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Balogh A, Reiniger L, Hetey S, Kiraly P, Toth E, Karaszi K, Juhasz K, Gelencser Z, Zvara A, Szilagyi A, Puskas LG, Matko J, Papp Z, Kovalszky I, Juhasz C, Than NG. Decreased Expression of ZNF554 in Gliomas is Associated with the Activation of Tumor Pathways and Shorter Patient Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5762. [PMID: 32796700 PMCID: PMC7461028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 554 (ZNF554), a member of the Krüppel-associated box domain zinc finger protein subfamily, is predominantly expressed in the brain and placenta in humans. Recently, we unveiled that ZNF554 regulates trophoblast invasion during placentation and its decreased expression leads to the early pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Since ZNF proteins are immensely implicated in the development of several tumors including malignant tumors of the brain, here we explored the pathological role of ZNF554 in gliomas. We examined the expression of ZNF554 at mRNA and protein levels in normal brain and gliomas, and then we searched for genome-wide transcriptomic changes in U87 glioblastoma cells transiently overexpressing ZNF554. Immunohistochemistry of brain tissues in our cohort (n = 62) and analysis of large TCGA RNA-Seq data (n = 687) of control, oligodendroglioma, and astrocytoma tissues both revealed decreased expression of ZNF554 towards higher glioma grades. Furthermore, low ZNF554 expression was associated with shorter survival of grade III and IV astrocytoma patients. Overexpression of ZNF554 in U87 cells resulted in differential expression, mostly downregulation of 899 genes. The "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway", known to be activated during glioma development, was the most impacted among 116 dysregulated pathways. Most affected pathways were cancer-related and/or immune-related. Congruently, cell proliferation was decreased and cell cycle was arrested in ZNF554-transfected glioma cells. These data collectively suggest that ZNF554 is a potential tumor suppressor and its decreased expression may lead to the loss of oncogene suppression, activation of tumor pathways, and shorter survival of patients with malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Lilla Reiniger
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Szabolcs Hetey
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Peter Kiraly
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Eszter Toth
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Katalin Karaszi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Kata Juhasz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Zsolt Gelencser
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnes Zvara
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.Z.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Andras Szilagyi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Laszlo G. Puskas
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.Z.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Janos Matko
- Department of Immunology, Eotvos Lorand University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Csaba Juhasz
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (I.K.)
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary;
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Sasmita AO, Wong YP, Ling APK. Biomarkers and therapeutic advances in glioblastoma multiforme. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 14:40-51. [PMID: 28840962 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumor within the brain. Generally classified as primary and secondary with several different subtypes, ample molecular biomarkers have risen throughout the years which have garnered the attention of researchers. The advancements in genomics and proteomics have allowed researchers to gather prominent molecular biomarkers. All these biomarkers are gathered by means of biopsy or bodily fluid sample collection and are quantitatively analyzed by polymerase chain reaction coupled with other computational technologies. This review highlights the significance, regulation and prevalence of molecular biomarkers such as O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, epidermal growth factor receptor vIII, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and several others which expressed differently in different types and molecular subtypes of GBM. The discoveries and roles of GBM-specific microRNAs including miR-21 and miR-10b as biomarkers with promising prognostic values were also delineated. The role and mechanism of biomarkers in GBM tumorigenesis are essential in the development of therapy for patients suffering from the disease itself. Thus, this review also discusses the mechanisms, effects and limitations of therapy such as temozolomide, viral gene transfer, biomarker-based vaccines or even engineered T cells for more specific responses. Biomarkers have displayed a high value and could eventually be utilized as drug targets. It is hoped that by combining different aspects of the disease which present with different biomarkers could lead to the development of a robust, effective and innovative take on GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Octavian Sasmita
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ying Pei Wong
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Okura H, Smith CA, Rutka JT. Gene therapy for malignant glioma. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:21. [PMID: 26056588 PMCID: PMC4451964 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and devastating primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of GBM are likely due to the resistance of glioma stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for patients with GBM. Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of GBM has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. Tumor development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for GBM have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against GBM are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of GBM in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and tumor suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Okura
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Christian A Smith
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5 Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 1503, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
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Okura H, Smith CA, Rutka JT. Gene therapy for malignant glioma. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:21. [PMID: 26056588 PMCID: PMC4451964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and devastating primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of GBM are likely due to the resistance of glioma stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for patients with GBM. Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of GBM has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. Tumor development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for GBM have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against GBM are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of GBM in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and tumor suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Okura
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Christian A Smith
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- />The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- />Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5 Canada
- />Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 1503, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
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Kwiatkowska A, Nandhu MS, Behera P, Chiocca EA, Viapiano MS. Strategies in gene therapy for glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1271-305. [PMID: 24202446 PMCID: PMC3875940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, with a dismal prognosis and extremely low percentage of survivors. Novel therapies are in dire need to improve the clinical management of these tumors and extend patient survival. Genetic therapies for GBM have been postulated and attempted for the past twenty years, with variable degrees of success in pre-clinical models and clinical trials. Here we review the most common approaches to treat GBM by gene therapy, including strategies to deliver tumor-suppressor genes, suicide genes, immunomodulatory cytokines to improve immune response, and conditionally-replicating oncolytic viruses. The review focuses on the strategies used for gene delivery, including the most common and widely used vehicles (i.e., replicating and non-replicating viruses) as well as novel therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-mediated therapy and nanotechnologies used for gene delivery. We present an overview of these strategies, their targets, different advantages, and challenges for success. Finally, we discuss the potential of gene therapy-based strategies to effectively attack such a complex genetic target as GBM, alone or in combination with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kwiatkowska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bian J, Wang X, Yun J, Cao R, Cao Y, Liang J, Ma BF. Single-fraction γ-60Co radiation induces apoptosis in cultured rat C6 cells. Ann Saudi Med 2012; 32:269-75. [PMID: 22588438 PMCID: PMC6081030 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2012.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Radiotherapy is frequently applied in the treatment of malignant gliomas, but it is unclear if radiotherapy exerts its effects via induction of apoptosis. The present study was designed to determine whether a single-fraction γ-60Co radiation can induce apoptosis. DESIGN AND SETTING In vitro cytological controlled study performed at a military medical university from October 2006 to June 2008. METHODS C6 cells were treated with a single fraction of ?-60Co radiation at various doses (0, 4, 16, and 64 Gy). The 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, apoptosis assays using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate /propidium iodide or Hoechst 33258 staining, and the cell cycle assay were performed, and the expression of p53 and p21 proteins was evaluated. RESULTS The C6 cell numbers in the 16 Gy and 64 Gy groups were much lower than in the control group at 48, 96, and 144 hours after irradiation. The irradiated cells underwent apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Irradiation also impacted cell cycle progression, arresting cells in the G1 phase. The p53 protein expression was shown in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of irradiated cells, whereas p53 was only expressed in the nucleus of control (untreated) cells. The p21 protein was expressed in irradiated cells but not in control cells. CONCLUSIONS Single-fraction ?-60Co radiation inhibited C6 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and G1 arrest, which correlated with the up-regulation of the p53-p21 pathway. The extent of apoptosis and G1 arrest was positively correlated with the dose of radiation. Better understanding of apoptosis induced by radiation therapy will help design optimal dosing schedules for radiation therapy, especially in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Bian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Guo H, Choudhury Y, Yang J, Chen C, Tay FC, Lim TM, Wang S. Antiglioma effects of combined use of a baculovirual vector expressing wild-type p53 and sodium butyrate. J Gene Med 2010; 13:26-36. [PMID: 21259406 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination therapy is usually desirable for successful cancer treatment, especially in cancers that are resistant to single forms of therapy. METHODS To achieve an optimal therapeutic effect against glioblastoma, we tested a strategy that combines baculovirus-mediated transfer of the p53 tumor suppressor gene with the use of sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. This strategy was designed based on the findings that the transduction efficiency of baculovirus in mammalian cells can be markedly enhanced by the addition of histone deacetylase inhibitors and that these inhibitors are effective in inducing cell cycle arrest, differentiation, or apoptosis in tumor cells. RESULTS We observed a synergistic effect of the combination of the two treatments in provoking apoptosis in glioblastoma cells with mutant p53. In a mouse glioma xenograft model, the tumor inhibitory effect of baculovirus-expressed p53 was significantly enhanced by co-administration of sodium butyrate. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a new approach to treat glioblastoma using baculovirus-mediated gene transfer in combination with administration of histone deacetylase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Guo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
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Ulasov IV, Tyler MA, Han Y, Glasgow JN, Lesniak MS. Novel recombinant adenoviral vector that targets the interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain permits effective gene transfer to malignant glioma. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:118-29. [PMID: 17328684 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transduction of malignant glioma with adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors is limited by the low levels of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on tumor cells. However, malignant brain tumors have been found to overexpress a glioma-associated receptor, interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain (IL-13Ralpha2), a marker of both glial transformation and tumor grade. To selectively target Ad5 to IL-13Ralpha2, we constructed a replication-deficient adenoviral vector that possesses an IL-13 ligand presented by a T4 phage fibritin shaft, and designated the new virus LU-13. Western blot and sequence analyses confirmed proper trimerization and ligand presentation by the T4 fibritin shaft. Confocal microscopy analysis of primary glioma suspensions incubated with viral recombinants showed that LU-13 colocalized with IL-13Ralpha2. Luciferase transduction assays conducted in both primary and passaged glioma cell cultures exhibited at least 10-fold enhanced gene transduction. Moreover, the virus preferentially bound to glioma cells, as documented by increased adenoviral E4 DNA copy number. In vitro competition assays performed with anti-human IL-13 monoclonal antibody confirmed significant attenuation of LU-13 transduction. These results were further confirmed in vivo, where LU-13 showed a 300-fold increase in transgene expression. In summary, we describe here the development of a novel and targeted adenoviral vector that binds IL-13Ralpha2. Our findings confirm the ability of LU-13 to bind IL-13Ralpha2 and increase transgene expression, making it an attractive gene therapy vector for the treatment of malignant glioma in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Rubinchik S, Yu H, Woraratanadharm J, Voelkel-Johnson C, Norris JS, Dong JY. Enhanced apoptosis of glioma cell lines is achieved by co-delivering FasL-GFP and TRAIL with a complex Ad5 vector. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 10:814-22. [PMID: 14605667 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors (BTs) are among the most malignant forms of human cancer. Unfortunately, current treatments are often ineffective and produce severe side effects. Cytotoxic gene therapy is an alternative treatment strategy, with the potential advantages of reduced toxicity to normal brain tissue. Apoptosis-inducing "death ligands" Fas ligand and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) are genes with substantial cytotoxic activity in susceptible tumor cells. Here, we compared the effectiveness of Ad vector-mediated delivery of Fas ligand-green fluorescent protein (FasL-GFP) fusion protein, human TRAIL, and both genes simultaneously. We examined a panel of 13 cell lines (eight derived from primary isolates) for susceptibility to Ad5-based vector infection and for sensitivity to FasL- and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. All cell lines were efficiently transduced, but, as expected, varied in their sensitivity to ligand-induced apoptosis. Generally, sensitivity to FasL-GFP correlated with cell surface FasR levels, but no such correlation was seen for TRAIL and its functional receptors, DR4 and DR5. The vector expressing both FasL-GFP and TRAIL was more effective than either of the single-gene vectors at comparable transduction levels, and it was effective against a broader range of cell lines. In five cell lines, coexpression resulted in apoptosis levels greater than those predicted for strictly additive activity of the two death ligands. We believe that Ad vector-mediated delivery of multiple death ligands may be developed as a potential BT therapy, either alone or in conjunction with surgical resection of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semyon Rubinchik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 201, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
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Su ZZ, Lebedeva IV, Sarkar D, Gopalkrishnan RV, Sauane M, Sigmon C, Yacoub A, Valerie K, Dent P, Fisher PB. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7, mda-7/IL-24, selectively induces growth suppression, apoptosis and radiosensitization in malignant gliomas in a p53-independent manner. Oncogene 2003; 22:1164-80. [PMID: 12606943 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are extremely aggressive cancers currently lacking effective treatment modalities. Gene therapy represents a promising approach for this disease. A requisite component for improving gene-based therapies of brain cancer includes tumor suppressor genes that exhibit cancer constrained inhibitory activity. Subtraction hybridization identified melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7) as a gene associated with melanoma cell growth, differentiation and progression. Ectopic expression of mda-7 by means of a replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad), Ad.mda-7, induces growth suppression and apoptosis selectively in diverse human cancers, without producing any apparent harmful effect in normal cells. We presently demonstrate that Ad.mda-7 induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in malignant human gliomas expressing both mutant and wild-type p53, and these effects correlate with an elevation in expression of members of the growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD) gene family. In contrast, infection with a recombinant Ad expressing wild-type p53, Ad.wtp53, specifically affects mutant p53 expressing gliomas. When tested in early passage normal and immortal human fetal astrocytes, growth inhibition resulting from infection with Ad.mda-7 or Ad.wtp53 is significantly less than in malignant gliomas and no toxicity is evident in these normal cells. Moreover, infection of gliomas with Ad.mda-7 or treatment with purified GST-MDA-7 protein sensitizes both wild-type and mutant p53 expressing tumor cells to the growth inhibitory and antisurvival effects of ionizing radiation, and this response correlates with increased expression of specific members of the GADD gene family. Since heterogeneity in p53 expression is common in evolving gliomas, the present findings suggest that Ad.mda-7 may, in many instances, prove more beneficial for the gene-based therapy of malignant gliomas than administration of wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Zhong Su
- Department of Pathology, Columbia university, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York , NY 10032, USA
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Rubinchik S, Wang D, Yu H, Fan F, Luo M, Norris JS, Dong JY. A complex adenovirus vector that delivers FASL-GFP with combined prostate-specific and tetracycline-regulated expression. Mol Ther 2001; 4:416-26. [PMID: 11708878 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2001.0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-type-restricted transgene expression delivered by adenovirus vectors is highly desirable for gene therapy of cancer, as it can limit cytotoxic gene expression to tumor cells. However, many tumor- and tissue-specific promoters are weaker than the constitutively active promoters and are thus less effective. To combine cell-type specificity with high-level regulated transgene expression, we have developed a complex adenoviral vector. We have placed the tetracycline transactivator gene under the control of a prostate-specific ARR2PB promoter, and a mouse Tnfsf6 (encoding FASL)-GFP fusion gene under the control of the tetracycline responsive promoter. We have incorporated both expression cassettes into a single construct. We show that FASL-GFP expression from this vector is essentially restricted to prostate cancer cells, in which it can be regulated by doxycycline. Higher levels of prostate-specific FASL-GFP expression were generated by this approach than by driving the FASL-GFP expression directly with ARR2PB. More FASL-GFP expression correlated with greater induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Mouse studies confirmed that systemic delivery of both the prostate-specific and the prostate-specific/tet-regulated vectors was well tolerated at doses that were lethal for FASL-GFP vector with CMV promoter. This strategy should be able to improve the safety and efficacy of cancer gene therapy using other cytotoxic genes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rubinchik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charlestown, SC 29403, USA
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