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Kobayashi S, Kawakami R, Takeda C, Maezono K, Thammahakin P, Eguchi H, Hang'ombe BM, Orba Y, Sawa H, Yoshii K, Kariwa H. Ubiquitin accumulation induced by the finger and palm sub-domains of NS5 modulates the replication of West Nile virus. Virology 2023; 588:109902. [PMID: 37856911 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) causes encephalitis in human and animals. WNV is phylogenetically classified into at least five distinct genetic lineages with different pathogenicity. The pathogenesis of West Nile encephalitis is affected by ubiquitin accumulation in infected cells, but the mechanism is unknown. In this study, the association between ubiquitin accumulation and WNV pathogenicity was investigated. Ubiquitin accumulation was detected in cells infected with NY99 strain belonging to lineage-1, but not FCG and Zmq16 strains belonging to lineage-2. Substitution of the Finger and Palm sub-domains of NS5 from lineage-1 to -2 decreased ubiquitin accumulation and viral replication. Furthermore, the survival rate was increased, and viral replication and ubiquitin accumulation in the brain were attenuated, in mice inoculated with the substituted WNV compared with lineage-1 WNV. Therefore, the intracellular ubiquitin accumulation induced by the Finger and Palm sub-domains of NS5 is linked to the differences in pathogenicity among WNV lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Laboratory of Public Health, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Chisaki Takeda
- Laboratory of Public Health, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maezono
- Laboratory of Public Health, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Passawat Thammahakin
- Laboratory of Public Health, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Haruto Eguchi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- Laboratory of Public Health, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kariwa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Orba Y, Abu YE, Chambaro HM, Lundu T, Muleya W, Eshita Y, Qiu Y, Harima H, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Matsuno K, Sasaki M, Hall WW, Hang'ombe BM, Sawa H. Expanding diversity of bunyaviruses identified in mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18165. [PMID: 37875565 PMCID: PMC10598057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes interact with various organisms in the environment, and female mosquitoes in particular serve as vectors that directly transmit a number of microorganisms to humans and animals by blood-sucking. Comprehensive analysis of mosquito-borne viruses has led to the understanding of the existence of diverse viral species and to the identification of zoonotic arboviruses responsible for significant outbreaks and epidemics. In the present study on mosquito-borne bunyaviruses we employed a broad-spectrum RT-PCR approach and identified eighteen different additional species in the Phenuiviridae family and also a number of related but unclassified bunyaviruses in mosquitoes collected in Zambia. The entire RNA genome segments of the newly identified viruses were further analyzed by RNA sequencing with a ribonuclease R (RNase R) treatment to reduce host-derived RNAs and enrich viral RNAs, taking advantage of the dsRNA panhandle structure of the bunyavirus genome. All three or four genome segments were identified in eight bunyavirus species. Furthermore, L segments of three different novel viruses related to the Leishbunyaviridae were found in mosquitoes together with genes from the suspected host, the Crithidia parasite. In summary, our virus detection approach using a combination of broad-spectrum RT-PCR and RNA sequencing analysis with a simple virus enrichment method allowed the discovery of novel bunyaviruses. The diversity of bunyaviruses is still expanding and studies on this will allow a better understanding of the ecology of hematophagous mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yusuf Eshimutu Abu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Herman M Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Tapiwa Lundu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yuki Eshita
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Harima
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
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Harima H, Qiu Y, Yamagishi J, Kajihara M, Changula K, Okuya K, Isono M, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa H, Nao N, Sasaki M, Simulundu E, Mweene AS, Sawa H, Ishihara K, Hang'ombe BM, Takada A. Surveillance, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Bat Herpesviruses in Zambia. Viruses 2023; 15:1369. [PMID: 37376669 DOI: 10.3390/v15061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are of significant interest as reservoirs for various zoonotic viruses with high diversity. During the past two decades, many herpesviruses have been identified in various bats worldwide by genetic approaches, whereas there have been few reports on the isolation of infectious herpesviruses. Herein, we report the prevalence of herpesvirus infection of bats captured in Zambia and genetic characterization of novel gammaherpesviruses isolated from striped leaf-nosed bats (Macronycteris vittatus). By our PCR screening, herpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) genes were detected in 29.2% (7/24) of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), 78.1% (82/105) of Macronycteris vittatus, and one Sundevall's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros caffer) in Zambia. Phylogenetic analyses of the detected partial DPOL genes revealed that the Zambian bat herpesviruses were divided into seven betaherpesvirus groups and five gammaherpesvirus groups. Two infectious strains of a novel gammaherpesvirus, tentatively named Macronycteris gammaherpesvirus 1 (MaGHV1), were successfully isolated from Macronycteris vittatus bats, and their complete genomes were sequenced. The genome of MaGHV1 encoded 79 open reading frames, and phylogenic analyses of the DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B demonstrated that MaGHV1 formed an independent lineage sharing a common origin with other bat-derived gammaherpesviruses. Our findings provide new information regarding the genetic diversity of herpesviruses maintained in African bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Virology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mao Isono
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 20100, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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Kapalamula TF, Kawonga F, Shawa M, Chizimu J, Thapa J, Nyenje ME, Mkakosya RS, Hayashida K, Gordon S, Nakajima C, Munyeme M, Hang'ombe BM, Suzuki Y. Prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle, Malawi. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13647. [PMID: 36865451 PMCID: PMC9970890 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease with significant socioeconomic, animal, and public health impacts. However, the prevalence of bTB remains largely unclear in Malawi due to a paucity of information. Additionally, the existence of multiple risk factors is postulated to enhance bTB transmission in animals. A cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of bTB, animal characteristics and identify associated risk factors was conducted from slaughtered cattle at three major regional abattoirs (southern, central and northern regions) in Malawi. Out of a total of 1547 cattle examined, 154 (9.95%) had bTB-like lesions in various visceral organs and lymph nodes; one sample per animal was collected, processed, and cultured in the in the BACTEC Mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system. From the 154 cattle that showed tuberculous like lesions, only 112 were positive on MGIT and 87 were confirmed to have M. bovis based on multiplex PCR. Cattle from the southern region (odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.03-3.85) and central region (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.16-3.56) were more likely presented with bTB-like lesions at slaughter than from the northern region. The risk of having bTB-like lesions was higher in females (OR = 1.51, CI: 1.00-2.29), older cattle (OR = 2.17, CI: 1.34-3.37), and crossbreeds (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.12-2.47) than in males, younger animals, and Malawi Zebu breed, respectively. The high prevalence of bTB is of critical concern and necessitates active surveillance and strengthening of the current control strategies under a One Health (OH) approach at the animal-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Francis Kawonga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Misheck Shawa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joseph Chizimu
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mirriam Ethel Nyenje
- Community Health Sciences Unit, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Kyoko Hayashida
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Stephen Gordon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Musso Munyeme
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan,Corresponding author. Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Phiri BS, Hang'ombe BM, Mulenga E, Mubanga M, Maurischat S, Wichmann-Schauer H, Schaarschmidt S, Fetsch A. Prevalence and diversity of Staphylococcus aureus in the Zambian dairy value chain: A public health concern. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 375:109737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mubanga M, Mfune RL, Kothowa J, Mohamud AS, Chanda C, Mcgiven J, Bumbangi FN, Hang'ombe BM, Godfroid J, Simuunza M, Muma JB. Brucella Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Occupationally Exposed Humans in Selected Districts of Southern Province, Zambia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:745244. [PMID: 34869159 PMCID: PMC8635505 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.745244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is a neglected debilitating zoonosis widely recognized as an occupational health hazard. The seroprevalence of human anti-Brucella antibodies in high-risk populations, as well as their risk factors, have not been well-documented in Zambia. This study aimed at estimating the Brucella seroprevalence in herdsmen and abattoir workers and assess the associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was carried out between May and December 2020 among abattoir workers and herdsmen in Namwala, Monze and Choma districts of Southern Province in Zambia. Seroprevalence was assessed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) or competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) while a questionnaire was administered to obtain epidemiological data. Results: A total of 153 individuals were recruited in the study. The overall Brucella seroprevalence was 20.3% (95% CI: 14.6–27.5). Seropositivity among herdsmen and abattoir workers was 14.4% (95% CI: 9.2–21.8) and 46.4%, (95% CI: 28.8–65.0), respectively. Comparable seropositive results among districts showed Namwala with 26.9%, which was the highest, seconded by Monze 19.0%, and the least was Choma with 11.36%, seropositivity. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that occupation, age category, and district of residence were predictors of being seropositive to Brucella spp. antibodies. The odds of abattoir workers being seropositive to Brucella antibodies were 8.6 (95% CI: 2.6–28.2) higher than that of herdsmen being the reference group. The odds of age category 17–50 years being seropositive to Brucella antibodies were 7.0 (95% CI: 0.7–72.2) higher than being <16 years as the reference group. The odds of one having attained primary level of education being seropositive to Brucella were 1.3 (95% CI: 0.1–14.7) or secondary level of education were 6.2 (95% CI: 0.5–72.6) or tertiary level of education were 5.1 (95% CI: 0.2, 113.3) higher than that of no level of education as the reference group. Furthermore, the odds of a respondent being seropositive to Brucella antibodies were 4.5 (95% CI: 1.3–15.7) for Namwala and 4.9 (95% CI: 1.1–21.7) for Monze higher than that of Choma as the reference group. Conclusion: Anti-Brucella antibodies are prevalent among herdsmen and abattoir workers in the study areas of Zambia (20.26%), a sign of exposure to Brucella pathogens. Type of profession, age and level of education seem to influence the exposure to Brucella pathogens. This zoonosis should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in humans presenting intermittent fever, malaria-like signs and general pain in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melai Mubanga
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Eden University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ruth L Mfune
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - John Kothowa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Blantyre Agriculture Development Division (BLADD), Mpemba, Malawi
| | - Ahmed S Mohamud
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Red Sea University, Galkaio, Somalia
| | - Chitalu Chanda
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, The University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Mcgiven
- Animal and Plant Health Agency Woodham Lane, New Haw Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Flavien N Bumbangi
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Eden University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John B Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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7
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Harima H, Okuya K, Kajihara M, Ogawa H, Simulundu E, Bwalya E, Qiu Y, Mori-Kajihara A, Munyeme M, Sakoda Y, Saito T, Hang'ombe BM, Sawa H, Mweene AS, Takada A. Serological and molecular epidemiological study on swine influenza in Zambia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e931-e943. [PMID: 34724353 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause highly contagious respiratory diseases in humans and animals. In 2009, a swine-origin pandemic H1N1 IAV, designated A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, spread worldwide, and has since frequently been introduced into pig populations. Since novel reassortant IAVs with pandemic potential may emerge in pigs, surveillance for IAV in pigs is therefore necessary not only for the pig industry but also for public health. However, epidemiological information on IAV infection of pigs in Africa remains sparse. In this study, we collected 246 serum and 605 nasal swab samples from pigs in Zambia during the years 2011-2018. Serological analyses revealed that 49% and 32% of the sera collected in 2011 were positive for hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neutralizing antibodies against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, respectively, whereas less than 5.3% of sera collected during the following period (2012-2018) were positive in both serological tests. The positive rate and the neutralization titres to A(H1N1)pdm09 virus were higher than those to classical swine H1N1 and H1N2 IAVs. On the other hand, the positive rate for swine H3N2 IAV was very low in the pig population in Zambia in 2011-2018 (5.3% and 0% in HI and neutralization tests, respectively). From nasal swab samples, we isolated one H3N2 and eight H1N1 IAV strains with an isolation rate of 1.5%. Phylogenetic analyses of all eight gene segments revealed that the isolated IAVs were closely related to human IAV strains belonging to A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal H3N2 lineages. Our findings indicate that reverse zoonotic transmission from humans to pigs occurred during the study period in Zambia and highlight the need for continued surveillance to monitor the status of IAVs circulating in swine populations in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
| | - Eugene Bwalya
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Department of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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8
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Simulundu E, Ndashe K, Chambaro HM, Squarre D, Reilly PM, Chitanga S, Changula K, Mukubesa AN, Ndebe J, Tembo J, Kapata N, Bates M, Sinkala Y, Hang'ombe BM, Nalubamba KS, Kajihara M, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Takada A, Sawa H. West Nile Virus in Farmed Crocodiles, Zambia, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:811-814. [PMID: 32187004 PMCID: PMC7101096 DOI: 10.3201/eid2604.190954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected West Nile virus (WNV) nucleic acid in crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zambia. Phylogenetically, the virus belonged to lineage 1a, which is predominant in the Northern Hemisphere. These data provide evidence that WNV is circulating in crocodiles in Africa and increases the risk for animal and human transmission.
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9
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Samutela MT, Kwenda G, Simulundu E, Nkhoma P, Higashi H, Frey A, Bates M, Hang'ombe BM. Pigs as a potential source of emerging livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus in Africa: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 109:38-49. [PMID: 34146692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the emergence of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in the pig and pork production systems in Africa for the past two decades. METHODS PubMed and African Journals OnLine were searched for relevant primary studies from 2000 to 2019 using standardized key words. In total, 19 eligible articles were included in this review. RESULTS The prevalence of S. aureus including MRSA ranged from 0% to 55% among live pigs and raw pork, and from 9.4% to 30.8% among pig farm and abattoir workers. Risk factors associated with S. aureus carriage among workers were: male gender, working in an abattoir, and medical-related occupation of a household member. S. aureus and MRSA from pigs and pork production systems in Africa are potentially pathogenic with diverse spa types and clonal complexes, with genes encoding antimicrobial resistance, heavy metal resistance, and virulence factors including secreted and enterotoxins, proteases and immune evasion cluster. The typical livestock-associated S. aureus CC398 and mecC genes were reported in two studies. CONCLUSION Pigs are a potential source of the emerging livestock-associated S. aureus in Africa. Continued monitoring using a 'One Health' approach is recommended for effective infection prevention and control of these infections in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulemba Tillika Samutela
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Panji Nkhoma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew Frey
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Matthew Bates
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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10
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Phiri BS, Sakumona M, Hang'ombe BM, Fetsch A, Schaarschmidt S. The traditional dairy value chain in Zambia and potential risk factors to microbiological food safety. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Bwalya P, Hang'ombe BM, Evensen Ø, Mutoloki S. Lactococcus garvieae isolated from Lake Kariba (Zambia) has low invasive potential in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Fish Dis 2021; 44:721-727. [PMID: 33522610 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) was assessed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following administration by two different routes of infection (intraperitoneal versus immersion), using 180 fish divided into three groups. The first group of fish was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 3 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu) of L. garvieae; the second group was infected by immersion (IMM) into water containing 9.6 × 105 cfu/ml L. garvieae, and in group 3 (Control), the fish were injected IP with sterile normal saline. Mortalities were recorded daily, and on 3, 5, 7, and 13 days post-infection (dpi), liver, kidney, spleen, brain and eyes were sampled. The level of infection between groups was assessed by number of mortalities that occurred, pathology/histopathology of internal organs, bacterial re-isolation and presence of bacteria in situ determined using immunohistochemistry. A significant difference (p < .0001) was observed between L. garvieae re-isolation from tilapia following administration by IP injection and IMM. Similarly, more clinical signs and mortalities (p < .001) were observed in the IP group compared to the IMM group where no mortalities were observed. These findings suggest that L. garvieae has a low invasive potential in Nile tilapia with intact skin/external barriers and highlights the importance of maintaining fish without cuts or abrasions under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bwalya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Samora Machel School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Veterinary and Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Samora Machel School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Squarre D, Chizimu J, Nakajima C, Muma JB, Hang'ombe BM, Simulundu E, Mwasinga W, Katampi J, Fandamu P, Mukonka V, Suzuki Y, Sawa H, Munang'andu HM, Shanungu G, Chambaro HM, Munyeme M. First report of Mycobacterium bovis in wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) at the human-wildlife interface area in Zambia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1659-1662. [PMID: 33900037 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) causes tuberculosis in mammals and is a major public health threat worldwide. While M. bovis has been reported in humans, domestic and wild ruminants at the human-wildlife-livestock interface area in Zambia, there is paucity of information on the role of primates as reservoir hosts. We screened seven wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) for tuberculosis at the human-wildlife interface area in Lochinvar National Park in the Kafue Flats, Zambia. Following necropsy, lung tissue and associated lymph nodes with tuberculous-like lesions collected from four adult male baboons were prepared for Mycobacterium culture. The isolates were initially typed using the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-discrimination multiplex PCR assay and further characterized by spoligotyping and 26-loci MIRU-VNTR. Mycobacteria were isolated from all four animals and identified as M. bovis by PCR. On Spoligotyping, all isolates belonged to SB 0120 spoligotype, which is similar to what was previously reported in humans, cattle and Kafue lechwe antelopes in Kafue Flats ecosystem. Furthermore, on MIRU-VNTR typing, the baboon isolates clustered with cattle and Kafue lechwe isolates from the same catchment area. This finding intimates probable cross-species transmission of M. bovis in the Kafue Flats ecosystem. Due to the close interaction of baboons and humans at interface areas in Zambia, our results have potential implications for public health. Equally, this finding raises concerns for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Squarre
- Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Veterinary Unit, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Joseph Chizimu
- Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - John B Muma
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Edgar Simulundu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Wizaso Mwasinga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jackson Katampi
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Veterinary Unit, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Paul Fandamu
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Victor Mukonka
- Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia.,Ministry of Health, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Griffin Shanungu
- International Crane Foundation/Endangered Wildlife Trust Partnership, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Herman M Chambaro
- Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia.,Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Musso Munyeme
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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13
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Kishimoto M, Hang'ombe BM, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sasaki M. Mastomys natalensis is a possible natural rodent reservoir for encephalomyocarditis virus. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33533710 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infects a wide range of hosts and can cause encephalitis, myocarditis, reproductive disorders and diabetes mellitus in selected mammalian species. As for humans, EMCV infection seems to occur by the contact with animals and can cause febrile illnesses in some infected patients. Here we isolated EMCV strain ZM12/14 from a natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis: M. natalensis) in Zambia. Pairwise sequence similarity of the ZM12/14 P1 region consisting of antigenic capsid proteins showed the highest similarity of nucleotide (80.7 %) and amino acid (96.2%) sequence with EMCV serotype 1 (EMCV-1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZM12/14 clustered into EMCV-1 at the P1 and P3 regions but segregated from known EMCV strains at the P2 region, suggesting a unique evolutionary history. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) screening and neutralizing antibody assays for EMCV were performed using collected tissues and serum from various rodents (n=179) captured in different areas in Zambia. We detected the EMCV genome in 19 M. natalensis (19/179=10.6 %) and neutralizing antibody for EMCV in 33 M. natalensis (33/179=18.4 %). However, we did not detect either the genome or neutralizing antibody in other rodent species. High neutralizing antibody litres (≧320) were observed in both RT-PCR-negative and -positive animals. Inoculation of ZM12/14 caused asymptomatic persistent infection in BALB/c mice with high antibody titres and high viral loads in some organs, consistent with the above epidemiological results. This study is the first report of the isolation of EMCV in Zambia, suggesting that M. natalensis may play a role as a natural reservoir of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - William W Hall
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Harima H, Orba Y, Torii S, Qiu Y, Kajihara M, Eto Y, Matsuta N, Hang'ombe BM, Eshita Y, Uemura K, Matsuno K, Sasaki M, Yoshii K, Nakao R, Hall WW, Takada A, Abe T, Wolfinger MT, Simuunza M, Sawa H. An African tick flavivirus forming an independent clade exhibits unique exoribonuclease-resistant RNA structures in the genomic 3'-untranslated region. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4883. [PMID: 33649491 PMCID: PMC7921595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) infect mammalian hosts through tick bites and can cause various serious illnesses, such as encephalitis and hemorrhagic fevers, both in humans and animals. Despite their importance to public health, there is limited epidemiological information on TBFV infection in Africa. Herein, we report that a novel flavivirus, Mpulungu flavivirus (MPFV), was discovered in a Rhipicephalus muhsamae tick in Zambia. MPFV was found to be genetically related to Ngoye virus detected in ticks in Senegal, and these viruses formed a unique lineage in the genus Flavivirus. Analyses of dinucleotide contents of flaviviruses indicated that MPFV was similar to those of other TBFVs with a typical vertebrate genome signature, suggesting that MPFV may infect vertebrate hosts. Bioinformatic analyses of the secondary structures in the 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) revealed that MPFV exhibited unique exoribonuclease-resistant RNA (xrRNA) structures. Utilizing biochemical approaches, we clarified that two xrRNA structures of MPFV in the 3′-UTR could prevent exoribonuclease activity. In summary, our findings provide new information regarding the geographical distribution of TBFV and xrRNA structures in the 3′-UTR of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Eto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsuta
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yuki Eshita
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uemura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michael T Wolfinger
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Group Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Simuunza
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. .,International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. .,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. .,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
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15
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Harima H, Sasaki M, Kajihara M, Gonzalez G, Simulundu E, Bwalya EC, Qiu Y, Okuya K, Isono M, Orba Y, Takada A, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Sawa H. Characterization of mammalian orthoreoviruses isolated from faeces of pigs in Zambia. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1027-1036. [PMID: 32706330 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) has been identified in humans, livestock and wild animals; this wide host range allows individual MRV to transmit into multiple species. Although several interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment events of MRVs among humans, livestock and wildlife have been reported, the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of MRVs in Africa are poorly understood. In this study, we report the first isolation and characterization of MRVs circulating in a pig population in Zambia. In our screening, MRV genomes were detected in 19.7 % (29/147) of faecal samples collected from pigs by reverse transcription PCR. Three infectious MRV strains (MRV-85, MRV-96 and MRV-117) were successfully isolated, and their complete genomes were sequenced. Recombination analyses based on the complete genome sequences of the isolated MRVs demonstrated that MRV-96 shared the S3 segment with a different MRV isolated from bats, and that the L1 and M3 segments of MRV-117 originated from bat and human MRVs, respectively. Our results suggest that the isolated MRVs emerged through genetic reassortment events with interspecies transmission. Given the lack of information regarding MRVs in Africa, further surveillance of MRVs circulating among humans, domestic animals and wildlife is required to assess potential risk for humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Division of Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Eugene C Bwalya
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Mao Isono
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, 725 West Lombard St, Room S413, Baltimore, USA.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
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16
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Harima H, Sasaki M, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Hang'ombe BM, Changula K, Orba Y, Ogawa H, Simuunza M, Yoshida R, Mweene A, Takada A, Sawa H. Detection of novel orthoreovirus genomes in shrew (Crocidura hirta) and fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:162-167. [PMID: 31866632 PMCID: PMC7041985 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthoreoviruses have been indentified in several mammals, however, there is no
information about orthoreoviruses in shrews. In this study, we screened wild animals in
Zambia, including shrews, rodents, and bats for the detection of orthoreoviruses. Two
orthoreovirus RNA genomes were detected from a shrew intestinal-contents (1/24) and a bat
colon (1/96) sample by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR targeting the RNA-dependent RNA
polymerase gene of orthoreoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that each of the
identified orthoreoviruses formed a distinct branch among members of the
Orthoreovirus genus. This is the first report that shrews are
susceptible to orthoreovirus infection. Our results suggest the existence of undiscovered
orthoreoviruses in shrews and provide important information about the genetic diversity of
orthoreoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Para-clinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Martin Simuunza
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Aaron Mweene
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Global Virus Network, 725 West Lombard St, Room S413, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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17
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Kajihara M, Hang'ombe BM, Changula K, Harima H, Isono M, Okuya K, Yoshida R, Mori-Kajihara A, Eto Y, Orba Y, Ogawa H, Qiu Y, Sawa H, Simulundu E, Mwizabi D, Munyeme M, Squarre D, Mukonka V, Mweene A, Takada A. Marburgvirus in Egyptian Fruit Bats, Zambia. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1577-1580. [PMID: 31146800 PMCID: PMC6649326 DOI: 10.3201/eid2508.190268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected Marburg virus genome in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) captured in Zambia in September 2018. The virus was closely related phylogenetically to the viruses that previously caused Marburg outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This finding demonstrates that Zambia is at risk for Marburg virus disease.
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18
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Anindita PD, Sasaki M, Gonzalez G, Phongphaew W, Carr M, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Ito K, Orba Y, Sawa H. Publisher Correction: Discovery and genetic characterization of diverse smacoviruses in Zambian non-human primates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8502. [PMID: 31171799 PMCID: PMC6554342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina D Anindita
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Wallaya Phongphaew
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michael Carr
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Global Virus Network Affiliate, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Global Virus Network Affiliate, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Global Virus Network Affiliate, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Global Virus Network, 801 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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19
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Wastika CE, Sasaki M, Yoshii K, Anindita PD, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Kobayashi S, Kariwa H, Carr MJ, Hall WW, Eshita Y, Orba Y, Sawa H. Serological evidence of Zika virus infection in non-human primates in Zambia. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2165-2170. [PMID: 31154511 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) circulation occurs between non-human primates (NHPs) in a sylvatic transmission cycle. To investigate evidence of flavivirus infection in NHPs in Zambia, we performed a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to quantify neutralizing antibodies. PRNT revealed that sera from NHPs (African green monkeys and baboons) exhibited neutralizing activity against ZIKV (34.4%; 33/96), whereas a PRNT for yellow fever virus using NHP sera showed no neutralization activity. ZIKV genomic RNA was not detected in splenic tissues from NHPs, suggesting that the presence of anti-ZIKV neutralizing antibodies represented resolved infections. Our evidence suggests that ZIKV is maintained in NHP reservoirs in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christida E Wastika
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Paulina D Anindita
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Global Virus Network Affiliate Centre of Excellence, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Global Virus Network Affiliate Centre of Excellence, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.,Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kariwa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Michael J Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Global Virus Network, 725 West Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Yuki Eshita
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan. .,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan. .,Global Virus Network, 725 West Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Global Virus Network Affiliate Centre of Excellence, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia. .,Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.
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20
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Sasaki M, Kajihara M, Changula K, Mori-Kajihara A, Ogawa H, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Simuunza M, Yoshida R, Carr M, Orba Y, Takada A, Sawa H. Identification of group A rotaviruses from Zambian fruit bats provides evidence for long-distance dispersal events in Africa. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 63:104-109. [PMID: 29792990 PMCID: PMC7173303 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is a major cause of diarrhea in children worldwide. Although RVA infects many animals, little is known about RVA in bats. The present study investigated the genetic diversity of RVA in Zambian bats. We identified RVA from two straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) and an Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), and analyzed the genome sequences of these strains. Genome segments of the RVA strains from Zambian E. helvum showed 97%–99% nucleotide sequence identity with those of other RVA strains from E. helvum in Cameroon, which is 2800 km from the sampling locations. These findings suggest that migratory straw-colored fruit bat species, distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, have the potential to disseminate RVA across long distances. By contrast, the RVA strain from Zambian R. aegyptiacus carried highly divergent NSP2 and NSP4 genes, leading us to propose novel genotypes N21 and E27, respectively. Notably, this RVA strain also shared the same genotype for VP6 and NSP3 with the RVA strains from Zambian E. helvum, suggesting interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment may have occurred between these two bat species in the past. Our study has important implications for RVA dispersal in bat populations, and expands our knowledge of the ecology, diversity and evolutionary relationships of RVA. Detection of group A rotavirus from Zambian fruit bats. Some viral genes were almost identical to those of rotavirus from Cameroonian bats. The findings provide evidence for long-distance dispersal events of rotavirus. First report of novel N21 and E27 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Martin Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michael Carr
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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21
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Orba Y, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Wada Y, Anindita PD, Phongphaew W, Qiu Y, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Eto Y, Sasaki M, Hall WW, Eshita Y, Sawa H. First isolation of West Nile virus in Zambia from mosquitoes. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:933-938. [PMID: 29722174 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito surveillance studies to identify mosquito-borne flaviviruses have identified West Nile Virus (WNV) for the first time in Zambia. The Zambian WNV isolate from Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected in the Western Province was closely related genetically to WNV lineage 2 South African strains which have been previously shown to be highly neuroinvasive. These data provide the first evidence of the circulation of WNV in Zambia and suggest there should be an increased awareness of possible associated human and animal diseases in that country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - B M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Y Wada
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - P D Anindita
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - W Phongphaew
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - A Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Eto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - W W Hall
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Y Eshita
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - H Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Torii S, Orba Y, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Wada Y, Anindita PD, Phongphaew W, Qiu Y, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Eto Y, Harima H, Sasaki M, Carr M, Hall WW, Eshita Y, Abe T, Sawa H. Discovery of Mwinilunga alphavirus: A novel alphavirus in Culex mosquitoes in Zambia. Virus Res 2018; 250:31-36. [PMID: 29630910 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne alphaviruses are disseminated globally and cause febrile illness in humans and animals. Since the prevalence and diversity of alphaviruses has not been previously investigated in Zambia, reverse transcription PCR was employed as a broad-spectrum approach for the detection of alphaviruses in mosquitoes. From 552 mosquito pools, a novel alphavirus, tentatively named Mwinilunga alphavirus (MWAV), was discovered from a single Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito pool. The full genome of MWAV was subsequently determined, and pairwise comparisons demonstrated that MWAV represented a new alphavirus species. Phylogenetic analyses and a linear discriminant analysis based on the dinucleotide ratios in various virus sequences indicated that MWAV is related to a mosquito-specific alphavirus distinct from other known mosquito-borne alphaviruses due to its inability to replicate in vertebrate cell lines. Further analyses of these novel alphaviruses will help to facilitate a greater understanding of the molecular determinants of host range restriction and the evolutionary relationships of alphaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Torii
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yuji Wada
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Paulina D Anindita
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wallaya Phongphaew
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Eto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michael Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yuki Eshita
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Computer Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
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23
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Mwenda R, Changula K, Hang'ombe BM, Chidumayo N, Mangani AS, Kaira T, Takada A, Mweene AS, Simulundu E. Characterization of field infectious bursal disease viruses in Zambia: evidence of co-circulation of multiple genotypes with predominance of very virulent strains. Avian Pathol 2018. [PMID: 29517272 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1449941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of chickens and causes substantial economic losses to the poultry industry globally. This study investigated the genetic characteristics and pathological lesions induced by IBD viruses (IBDVs) that were associated with 60 suspected outbreaks in chickens during 2015-2016 in Lusaka Province, Zambia. Nucleotide sequences of VP2 hypervariable region (VP2-HVR) (n = 38) and part of VP1 (n = 37) of Zambian IBDVs were phylogenetically analysed. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP2-HVR and VP1 revealed that most viruses (n = 31 of each genome segment) clustered with the very virulent (vv) strains. The rest of the viruses clustered with the classical strains, with two of the viruses being closely related to attenuated vaccine isolates. Two of the viruses that belonged to the vv genotype had a unique amino acid (aa) substitution Q324L whereas one virus had two unique changes, N280S and E300A in the VP2-HVR aa sequence. Although Zambian strains with a vv genotype possessed virulence marker aa within VP1 at 145T, 146D and 147N, two viruses showed unique substitutions, with one virus having 147T while the other had 147H. Pathologically, it was noted that only viruses with a vv genotype appeared to be associated with inducing pathological lesions in non-lymphoid organs (proventriculus and gizzard). Whilst documenting for the first time the presence of classical virulent IBDVs, this study demonstrates the involvement of multiple genotypes, with predominance of vvIBDVs in the epidemiology of IBD in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Mwenda
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Katendi Changula
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Nozyechi Chidumayo
- b Department of Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Alfred S Mangani
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Titus Kaira
- a Department of Para Clinical Studies , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- c Department of Disease Control , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia.,d Division of Global Epidemiology , Hokkaido University Research Centre for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- c Department of Disease Control , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- c Department of Disease Control , School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia , Lusaka , Zambia
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24
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Sagamiko FD, Muma JB, Karimuribo ED, Mwanza AM, Sindato C, Hang'ombe BM. Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and associated risk factors in mbeya region, Southern highlands of Tanzania. Acta Trop 2018; 178:169-175. [PMID: 29191516 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to establish the seroprevalence of brucellosis and associated risk factors in indigenous and exotic breeds of cattle from 178 farms in Mbeya region. A total of 1211 cattle (929exotic cattle from 108 commercial farms and 282 indigenous cattle from 70 traditional farms) were tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The overall animal-level seroprevalence was 9.3%; 11.3% (95% CI: 9.4-13.5) in indigenous cattle and 2.8% (95% CI:1.4-5.6) in exotic cattle. Further, the overall herd level seroprevalence was 32.0%; 50.5% (95% CI: 40.9-59.9) in indigenous cattle and 4.2% (95% CI: 1.3-12.4) in exotic cattle. Infections were higher in cattle aged 6-10 years old, (39.8%; 95% CI: 31.2-49.1) followed by those aged 1-5 years (5.8%; 95% CI: 4.8-6.6) and 11-15years old (2.7%; 95% CI: 0.8-8). When compared to cattle sampled from herds size of 1-50, those sampled from the herd sizes of 51-100 and 101-150 had higher odds of brucellosis seropositivity [(OR=3.6, CI: 1.76-7.16, p<0.001) and (OR=3.0, CI: 1.09-8.04, p=0.033). The odds of seropositivity in animals which calved on pasture was 3.0 (CI: 1.1-7.8, p=0.028) compared to those that calved at home. Brucella seroprevalence was also observed to vary according to districts, with Mbarari district recording the highest (45.4%). It is evident from the study that Brucellosis is present in Mbarari, Mbeya and Momba districts of Mbeya Region. The findings of this study provide some baseline data that could contribute to the design and implementation of brucellosis control measures in the study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Sagamiko
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia; Maswa District Council, P.O. Box 170, Simiyu, Tanzania.
| | - J B Muma
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - E D Karimuribo
- College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A M Mwanza
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - C Sindato
- National Institute for Medical Research, P. Box 482, Tabora, Tanzania
| | - B M Hang'ombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia
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25
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Chitanga S, Simulundu E, Simuunza MC, Changula K, Qiu Y, Kajihara M, Nakao R, Syakalima M, Takada A, Mweene AS, Mukaratirwa S, Hang'ombe BM. First molecular detection and genetic characterization of Coxiella burnetii in Zambian dogs and rodents. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:40. [PMID: 29343277 PMCID: PMC5773031 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is a zoonotic pathogen associated with sylvatic or domestic transmission cycles, with rodents being suspected to link the two transmission cycles. Infection and subsequent disease in humans has historically been associated with contact with infected livestock, especially sheep. However, recently there have been reports of Q fever outbreaks associated with contact with infected rodents and dogs. Studies exploring the potential role of these animal hosts in the epidemiology of Q fever in many developing countries in Africa are very limited. This study aimed to determine the potential role of rodents and dogs in the epidemiological cycle of C. burnetti in Zambia. Using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene, C. burnetii was detected for the first time in 45% of rodents (9/20), in one shrew and in 10% of domestic dogs (15/150) screened in Zambia. Phylogenetic characterization of six samples based on the isocitrate synthase gene revealed that the strains were similar to a group of isolates from chronic human Q fever patients, goats and rodents reported in multiple continents. Considering the close proximity of domestic dogs and rodents to humans, especially in resource-limited communities, the presence of C. burnetii in these animals could be of significant public health importance. It is thus important to determine the burden of Q fever in humans in such resource-limited communities where there is close contact between humans, rodents and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simbarashe Chitanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, PO Box 50110, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin C Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Paraclinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michelo Syakalima
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest University, Mafikeng Campus, P/B. X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia.,Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
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26
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Huchzermeyer CF, Huchzermeyer KDA, Christison KW, Macey BM, Colly PA, Hang'ombe BM, Songe MM. First record of epizootic ulcerative syndrome from the Upper Congo catchment: An outbreak in the Bangweulu swamps, Zambia. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:87-94. [PMID: 28745838 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first outbreak of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) amongst wild fish populations in the Bangweulu swamps, an inland delta, in the north of Zambia during 2014. The area supports a large and diverse fish fauna related to, but distinct from, that of the Zambezi River system where EUS outbreaks have occurred since 2006. A sizeable artisanal fishery, based on extensive fish weirs, is sustained by the annual flooding of the swamps, and observations of the disease outbreak by fishermen were recorded. Signs typical of infection with Aphanomyces invadans were observed in a number of species. Clinical observations, histology and molecular diagnostic methods were used to confirm infection with A. invadans in two of the most commonly and severely affected species. Several features of the wetland may have contributed to the outbreak and the annual recurrence of the disease. Modes by which the disease may have been introduced into the swamps are discussed. The outbreak is of great significance as the Bangweulu swamps drain into the Congo River in neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa's largest drainage system with an extensive and diverse fish fauna previously unaffected by EUS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K D A Huchzermeyer
- Sterkspruit Veterinary Clinic, Lydenburg, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - K W Christison
- Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Directorate of Aquaculture Research and Development, Roggebaai, South Africa
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - B M Macey
- Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Directorate of Aquaculture Research and Development, Roggebaai, South Africa
| | - P A Colly
- Sterkspruit Veterinary Clinic, Lydenburg, South Africa
| | - B M Hang'ombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M M Songe
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Balmoral, Lusaka, Zambia
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27
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Ogawa H, Kajihara M, Nao N, Shigeno A, Fujikura D, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Mutemwa A, Squarre D, Yamada M, Higashi H, Sawa H, Takada A. Characterization of a Novel Bat Adenovirus Isolated from Straw-Colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum). Viruses 2017; 9:v9120371. [PMID: 29207524 PMCID: PMC5744146 DOI: 10.3390/v9120371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are important reservoirs for emerging zoonotic viruses. For extensive surveys of potential pathogens in straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Zambia, a total of 107 spleen samples of E. helvum in 2006 were inoculated onto Vero E6 cells. The cell culture inoculated with one of the samples (ZFB06-106) exhibited remarkable cytopathic changes. Based on the ultrastructural property in negative staining and cross-reactivity in immunofluorescence assays, the virus was suspected to be an adenovirus, and tentatively named E. helvum adenovirus 06-106 (EhAdV 06-106). Analysis of the full-length genome of 30,134 bp, determined by next-generation sequencing, showed the presence of 28 open reading frames. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that EhAdV 06-106 represented a novel bat adenovirus species in the genus Mastadenovirus. The virus shared similar characteristics of low G + C contents with recently isolated members of species Bat mastadenoviruses E, F and G, from which EhAdV 06-106 diverged by more than 15% based on the distance matrix analysis of DNA polymerase amino acid sequences. According to the taxonomic criteria, we propose the tentative new species name “Bat mastadenovirus H”. Because EhAdV 06-106 exhibited a wide in vitro cell tropism, the virus might have a potential risk as an emerging virus through cross-species transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Asako Shigeno
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Fujikura
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
| | - Alisheke Mutemwa
- Provincial Veterinary Office, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, P.O. Box 70416, Ndola 50100, Zambia.
| | - David Squarre
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Ministry of Tourism and Arts, Private Bag 1, Chilanga 10101, Zambia.
| | - Masao Yamada
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
- Global Virus Network, 801 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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28
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Carr M, Gonzalez G, Sasaki M, Dool SE, Ito K, Ishii A, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Teeling EC, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H. Identification of the same polyomavirus species in different African horseshoe bat species is indicative of short-range host-switching events. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2771-2785. [PMID: 28984241 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are considered to be highly host-specific in different mammalian species, with no well-supported evidence for host-switching events. We examined the species diversity and host specificity of PyVs in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.), a broadly distributed and highly speciose mammalian genus. We annotated six PyV genomes, comprising four new PyV species, based on pairwise identity within the large T antigen (LTAg) coding region. Phylogenetic comparisons revealed two instances of highly related PyV species, one in each of the Alphapolyomavirus and Betapolyomavirus genera, present in different horseshoe bat host species (Rhinolophus blasii and R. simulator), suggestive of short-range host-switching events. The two pairs of Rhinolophus PyVs in different horseshoe bat host species were 99.9 and 88.8 % identical with each other over their respective LTAg coding sequences and thus constitute the same virus species. To corroborate the species identification of the bat hosts, we analysed mitochondrial cytb and a large nuclear intron dataset derived from six independent and neutrally evolving loci for bat taxa of interest. Bayesian estimates of the ages of the most recent common ancestors suggested that the near-identical and more distantly related PyV species diverged approximately 9.1E4 (5E3-2.8E5) and 9.9E6 (4E6-18E6) years before the present, respectively, in contrast to the divergence times of the bat host species: 12.4E6 (10.4E6-15.4E6). Our findings provide evidence that short-range host-switching of PyVs is possible in horseshoe bats, suggesting that PyV transmission between closely related mammalian species can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carr
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Serena E Dool
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Anklamer Street 20, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - William W Hall
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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29
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Nyirenda SS, Hang'ombe BM, Mulenga E, Kilonzo BS. Serological and PCR investigation of Yersinia pestis in potential reservoir hosts from a plague outbreak focus in Zambia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:345. [PMID: 28754138 PMCID: PMC5534097 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plague is a bacterial zoonotic disease, caused by Yersinia pestis. Rodents are the natural hosts with fleas as the vehicle of disease transmission. Domestic and wild dogs and cats have also been identified as possible disease hosts. In Zambia, plague outbreaks have been reported in the Southern and Eastern regions in the last 20 years. Based on these observations, Y. pestis could possibly be endemically present in the area. Methods To substantiate such possibility, sera samples were collected from rodents, shrews, dogs and cats for detection of antibodies against Fraction 1 gene (Fra1) of Y. pestis while organs from rodents and shrews, and fleas from both dogs and rodents were collected to investigate plasminogen activator gene (pla gene) of Y. pestis using ELISA and PCR respectively. Results A total of 369 blood samples were collected from domestic carnivores, shrews and domestic and peri-domestic rodents while 199 organs were collected from the rodents and shrews. Blood samples were tested for antibodies against Fra1 antigen using ELISA and 3% (5/165) (95% CI 0.99–6.93%) dogs were positive while all cats were negative. Of 199 sera from rodents and shrews, 12.6% (95% CI 8.30–17.98%) were positive for antibodies against Fra1 using anti-rat IgG secondary antibody while using anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody, 17.6% (95% CI 12.57–23.60%) were positive. PCR was run on the organs and 2.5% (95% CI 0.82–5.77%) were positive for plasminogen activator gene of Y. pestis and the amplicons were sequenced and showed 99% identity with Y. pestis reference sequences. All 82 fleas collected from animals subjected to PCR, were negative for pla gene. The specific rat-flea and dog-flea indices were 0.19 and 0.27 respectively, which were lower than the level required to enhance chances of the disease outbreak. Conclusions We concluded that plague was still endemic in the area and the disease may infect human beings if contact is enhanced between reservoir hosts and flea vectors. The lower specific rodent-flea Indices and absence of Y. pestis in the potential vectors were considered to be partly responsible for the current absence of plague outbreaks despite its presence in the sylvatic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Nyirenda
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, P.O. Box 33980, Zambia. .,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - B M Hang'ombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - E Mulenga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - B S Kilonzo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Nyirenda SS, Hang'ombe BM, Machang'u R, Mwanza J, Kilonzo BS. Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Transmission of Plague Disease in Eastern Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:826-830. [PMID: 28722614 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Plague is a fatal, primarily rodent-flea-borne zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis. The identification of risk factors of plague was investigated through questionnaire interview and conducting focus group discussion (FGD) in Sinda and Nyimba districts of eastern Zambia. A total of 104 questionnaires were administered to individual respondents and 20 groups consisting of 181 discussants, which comprised FGD team in this study. The study revealed that trapping, transportation, and preparation of rodents for food exposed the community to rodent and their fleas suggesting that plague may have occurred primarily by either flea bites or contact with infected wild rodents. The study also revealed that most people in communities consumed rodents as part of their regular diet; therefore, contact with small wild mammals was a common practice. The mode of transportation of freshly trapped rodents, in particular, carcasses risked human to flea bites. Questionnaire respondents (75%) and FGD discussants (55%) indicated that trappers preferred to carry rodent carcasses in small bags, whereas 55.8% and 20% respectively, reported hunters carrying carcasses in their pockets. Carrying of carcass skewers on trappers' shoulders was reported by 38.4% and 20% of individual respondents and FGD, respectively. All these activities were exposing humans to rodents and their fleas, the natural reservoirs and vectors of plague, respectively. This study also showed that there is a statistically significant (χ2 = 4.6878, P < 0.05), between digging of rodents from their burrows and the presence of fleas on the hunter's bodies or clothes, which exposes humans to potentially flea bites in an enzootic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Nyirenda
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.,Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Robert Machang'u
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Bukheti S Kilonzo
- Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Nyirenda SS, Hang'ombe BM, Kilonzo BS, Kangwa HL, Mulenga E, Moonga L. Potential Roles of Pigs, Small Ruminants, Rodents, and Their Flea Vectors in Plague Epidemiology in Sinda District, Eastern Zambia. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:719-725. [PMID: 28399281 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern part of Zambia that previously reported a plague outbreak. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of pigs, goats, and sheep as sero-surveillance hosts for monitoring plague, and to investigate the flea vectors and potential reservoir hosts to establish the current status of plague endemicity in the district. Serum samples were collected from 96 rodents, 10 shrews, 245 domestic pigs, 232 goats, and 31 sheep, whereas 106 organs were eviscerated from rodents and shrews. As for fleas, 1,064 Echidnophaga larina Jordan & Rothschild, 7 Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), and 382 Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood) were collected from these animals in 34 villages. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were performed on serum, and organs and fleas to determine IgG antibodies against Fraction 1 antigen and pla gene of Yersinia pestis, respectively. ELISA results showed that 2.83% (95% CI = 0.59-8.05) rodents, 9.0% (95% CI = 5.71-13.28) domestic pigs, 4.7% (95% CI = 2.39-8.33) goats, and 3.2% (95% CI = 0.08-16.70) sheep were positive for IgG antibodies against Fra1 antigen of Y. pestis. On PCR, 8.4% (95% CI = 3.96-15.51) of the rodents were detected with Y. pestis pla gene, whereas all fleas were found negative. The common fleas identified were E. larina from pigs, whereas X. cheopis were the only fleas collected from rodents. The presence of sero-positive animals as well as the occurrence of X. cheopis on local rodents suggests that Y. pestis remains a risk in the district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Nyirenda
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, P.O. Box 33980, Balmoral, Lusaka, Zambia ( ; )
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia (; ; )
| | - Bukheti S Kilonzo
- Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Henry L Kangwa
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, P.O. Box 33980, Balmoral, Lusaka, Zambia (; )
| | - Evans Mulenga
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia (; ; )
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia (; ; )
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Songe MM, Hang'ombe BM, Knight-Jones TJD, Grace D. Antimicrobial Resistant Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Houseflies Infesting Fish in Food Markets in Zambia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 14:ijerph14010021. [PMID: 28036049 PMCID: PMC5295272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases and is a leading cause of death in developing countries. This is often caused by contaminated food. Poor food hygiene standards are exacerbated by the presence of flies which can transmit a variety of infectious microorganisms, particularly through animal source foods. This fact becomes especially important in developing countries like Zambia, where fish is a highly valued source of protein. Our interest in this study was to identify if the flies that beset food markets in Zambia carry important pathogenic bacteria on their bodies, and subsequently if these bacteria carry resistance genes to commonly used antibiotics, which would indicate problems in eradicating these pathogens. The present study took into account fish vendors’ and consumers’ perception of flies and interest in interventions to reduce their numbers. We conducted semi-structured interviews with (1) traders (comprised of randomly selected males and females) and (2) consumers (including randomly selected males and females). Thereafter, we collected flies found on fish in markets in Mongu and Lusaka districts of Zambia. For the entire study, a total of 418 fly samples were analyzed in the laboratory and Salmonella spp. and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were isolated from the flies. Further laboratory screening revealed that overall, 17.2% (72/418) (95% CI; 43.2%–65.5%) of total samples analyzed contained Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. These significant findings call for a strengthening of the antibiotic administering policy in Zambia and the development of sustainable interventions to reduce fly numbers in food markets and improve food safety and hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwansa M Songe
- Food Safety and Zoonoses Program, Zambia, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Paraclinical Studies Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
| | - Theodore J D Knight-Jones
- Food Safety and Zoonoses Program, Zambia, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
| | - Delia Grace
- Food Safety and Zoonoses Program, Kenya, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
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Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sasaki S, Gonzalez G, Ishii A, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Ito K, Sawa H. Multi-reassortant G3P[3] group A rotavirus in a horseshoe bat in Zambia. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2488-2493. [PMID: 27574104 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhoea in humans, especially in young children. Bats also harbour group A rotaviruses, but the genetic backgrounds of bat rotavirus strains are usually distinct from those of human rotavirus strains. We identified a new strain of group A rotavirus in the intestinal contents of a horseshoe bat in Zambia. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the identified virus, named RVA/Bat-wt/ZMB/LUS12-14/2012/G3P[3], possessed the genotype constellation G3-P[3]-I3-R2-C2-M3-A9-N2-T3-E2-H3. Several genome segments of LUS12-14 were highly similar to those of group A rotaviruses identified from humans, cows and antelopes, indicating interspecies transmission of rotaviruses between bats and other mammals with possible multiple genomic reassortment events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Satoko Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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Sasaki M, Orba Y, Anindita PD, Ishii A, Ueno K, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Ito K, Sawa H. Distinct Lineages of Bufavirus in Wild Shrews and Nonhuman Primates. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1230-3. [PMID: 26079728 PMCID: PMC4480391 DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.141969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral metagenomic analysis identified a new parvovirus genome in the intestinal contents of wild shrews in Zambia. Related viruses were detected in spleen tissues from wild shrews and nonhuman primates. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses are related to human bufaviruses, highlighting the presence and genetic diversity of bufaviruses in wildlife.
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Ziwa MH, Matee MI, Kilonzo BS, Hang'ombe BM. Evidence of Yersinia pestis DNA in rodents in plague outbreak foci in Mbulu and Karatu Districts, northern Tanzania. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 15:152-7. [PMID: 26591703 DOI: 10.4314/thrb.v15i3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human plague remains a public health concern in Tanzania despite its quiescence in most foci for years, considering the recurrence nature of the disease. Appreciable researches have involved serological screening of rodents, fleas and humans but none has involved molecular detection and hence proving the presence of Yersinia pestis in rodents in the most recent affected foci, Mbulu and Karatu districts in northern Tanzania. The objective of the current study was to employ a simple PCR to detect Yersinia pestis plasminogen activator (pla) gene in various potential mammalian hosts/reservoirs. The study was conducted in five villages in Mbulu and one in Karatu districts during the period of no disease outbreak. Rodents and small wild carnivores were captured, anaesthetized, identified, sexed and autopsied. Liver, spleen, heart and lung specimens were collected and DNA extracted after which PCR was used to detect the Y. pestis pla gene. A total of 517 small mammals were captured; of which, 493 (95.4%) were from Mbulu and 24 (4.6%) from Karatu. Two Mastomys natalensis (one from each district) and one Gerbilliscus sp. in Mbulu district were positive for Y. pestis pla gene. In conclusion, our results have provided a proof on the presence of Y. pestis in the two rodent species (Mastomys natalensis and Gerbilliscus sp.) and thus providing indicative evidence that the two are potential reservoirs of the pathogen and hence may be responsible for maintaining the same during periods of no disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ziwa
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Ndashe K, Simulundu E, Hang'ombe BM, Moonga L, Ogawa H, Takada A, Mweene AS. Molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease viruses detected in vaccinated commercial broiler flocks in Lusaka, Zambia. Arch Virol 2015; 161:513-9. [PMID: 26597187 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive viral disease of young chickens and remains one of the economically most important diseases threatening the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, 16 and 11 nucleotide sequences of the VP2 hypervariable region (VP2-HVR) and part of VP1, respectively, of IBD virus (IBDV) detected in vaccinated broiler chickens in Lusaka in 2012 were determined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Zambian IBDVs separated into three genotypes of very virulent (VV) IBDVs. Although the majority of these viruses belonged to the African VV type (VV1), which consisted of viruses from West Africa, South Africa and Zambia, one virus belonged to the East African VV type (VV2). Interestingly, a Zambian IBDV belonging to the VV3 genotype (composed of viruses from several continents) clustered with attenuated vaccine strains. Although sequence analysis of VP2-HVR showed that all detected Zambian IBDVs had conserved putative virulence marker amino acids (i.e., 222A, 242I, 256I, 294I and 299S), one virus had two unique amino acid substitutions, N280S and E300A. This study demonstrates the diversity of Zambian IBDVs and documents for the first time the possible involvement of attenuated vaccine strains in the epidemiology of IBD in Zambia. Strict biosecurity of poultry farms, monitoring of live vaccine use in the field, surveillance and characterization of IBDV in poultry and development of a vaccine from local or regional IBDV field strains are recommended for improved IBD control in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunda Ndashe
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Veterinary Services and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, PO Box 21, Siavonga, Zambia
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Para Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
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Ogawa H, Koizumi N, Ohnuma A, Mutemwa A, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Takada A, Sugimoto C, Suzuki Y, Kida H, Sawa H. Molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in the straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) migrating to Zambia from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 32:143-7. [PMID: 25791930 PMCID: PMC7106174 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptospira from Eidolon helvum bats in Zambia was detected by flaB-nested PCR. The Leptospira flaB was detected in 72 of 529 E. helvum bats. The Leptospira rrs was also detected in E. helvum bats in Zambia. Most of the Leptospira sequences belong to a unique cluster in the phylogeny. E. helvum bats are a candidate natural reservoir to pathogenic Leptospira in Zambia.
The role played by bats as a potential source of transmission of Leptospira spp. to humans is poorly understood, despite various pathogenic Leptospira spp. being identified in these mammals. Here, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of pathogenic Leptospira spp. that infect the straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum). We captured this bat species, which is widely distributed in Africa, in Zambia during 2008–2013. We detected the flagellin B gene (flaB) from pathogenic Leptospira spp. in kidney samples from 79 of 529 E. helvum (14.9%) bats. Phylogenetic analysis of 70 flaB fragments amplified from E. helvum samples and previously reported sequences, revealed that 12 of the fragments grouped with Leptospira borgpetersenii and Leptospira kirschneri; however, the remaining 58 flaB fragments appeared not to be associated with any reported species. Additionally, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rrs) amplified from 27 randomly chosen flaB-positive samples was compared with previously reported sequences, including bat-derived Leptospira spp. All 27 rrs fragments clustered into a pathogenic group. Eight fragments were located in unique branches, the other 19 fragments were closely related to Leptospira spp. detected in bats. These results show that rrs sequences in bats are genetically related to each other without regional variation, suggesting that Leptospira are evolutionarily well-adapted to bats and have uniquely evolved in the bat population. Our study indicates that pathogenic Leptospira spp. in E. helvum in Zambia have unique genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Ogawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Aiko Ohnuma
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | | | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Ogawa H, Fujikura D, Ohnuma M, Ohnishi N, Hang'ombe BM, Mimuro H, Ezaki T, Mweene AS, Higashi H. A novel multiplex PCR discriminates Bacillus anthracis and its genetically related strains from other Bacillus cereus group species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122004. [PMID: 25774512 PMCID: PMC4361551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax is an important zoonotic disease worldwide that is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming pathogenic bacterium. A rapid and sensitive method to detect B. anthracis is important for anthrax risk management and control in animal cases to address public health issues. However, it has recently become difficult to identify B. anthracis by using previously reported molecular-based methods because of the emergence of B. cereus, which causes severe extra-intestinal infection, as well as the human pathogenic B. thuringiensis, both of which are genetically related to B. anthracis. The close genetic relation of chromosomal backgrounds has led to complexity of molecular-based diagnosis. In this study, we established a B. anthracis multiplex PCR that can screen for the presence of B. anthracis virulent plasmids and differentiate B. anthracis and its genetically related strains from other B. cereus group species. Six sets of primers targeting a chromosome of B. anthracis and B. anthracis-like strains, two virulent plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, a bacterial gene, 16S rRNA gene, and a mammalian gene, actin-beta gene, were designed. The multiplex PCR detected approximately 3.0 CFU of B. anthracis DNA per PCR reaction and was sensitive to B. anthracis. The internal control primers also detected all bacterial and mammalian DNAs examined, indicating the practical applicability of this assay as it enables monitoring of appropriate amplification. The assay was also applied for detection of clinical strains genetically related to B. anthracis, which were B. cereus strains isolated from outbreaks of hospital infections in Japan, and field strains isolated in Zambia, and the assay differentiated B. anthracis and its genetically related strains from other B. cereus group strains. Taken together, the results indicate that the newly developed multiplex PCR is a sensitive and practical method for detecting B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Ogawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Daisuke Fujikura
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ohnuma
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohnishi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bernard M. Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hitomi Mimuro
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Pathogenic Microbes Repository Unit, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ezaki
- Department of Microbiology, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Aaron S. Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Mwikuma G, Kwenda G, Hang'ombe BM, Simulundu E, Kaile T, Nzala S, Siziya S, Suzuki Y. Molecular identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from clinical specimens in Zambia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2015; 14:1. [PMID: 25592857 PMCID: PMC4302154 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-014-0059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has highlighted the increased incidence and importance of the disease caused by Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM). While disease due to M. avium-intracellulare complex is apparently common throughout the world, other Non-tuberculous mycobacterial species have been isolated from both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The increasing number of infections caused by these organisms has made it clinically important to quickly identify mycobacterial species. The diagnosis of a pathogenic versus a non-pathogenic species not only has epidemiological implications but is also relevant to the demands of patient management. Since antibiotic treatment varies according to the species encountered, species identification would reduce the burden of some of these emerging opportunistic pathogens especially in immunocompromised patients and improve their quality of life. FINDINGS A total of 91 NTM suspected isolates from four regions of Zambia were included in the study. These isolates were identified using the sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Mycobacteria. Fifty-four of the 91 (59%) isolates were identified as NTM and these included M. intracellulare (27.8%), M. lentiflavum (16.7%), M. avium (14.8%), M. fortuitum (7.4%), M. gordonae (7.4%), M. kumamotonense (3.7%), M. indicus pranii (3.7%), M. peregrinum (3.7%), M. elephantis (1.85%), M. flavescens (1.85%), M. asiaticum (1.85%), M. bouchedurhonense (1.85%), M. chimaera (1.85%), M. europaeum (1.85%), M. neourum (1.85%), M. nonchromogenicum (1.5%). CONCLUSION The study has shown that DNA sequencing of the ITS region may be useful in the preliminary identification of NTM species. All species identified in this study were potentially pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Mwikuma
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Geoffry Kwenda
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | | | - Edgar Simulundu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Trevor Kaile
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | | | - Seter Siziya
- School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
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Sasaki M, Orba Y, Ueno K, Ishii A, Moonga L, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Ito K, Sawa H. Metagenomic analysis of the shrew enteric virome reveals novel viruses related to human stool-associated viruses. J Gen Virol 2014; 96:440-452. [PMID: 25381053 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.071209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrews are small insectivorous mammals that are distributed worldwide. Similar to rodents, shrews live on the ground and are commonly found near human residences. In this study, we investigated the enteric virome of wild shrews in the genus Crocidura using a sequence-independent viral metagenomics approach. A large portion of the shrew enteric virome was composed of insect viruses, whilst novel viruses including cyclovirus, picornavirus and picorna-like virus were also identified. Several cycloviruses, including variants of human cycloviruses detected in cerebrospinal fluid and stools, were detected in wild shrews at a high prevalence rate. The identified picornavirus was distantly related to human parechovirus, inferring the presence of a new genus in this family. The identified picorna-like viruses were characterized as different species of calhevirus 1, which was discovered previously in human stools. Complete or nearly complete genome sequences of these novel viruses were determined in this study and then were subjected to further genetic characterization. Our study provides an initial view of the diversity and distinctiveness of the shrew enteric virome and highlights unique novel viruses related to human stool-associated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueno
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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Nakayima J, Hayashida K, Nakao R, Ishii A, Ogawa H, Nakamura I, Moonga L, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Thomas Y, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sugimoto C. Detection and characterization of zoonotic pathogens of free-ranging non-human primates from Zambia. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:490. [PMID: 25358853 PMCID: PMC4221724 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wildlife may harbor infectious pathogens that are of zoonotic concern acting as a reservoir of diseases transmissible to humans and domestic animals. This is due to human-wildlife conflicts that have become more frequent and severe over recent decades, competition for the available natural habitats and resources leading to increased human encroachment on previously wild and uninhabited areas. Methods A total of 88 spleen DNA samples from baboons and vervet monkeys from Zambia were tested for zoonotic pathogens using genus or species-specific PCR. The amplified products were then subjected to sequencing analysis. Results We detected three different pathogenic agents, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum in 12 samples (13.6%), Rickettsia spp. in 35 samples (39.8%) and Babesia spp. in 2 samples (2.3%). Conclusion The continuously increasing contacts between humans and primate populations raise concerns about transmission of pathogens between these groups. Therefore, increased medical and public awareness and public health surveillance support will be required to detect and control infections caused by these agents at the interface between humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesca Nakayima
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan. .,National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), P.O. Box 96, Tororo, Uganda.
| | - Kyoko Hayashida
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Yuka Thomas
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
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Orba Y, Sasaki M, Yamaguchi H, Ishii A, Thomas Y, Ogawa H, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Morikawa S, Saijo M, Sawa H. Orthopoxvirus infection among wildlife in Zambia. J Gen Virol 2014; 96:390-394. [PMID: 25319753 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.070219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus, an orthopoxvirus (OPXV). The majority of human monkeypox cases have been reported in moist forested regions in West and Central Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In this study we investigated zoonotic OPXV infection among wild animals in Zambia, which shares a border with DRC, to assess the geographical distribution of OPXV. We screened for OPXV antibodies in sera from non-human primates (NHPs), rodents and shrews by ELISA, and performed real-time PCR to detect OPXV DNA in spleen samples. Serological analysis indicated that 38 of 259 (14.7 %) rodents, 14 of 42 (33.3 %) shrews and 4 of 188 (2.1 %) NHPs had antibodies against OPXV. The OPXV DNA could not be detected in spleens from any animals tested. Our results indicated that wild animals living in rural human habitation areas of Zambia have been infected with OPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yuka Thomas
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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Hang'ombe BM, Ziwa M, Haule M, Nakamura I, Samui KL, Kaile D, Mweene AS, Kilonzo BS, Lyamuya EF, Matee M, Sugimoto C, Sawa H, Wren BW. Surveillance and diagnosis of plague and anthrax in Tanzania and Zambia. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2014; 81:722. [PMID: 28235266 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v81i2.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B M Hang'ombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia.
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Sasaki M, Ishii A, Orba Y, Thomas Y, Hang'ombe BM, Moonga L, Mweene AS, Ogawa H, Nakamura I, Kimura T, Sawa H. Human parainfluenza virus type 3 in wild nonhuman primates, Zambia. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19. [PMID: 23968816 PMCID: PMC3810902 DOI: 10.3201/eid1909.121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) genome was detected in 4 baboons in Zambia. Antibody for HPIV3 was detected in 13 baboons and 6 vervet monkeys in 2 distinct areas in Zambia. Our findings suggest that wild nonhuman primates are susceptible to HPIV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, West 10 North 20, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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Pandey GS, Hang'ombe BM, Mushabati F, Kataba A. Prevalence of tuberculosis among southern Zambian cattle and isolation of Mycobacterium bovis in raw milk obtained from tuberculin positive cows. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.986-991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Ziwa MH, Matee MI, Hang'ombe BM, Lyamuya EF, Kilonzo BS. Plague in Tanzania: an overview. Tanzan J Health Res 2013; 15:252-258. [PMID: 26591701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human plague remains a public health concern in Tanzania despite its quiescence in most foci for years, considering the recurrence nature of the disease. Despite the long-standing history of this problem, there have not been recent reviews of the current knowledge on plague in Tanzania. This work aimed at providing a current overview of plague in Tanzania in terms of its introduction, potential reservoirs, possible causes of plague persistence and repeated outbreaks in the country. Plague is believed to have been introduced to Tanzania from the Middle East through Uganda with the first authentication in 1886. Xenopsylla brasiliensis, X. cheopis, Dinopsyllus lypusus, and Pulex irritans are among potential vectors while Lophuromys spp, Praomys delectorum, Graphiurus murinus, Lemniscomys striatus, Mastomys natalensis, and Rattus rattus may be the potential reservoirs. Plague persistence and repeated outbreaks in Tanzania are likely to be attributable to a complexity of factors including cultural, socio-economical, environmental and biological. Minimizing or preventing people's proximity to rodents is probably the most effective means of preventing plague outbreaks in humans in the future. In conclusion, much has been done on plague diagnosis in Tanzania. However, in order to achieve new insights into the features of plague epidemiology in the country, and to reorganize an effective control strategy, we recommend broader studies that will include the ecology of the pathogen, vectors and potential hosts, identifying the reservoirs, dynamics of infection and landscape ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ziwa
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Haule M, Lyamuya EF, Matee MI, Kilonzo BS, Hang'ombe BM. Factors associated with flea infestation among the different rodent species in Mbulu and Karatu districts, northern Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res 2013; 15:165-70. [PMID: 26591705 DOI: 10.4314/thrb.v15i3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flea infection with the bacterium, Yersinia pestis is acquired from reservoirs which include several rodents and other small mammals. In areas that are endemic of plague, reservoirs of Y. pestis and various flea vectors are responsible for perpetuating existence of the disease. The objective of this cross sectional study was to investigate the magnitude and factors associated with flea infestation among different rodent species of northern Tanzania, where outbreaks of plague have been recently reported. House rodents were trapped with box traps, while field and forest rodents were trapped with Sherman live traps. Fleas were removed from the rodents by using shoe-shining brush and were identified to genus level. Among the captured rodents, Rattus rattus (26.5%), Lophuromys flavopunctatus (16.5%), Praomys delectorum (16.2%) and Mastomys natalensis (32.3%) were most abundant rodent species, accounting for 91% of all species. Altogether, 805 fleas belonging to nine species were collected from 61% of the captured rodents. The most common fleas were Xenopsylla spp.; Dinopsyllus spp and Ctenophthalmus spp. Fleas were found to be highly abundant in M. natalensis, R. rattus, P. delectorum and L .flavopunctatus. Most of rodents were heavily infested with various flea species. These flea species probably play an important role in the transmission of plague in these two districts. We conclude that rodent species was the most important risk factor associating with flea infestation among the rodent population. Therefore, measures for control and prevention of plague in this area should particularly target rodents associated with high intensity of flea infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haule
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Chikerema SM, Pfukenyi DM, Hang'ombe BM, L'Abee-Lund TM, Matope G. Isolation of Bacillus anthracis from soil in selected high-risk areas of Zimbabwe. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:1389-95. [PMID: 22984812 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate Bacillus anthracis from cattle carcass burial sites from high-risk districts in Zimbabwe. METHODS AND RESULTS Soil samples were collected from carcass burial sites from seven areas, including two national game parks. Samples were collected from top 5-10 cm, and for spore extraction, 25 g of soil was suspended in sterile distilled water overnight. Supernatants were filtered through 0.45-μm pore cellulose nitrate, deposits suspended in 5 ml phosphate-buffered saline, aliquoted and heated at temperature regimen of 65, 70, 75 and 80 °C for 15 min. Samples were plated onto PLET agar. B. anthracis isolates were identified using growth morphology and PCR detecting pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids. From samples heated at 75 °C for 15 min, B. anthracis were isolated from 9 of 81 (11.1%) soil samples representing five of the seven sampled areas. CONCLUSIONS We isolated B. anthracis from soil collected from carcass burial sites. PCR targeting virulence plasmids provided a rapid confirmation of B. anthracis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The positive isolation indicated that some carcass burial sites may retain viable spores for at least 12 months after the previous outbreak, which suggests that they may be important sources of B. anthracis and new disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Chikerema
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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50
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Ishii A, Thomas Y, Moonga L, Nakamura I, Ohnuma A, Hang'ombe BM, Takada A, Mweene AS, Sawa H. Molecular surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of Old World arenaviruses in Zambia. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2247-2251. [PMID: 22815269 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.044099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to survey arenaviruses in the Republic of Zambia, we captured 335 rodents from three cities between 2010 and 2011. Eighteen Luna virus (LUNV) and one lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-related virus RNAs were detected by one-step RT-PCR from Mastomys natalensis and Mus minutoides, respectively. Four LUNV strains and one LCMV-related virus were isolated, and the whole genome nucleotide sequence was determined by pyrosequencing. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the LUNV clade consists of two branches that are distinguished by geographical location and that the LCMV-related virus belongs to the LCMV clade, but diverges from the typical LCMVs. Comparison of nucleoprotein amino acid sequences indicated that the LCMV-related virus could be designated a novel arenavirus, which was tentatively named as the Lunk virus. Amino acid sequences of the GP, NP, Z and L proteins showed poor similarity among the three Zambian arenavirus strains, i.e. Luna, Lunk and Lujo virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishii
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka province, Zambia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuka Thomas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka province, Zambia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ladslav Moonga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka province, Zambia
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka province, Zambia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aiko Ohnuma
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka province, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka province, Zambia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka province, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Lusaka province, Zambia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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