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English CJ, Lima PC. Defining the aetiology of amoebic diseases of aquatic animals: trends, hurdles and best practices. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 142:125-143. [PMID: 33269724 DOI: 10.3354/dao03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease caused by parasitic amoebae impacts a range of aquatic organisms including finfish, crustaceans, echinoderms and molluscs. Despite the significant economic impact caused in both aquaculture and fisheries, the aetiology of most aquatic amoebic diseases is uncertain, which then affects diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The main factors hampering research effort in this area are the confusion around amoeba taxonomy and the difficulty proving that a particular species causes specific lesions. These issues stem from morphological and genetic similarities between cryptic species and technical challenges such as establishing and maintaining pure amoeba cultures, scarcity of Amoebozoa sequence data, and the inability to trigger pathogenesis under experimental conditions. This review provides a critical analysis of how amoebae are commonly identified and defined as aetiological agents of disease in aquatic animals and highlights gaps in the available knowledge regarding determining pathogenic Amoebozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J English
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Livestock and Aquaculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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Luz Cunha AC, Pontinha VDA, de Castro MAM, Sühnel S, Medeiros SC, Moura da Luz ÂM, Harakava R, Tachibana L, Mello DF, Danielli NM, Dafre AL, Magalhães ARM, P Mouriño JL. Two epizootic Perkinsus spp. events in commercial oyster farms at Santa Catarina, Brazil. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:455-463. [PMID: 30659615 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perkinsus spp. have been detected in various bivalve species from north-east Brazil. Santa Catarina is a South Brasil state with the highest national oyster production. Considering the pathogenicity of some Perkinsus spp., a study was carried out to survey perkinsosis in two oyster species cultured in this State, the mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Sampling involved eight sites along the state coast, and oyster sampling was collected during the period between January 2013 and December 2014. For the detection of Perkinsus, Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM) and histology were used, and for the identification of the species, PCR and DNA sequencing were used. Perkinsus spp. was found by RFTM in C. gigas and C. gasar from São Francisco do Sul. This pathology was also detected in C. gasar from Balneário Barra do Sul both, by RFTM and histology. Perkinsus marinus was identified in C. gigas and C. gasar from São Francisco do Sul and Perkinsus beihaiensis in C. gasar from Balneário Barra do Sul. This is the first report of P. marinus in C. gigas from South America. Results of this preliminary study suggest that both oyster species tolerate the species of Perkinsus identified, without suffering heavy lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Luz Cunha
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vitor de A Pontinha
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Sühnel
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sthefanie C Medeiros
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ângela M Moura da Luz
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Harakava
- Biological Institute, Paulista Agency of Technology Agribusiness, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Tachibana
- Fishing Institute, Paulista Agency of Technology Agribusiness, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle F Mello
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Naissa M Danielli
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alcir L Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aimê R M Magalhães
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José Luiz P Mouriño
- Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Nowak BF, Archibald JM. Opportunistic but Lethal: The Mystery of Paramoebae. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:404-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Parasitic amoebae found in water bodies of Ukraine. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:81-84. [PMID: 29103901 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two parasitic amoebian species are found in mollusks of the water bodies of Ukraine. Vahlkampfia sp. is found in hepatopankreas of Unio conus Spengler, 1793, and Acanthamoeba sp. is observed in mantle cavity of Viviparus viviparus Linnaeus, 1758. For these protist species, the mollusks are shown to be intermediate hosts where amoebae feed and reproduce. An experimental infection with Vahlkampfia sp. and Acanthamoeba sp. was not successful, no pathological changes in mollusks were observed. These amoebae are successfully cultured in fresh water and agar medium, hence we can safely consider them free-living.
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Marteilia spp. parasites in bivalves: A revision of recent studies. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 131:43-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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