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Canning M, Birhane MG, Dewey-Mattia D, Lawinger H, Cote A, Gieraltowski L, Schwensohn C, Tagg KA, Francois Watkins LK, Park Robyn M, Marshall KE. Salmonella Outbreaks Linked to Beef, United States, 2012-2019. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100071. [PMID: 37028195 PMCID: PMC10966622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified nontyphoidal Salmonella as one of the top five pathogens contributing to foodborne illnesses in the United States. Beef continues to be a common source of Salmonella outbreaks, despite the implementation of interventions at slaughter and processing facilities to reduce contamination of beef. We described Salmonella outbreaks linked to beef in the United States during 2012-2019, examined trends, and identified potential targets for intervention and prevention strategies. We queried CDC's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) for all foodborne nontyphoidal Salmonella outbreaks linked to beef as the single contaminated ingredient or implicated food, with the date of first illness onset from 2012 to 2019. Information on antimicrobial resistance (AR) for outbreak-related isolates was obtained from CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). We calculated the number of outbreaks, outbreak-related illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths overall, by beef processing category and Salmonella serotype. During 2012-2019, 27 Salmonella outbreaks were linked to beef consumption, resulting in 1103 illnesses, 254 hospitalizations, and two deaths. The most common category of beef implicated was nonintact raw, ground beef (12 outbreaks, 44%), followed by intact raw (six outbreaks, 22%). Ground beef was responsible for the most illnesses (800, 73%), both of the reported deaths, and was the source of the largest outbreak. AR data were available for 717 isolates from 25 (93%) outbreaks. Nine (36%) of these outbreaks had isolates resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested by NARMS, of which eight (89%) contained multidrug-resistant isolates. Several outbreaks reported highlight challenges faced during investigations, areas where further research may be warranted, and opportunities to prevent future outbreaks along the farm-to-fork continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Canning
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Meseret G Birhane
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Daniel Dewey-Mattia
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Hannah Lawinger
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Andrea Cote
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA
| | - Laura Gieraltowski
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Colin Schwensohn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Kaitlin A Tagg
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | - Misha Park Robyn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Katherine E Marshall
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Tadese BK, DeSantis SM, Mgbere O, Fujimoto K, Darkoh C. Clinical Outcomes Associated with Co-infection of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales and other Multidrug-Resistant Organisms. Infect Prev Pract 2022; 4:100255. [PMID: 36387607 PMCID: PMC9649373 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are associated with increased risk of death. Polymicrobial infections with antimicrobial-resistance may add to the burden of clinical care and patients' clinical prognosis. Aim To examine the impact of CRE co-infection with other multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) on patient clinical outcomes. Study Design A retrospective observational study was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes of CRE patients who were co-infected with carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Results A total of 224 CRPA and 209 MDRA co-infections with CRE were identified from 4,236 cases from 2015-2020. The overall 90-day all-cause mortality was 21.6% but increased to 35.0% and 33.5% among patients who were co-infected with CRPA and MDRA, respectively. The odds of all-cause mortality among CRE patients who were co-infected with CRPA was twice that of patients identified with CRE alone [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-3.46]. Further, the odds of all-cause mortality among CRE patients who were concomitantly identified with MRSA was more than twice that of patients who were not identified with MRSA [AOR = 2.16, 95%CI:1.31-3.56]. The clinical outcome of patients with CRE did not differ significantly depending on the presence of carbapenemase genes. Conclusion The results show that CRPA and CRE co-infections have synergistic effects on clinical outcomes. Further investigation is necessary to understand the mechanism. Screening high risk patients for concomitant antimicrobial-resistant infections may have a significant clinical impact, including effective therapies, antibiotic stewardship, and infection control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekana K. Tadese
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA,Fort Bend County Health and Human Services, Texas, USA
| | - Stacia M. DeSantis
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Osaro Mgbere
- Disease Prevention and Control Division, Houston Health Department, Houston, TX, USA,Institute of Community Health, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Darkoh
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, Houston, TX, USA,Corresponding author. Charles Darkoh, Ph.D., 1200 Pressler Street, RAS E715, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Masterson K, Meade E, Garvey M, Lynch M, Major I, Rowan NJ. Development of a low-temperature extrusion process for production of GRAS bioactive-polymer loaded compounds for targeting antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. Sci Total Environ 2021; 800:149545. [PMID: 34399333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognised globally as one of the greatest threats to human and animal health; thus, discovery of alternative antibacterial agents to address AMR is a priority challenge. This study constitutes the first report of a low-melting temperature, polymer- extrusion process for the smart delivery of thermally-sensitive antimicrobial bioactives, including generally-regarded-as-safe (GRAS) bioactives derived from various sources. Bioactives were assessed before and after extrusion by determining their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). WHO-priority AMR-bacterial isolates causing zoonotic infections were evaluated along with use of standard ATCC strains. Findings revealed that this copolymer method was capable of delivering thermally-sensitive bioactives with varying degrees of growth inhibition against the AMR-bacterial strains. The extrusion process was found to increase the effect of nisin against MRSA (4-fold increase) and L. monocytogenes (6.4-fold increase), silver nitrate (AgNO3) against E. coli (3.6-fold increase) and S. epidermidis (1.25-fold increase), and chitosan against S. aureus (1.25-fold). Findings show the potential applicability of this polymer extrusion process for developing future bioactive-loaded polymer compounds; thus, highlighting the potential of converging bio-based industry with novel materials for enabling 'One-Health' solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Masterson
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland.
| | - Elaine Meade
- Department of Life Science, Sligo Institute of Technology, Ash Lane, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Sligo Institute of Technology, Ash Lane, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Mark Lynch
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - Neil J Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland; Centre for Disinfection, Sterilization and Biosecurity, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland
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Kakooza S, Muwonge A, Nabatta E, Eneku W, Ndoboli D, Wampande E, Munyiirwa D, Kayaga E, Tumwebaze MA, Afayoa M, Ssajjakambwe P, Tayebwa DS, Tsuchida S, Okubo T, Ushida K, Sakurai K, Mutebi F. A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from poultry in Uganda. Int J Vet Sci Med 2021; 9:11-21. [PMID: 34104644 PMCID: PMC8158283 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2021.1926056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There are increasing reports of antimicrobial treatment failures for bacterial diseases of poultry in Uganda. The paucity of data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogenic bacteria in Uganda is a major setback to AMR control. This study investigated the occurrence of fowl typhoid, colibacillosis, and AMR in associated pathogens from 2012 to 2018. Laboratory records from the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), a National Veterinary Diagnostic Facility located at Makerere University, were reviewed. Archived isolates of the causative bacteria for the two diseases were also evaluated for AMR. The frequencies of the two disease conditions, their clinical and necropsy presentations and the demographic data of the diagnostic samples were summarized from the records. Archived bacterial isolates were revived before antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This was done on Mueller Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method, against 16 antimicrobials of medical and veterinary importance according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. A total of 697 poultry cases were presented for bacteriological investigations in the review period. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis had prevalence rates of 39.7% (277/697) and 16.2% (113/697), respectively. A total of 63 and 92 isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., respectively, were archived but 43 (68.3%) E. coli and 47 (51.1%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered and evaluated for AMR. Multidrug resistance was more frequent in E. coli (38; 88.4%) than salmonellae (25; 53.2%), (p < 0.001). The high prevalence of colibacillosis, salmonellosis and the AMR of associated pathogens warrants immediate institution of appropriate disease control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kakooza
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Esther Nabatta
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Wilfred Eneku
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie Wampande
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damian Munyiirwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edrine Kayaga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mathias Afayoa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Ssajjakambwe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Stuart Tayebwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Chubu University, Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Chubu University, Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ken'ichi Sakurai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis Mutebi
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Sims N, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Future perspectives of wastewater-based epidemiology: Monitoring infectious disease spread and resistance to the community level. Environ Int 2020; 139:105689. [PMID: 32283358 PMCID: PMC7128895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are acknowledged as one of the most critical threats to global public health today. Climate change, unprecedented population growth with accelerated rates of antimicrobial resistance, have resulted in both the emergence of novel pathogenic organisms and the re-emergence of infections that were once controlled. The consequences have led to an increased vulnerability to infectious diseases globally. The ability to rapidly monitor the spread of diseases is key for prevention, intervention and control, however several limitations exist for current surveillance systems and the capacity to cope with the rapid population growth and environmental changes. Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) is a new epidemiology tool that has potential to act as a complementary approach for current infectious disease surveillance systems and an early warning system for disease outbreaks. WBE postulates that through the analysis of population pooled wastewater, infectious disease and resistance spread, the emergence of new disease outbreak to the community level can be monitored comprehensively and in real-time. This manuscript provides critical overview of current infectious disease surveillance status, as well as it introduces WBE and its recent advancements. It also provides recommendations for further development required for WBE application as an effective tool for infectious disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sims
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Centre for Doctoral Training in Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Centre for Doctoral Training in Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Menandro ML, Dotto G, Mondin A, Martini M, Ceglie L, Pasotto D. Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from symptomatic companion animals in Northern Italy: Clonal diversity and novel sequence types. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 66:101331. [PMID: 31437680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, the genotypic diversity, the antimicrobial resistance traits of canine and feline clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates in a diagnostic laboratory in Italy during 2015-2016. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC)-mec typing and staphylococcal protein A (spa)-typing. The resistance profiles were assessed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and confirmed genotypically by the detection of mecA gene and by microarray analyses. The prevalence of MRSP isolates was high (31.6%). All the strains were multidrug resistant and the most frequent clone was ST71-SCCmec type II-III. These results confirm a high prevalence of MRSP amongst clinical samples from pets in Italy. These isolates show multidrug resistance features that are of concern both in veterinary and human medicine for clinical and epidemiological reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Menandro
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Dotto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Mondin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Marco Martini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Letizia Ceglie
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pasotto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Parascandalo FA, Zarb P, Tartari E, Lacej D, Bitincka S, Manastirliu O, Nika D, Borg MA. Carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary university hospital in Albania-a point prevalence survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016; 5:29. [PMID: 27499852 PMCID: PMC4975909 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-016-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance has been recognised as a serious global Public Health problem. Prevalence of Multiple-Drug-Resistant (MDR) organism carriage in Albania is largely unknown since no national surveillance system is in place and few publications are accessible in the literature. METHODS A 1-day point-prevalence-survey (PPS) screening for nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and rectal MDR Gram-negative carriage was carried out at the high-dependency wards in the country's only tertiary care hospital, in Tirana. RESULTS A total of 106 nasal and 104 rectal swabs were collected. 14.2 % of patients (95 % Confidence Interval [95 CI]: 8.1-22.3 %) were MRSA nasal carriers. Resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones was common in these isolates (≥80 %) but no resistance was identified against glycopeptides, nitrofurantoin and the relatively newer agents, tigecycline and linezolid. Fifty Enterobacteriaceae isolates were cultivated from 33 of 104 screened patients (31.7 % [95 CI: 22.9-41.6 % 95 CI]). The prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production in Enterobacteriaceae was 41.3 % (95 CI: 31.8-51.4 %). The two more commonly isolated Enterobacteriaceae were E. coli ([n = 28], 24 ESBL positive; 1 AmpC positive and 3 without an identified mechanism of resistance) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ([n = 13], all ESBL positive; 1 also AmpC and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) positive). Susceptibility to carbapenems (≥98 %), fosfomycin (90 %) and amikacin (70 + 20 % intermediate) was high but a high level of resistance to all other agents tested was noted. Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were less commonly isolated {22 isolates: Acinetobacter baumannii (9); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5)}. CONCLUSION Although a significant rate of MRSA carriage was identified, the main resistance challenge in Albania appears to be linked with Gram-negative organisms, particularly ESBL in Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falzon A Parascandalo
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Msida, 2080 MSD Malta
| | - P Zarb
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Msida, 2080 MSD Malta
| | - E Tartari
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Msida, 2080 MSD Malta
| | - D Lacej
- University Hospital Centre, 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - S Bitincka
- University Hospital Centre, 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - O Manastirliu
- University Hospital Centre, 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - D Nika
- University Hospital Centre, 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - M A Borg
- Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Msida, 2080 MSD Malta
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