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Wei F, Lin K, Ruan B, Wang C, Yang L, Wang H, Wang Y. Epigallocatechin gallate protects MC3T3-E1 cells from cadmium-induced apoptosis and dysfunction via modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17488. [PMID: 38827303 PMCID: PMC11141548 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an active constituent of tea, is recognized for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the specific mechanism by which EGCG protects osteoblasts from cadmium-induced damage remains incompletely understood. Here, the action of EGCG was investigated by exposing MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to EGCG and CdCl2 and examining their growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. It was found that EGCG promoted the viability of cadmium-exposed MC3T3-E1 cells, mitigated apoptosis, and promoted both maturation and mineralization. Additionally, CdCl2 has been reported to inhibit both the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1(Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathways. EGCG treatment attenuated cadmium-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts and restored their function by upregulating both signaling pathways. The findings provide compelling evidence for EGCG's role in attenuating cadmium-induced osteoblast apoptosis and dysfunction through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. This suggests the potential of using EGCG for treating cadmium-induced osteoblast dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Wei
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kai Lin
- Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Binjia Ruan
- Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Lixun Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Rousar T, Handl J, Capek J, Nyvltova P, Rousarova E, Kubat M, Smid L, Vanova J, Malinak D, Musilek K, Cesla P. Cysteine conjugates of acetaminophen and p-aminophenol are potent inducers of cellular impairment in human proximal tubular kidney HK-2 cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2943-2954. [PMID: 37639014 PMCID: PMC10504157 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) belong among the most used analgesics and antipyretics. It is structurally derived from p-aminophenol (PAP), a potent inducer of kidney toxicity. Both compounds can be metabolized to oxidation products and conjugated with glutathione. The glutathione-conjugates can be cleaved to provide cysteine conjugates considered as generally nontoxic. The aim of the present report was to synthesize and to purify both APAP- and PAP-cysteine conjugates and, as the first study at all, to evaluate their biological effects in human kidney HK-2 cells in comparison to parent compounds. HK-2 cells were treated with tested compounds (0-1000 µM) for up to 24 h. Cell viability, glutathione levels, ROS production and mitochondrial function were determined. After 24 h, we found that both APAP- and PAP-cysteine conjugates (1 mM) were capable to induce harmful cellular damage observed as a decrease of glutathione levels to 10% and 0%, respectively, compared to control cells. In addition, we detected the disappearance of mitochondrial membrane potential in these cells. In the case of PAP-cysteine, the extent of cellular impairment was comparable to that induced by PAP at similar doses. On the other hand, 1 mM APAP-cysteine induced even larger damage of HK-2 cells compared to 1 mM APAP after 6 or 24 h. We conclude that cysteine conjugates with aminophenol are potent inducers of oxidative stress causing significant injury in kidney cells. Thus, the harmful effects cysteine-aminophenolic conjugates ought to be considered in the description of APAP or PAP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rousar
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Handl
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Capek
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Nyvltova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Erika Rousarova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kubat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Smid
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cesla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Feng X, Jin X, Zhou R, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Zhang X, Shang K, Zhang J, Yu C, Shou J. Deep learning approach identified a gene signature predictive of the severity of renal damage caused by chronic cadmium accumulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128795. [PMID: 35405588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies have indicated that environmental cadmium exposure, even at low levels, will result in chronic cadmium accumulation in the kidney with profound adverse consequences and that the diabetic population is more susceptible. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet not fully understood. In the present study, we applied an animal model to study chronic cadmium exposure-induced renal injury and performed whole transcriptome profiling studies. Repetitive CdCl2 exposure resulted in cadmium accumulation and remarkable renal injuries in the animals. The diabetic ob/ob mice manifested increased severity of renal injury compared with the wild type C57BL/6 J littermate controls. RNA-Seq data showed that cadmium treatment induced dramatic gene expression changes in a dose-dependent manner. Among the differentially expressed genes include the apoptosis hallmark genes which significantly demarcated the treatment effects. Pathway enrichment and network analyses revealed biological oxidation (mainly glucuronidation) as one of the major stress responses induced by cadmium treatment. We next implemented a deep learning algorithm in conjunction with cloud computing and discovered a gene signature that can predict the degree of renal injury induced by cadmium treatment. The present study provided, for the first time, a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of chronic cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in normal and diabetic populations at the whole genome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xian Jin
- EnnovaBio Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai 201203, China; Ennovabio (ZheJiang) Pharmaceuticals, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312366, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- EnnovaBio Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ke Shang
- EnnovaBio Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai 201203, China; Ennovabio (ZheJiang) Pharmaceuticals, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312366, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- EnnovaBio Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai 201203, China; Ennovabio (ZheJiang) Pharmaceuticals, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312366, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Jianyong Shou
- EnnovaBio Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai 201203, China; Ennovabio (ZheJiang) Pharmaceuticals, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312366, China.
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Anti-Genotoxicity Evaluation of Ellagic Acid and Curcumin—An In Vitro Study on Zebrafish Blood Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity is the ability of specific substances to cause DNA damage, affecting development, physiology, and reproduction. This is often mediated by induction of oxidative stress. This in vitro study aims to test the ability of two antioxidants, ellagic acid (EA, 100 µM) and curcumin (Cur, 40 µM) to protect zebrafish blood cells from the genotoxic action of benzene (10 µL/mL). Cells were treated for 30, 60, and 90 min with EA or Cur alone and in combination with benzene. The antigenotoxic role of antioxidants was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity by trypan blue dye, genome stability by RAPD-PCR technique, DNA fragmentation and percentage of apoptotic cells using Comet and Diffusion assay, respectively. The results did not show statistical differences in terms of cell viability, genome stability, DNA damage and apoptosis between cells treated with antioxidants. When zebrafish blood cells were co-incubated with individual antioxidants and benzene, a significant improvement of these parameters was observed in comparison with cells incubated in benzene. Our results suggested that EA and Cur are able to protect zebrafish blood cells against DNA damage and apoptosis caused by mutagenic substance, and laid the foundation for future studies investigating their antigenotoxic potential in DNA oxidative damage therapy.
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Majtnerova P, Capek J, Petira F, Handl J, Rousar T. Quantitative spectrofluorometric assay detecting nuclear condensation and fragmentation in intact cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11921. [PMID: 34099803 PMCID: PMC8184882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, nuclear condensation and fragmentation have been estimated also using Hoechst probes in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. However, none of the methods used the Hoechst probes for quantitative spectrofluorometric assessment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a spectrofluorometric assay for detection of nuclear condensation and fragmentation in the intact cells. We used human hepatoma HepG2 and renal HK-2 cells cultured in 96-well plates treated with potent apoptotic inducers (i.e. cisplatin, staurosporine, camptothecin) for 6-48 h. Afterwards, the cells were incubated with Hoechst 33258 (2 µg/mL) and the increase of fluorescence after binding of the dye to DNA was measured. The developed spectrofluorometric assay was capable to detect nuclear changes caused by all tested apoptotic inducers. Then, we compared the outcomes of the spectrofluorometric assay with other methods detecting cell impairment and apoptosis (i.e. WST-1 and glutathione tests, TUNEL, DNA ladder, caspase activity, PARP-1 and JNKs expressions). We found that our developed spectrofluorometric assay provided results of the same sensitivity as the TUNEL assay but with the advantages of being fast processing, low-cost and a high throughput. Because nuclear condensation and fragmentation can be typical markers of cell death, especially in apoptosis, we suppose that the spectrofluorometric assay could become a routinely used method for characterizing cell death processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Majtnerova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Capek
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Petira
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Handl
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Rousar
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Handl J, Malinak D, Capek J, Andrys R, Rousarova E, Hauschke M, Bruckova L, Cesla P, Rousar T, Musilek K. Effects of Charged Oxime Reactivators on the HK-2 Cell Line in Renal Toxicity Screening. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:699-703. [PMID: 33566584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxime cholinesterase reactivators (oximes) are used to counteract organophosphate intoxication. Charged oximes are administered via intramuscular or intravenous injection when the majority of dose is unmetabolized and is excreted as urine. In this study, the effects of selected double charged oximes were determined in the HK-2 cell line as a model for renal toxicity screening. Some effects on dehydrogenase activity were found for obidoxime, asoxime (syn. HI-6), K027, and K203. The effects of K868 and K869 were found to be unreliable due to rapid degradation of both chlorinated oximes in the assay medium, resulting for K868 in an isoxazole-pyridinium product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Handl
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Capek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Erika Rousarova
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hauschke
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bruckova
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cesla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Rousar
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Adsorption of Cd to TiO 2-NPs Forms Low Genotoxic AGGREGATES in Zebrafish Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020310. [PMID: 33546308 PMCID: PMC7913537 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquatic environment is involved in the pollutants spreading mechanisms, including nanomaterials and heavy metals. The aims of this study were to assess the in vivo genotoxicity of Cd (1 mg/L) and to investigate the genomic effects generated by its co-exposure with TiO2-NPs (10 µg/L). The study was performed using zebrafish as a model for 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure. The genotoxic potential was assessed by three experimental approaches: DNA integrity, degree of apoptosis, and molecular alterations at the genomic level by genomic template stability (% GTS) calculation. Results showed an increased in DNA damage after Cd exposure with a decrease in % GTS. The co-exposure (TiO2-NPs + Cd) induced a no statistically significant loss of DNA integrity, a reduction of the apoptotic cell percentage and the recovery of genome stability for prolonged exposure days. Characterization and analytical determinations data showed Cd adsorption to TiO2-NPs, which reduced free TiO2-NPs levels. The results of our study suggest that TiO2-NPs could be used for the development of controlled heavy metal bioremediation systems.
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Handl J, Čapek J, Majtnerová P, Báčová J, Roušar T. The effect of repeated passaging on the susceptibility of human proximal tubular HK-2 cells to toxic compounds. Physiol Res 2020; 69:731-738. [PMID: 32672047 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human proximal tubular HK-2 cell line is an immortalized cell line commonly used for studying proximal tubular toxicity. Even as their use is presently increasing, there unfortunately are no studies focused on functional changes in HK-2 cells associated with passaging. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the functional stability of HK-2 cells during 13 weeks of continuous passaging after 6 and 24 h of treatment with model nephrotoxic compounds (i.e., acetaminophen, cisplatin, CdCl(2)). Short tandem repeat profile, the doubling time, cell diameter, glutathione concentration, and intracellular dehydrogenase activity were measured in HK-2 cells at each tested passage. The results showed that HK-2 cells exhibit stable morphology, cell size, and cell renewal during passaging. Mean doubling time was determined to be 54 h. On the other hand, we observed a significant effect of passaging on the susceptibility of HK-2 cells to toxic compounds. The largest difference in results was found in both cadmium and cisplatin treated cells across passages. We conclude that the outcomes of scientific studies on HK-2 cells can be affected by the number of passages even after medium-term cultivation and passaging for 13 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Handl
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Lemaire J, Van der Hauwaert C, Savary G, Dewaeles E, Perrais M, Lo Guidice JM, Pottier N, Glowacki F, Cauffiez C. Cadmium-Induced Renal Cell Toxicity Is Associated With MicroRNA Deregulation. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:103-114. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581819899039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant well known for its nephrotoxic effects. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying nephrotoxicity continue to be elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged in recent years as modulators of xenobiotic-induced toxicity. In this context, our study aimed at elucidating whether miRNAs are involved in renal proximal tubular toxicity induced by cadmium exposure. We showed that cadmium exposure, in 2 distinct renal proximal tubular cell models (renal proximal tubular epithelial cell [RPTEC]/human telomerase reverse transcriptase [hTERT] and human kidney-2), resulted in cytotoxicity associated with morphological changes, overexpression of renal injury markers, and induction of apoptosis and inflammation processes. Cadmium exposure also resulted in miRNA modulation, including the significant upregulation of 38 miRNAs in RPTEC/hTERT cells. Most of these miRNAs are known to target genes whose coding proteins are involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, leading to tissue remodeling. In conclusion, this study provides a list of dysregulated miRNAs which may play a role in the pathophysiology of cadmium-induced kidney damages and highlights promising cadmium molecular biomarkers that warrants to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lemaire
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - C. Van der Hauwaert
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
- Département de la Recherche en Santé, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - G. Savary
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - E. Dewaeles
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - M. Perrais
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - J. M. Lo Guidice
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - N. Pottier
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
- Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - F. Glowacki
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
- Service de Néphrologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - C. Cauffiez
- EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
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