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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13
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Nabil NM, Tawakol MM, Hassan HM. Assessing the impact of bacteriophages in the treatment of Salmonella in broiler chickens. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2018; 8:1539056. [PMID: 30397428 PMCID: PMC6211228 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1539056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the main bacterial infections affecting commercial poultry, causing losses to poultry production, and posing a public health concern. Samples from internal organs (liver, cecum and spleen) of one hundred diseased broiler chickens were collected and subjected to Salmonella isolation, identification and serotyping. S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis were selected from the isolated Salmonella to prepare bacteriophages from sewage water taken at broiler farms. An experimental infection of one day old specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks followed by treatment with the prepared bacteriophages isolated from both Salmonella was performed. Caecal samples from infected chicks were subjected at intervals to bacteriophage isolation and Salmonella quantitation. The effectiveness of bacteriophage treatments on Salmonella colonization in cecum of infected chicks increased after five successive doses. At 3 day post infection (dpi), cecal contents showed a marginal decrease in Salmonella loads with more reduction at 5 dpi. From 7 dpi to the end of the experiment at 15 dpi, all the chicks were cleared for both Salmonella. The findings of this study demonstrate that bacteriophage treatment is efficacious in reducing S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens within a short period and could be used as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M Nabil
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality control on Poultry production, Animal health research institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maram M Tawakol
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality control on Poultry production, Animal health research institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality control on Poultry production, Animal health research institute, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Parvej MS, Nazir KHMNH, Rahman MB, Jahan M, Khan MFR, Rahman M. Prevalence and characterization of multi-drug resistant Salmonella Enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum and Gallinarum from chicken. Vet World 2016; 9:65-70. [PMID: 27051187 PMCID: PMC4819353 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.65-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen responsible for animal and human diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and stereotyping of Salmonella isolates isolated from apparently healthy poultry. Furthermore, the clonal relatedness among the isolated Salmonella serovars was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 cloacal swab samples from apparently healthy chickens were collected, and were subjected for the isolation and identification of associated Salmonella organisms. The isolated colonies were identified and characterized on the basis of morphology, cultural characters, biochemical tests, slide agglutination test, polymerase chain reaction, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were also investigated using commonly used antibiotics. RESULTS Of the 150 samples, 11 (7.33%) produced characteristics pink colony with black center on XLD agar medium, and all were culturally and biochemically confirmed to be Salmonella. All possessed serovar-specific gene SpeF and reacted uniformly with group D antisera, suggesting that all of the isolates were Salmonella Enterica serovar Gallinarum, biovar Pullorum and/or Gallinarum. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 54.54% of the isolated Salmonella Enterica serovars were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, whereas the 81.81% isolates were resistant to amoxycillin, doxycycline, kanamycin, gentamycin, and tetracycline. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the XbaI-digested genomic DNA exhibited identical banding patterns, suggesting that the multidrug resistant Salmonella Enterica serovars occurring in commercial layers are highly clonal in Bangladesh. CONCLUSION The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of poultry Salmonella in layer chicken and to find out the clonal relationship among them. The data in this study suggest the prevalence of Salmonella Enterica, which is multidrug resistant and highly clonal for commercial layers of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shafiullah Parvej
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - M. Bahanur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mueena Jahan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Marzia Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
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