Isolation and Characterization of Enterobacteria Associated with Health and Disease in Sonali Chickens

A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from poultry in Uganda

There are increasing reports of antimicrobial treatment failures for bacterial diseases of poultry in Uganda. The paucity of data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogenic bacteria in Uganda is a major setback to AMR control. This study investigated the occurrence of fowl typhoid, colibacillosis, and AMR in associated pathogens from 2012 to 2018. Laboratory records from the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), a National Veterinary Diagnostic Facility located at Makerere University, were reviewed. Archived isolates of the causative bacteria for the two diseases were also evaluated for AMR. The frequencies of the two disease conditions, their clinical and necropsy presentations and the demographic data of the diagnostic samples were summarized from the records. Archived bacterial isolates were revived before antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This was done on Mueller Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method, against 16 antimicrobials of medical and veterinary importance according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. A total of 697 poultry cases were presented for bacteriological investigations in the review period. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis had prevalence rates of 39.7% (277/697) and 16.2% (113/697), respectively. A total of 63 and 92 isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., respectively, were archived but 43 (68.3%) E. coli and 47 (51.1%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered and evaluated for AMR. Multidrug resistance was more frequent in E. coli (38; 88.4%) than salmonellae (25; 53.2%), (p < 0.001). The high prevalence of colibacillosis, salmonellosis and the AMR of associated pathogens warrants immediate institution of appropriate disease control measures.

Presença de Escherichia coli em fígados de frangos provenientes de matadouros avícolas

A contínua intensificação da produção no setor avícola propicia condições favoráveis à ocorrência e à disseminação de alguns patógenos, como a Escherichia coli, que pode provocar infecções graves nos animais e no homem. O objetivo com este trabalho foi verificar a correlação existente entre a inspeção visual do fígado e a presença de Escherichia coli em fígados de frangos provenientes de matadouros avícolas. Para tanto, foram colhidas 62 amostras de fígados de frango, das quais 30 com aspecto macroscópico inalterado e 32 com alteração macroscópica, que originou o descarte da carcaça pela inspeção da linha B. Escherichia coli foi isolada em 45,5% dos fígados coletados. A bactéria foi isolada em 18 amostras de fígados com aspecto macroscópico inalterado e nove amostras de fígados provenientes de carcaças que foram descartadas. A colangio-hepatite foi a alteração inflamatória predominante em 16/27 fígados e considerada multifocal em 15/16. Detectou-se a predominância de heterófilos e mononucleares (12/27). Os critérios de condenação das carcaças foram inadequados, haja vista a elevada presença de Escherichia coli nas amostras de fígados oriundos de carcaças consideradas próprias para o consumo humano, o que ressalta as diferenças encontradas nas análises microbiológicas e visuais. Diante dos resultados obtidos, torna-se necessária a continuidade dos estudos, especialmente quanto o potencial zoonótico da Escherichia coli e sua presença nos alimentos prontos para consumo.

Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis: a closer look at epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and public health concerns

Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis are considered to be the major bacterial diseases in the poultry industry world-wide. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis are the most common avian diseases that are communicable to humans. This article provides the vital information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and public health concerns of avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis. A better understanding of the information addressed in this review article will assist the poultry researchers and the poultry industry in continuing to make progress in reducing and eliminating avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis from the poultry flocks, thereby reducing potential hazards to the public health posed by these bacterial diseases.