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Tain YL, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Hsu CN. Perinatal Use of Citrulline Rescues Hypertension in Adult Male Offspring Born to Pregnant Uremic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1612. [PMID: 38338891 PMCID: PMC10855562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing recognition of the association between maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) and fetal programming highlights the increased vulnerability of hypertension in offspring. Potential mechanisms involve oxidative stress, dysbiosis in gut microbiota, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Our prior investigation showed that the administration of adenine to pregnant rats resulted in the development of CKD, ultimately causing hypertension in their adult offspring. Citrulline, known for enhancing nitric oxide (NO) production and possessing antioxidant and antihypertensive properties, was explored for its potential to reverse high blood pressure (BP) in offspring born to CKD dams. Male rat offspring, both from normal and adenine-induced CKD models, were randomly assigned to four groups (8 animals each): (1) control, (2) CKD, (3) citrulline-treated control rats, and (4) citrulline-treated CKD rats. Citrulline supplementation successfully reversed elevated BP in male progeny born to uremic mothers. The protective effects of perinatal citrulline supplementation were linked to an enhanced NO pathway, decreased expression of renal (pro)renin receptor, and changes in gut microbiota composition. Citrulline supplementation led to a reduction in the abundance of Monoglobus and Streptococcus genera and an increase in Agothobacterium Butyriciproducens. Citrulline's ability to influence taxa associated with hypertension may be linked to its protective effects against maternal CKD-induced offspring hypertension. In conclusion, perinatal citrulline treatment increased NO availability and mitigated elevated BP in rat offspring from uremic mother rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Au AYM, Mantik K, Bahadory F, Stathakis P, Guiney H, Erlich J, Walker R, Poulton R, Horvath AR, Endre ZH. Plasma arginine metabolites in health and chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2767-2775. [PMID: 37230955 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) are risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. Using plasma cystatin C (pCYSC)-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories, we identified a cohort at high risk of poor kidney-related health outcomes amongst members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (DMHDS). We therefore examined associations between methylarginine metabolites and kidney function in this cohort. METHODS ADMA, SDMA, L-arginine and L-citrulline were measured in plasma samples from 45-year-olds in the DMHDS cohort by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS In a healthy DMHDS subset (n = 376), mean concentrations were: ADMA (0.40 ± 0.06 µmol/L), SDMA (0.42 ± 0.06 µmol/L), L-arginine (93.5 ± 23.1 µmol/L) and L-citrulline (24.0 ± 5.4 µmol/L). In the total cohort (n = 857), SDMA correlated positively with serum creatinine (Pearson's r = 0.55) and pCYSC (r = 0.55), and negatively with eGFR (r = 0.52). A separate cohort of 38 patients with stage 3-4 CKD (eGFR 15-60 mL/min/1.73 m2) confirmed significantly higher mean ADMA (0.61 ± 0.11 µmol/L), SDMA (0.65 ± 0.25 µmol/L) and L-citrulline (42.7 ± 11.8 µmol/L) concentrations. DMHDS members classified as high-risk of poor kidney health outcomes had significantly higher mean concentrations of all four metabolites compared with individuals not at risk. ADMA and SDMA individually predicted high-risk of poor kidney health outcomes with areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.83 and 0.84, and together with an AUC of 0.90. CONCLUSIONS Plasma methylarginine concentrations facilitate stratification for risk of CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y M Au
- Department of Nephrology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Mantik
- Department of Chemical Pathology, New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Forough Bahadory
- Department of Chemical Pathology, New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Stathakis
- Department of Chemical Pathology, New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayley Guiney
- Department of Psychology, Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Erlich
- Department of Nephrology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Walker
- Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Department of Psychology, Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Rita Horvath
- Department of Chemical Pathology, New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zoltan H Endre
- Department of Nephrology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Gao J, Akbari A, Wang T. Green tea could improve elderly hypertension by modulating arterial stiffness, the activity of the renin/angiotensin/aldosterone axis, and the sodium-potassium pumps in old male rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14398. [PMID: 36181277 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health problem common in the elderly people. Green tea is a popular beverage recommended in folk medicine for lowering blood pressure. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the antihypertensive effects of green tea are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effects of green tea on high-salt diet-induced hypertension in old male rats. Forty old male rats were divided into five groups: control, hypertensive, and hypertensive-green tea (2, 4, and 6 g/kg). Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured. Cardiac and renal histology were also performed. Lipid profile, NO, angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone were determined, and the expression of eNOS, ATIR and ATIIR, aldosterone receptor, and Atp1a1 were measured. Green tea could significantly decrease HR and SBP, lipid profiles, renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system activity, and Ang II signaling in kidney tissue of hypertensive rats (p < .01). It also increased Atp1a1, Nrf2, and eNOS expression along with antioxidant enzymes activity and NO concentration (p < .05) and decreased NF-ĸB and iNOS expression and IL-1β levels in the heart, kidneys, and aorta of rats with hypertension. It can be concluded that green tea can improve salt-induced blood pressure by modulating the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, enhancing the synthesis of nitric oxide in the endothelium, increasing antioxidant activity and suppressing inflammation in the heart and kidney, improving the expression of the sodium-potassium pump, and reduction in serum lipids and glucose in aged male rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study showed that green tea could improve hypertension in elderly rats by modulating (1) the expression of the sodium-potassium pump in the heart, kidney, and aortic tissues, (2) the activity of the renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system in kidney, (3) enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the heart, aorta, and kidneys, (4) enhancing the synthesis of nitric oxide in the endothelium, and (5) lowering lipid profile. The results of these studies show that the consumption of green tea and its products can be a good candidate for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension in the elderly. In addition, attention to its bioactive compounds can be considered by researchers as an independent therapeutic strategy or adjunctive therapy for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Dysregulated ACE/Ang II/Ang1-7 signaling provokes cardiovascular and inflammatory sequelae of endotoxemia in weaning preeclamptic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kurtz T, Pravenec M, DiCarlo S. Mechanism-based strategies to prevent salt sensitivity and salt-induced hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:599-620. [PMID: 35452099 PMCID: PMC9069470 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-salt diets are a major cause of hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Many governments are interested in using food salt reduction programs to reduce the risk for salt-induced increases in blood pressure and CV events. It is assumed that reducing the salt concentration of processed foods will substantially reduce mean salt intake in the general population. However, contrary to expectations, reducing the sodium density of nearly all foods consumed in England by 21% had little or no effect on salt intake in the general population. This may be due to the fact that in England, as in other countries including the U.S.A., mean salt intake is already close to the lower normal physiologic limit for mean salt intake of free-living populations. Thus, mechanism-based strategies for preventing salt-induced increases in blood pressure that do not solely depend on reducing salt intake merit attention. It is now recognized that the initiation of salt-induced increases in blood pressure often involves a combination of normal increases in sodium balance, blood volume and cardiac output together with abnormal vascular resistance responses to increased salt intake. Therefore, preventing either the normal increases in sodium balance and cardiac output, or the abnormal vascular resistance responses to salt, can prevent salt-induced increases in blood pressure. Suboptimal nutrient intake is a common cause of the hemodynamic disturbances mediating salt-induced hypertension. Accordingly, efforts to identify and correct the nutrient deficiencies that promote salt sensitivity hold promise for decreasing population risk of salt-induced hypertension without requiring reductions in salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W. Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94017-0134, U.S.A
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen E. DiCarlo
- Department of Physiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Lourenço BN, Coleman AE, Berghaus RD, Tarigo JL, Schmiedt CW, Brown SA. Characterization of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:647-655. [PMID: 35352404 PMCID: PMC8965263 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incompletely understood. Objective To characterize components of the intrarenal renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in cats with CKD. Animals Eleven cats with naturally occurring CKD (CKD group) and 8 healthy control cats. Methods Renal tissue samples were evaluated by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction for renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor transcript levels, and by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry for quantification of angiotensin I, II, III, and IV concentrations. Linear mixed models were used to compare gene transcript levels and concentrations of angiotensin peptides between groups. Results Cats of the CKD group were significantly older (P < .001) and more likely to be neutered (P = .007) than healthy control cats. Kidneys from cats with CKD had significantly higher transcript levels of angiotensinogen (P < .001) and lower transcript levels of ACE (P < .001) than those from control cats. Renal angiotensin I concentrations were increased in CKD compared with control kidneys (P = .001). No other significant differences in renal transcript levels or angiotensin peptide concentrations were noted between groups. Conclusion and Clinical Importance The intrarenal RAS might be activated in cats with CKD. Small sample size and differences in age, neuter status, and dietary sodium intake between groups might have limited the ability to identify a significant difference in concentration of renal angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca N Lourenço
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaime L Tarigo
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Yang Q, Hori M. Characterization of Contractile Machinery of Vascular Smooth Muscles in Hypertension. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070702. [PMID: 34357074 PMCID: PMC8304034 DOI: 10.3390/life11070702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it is a growing public health problem worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction contribute to the development of hypertension. Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms regulate the balance of the myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase to induce myosin phosphorylation, which activates VSM contraction to control blood pressure (BP). Here, we discuss the mechanism of the contractile machinery in VSM, especially RhoA/Rho kinase and PKC/CPI-17 of Ca2+ sensitization pathway in hypertension. The two signaling pathways affect BP in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and are highlighted in pulmonary, pregnancy, and salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunhui Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-7940; Fax: +81-3-5841-8183
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Kala P, Červenka L, Škaroupková P, Táborský M, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J. Sex-linked differences in the mortality in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats with aorto-caval fistula: effects of treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme alone and combined with inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Physiol Res 2019; 68:589-601. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We found recently that in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR) addition of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHi) to treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), surprisingly, increased the mortality due to heart failure (HF) induced by creation of the aorto-caval fistula (ACF). Since TGR exhibit sex-related differences in mortality, we examined here if such differentiation exists also in the response to the treatment with ACEi (trandolapril), alone or combined with sEHi [cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid, (c-AUCB)]. ACEi improved survival in males to 74 % (vs. 0 %) and in females to 65 % (vs. 32 %). ACEi and sEHi combined also improved the survival in male ACF TGR, however, it was significantly less (38 %) than after ACEi alone. In contrast, in females the combined treatment significantly improved the final survival rate (84 %). There were no significant sex-linked differences in survival rate in untreated or treated normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats. In conclusion, in HF patients with co-existing hypertension and RAS hyperactivity, the sex may co-determine the rate of HF progression, and can influence the effectiveness of the therapeutic measures applied. Therefore, in the relevant pre-clinical studies the sex-linked differences should be seriously considered. Our data indicate that TGR might be an optimal model for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kumar Ramanathan AS, Karuppiah B, Vijayan M, Raju K, Mani D, Chinniah R, Thirunavukkarasu M, Malini Ravi P, Illiayaraja Krishnan J, Senguttuvan P. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in South Indian children with nephrotic syndrome. J Biomed Res 2019; 33:201-207. [PMID: 30333281 PMCID: PMC6551426 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20150095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common childhood kidney diseases. It is mostly found in the age group of 2 to 8 years. Around 10%–15% of nephrotic syndrome cases are non-responders of steroid treatment (SRNS). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (I/D) gene association studies are important for detecting kidney disease and herein we assessed the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with nephrotic syndrome in South Indian children. We recruited 260 nephrotic syndrome (162 boys and 98 girls) and 218 (140 boys and 78 girls) control subjects. ACE I/D polymorphism was analyzed by PCR using genotype allele specific primers. In ACE (I/D), we did not find significant association for the ungrouped data of nephrotic syndrome children and the control subjects. Kidney biopsies were done in 86 nephrotic syndrome cases (minimal change disease, n=51; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, n=27; diffuse mesangial proliferation, n=8). We segregated them into the minimal change disease / focal segmental glomerulosclerosis groups and observed that the ACE
‘D’ allele was identified with borderline significance in cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and the ‘I’ allele was assessed as having very weak association in cases of minimal change disease. ‘II’ genotype was weakly associated with minimal change disease. Gender specific analysis revealed weak association of ‘ID’ genotype with female nephrotic syndrome in females. Dominant expression of DD genotype was observed in males with nephrotic syndrome. Our finding indicated that ACE (I/D) has moderate association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, due to the limited number of biopsy proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis subjects enrolled, further studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Selvin Kumar Ramanathan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008, India.,Department of Medical Genetics, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600032, India
| | - Balakrishnan Karuppiah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Kamaraj Raju
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Dhivakar Mani
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Rathika Chinniah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Manikandan Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Padma Malini Ravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | | | - Prabha Senguttuvan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008, India.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Mehta's Children's Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600031, India
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Tomiyama H, Shiina K, Vlachopoulos C, Iwasaki Y, Matsumoto C, Kimura K, Fujii M, Chikamori T, Yamashina A. Involvement of Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Hyperuricemia-Related Development of Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 72:739-745. [PMID: 29987103 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed repeated measurement data to clarify the longitudinal associations between hyperuricemia and the risk factors for the development of hypertension (ie, increased arterial stiffness, renal dysfunction, and inflammation), and then examined whether these risk factors show longitudinal associations with the development of hypertension. In 3274 Japanese men without hypertension, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum uric acid and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels were measured annually over an 8-year period. Of these, 474 subjects developed hypertension by the end of the study period. Mixed model linear regression analysis revealed a significant longitudinal association of hyperuricemia with increase of the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (estimate=5.50, P=0.04), decrease of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (estimate=-2.02, P<0.01), and elevation of the CRP (estimate=0.08×10-1, P=0.02). Hyperuricemia at the study baseline was associated with a significant odds ratio for the development of hypertension by the end of the study period. After adjustments for covariates, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (estimate=0.51×10-2, P<0.01) and CRP (estimate=1.91, P=0.03), but not estimated glomerular filtration rate, were found to show independent longitudinal associations with the new onset of hypertension. In Japanese men without hypertension, hyperuricemia may have a longitudinal association with the development of hypertension, and increased arterials stiffness and inflammation may be involved in the risk of development of hypertension associated with hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tomiyama
- From the Department of Cardiology and Division of Preemptive Medicine for Vascular Damage, Tokyo Medical University, Japan (H.T., K.S., Y.I., C.M., K.K., M.F., T.C., A.Y.)
| | - Kazuki Shiina
- From the Department of Cardiology and Division of Preemptive Medicine for Vascular Damage, Tokyo Medical University, Japan (H.T., K.S., Y.I., C.M., K.K., M.F., T.C., A.Y.)
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Greece (C.V.)
| | - Yoichi Iwasaki
- From the Department of Cardiology and Division of Preemptive Medicine for Vascular Damage, Tokyo Medical University, Japan (H.T., K.S., Y.I., C.M., K.K., M.F., T.C., A.Y.)
| | - Chisa Matsumoto
- From the Department of Cardiology and Division of Preemptive Medicine for Vascular Damage, Tokyo Medical University, Japan (H.T., K.S., Y.I., C.M., K.K., M.F., T.C., A.Y.)
| | - Kazutaka Kimura
- From the Department of Cardiology and Division of Preemptive Medicine for Vascular Damage, Tokyo Medical University, Japan (H.T., K.S., Y.I., C.M., K.K., M.F., T.C., A.Y.)
| | - Masatsune Fujii
- From the Department of Cardiology and Division of Preemptive Medicine for Vascular Damage, Tokyo Medical University, Japan (H.T., K.S., Y.I., C.M., K.K., M.F., T.C., A.Y.)
| | - Taishiro Chikamori
- From the Department of Cardiology and Division of Preemptive Medicine for Vascular Damage, Tokyo Medical University, Japan (H.T., K.S., Y.I., C.M., K.K., M.F., T.C., A.Y.)
| | - Akira Yamashina
- From the Department of Cardiology and Division of Preemptive Medicine for Vascular Damage, Tokyo Medical University, Japan (H.T., K.S., Y.I., C.M., K.K., M.F., T.C., A.Y.)
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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production in the Developmental Programming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030681. [PMID: 30764498 PMCID: PMC6386843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the kidney can be altered in response to adverse environments leading to renal programming and increased vulnerability to the development of hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. By contrast, reprogramming is a strategy shifting therapeutic intervention from adulthood to early life to reverse the programming processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key mediator of renal physiology and blood pressure regulation. NO deficiency is a common mechanism underlying renal programming, while early-life NO-targeting interventions may serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent the development of hypertension and kidney disease. This review will first summarize the regulation of NO in the kidney. We also address human and animal data supporting the link between NO system and developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease. This will be followed by the links between NO deficiency and the common mechanisms of renal programming, including the oxidative stress, renin–angiotensin system, nutrient-sensing signals, and sex differences. Recent data from animal studies have suggested that interventions targeting the NO pathway could be reprogramming strategies to prevent the development of hypertension and kidney disease. Further clinical studies are required to bridge the gap between animal models and clinical trials in order to develop ideal NO-targeting reprogramming strategies and to be able to have a lifelong impact, with profound savings in the global burden of hypertension and kidney disease.
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León Jiménez D, López Chozas JM, Espino Montoro A, Rico Corral MÁ, Castilla Guerra L, Miramontes González JP. Could renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation explain the amputations associated with canagliflozin? The nitric oxide hypothesis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 148:10-13. [PMID: 30583037 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David León Jiménez
- Unidad Riesgo Vascular, Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.
| | - José Manuel López Chozas
- Unidad Gestión Clínica Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Espino Montoro
- Unidad Gestión Clínica Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rico Corral
- Unidad Riesgo Vascular, Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.
| | - Luis Castilla Guerra
- Unidad Riesgo Vascular, Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - José Pablo Miramontes González
- Medicina Interna, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Kurtz TW, DiCarlo SE, Pravenec M, Morris RC. Changing views on the common physiologic abnormality that mediates salt sensitivity and initiation of salt-induced hypertension: Japanese research underpinning the vasodysfunction theory of salt sensitivity. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:6-18. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Estradiol attenuates ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through PPAR-γ stimulated eNOS activation in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:1-9. [PMID: 30194582 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway in estradiol mediated protection against ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. To induce AKI, rats underwent 40 min of bilateral renal ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion. I/R-induced kidney damage was quantified by measuring serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urea nitrogen, uric acid, potassium, fractional excretion of sodium, microproteinuria, and renal oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation, and reduced glutathione). Hematoxylin eosin stain demonstrated renal histology, while renal expression of apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax), PPAR-γ and eNOS were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Estradiol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before I/R in rats. In separate groups, PPAR-γ antagonist, BADGE (30 mg/kg, i.p.), and NOS inhibitor, L-NAME (20 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered prior to estradiol treatment, which was followed by I/R in rats. I/R caused significant renal damage as demonstrated by biochemical (serum/urine), renal oxidative stress and histological changes alongwith increased expression of Bax and decreased levels of Bcl-2, PPAR-γ and eNOS, which were prevented by estradiol. Pre-treatment with BADGE and L-NAME abolished estradiol mediated renoprotection. Notably, I/R + estradiol + BADGE group revealed decreased expression of PPAR-γ and eNOS in renal tissues. In I/R + estradiol + L-NAME group, eNOS expression was reduced while PPAR-γ levels remained unchanged. These results suggest that estradiol modulates PPAR-γ which consequently regulates eNOS expression in rat kidneys. We conclude that estradiol protects against I/R-induced AKI through PPAR-γ stimulated eNOS activation in rats.
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Kumar R, Kohli S, Ali Z, Duhan K, Ram R, Gupta M, Tyagi S, Mohammad G, Pasha MQ. CYBA (p22phox) variants associate with blood pressure and oxidative stress markers in hypertension: a replication study in populations of diverse altitudes. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:498-506. [PMID: 25787042 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CYBA (p22(phox)) is an integral constituent of the NADPH oxidases and is consequently a main component of oxidative stress, which is strongly associated with hypertension. This study investigates the contribution of CYBA polymorphisms toward the complex etiology of hypertension in two ethnically different populations, one located at a high altitude and the other at a low altitude. The significance of CYBA single nucleotide polymorphisms and their correlation with clinical and biochemical phenotypes were investigated in age- and ethnicity-matched unrelated permanent high-altitude residents (>3500 m) comprising 245 controls and 241 patients. The results were replicated in a second population comprising 935 controls and 545 patients who lived at a low altitude (<200 m). The analysis of covariance revealed that CYBA risk alleles and their haplotypes, rs8854A/rs9932581G/rs4873C and rs8854G/rs9932581G/rs4873C, were positively correlated with clinical parameters, for example, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and biochemical parameters, for example, 8-isoPGF2α level, and inversely correlated with catalase activity in patients compared with controls (P⩽0.01, each). Conversely, the protective alleles and their haplotype, rs8854G/rs9932581A/rs4873T, were inversely correlated with SBP, DBP, MAP and 8-isoPGF2α level, and positively correlated with catalase activity (P⩽0.001, each). Furthermore, correlation analysis between the clinical and biochemical parameters revealed a positive correlation of SBP, DBP and MAP with 8-isoPGF2α levels and a negative correlation with catalase activity in both populations (P<0.0001, each). CYBA (p22(phox)) variants influence the markers of oxidative stress and are associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Samantha Kohli
- 1] Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India [2] Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Zahara Ali
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Duhan
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Rekhbala Ram
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ma Qadar Pasha
- 1] Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India [2] Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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Roysommuti S, Kritsongsakchai A, Wyss JM. The Effect of Perinatal Taurine on Adult Renal Function Does Not Appear to Be Mediated by Taurine's Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:665-77. [PMID: 25833535 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that perinatal taurine supplementation alters adult renal function by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow and given water alone (Control) or water containing an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril, 400 mg/ml) from conception until delivery (FD) or from delivery until weaning (LD). After weaning, the rats received normal rat chow and tap water. At 7–8 weeks of age, renal function at rest and after acute saline load was studied in conscious, restrained male rats. Body weight, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, effective renal blood flow, and renal vascular resistance were not significantly different among the three groups. Compared to Control, glomerular filtration rate, but not filtration fraction, significantly increased after saline load in both FD and LD groups. Water excretion significantly increased only in FD compared to Control, while fractional water excretion was significantly increased after saline load in both FD and LD groups. Sodium excretion significantly increased after saline load only in FD, while both captopril-treated groups significantly decreased fractional sodium excretion. Potassium excretion significantly increased in both FD and LD groups, while fractional potassium excretion significantly increased at rest in FD and decreased in LD groups after saline load. These effects of perinatal RAS inhibition on adult renal function contrast sharply, and are opposite in many cases to, the effects of perinatal taurine supplementation. Thus, these data suggest that perinatal taurine supplementation does not alter adult renal function through its ability to inhibit the perinatal RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Roysommuti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand,
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Brinson KN, Rafikova O, Sullivan JC. Female sex hormones protect against salt-sensitive hypertension but not essential hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R149-57. [PMID: 24829498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00061.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Initial studies found that female Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats exhibit greater blood pressure (BP) salt sensitivity than female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). On the basis of the central role played by NO in sodium excretion and BP control, we further tested the hypothesis that blunted increases in BP in female SHR will be accompanied by greater increases in renal inner medullary nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and expression in response to a high-salt (HS) diet compared with DS rats. Gonad-intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female SHR and DS rats were placed on normal salt (NS; 0.4% salt) or HS (4% salt) diet for 2 wk. OVX did not alter BP in SHR, and HS diet produced a modest increase in BP. OVX significantly increased BP in DS rats on NS; HS further increased BP in all DS rats, although OVX had a greater increase in BP. Renal inner medullary NOS activity, total NOS3 protein, and NOS3 phosphorylated on serine residue 1177 were not altered by salt or OVX in either strain. NOS1 protein expression, however, significantly increased with HS only in SHR, and this corresponded to an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite excretion. SHR also exhibit greater NOS1 and NOS3 protein expression than DS rats. These data indicate that female sex hormones offer protection against HS-mediated elevations in BP in DS rats but not SHR. We propose that the relative resistance to HS-mediated increases in BP in SHR is related to greater NOS expression and the ability to increase NOS1 protein expression compared with DS rats.
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Eriguchi M, Tsuruya K, Haruyama N, Yamada S, Tanaka S, Suehiro T, Noguchi H, Masutani K, Torisu K, Kitazono T. Renal denervation has blood pressure-independent protective effects on kidney and heart in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2014; 87:116-27. [PMID: 24940798 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We elucidate the underlying mechanisms of bidirectional cardiorenal interaction, focusing on the sympathetic nerve driving disruption of the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). A rat model of N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) administration was used to induce damage in the heart and kidney, similar to cardiorenal syndrome. L-NAME induced sympathetic nerve-RAS overactivity and cardiorenal injury accompanied by local RAS elevations. These were suppressed by bilateral renal denervation, but not by hydralazine treatment, despite the blood pressure being kept the same between the two groups. Although L-NAME induced angiotensinogen (AGT) protein augmentation in both organs, AGT mRNA decreased in the kidney and increased in the heart in a contradictory manner. Immunostaining for AGT suggested that renal denervation suppressed AGT onsite generation from activated resident macrophages of the heart and circulating AGT excretion from glomeruli of the kidney. We also examined rats treated with L-NAME plus unilateral denervation to confirm direct sympathetic regulation of intrarenal RAS. The levels of urinary AGT and renal angiotensin II content and the degrees of renal injury from denervated kidneys were less than those from contralateral innervated kidneys within the same rats. Thus, renal denervation has blood pressure-independent beneficial effects associated with local RAS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Eriguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- 1] Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [2] Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Haruyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaichi Suehiro
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideko Noguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Masutani
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hsu CN, Lee CT, Huang LT, Tain YL. Aliskiren in early postnatal life prevents hypertension and reduces asymmetric dimethylarginine in offspring exposed to maternal caloric restriction. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:506-13. [PMID: 24833625 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313514123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is involved in hypertension. We tested whether aliskiren treatment in early postnatal life can reduce ADMA and regulate the renin-angiotensin system to prevent hypertension in rat offspring exposed to maternal caloric restriction (CR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of 12-week-old male offspring were sacrificed: control, CR, CR+aliskiren, and CR+losartan group. The CR group included offspring from 50% food-restricted maternal rats. The CR+aliskiren and CR+losartan groups were produced by treating CR offspring with oral aliskiren 10 mg/kg/day or losartan 20 mg/kg/day between 2-4 weeks of age, respectively. RESULTS Blood pressure increased in CR rats, which was prevented by aliskiren or losartan. CR increased plasma ADMA levels, which aliskiren prevented. Renal renin and prorenin receptor (PRR) expression increased in CR rats treated with aliskiren, whereas both were reduced by losartan. Both aliskiren and losartan decreased renal mRNA expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, and Mas in CR rats. However, aliskiren increased angiotensin II type 2 receptor and Mas protein levels in CR kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Early aliskiren therapy prevents CR-induced hypertension via ADMA reduction, decreases angiotensinogen expression, and increases renal angiotensin II type 2 receptor and Mas protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan Master Program in Clinical Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan
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Tsukamoto Y, Mano T, Sakata Y, Ohtani T, Takeda Y, Tamaki S, Omori Y, Ikeya Y, Saito Y, Ishii R, Higashimori M, Kaneko M, Miwa T, Yamamoto K, Komuro I. A novel heart failure mice model of hypertensive heart disease by angiotensin II infusion, nephrectomy, and salt loading. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1658-67. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00349.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the mouse heart failure (HF) model of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is useful to investigate the pathophysiology and new therapeutic targets for HHD, the model using simple experimental procedures and stable phenotypes has not been established. This study aimed to develop a novel mouse HF model of HHD by combining salt loading and uninephrectomy with ANG II infusion. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were treated with ANG II infusion (AT), ANG II infusion and uninephrectomy (AN), ANG II infusion and salt loading (AS), or ANG II infusion, uninephrectomy, and salt loading (ANS). Systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was found in AT, AN, AS, and ANS mice, and there were no significant differences in those parameters between the four groups. At 6 wk after the procedures, only ANS mice showed significant decreases in LV fractional shortening and increases in lung weight with a high incidence. This phenotype was reproducible, and there were few perioperative or early deaths in the experimental procedures. Severe LV fibrosis was found in ANS mice. Oxidative stress was enhanced and small GTPase Rac1 activity was upregulated in the hearts of ANS mice. After the addition of salt loading and uninephrectomy to the ANG II infusion mouse model, cardiac function was significantly impaired, and mice developed HF. This might be a novel and useful mouse HF model to study the transition from compensated LV hypertrophy to HF in HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Tsukamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ohtani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yosuke Omori
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Ikeya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ishii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; and
| | | | - Makoto Kaneko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; and
| | - Takeshi Miwa
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Antihypertensive and renoprotective actions of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition in ANG II-dependent malignant hypertension are abolished by pretreatment with L-NAME. J Hypertens 2013; 31:321-32. [PMID: 23307303 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835b50aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to investigate in a model of malignant hypertension if the antihypertensive actions of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition are nitric oxide (NO)-dependent. METHODS ANG II-dependent malignant hypertension was induced through dietary administration for 3 days of the natural xenobiotic indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats. Blood pressure (BP) was monitored by radiotelemetry and treatment with the sEH inhibitor [cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyl-oxy]-benzoic acid (c-AUCB)] was started 48 h before administration of the diet containing I3C. In separate groups of rats, combined administration of the sEH inhibitor and the nonspecific NO synthase inhibitor [Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] on the course of BP in I3C-induced and noninduced rats were evaluated. In addition, combined blockade of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was superimposed on L-NAME administration in separate groups of rats. After 3 days of experimental protocols, the rats were prepared for renal functional studies and renal concentrations of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their inactive metabolites dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETEs) were measured. RESULTS Treatment with c-AUCB increased the renal EETs/DHETEs ratio, attenuated the increases in BP, and prevented the decreases in renal function and the development of renal damage in I3C-induced Cyp1a1-Ren-2 rats. The BP lowering and renoprotective actions of the treatment with the sEH inhibitor c-AUCB were completely abolished by concomitant administration of L-NAME and not fully rescued by double RAS blockade without altering the increased EETs/DHETEs ratio. CONCLUSION Our current findings indicate that the antihypertensive actions of sEH inhibition in this ANG II-dependent malignant form of hypertension are dependent on the interactions of endogenous bioavailability of EETs and NO.
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Sivakumar S, Sivasubramanian J, Prasad khatiwada C, Manivannan J, Raja B. Aluminium induced metabolic changes in kidney and heart tissue of mice: a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Excess daily salt intake impairs vasodilatation and enhances vasoconstriction, resulting in reduction of regional blood flow and elevation of blood pressure in healthy individuals and hypertensive patients with either salt sensitivity or not tested for salt sensitivity or not evaluated for salt sensitivity. The mechanism may involve decreased production of nitric oxide via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide, and elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Experimental animals, irrespective of salt sensitivity, although less extensive in those with salt-resistance, fed a high-salt diet have deteriorated endothelial functions; the mechanisms involved include an impairment of eNOS activation, a decrease in eNOS expression, and an increase in oxidative stress and ADMA. The imbalance of interactions between nitric oxide and angiotensin II is also involved in salt sensitivity. Deficiency of nitric oxide formed via neuronal NOS and inducible NOS may contribute to salt-induced hypertension. Reduced daily salt intake, therefore, would be the most rational prophylactic measure against the development of hypertension.
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New aspects of the interactions between the cardiovascular nitric oxide system and natriuretic peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 406:161-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Drenjančević-Perić I, Jelaković B, Lombard JH, Kunert MP, Kibel A, Gros M. High-salt diet and hypertension: focus on the renin-angiotensin system. Kidney Blood Press Res 2010; 34:1-11. [PMID: 21071956 DOI: 10.1159/000320387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-salt diet is one of the major risk factors in the development and maintenance of hypertension. Numerous experimental and observational studies have confirmed the association of sodium intake with blood pressure levels. The effects of a high-salt diet are related to the function of the renin-angiotensin system, which is normally suppressed by a high-salt diet. Endothelial dysfunction probably plays an important role in the influence of high sodium intake on blood pressure, although the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Genetic factors are known to be very important, and various consomic and congenic rat strains as animal models have proven to be very useful in bringing us a step closer to understanding the interaction between salt intake and hypertension. In this article, experimental data obtained in studies on animals and humans, as well as epidemiological data are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Drenjančević-Perić
- University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, School of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
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