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Llamosas-Falcón L, Probst C, Buckley C, Jiang H, Lasserre AM, Puka K, Tran A, Zhu Y, Rehm J. How does alcohol use impact morbidity and mortality of liver cirrhosis? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:216-224. [PMID: 37684424 PMCID: PMC10920389 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is the most important risk factor responsible for the disease burden of liver cirrhosis (LC). Estimates of risk relationships available usually neither distinguish between different causes such as alcohol-related LC or hepatitis-related LC, nor differentiate between morbidity and mortality as outcome. We aimed to address this research gap and identify dose-response relationships between alcohol consumption and LC, by cause and outcome. METHODS A systematic review using PubMed/Medline and Embase was conducted, identifying studies that reported an association between level of alcohol use and LC. Meta-regression models were used to estimate the dose-response relationships and control for heterogeneity. RESULTS Totally, 44 studies, and 1 secondary data source, with a total of 5,122,534 participants and 15,150 cases were included. Non-linear dose-response relationships were identified, attenuated for higher levels of consumption. For morbidity, drinking 25 g/day was associated with a RR of 1.81 (95% CI 1.68-1.94) compared to lifetime abstention; 50 g/day and 100 g/day corresponded to 3.54 (95% CI 3.29-3.81) and 8.15 (95% CI 7.46-8.91), respectively. For mortality, for 25 g/day, a RR of 2.65 (95% CI 2.22-3.16); for 50 g/day, a RR of 6.83 (95% CI 5.84-7.97); for 100 g/day, a RR of 16.38 (95% CI 13.81-19.42) were identified. A higher risk for alcohol-related and all-cause LC as compared to hepatitis C-related LC was found. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated higher acceleration for mortality compared to morbidity. The current findings will inform the way we quantify the burden due to LC attributable to alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llamosas-Falcón
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Charlotte Probst
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Huan Jiang
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Aurélie M Lasserre
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 23, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klajdi Puka
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, 1465 Richmond St, London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Alexander Tran
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Yachen Zhu
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound St #450 Emeryville, California, 94608, USA
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P8, Canada
- Program On Substance Abuse & WHO CC, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, 81-95 Roc Boronat St. 8005, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Kim KY, Hong KW, Kim BT. Reply. Hepatology 2022; 76:E126. [PMID: 35862292 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Yoon Kim
- Department of Family Practice & Community HealthAjou University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- Healthcare R&D DivisionTheragen Bio Co. Ltd.SuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Bom Taeck Kim
- Department of Family Practice & Community HealthAjou University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
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3
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Im PK, Millwood IY, Kartsonaki C, Guo Y, Chen Y, Turnbull I, Yu C, Du H, Pei P, Lv J, Walters RG, Li L, Yang L, Chen Z. Alcohol drinking and risks of liver cancer and non-neoplastic chronic liver diseases in China: a 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million adults. BMC Med 2021; 19:216. [PMID: 34530818 PMCID: PMC8447782 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for hepatic neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Questions remain, however, about the relevance to disease risk of drinking patterns and alcohol tolerability, which differ appreciably between Chinese and Western populations. METHODS The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank included 512,715 adults (41% men) aged 30-79 years recruited from ten areas during 2004-2008, recording alcohol intake, drinking patterns, and other characteristics. After median 10 years' follow-up, 2531 incident liver cancer, 2040 liver cirrhosis, 260 alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and 1262 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases were recorded among 492,643 participants without prior cancer or chronic liver disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) relating alcohol intake and drinking patterns to each disease. RESULTS Overall, 33% of men and 2% of women drank alcohol regularly (i.e. at least weekly) at baseline. Among male current regular drinkers, alcohol consumption showed positive dose-response associations with risks of several major chronic liver diseases, with HRs per 280 g/week (i.e. around four drinks/day) higher usual alcohol intake of 1.44 (95% CI 1.23-1.69) for liver cancer (n = 547), 1.83 (1.60-2.09) for liver cirrhosis (n = 388), 2.01 (1.77-2.28) for ALD (n = 200), 1.71 (1.35-2.16) for NAFLD (n = 198), and 1.52 (1.40-1.64) for total liver disease (n = 1775). The association with ALD appeared stronger among men reporting flushing (i.e., with low alcohol tolerance). After adjustment for the total amount of weekly alcohol consumption, daily drinkers had significantly increased risk of ALD (2.15, 1.40-3.31) compared with non-daily drinkers, and drinking without meals was associated with significantly greater risks of liver cancer (1.32, 1.01-1.72), liver cirrhosis (1.37, 1.02-1.85), and ALD (1.60, 1.09-2.33) compared with drinking with meals. Female current regular drinkers had significantly higher risk of ALD, but not other liver diseases, than female abstainers. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese men, alcohol intake was associated with significantly increased risks of several major chronic liver diseases, and certain drinking patterns (e.g. drinking daily, drinking without meals) may further exacerbate the disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pek Kei Im
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Iain Turnbull
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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4
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Yang JH, Kweon SS, Lee YH, Choi SW, Ryu SY, Nam HS, Park KS, Kim HY, Shin MH. Association between Alcohol Consumption and Serum Cortisol Levels: a Mendelian Randomization Study. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e195. [PMID: 34342185 PMCID: PMC8329388 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported conflicting results regarding the relationship between alcohol consumption and cortisol levels. However, the causality between alcohol consumption and cortisol levels has not been evaluated. METHODS This study examined 8,922 participants from the Dong-gu Study. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphism was used as an instrumental variable for alcohol consumption. The association between the genetically predicted alcohol consumption and cortisol level was evaluated with Mendelian randomization (MR) using two-stage least squares regression. RESULTS Alcohol consumption was positively associated with the serum cortisol level in both sexes in the observational analysis. In the MR analysis, the genetically predicted alcohol consumption was positively related to the cortisol level in men, with cortisol levels increasing by 0.18 μg/dL per drink per day. However, there was no relationship in women in the MR analysis. CONCLUSION The predicted alcohol consumption according to the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism was positively related to the cortisol levels, suggesting a causal relationship between alcohol consumption and cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sun Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - So Yeon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Soo Park
- Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Mokpo Jung-Ang Hospital, Mokpo, Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Kim
- Gwangju-Jeonnam Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
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5
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Wang Q, Chang B, Li X, Zou Z. Role of ALDH2 in Hepatic Disorders: Gene Polymorphism and Disease Pathogenesis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:90-98. [PMID: 33604259 PMCID: PMC7868706 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme of alcohol metabolism and it is involved in the cellular mechanism of alcohol liver disease. ALDH2 gene mutations exist in about 8% of the world's population, with the incidence reaching 45% in East Asia. The mutations will result in impairment of enzyme activity and accumulation of acetaldehyde, facilitating the progression of other liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, through adduct formation and inflammatory responses. In this review, we seek to summarize recent research progress on the correlation between ALDH2 gene polymorphism and multiple liver diseases, with an attempt to provide clues for better understanding of the disease mechanism and for strategy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Wang
- Peking University, 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Binxia Chang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- Peking University, 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Zhengsheng Zou, The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Infectious Liver Disease, The General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army No. 5 Medical Science Center, No. 100 Xisihuan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China. E-mail:
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6
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Wang W, Wang C, Xu H, Gao Y. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Liver Disease and Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:921-934. [PMID: 32140062 PMCID: PMC7053332 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.42300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the key enzyme responsible for metabolism of the alcohol metabolite acetaldehyde in the liver. In addition to conversion of the acetaldehyde molecule, ALDH is also involved in other cellular functions. Recently, many studies have investigated the involvement of ALDH expression in viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. Notably, ALDH2 expression has been linked with liver cancer risk, as well as pathogenesis and prognosis, and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Of note, approximately 8% of the world's population, and approximately 30-40% of the population in East Asia carry an inactive ALDH2 gene. This review summarizes new progress in understanding tissue-specific acetaldehyde metabolism by ALDH2 as well as the association of ALDH2 gene polymorphisms with liver disease and cancer. New research directions emerging in the field are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hongxin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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7
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Polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) genes in patients with cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOMEDICA 2018; 38:555-568. [PMID: 30653870 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i4.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is alcohol consumption: Studies in different populations suggest that the risk of liver disease could be associated with genetic variants of the enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and cytochrome P450 CYP2E1.
Objective: To identify and characterize the allelic variants of ADH1B, ADH1C and CYP2E1 genes in Colombian patients with cirrhosis and/or HCC.
Materials and methods: We included samples from patients attending the hepatology unit between 2005-2007 and 2014-2016 of a hospital in Medellin. Samples were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. We compared the results with two control groups and the 1000 Genomes Project database.
Results: We collected 97 samples from patients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis and/or HCC. The two main risk factors were chronic alcohol consumption (18.6%) and cholangiopathies (17.5%). The most frequent genotypes in the study population were ADH1B*1/1 (82%), ADH1C*1/1 (59%), and CYP2E1*C/C (84%).
Conclusions: This first study of polymorphisms in Colombian patients diagnosed with cirrhosis and/or HCC showed genotypes ADH1B*1/1, ADH1C*1/1 and CYP2E1*C/C as the most frequent. We found no significant differences in the genotype frequency between cases and controls. Further studies are necessary to explore the association between polymorphisms and the risk of end-stage liver disease from alcohol consumption.
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Ma X, Luo Q, Zhu H, Liu X, Dong Z, Zhang K, Zou Y, Wu J, Ge J, Sun A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation ameliorates CCl 4 -induced chronic liver fibrosis in mice by up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3965-3978. [PMID: 29799157 PMCID: PMC6050510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is critical in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. However, the effect of ALHD2 on liver fibrosis remains to be further elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate whether ALDH2 regulates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis and to investigate the efficacy of Alda‐1, a specific activator of ALDH2, on attenuating liver fibrosis. ALDH2 expression was increased after chronic CCl4 exposure. ALDH2 deficiency accentuated CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in mice, accompanied by increased expression of collagen 1α1, α‐SMA and TIMP‐1. Moreover, ALDH2 knockout triggered more ROS generation, hepatocyte apoptosis and impaired mitophagy after CCl4 treatment. In cultured HSC‐T6 cells, ALDH2 knockdown by transfecting with lentivirus vector increased ROS generation and α‐SMA expression in an in vitro hepatocyte fibrosis model using TGF‐β1. ALDH2 overexpression by lentivirus or activation by Alda‐1 administration partly reversed the effect of TGF‐β1, whereas ALDH2 knockdown totally blocked the protective effect of Alda‐1. Furthermore, Alda‐1 administration protected against liver fibrosis in vivo, which might be mediated through up‐regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 cascade and activation of Parkin‐related mitophagy. These findings indicate that ALDH2 deficiency aggravated CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis through ROS overproduction, increased apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, whereas ALDH2 activation through Alda‐1 administration alleviated hepatic fibrosis partly through activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway and Parkin‐related mitophagy, which indicate ALDH2 as a promising anti‐fibrotic target and Alda‐1 as a potential therapeutic agent in treating CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mansoori AA, Jain SK. ADH1B, ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene Polymorphic Frequencies among Alcoholics and Controls in the Arcadian
Population of Central India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:725-731. [PMID: 29582627 PMCID: PMC5980848 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological research has highlighted the global burden of primary liver cancer cases due to
alcohol consumption, even in a low consumption country like India. Alcohol detoxification is governed by ADH1B,
ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes that encode functional enzymes which are coordinated with each other to remove
highly toxic metabolites i.e. acetaldehyde as well as reactive oxygen species generated through detoxification processes.
Some communities in the population appears to be at greater risk for development of the liver cancer due to genetic
predispositions. Methods: The aim of this study was to screen the arcadian population of central India in order to
investigate and compare the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of alcohol metabolizing genes (ADH1B,
ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1) in both alcoholic (N=121) and control (N=145) healthy subjects. The gene polymorphism
analysis was conducted using PCR and RFLP methods. Results: The allele frequency of ALDH2 *1 was 0.79 and of
ALDH2*2 was 0.21 (OR:1.12; CI (95%): 0.74-1.71). The null allele frequency for GSTM1 was 0.28 (OR:0.85; CI
(95%): 0.50-1.46) and for GSTT1 was 0.20 (OR:1.93; CI (95%): 1.05-3.55). No gene polymorphism for ADH1B was
not observed. The total prevalence of polymorphisms was 3.38% for ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1. Conclusion: The
results of this study suggested that individuals of the Central India population under study are at risk for liver disorders
due to ALDH2, GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms. This results may have significance for prevention of alcohol
dependence, alcoholic liver disorders and the likelihood of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Anvesh Mansoori
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470 003 M.P. India.
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10
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Shin MJ, Cho Y, Davey Smith G. Alcohol Consumption, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Cardiovascular Health in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:689-696. [PMID: 28540979 PMCID: PMC5447097 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.4.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a serious health issue in Korea in terms of the amount consumed and the behavior related to its consumption. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism that degrades acetaldehyde to nontoxic acetic acid. The enzyme is coded by the ALDH2 gene, which is commonly polymorphic in East Asian populations. A point mutation in the ALDH2 gene (the rs671 allele) yields an inactive form of ALDH2 that causes acetaldehyde accumulation in the body after alcohol consumption, thereby inhibiting normal alcohol metabolism. Individuals who are homozygous for polymorphism in ALDH2 tend to refrain from drinking alcohol, decreasing their chances of developing alcoholism and exposure to the associated risks. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption predicted by ALDH2 genotype is causally related to cardiovascular risks. Moreover, recent MR studies suggest that the ALDH2 variant has mechanistic effects on some disease outcomes or mortality through increased blood levels of acetaldehyde, showing differences therein between heterozygotes (ALDH2*2*2) and homozygotes (ALDH2*1*2) in those who consume alcohol. Accordingly, consideration of ALDH2 genotype in alcohol prevention programs is warranted. In conclusion, strategies that incorporate genetic information and provide an evidential basis from which to help people make informed decisions on alcohol consumption are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Ruan MT, Jin SZ, Liu ZS, Zhang FF, Zhang CW, Han MZ. Wuweizi protects against liver cirrhosis by promoting endogenous stem cell proliferation. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3373-3380. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i22.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanism for Wuweizi to treat liver cirrhosis.
METHODS: A rat model of liver cirrhosis was developed with CCl4. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: three treatment groups [small dose Wuweizi group (A1), middle dose group (A2) and high dose group (A3)], a blank group (C) and a model group (M). Except group C, liver cirrhosis was induced in all other groups. Groups A1, A2 and A3 were given 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/200 g Wuweizi, respectively. After treatment, histopathology, liver function [aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and albumin (ALB)], hepatic fibrosis, stem cell proliferation, and the expression ofCK-18, ALB and α-fetoprotein (AFP) were assessed.
RESULTS: In the treatment groups, there was an improvement in the degree of hepatic fibrosis and the condition of liver cell degeneration and necrosis, as revealed by HE staining and Masson staining, and the liver fibrosis scores were different among each treatment group (P < 0.05). Compared with group M, the liver fibrosis score of group A2 was improved most obviously (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expression of CK-18, ALB and AFP was different between each treatment group (P < 0.05). By labeling liver tissue stem cells with BrdU, the proliferation and division of stem cells were observed through the method of "regional coexistence". Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the expression of CK-18, ALB and AFP were different among each treatment group (P < 0.01), with group A2 having the most prominent expression (P < 0.01). Liver function was improved differently in each treatment group (P < 0.05). Compared with group M, AST and ALT were decreased most significantly and ALB increased most obviously in group A2 (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Wuweizi has a protective effect on injured liver cells. Wuweizi could delay the process of liver cirrhosis via mechanisms possibly related to promoting the proliferation of endogenous stem cells.
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