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Roky SA, Das M, Akter S, Islam A, Paul S. Determinants of Newcastle disease in commercial layer chicken farms in two districts of Bangladesh: A case-control study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10229. [PMID: 36033317 PMCID: PMC9403345 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a real threat for commercial layer chicken farms in Bangladesh. However, only few studies have focused on exploring the epidemiology of this disease. A case-control study was conducted to identify determinants of Newcastle disease in commercial layer chicken farms in Kishoreganj and Gazipur district of Bangladesh between September 2019 and February 2020. Farms with birds diagnosed as ND positive based on clinical history, clinical signs and postmortem findings were considered as case and farms that did not have such ND positive chickens were the control for this study. Farmers of 56 case farms and 56 control farms were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire. The association between Farms’ ND status and determinants was assessed by multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination. In the final model, six variables were found to be associated with the risk for ND outbreak: age of the farmers (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.94; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.87–0.99), distance from the nearest poultry farms (OR = 3.23, 95% CI 1.27–8.39), number of houses in the farms (OR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.06–8.83), surrounding environments (OR = 5.27, 95% CI 1.96–14.20), rearing different aged bird together (OR = 4.76, 95% CI 1.25–18.19), and no isolation of sick birds (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 1.07–7.55). Alteration of these determinants should reduce the ND burden in commercial layer chicken farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Alam Roky
- Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Moumita Das
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Aminul Islam
- Avian Disease Diagnostic Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Suman Paul
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
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El-Aried TA, Mansour SMG, ElBakrey RM, N Ismail AES, Eid AAM. Infectious Bursal Disease Virus: Molecular Epidemiologic Perspectives and Impact on Vaccine Efficacy Against Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses. Avian Dis 2020; 63:606-618. [PMID: 31865675 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease of chickens with huge economic losses to the poultry industry despite extensive vaccination. Analysis of isolated IBDV field strains from vaccinated birds would greatly improve the current immunization regimens and support the development of vaccines that offer better immunity. The study investigated the genetic characteristics and pathologic features of IBDVs in commercial broiler chicken farms, as well as the effect of IBDV infection on the efficacy of vaccination against avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) under field conditions. A preliminary diagnosis of IBD was made on the basis of the flock history and the characteristic gross pathologic findings. Microscopically, lymphoid depletion in bursal follicles with infiltration of lymphomononuclear cells along with cystic cavitations reflected the IBDV infection. The molecular analysis confirmed the IBDV infection in (57.1%) of tested flocks. Upon phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 hypervariable region of 14 Egyptian IBDVs, most viruses (n = 12) were clustered within the genogroup 3, while two viruses were closely related to attenuated vaccine isolates in genogroup 1. The analysis of the amino acid (aa) sequences revealed that most of the strains possessed five consistent aas at the VP2 protein (222A, 242I, 256I, 294I, and 299S), which are characteristic for the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). Serology indicated the immunosuppressive effect of IBDV, which is represented by a decrease (1.6-2.6 and 1.4-2.6 mean log 2) in the hemagglutination inhibition titer of the low pathogenic AIV subtype H9N2 and NDV, respectively. The examined IBDVs showed a high mutation rate within the hypervariable domain of the VP2 peptide. The results highlighted the need for carrying out an inclusive surveillance of IBDV infections in chicken flocks in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A El-Aried
- Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Sharkia Branch, Zagazig 44516, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M G Mansour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Reham M ElBakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Shakour N Ismail
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Amal A M Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt,
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Almubarak AIA. Molecular and biological characterization of some circulating strains of Newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens from Eastern Saudi Arabia in 2012-2014. Vet World 2019; 12:1668-1676. [PMID: 31849430 PMCID: PMC6868251 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1668-1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is a worldwide poultry disease that is historically known to cause severe losses in the poultry industry. In the present study, attempts were made to characterize ND virus (NDV) recovered from broiler chickens in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia from January 2012 to March 2014. Materials and Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of NDV followed by partial sequencing of the fusion (F) gene. The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI), mean death time (MDT), and complete sequencing of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene were also used for further biological and molecular characterization. Results: NDV was detected at a rate of 9.6% (11/115) of the tested flocks, most of which were vaccinated against ND. F gene-based phylogeny and motifs of the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) showed segregation of Saudi isolates into two groups. The first group contained 10 isolates and was located in genotype II with the lentogenic motif 112GRQGRL117 at the FPCS. The second group contained one isolate and was located in genotype VII with velogenic motif 112RRQKRF117. Further characterization using the ICPI and MDT of two representative isolates showed virulence of both tested isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the HN gene showed close nucleotide identity between the two isolates. A BLAST search for sequences similar to HN gene sequences showed high identity with isolates from the surrounding region. Conclusion: The present findings showed a low detection rate of NDV, possibly due to the wide application of vaccines, and the circulation of at least two NDV genotypes, II and VII, in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The present Saudi isolates may share common ancestors with isolates from the surrounding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I A Almubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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Messaï CR, Salhi O, Khelef D, Lounas A, Mohamed-Cherif A, Kaidi R, Aït-Oudhia K. Serological, clinical, and risk factors of the Newcastle disease on broilers flocks in Algeria. Vet World 2019; 12:938-944. [PMID: 31528015 PMCID: PMC6702548 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.938-944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The work aimed at studying the serological and clinical factors, as well as the risk factors of the Newcastle disease (ND) on broilers herds in Algeria. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1248 birds was randomly selected from 52 broiler flocks. We took blood samples from each bird at the level of the wing vein area where an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was carried out through the use of an IDvet kit. Results: The flocks showed 82.69% of seroprevalence. Clinically speaking, the most common symptoms were sneezing, rale, greenish diarrhea, torticollis, and motor discords. Most commonly observed postmortem lesions were the proventriculitis, tracheitis, and enteritis. Especially, the caeca are hemorrhagic. The scores show the effect of risk factors. There was a significant effect on the mortality, the hygiene and vaccination groups on antibody titers in time 2. The antibody titers were elevated in the herd that recorded a high mortality (more than 10%) compared with those which recorded a low mortality (<10%) (p=0.002). Therefore, the antibody titers were elevated in herds with bad hygiene, compared with the ones with good hygiene (p=0.04). At last, when broiler chicken were not boosted by ND vaccine, flocks appeared to be more seropositive (p=0.02). Conclusion: The serological survey conducted in this study provided an important scope for ND as a dominant viral disease in broilers. Many factors are responsible for the onset of these diseases; correct biosecurity measures are needed to reduce the impact of this pathology in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Redha Messaï
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Omar Salhi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Djamel Khelef
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aziz Lounas
- Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdellah Mohamed-Cherif
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rachid Kaidi
- Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Blida, Algeria
| | - Khatima Aït-Oudhia
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
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Belgrad JP, Rahman MA, Abdullah MS, Rashid MH, Sayeed MA, Anwer MS, Hoque MA. Newcastle disease sero and viro-prevalence in rural poultry in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Prev Vet Med 2018; 160:18-25. [PMID: 30388994 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bangladesh experiences some of the highest malnutrition rates in the world, and efforts are being made to increase food security and overall health status. One of the largest constrains on increasing food security is endemic diseases among livestock and poultry populations. Newcastle Disease (ND) is one of these viral endemic diseases reducing food security. However, the sero- and viro-prevalence of ND has not been thoroughly studied in rural poultry in Bangladesh. Knowledge of farm management practices and their effect on ND sero and viro-prevalence is needed before interventions can occur, and efforts to improve the endemic state of ND cannot begin without a baseline study. This cross-sectional study randomly sampled 129 rural households with 245 chickens for the sero-prevalence and active infection rate of rural chickens in two selected upazilas (sub-districts) of the Chittagong district. ELISA was used for the detection of sero-prevalence, and cloacal samples were analyzed for ND presence using one-step RT-PCR. The aims of this study were to describe farmer demography, determine the ND sero-prevalence at the household and individual chicken level, estimate the proportionate ND prevalence at the individual chicken level, determine potential risk factors for ND sero-prevalence at the household level, and determine challenges farmers face with household chicken farming. The overall household level ND sero-prevalence based on ELISA was 31.8% (41/129) (95% CI: 23.9-40.6%), whereas the overall bird level ND sero-prevalence based on ELISA was 21.2% (52/245) (95% CI: 16.5-26.8%). ND prevalence based on RT-PCR was 12.5% (4/32) (95% CI: 3.5-29.0%). The odds of ND sero-positivity was significantly higher in farms belonging to Rangunia than in farms belonging to Anowara with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.8 (95% CI: 3.3-18.6%). The odds of ND sero-positivity was significantly lower in poultry house cleaning frequency of once or twice weekly compared with once daily cleaning (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.8%). High cleaning frequency may produce excessive stress on poultry predisposing them to infection. Poultry rearing is different between Anowara and Rangunia. Anowara (coastal) scavenging areas become restricted because of regular tide flow allowing small fishes and other aquatic animals to be the dominant scavengers in Anowara. The incoming tide also removes viral reservoirs such as feces and dead birds that may otherwise be readily accessed by healthy chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Belgrad
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts, 200 Westboro Rd., North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| | - Md Ashiqur Rahman
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Sadeque Abdullah
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Harun Rashid
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - M Sawkat Anwer
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts, 200 Westboro Rd., North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, 4225, Bangladesh.
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Mwenda R, Changula K, Hang'ombe BM, Chidumayo N, Mangani AS, Kaira T, Takada A, Mweene AS, Simulundu E. Characterization of field infectious bursal disease viruses in Zambia: evidence of co-circulation of multiple genotypes with predominance of very virulent strains. Avian Pathol 2018. [PMID: 29517272 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1449941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of chickens and causes substantial economic losses to the poultry industry globally. This study investigated the genetic characteristics and pathological lesions induced by IBD viruses (IBDVs) that were associated with 60 suspected outbreaks in chickens during 2015-2016 in Lusaka Province, Zambia. Nucleotide sequences of VP2 hypervariable region (VP2-HVR) (n = 38) and part of VP1 (n = 37) of Zambian IBDVs were phylogenetically analysed. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP2-HVR and VP1 revealed that most viruses (n = 31 of each genome segment) clustered with the very virulent (vv) strains. The rest of the viruses clustered with the classical strains, with two of the viruses being closely related to attenuated vaccine isolates. Two of the viruses that belonged to the vv genotype had a unique amino acid (aa) substitution Q324L whereas one virus had two unique changes, N280S and E300A in the VP2-HVR aa sequence. Although Zambian strains with a vv genotype possessed virulence marker aa within VP1 at 145T, 146D and 147N, two viruses showed unique substitutions, with one virus having 147T while the other had 147H. Pathologically, it was noted that only viruses with a vv genotype appeared to be associated with inducing pathological lesions in non-lymphoid organs (proventriculus and gizzard). Whilst documenting for the first time the presence of classical virulent IBDVs, this study demonstrates the involvement of multiple genotypes, with predominance of vvIBDVs in the epidemiology of IBD in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Mwenda
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Katendi Changula
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Nozyechi Chidumayo
- b Department of Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Alfred S Mangani
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Titus Kaira
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- c Department of Disease Control , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia.,d Division of Global Epidemiology , Hokkaido University Research Centre for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- c Department of Disease Control , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- c Department of Disease Control , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
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