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Muyyarikkandy MS, Mathew E, Kuttappan D, Amalaradjou MA. Research Note: In ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation improves layer embryo and pullet growth. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103092. [PMID: 37769489 PMCID: PMC10542637 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are widely used as feed supplements in the poultry industry to promote growth and performance in chickens. Specifically, this supplementation starts around the time of lay and continues through the production cycle in laying hens. However, the embryonic period is critical to the growth and development of metabolically active organs thereby influencing subsequent health and productivity in adult birds. Therefore, the present study investigated the potential use of probiotics to promote embryonic growth in layers. Further, a pilot grow-out study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo and in-feed probiotic application on pullet growth. For the study, fertile White Leghorn eggs were sprayed with phosphate buffered saline (control, CON) or probiotic cocktail (in ovo only, IO; Lactobacillus paracasei DUP 13076 and L. rhamnosus NRRL B 442) prior to and during incubation. The embryos were sacrificed on d 7, 10, 14, and 18 of incubation for embryo morphometry. On d 18, remaining eggs were set in the hatcher to assess hatchability and hatchling morphometry. For the pullet trial, hatchlings were raised on feed with or without probiotics until wk 5. Pullets were sacrificed weekly, and morphometric parameters were recorded. Results of our study demonstrate that in ovo probiotic application significantly improved relative embryo weight, crown-rump length, hatchability, and hatchling weight when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Further, this enhanced embryonic development was associated with a concomitant increase in posthatch growth. Specifically, pullets raised from probiotic-sprayed eggs had significantly improved crown-rump length, tibial length, tibial bone weight, and body weight when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Moreover, among the different treatment schemes employed in this study [CON (no probiotics), in-feed only (IF), IO only, and in ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation (IOIF)], sustained probiotic supplementation (IOIF) was found to be the most effective in promoting growth. Therefore, in ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation could be employed to promote embryo and pullet growth to support subsequent performance in layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elza Mathew
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Deepa Kuttappan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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2
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Sécula A, Chapuis H, Collin A, Bluy LE, Bonnet A, Bodin L, Gress L, Cornuez A, Martin X, Bonnefont CMD, Morisson M. Maternal dietary methionine restriction alters the expression of energy metabolism genes in the duckling liver. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:407. [PMID: 35637448 PMCID: PMC9150296 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, the nutritional status experienced during embryonic development shapes key metabolic pathways and influences the health and phenotype of the future individual, a phenomenon known as nutritional programming. In farmed birds as well, the quantity and quality of feed offered to the dam can impact the phenotype of the offspring. We have previously reported that a 38% reduction in the intake of the methyl donor methionine in the diet of 30 female ducks during the growing and laying periods - from 10 to 51 weeks of age - reduced the body weight of their 180 mule ducklings compared to that of 190 ducklings from 30 control females. The maternal dietary methionine restriction also altered the hepatic energy metabolism studied in 30 of their ducklings. Thus, their plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations were higher while their plasma free fatty acid level was lower than those measured in the plasma of 30 ducklings from the control group. The objective of this new study was to better understand how maternal dietary methionine restriction affected the livers of their newly hatched male and female ducklings by investigating the hepatic expression levels of 100 genes primarily targeting energy metabolism, amino acid transport, oxidative stress, apoptotic activity and susceptibility to liver injury. Results Sixteen of the genes studied were differentially expressed between the ducklings from the two groups. Maternal dietary methionine restriction affected the mRNA levels of genes involved in different pathways related to energy metabolism such as glycolysis, lipogenesis or electron transport. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the nuclear receptors PPARGC1B, PPARG and RXRA were also affected. Conclusions Our results show that the 38% reduction in methionine intake in the diet of female ducks during the growing and egg-laying periods impacted the liver transcriptome of their offspring, which may explain the previously observed differences in their liver energy metabolism. These changes in mRNA levels, together with the observed phenotypic data, suggest an early modulation in the establishment of metabolic pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08634-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Sécula
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France.,Present Address: IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Chapuis
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Lisa E Bluy
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Agnès Bonnet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Loys Bodin
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laure Gress
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Alexis Cornuez
- UEPFG INRAE Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras), Domaine d'Artiguères 1076, route de Haut Mauco, F-40280, Benquet, France
| | - Xavier Martin
- UEPFG INRAE Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras), Domaine d'Artiguères 1076, route de Haut Mauco, F-40280, Benquet, France
| | - Cécile M D Bonnefont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Mireille Morisson
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France.
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3
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Bodin L, Sécula A, Chapuis H, Cornuez A, Lessire M, Cobo E, Marie-Louise S, Bonnefont CMD, Barrieu J, Mercerand F, Bravo C, Manse H, Le Bourhis MC, Martin X, Pitel F, Brun JM, Morisson M. Dietary methionine deficiency reduces laying performances of female common ducks and impacts traits of interest of their mule ducklings. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5590-5600. [PMID: 31237326 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of maternal nutrition on offspring phenotypes have been mainly documented over the past years in mammals, and are now studied in poultry as well. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a reduced level of dietary Methionine (Met) on laying performances of common laying ducks and their impacts on the phenotype of their mule ducklings. A total of 60 female laying ducks were divided into 2 dietary treatments at 10 wk of age. The restricted group received Met-restricted diets (R group) containing 0.25% of Met whereas the control group received control diets (C group) containing 0.40% of Met that meets Met requirements. The restriction was applied during the growing and laying periods, from 10 to 51 wk of age and a particular focus was put on female breeder traits that might be affected by the Met restriction. Plasma parameters of hepatic and lipid metabolisms were recorded in ducklings. Total weight (P < 0.001), albumen weight (P < 0.001) and albumen percentage of dry matter (P < 0.01) were decreased for eggs laid by female breeders from the R group. Both male and female ducklings from the R group of female breeders showed a reduced BW at hatching (P < 0.001) and a tendency to an increased proportional liver weight (P = 0.07). Finally, the maternal low dietary Met level modified plasma parameters in newborn ducklings regardless of sex: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were reduced (P = 0.07 and P = 0.002, respectively), levels of glucose (P = 0.03) and triglycerides (P = 0.01) were higher whereas level of free fatty acids decreased (P = 0.01). It was concluded that feeding female laying ducks with a restricted dietary Met content during the growing and laying periods has a negative effect on egg weight and composition. The ducklings that were restricted in nutrients during their early development, have a reduced BW, and altered lipid and hepatic metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bodin
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A Sécula
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - H Chapuis
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A Cornuez
- UEPFG INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras), Domaine d'Artiguères 1076, route de Haut Mauco, F-40280 Benquet, France
| | - M Lessire
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - E Cobo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - S Marie-Louise
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - C M D Bonnefont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - J Barrieu
- UEPFG INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras), Domaine d'Artiguères 1076, route de Haut Mauco, F-40280 Benquet, France
| | - F Mercerand
- INRA - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT, Nouzilly, France
| | - C Bravo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - H Manse
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - M C Le Bourhis
- INRA - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT, Nouzilly, France
| | - X Martin
- UEPFG INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras), Domaine d'Artiguères 1076, route de Haut Mauco, F-40280 Benquet, France
| | - F Pitel
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - J M Brun
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - M Morisson
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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4
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Importance of albumen during embryonic development in avian species, with emphasis on domestic chicken. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Pick JL, Postma E, Tschirren B. The more you get, the more you give: Positive cascading effects shape the evolutionary potential of prenatal maternal investment. Evol Lett 2019; 3:412-423. [PMID: 31388450 PMCID: PMC6675147 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal effects are prevalent in nature and significantly contribute to variation in phenotypic trait expression. However, little attention has been paid to the factors shaping variation in the traits mediating these effects (maternal effectors). Specific maternal effectors are often not identified, and typically they are assumed to be inherited in an additive genetic and autosomal manner. Given that these effectors can cause long‐lasting effects on offspring phenotype, it is likely that they may also affect themselves in the next generation. Although the existence of such cascading maternal effects has been discussed and modeled, empirical examples of such effects are rare, let alone quantitative estimates of their strength and evolutionary consequences. Here, we demonstrate that the investment a mother makes in her eggs positively affects the egg investment of her daughters. Through reciprocally crossing artificially selected lines for divergent prenatal maternal investment in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), we demonstrate that the size of eggs daughters lay resembles the egg size of their maternal line significantly more than that of their paternal line, highlighting that egg size is in part maternally inherited. Correspondingly, we find that variation in the daughters' egg size is in part determined by maternal identity, in addition to substantial additive genetic effects. Furthermore, this maternal variance in offspring egg size is fully explained by maternal egg size, demonstrating the presence of a positive cascading effect of maternal egg size on offspring egg size. Finally, we use an evolutionary model to quantify the consequences of covariance between cascading maternal and additive genetic effects for both maternal effector and offspring body mass evolution. Our study demonstrates that by amplifying the amount of variation available for selection to act on, positive cascading maternal effects can significantly enhance the evolutionary potential of maternal effectors and the offspring traits that they affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Pick
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JT United Kingdom
| | - Erik Postma
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn TR10 9FE United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Tschirren
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn TR10 9FE United Kingdom
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6
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Li F, Shan MX, Gao X, Yang Y, Yang X, Zhang YY, Hu JW, Shan AS, Cheng BJ. Effects of nutrition restriction of fat- and lean-line broiler breeder hens during the laying period on offspring performance, blood biochemical parameters, and hormone levels. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 68:73-82. [PMID: 30875642 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition on the performance, blood biochemical indexes, and hormone levels of broiler chicks, two broiler breeder lines (a fat line and lean line) were given either 100% or 75% of the daily feed intake recommended by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture from 27 to 54 wk. All hens were fed the same basal corn-soybean diet. Fertile eggs were collected and hatched. All chicks were fed the same basal diet for 56 d. Then, chick performance, blood biochemical indexes, and hormone levels were measured. The results showed that there were interactions between maternal nutrition and line for some parameters, such as the kidney index, glucose, triglyceride, insulin, glucagon, leptin, and triiodothyronine (P < 0.05). Chicks of the fat line had a lower level of serum glucose, triglyceride, albumin, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, insulin, and thyroxin than those of the lean line (P < 0.05), but the opposite trend was seen for birth weight, heart index, leptin, and triiodothyronine (P < 0.05). Maternal undernutrition decreased the birth weight and thymus index (day 28) of offspring (P < 0.05), but these effects disappeared by day 56. Maternal undernutrition decreased glucose (day 28), urea nitrogen (day 56), creatinine (day 56), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (day 56), creatinine kinase (day 56), and leptin (day 56) levels in the offspring's serum (P < 0.05) but increased creatinine (day 28), total protein (day 28), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (day 28), and glucagon (day 28) levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, different lines have different metabolic processes. Maternal nutrition restriction during the laying period did have effects on the offspring, and the compensation by offspring reduced the effect of maternal nutrition restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - M X Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - X Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - X Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - J W Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - A S Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - B J Cheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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7
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Lesuisse J, Schallier S, Li C, Bautil A, Li B, Leblois J, Buyse J, Everaert N. Multigenerational effects of a reduced balanced protein diet during the rearing and laying period of broiler breeders. 2. Zootechnical performance of the F1 broiler offspring. Poult Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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8
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Lesuisse J, Li C, Schallier S, Clímaco W, Bautil A, Everaert N, Buyse J. Multigenerational effects of a reduced balanced protein diet during the rearing and laying period of broiler breeders. 1. Performance of the F1 breeder generation. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1651-1665. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Peña-Villalobos I, Piriz G, Palma V, Sabat P. Energetic Effects of Pre-hatch Albumen Removal on Embryonic Development and Early Ontogeny in Gallus gallus. Front Physiol 2017; 7:690. [PMID: 28119633 PMCID: PMC5222843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the yolk and albumen content in bird eggs, and the effects of variations in their relative loads in the phenotype of the birds, have revealed multiple consequences at different levels of biological organization, from biochemical traits to behavior. However, little is known about the effect of albumen variation on energetics performance during development and early ontogeny, despite the fact that variation in energy expenditure may have consequences in terms of fitness for both feral and domestic species. In this work, we evaluated experimentally whether variations in the content of albumen of Gallus gallus eggs could generate differences in metabolic rates during embryonic development. Additionally, we assessed changes in the activity of mitochondrial enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase) in skeletal muscles and liver. Finally, we evaluated the success of hatching of these embryos and their metabolic rates (MR) post-hatching. The results revealed a significant reduction in MR in the last fifth of embryonic life, and reduced catabolic activities in the skeletal muscle of chicks hatched from albumen-removed eggs. However, the same group demonstrated an increase in catabolic activity in the liver, suggesting the existence of changes in energy allocation between tissues. Besides, we found a decrease in hatching success in the albumen-removed group, suggesting a negative effect of the lower albumen content on eggs, possibly due to lower catabolic activities in skeletal muscle. We also found a compensatory phenomenon in the first week after hatching, i.e., birds from albumen-removed eggs did not show a decrease in MR either at thermoneutral temperatures or at 10°C, compared to the control group. Collectively, our data suggest that a reduction in albumen may generate a trade-off between tissue metabolic activities, and may explain the differences in metabolic rates and hatching success, supporting the immediate adaptive response (IAR) hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Piriz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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10
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Willems E, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Decuypere E, Janssens S, Buyse J, Buys N, Jensen P, Everaert N. Differential Expression of Genes and DNA Methylation associated with Prenatal Protein Undernutrition by Albumen Removal in an avian model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20837. [PMID: 26861190 PMCID: PMC4748411 DOI: 10.1038/srep20837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, long-term effects on body weight and reproductive performance have been demonstrated in the chicken model of prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal. Introduction of such persistent alterations in phenotype suggests stable changes in gene expression. Therefore, a genome-wide screening of the hepatic transcriptome by RNA-Seq was performed in adult hens. The albumen-deprived hens were created by partial removal of the albumen from eggs and replacement with saline early during embryonic development. Results were compared to sham-manipulated hens and non-manipulated hens. Grouping of the differentially expressed (DE) genes according to biological functions revealed the involvement of processes such as ‘embryonic and organismal development’ and ‘reproductive system development and function’. Molecular pathways that were altered were ‘amino acid metabolism’, ‘carbohydrate metabolism’ and ‘protein synthesis’. Three key central genes interacting with many DE genes were identified: UBC, NR3C1, and ELAVL1. The DNA methylation of 9 DE genes and 3 key central genes was examined by MeDIP-qPCR. The DNA methylation of a fragment (UBC_3) of the UBC gene was increased in the albumen-deprived hens compared to the non-manipulated hens. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal leads to long-term alterations of the hepatic transcriptome in the chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Willems
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Linköping University, IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Linköping University, IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Eddy Decuypere
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Janssens
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Research Group Livestock Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadine Buys
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Research Group Livestock Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Per Jensen
- Linköping University, IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Nadia Everaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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11
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Dixon LM, Sparks NHC, Rutherford KMD. Early experiences matter: a review of the effects of prenatal environment on offspring characteristics in poultry. Poult Sci 2015; 95:489-99. [PMID: 26614679 PMCID: PMC4957487 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life experiences can be important in determining offspring phenotypes and may influence interaction with the environment and hence health, welfare, and productivity. The prenatal environment of poultry can be divided into the pre-lay environment and the egg storage/incubation environment, both of which can affect offspring outcomes. The ability to separate maternal and egg/incubation effects makes birds well suited to this type of research. There are many factors, including feeding and nutrition, environmental conditions, husbandry practices, housing system, social environment, infectious environment, and maternal health status, that can influence both the health and performance and behavior and cognition of the offspring. There are some aspects of the environments that can be changed to produce beneficial effects in the offspring, like addition of certain additives to feed or short changes in incubation temperatures, while other aspects should be avoided to reduce negative effects, such as unpredictable feeding and lighting regimens. Measures of offspring characteristics may prove to be a useful method of assessing parent stock welfare if known stressors result in predictable offspring outcomes. This has the advantage of assessing the parent environment without interfering with the animals and possibly affecting their responses and could lead to improved welfare for the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Dixon
- Animal Behavior and Welfare, Animal and Veterinary Science Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - N H C Sparks
- Avian Science Research Center, Animal and Veterinary Science, Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - K M D Rutherford
- Animal Behavior and Welfare, Animal and Veterinary Science Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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12
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Willems E, Wang Y, Koppenol A, Lesuisse J, Franssens L, Decuypere E, Buyse J, Everaert N. Reduced protein availability by albumen removal during chicken embryogenesis decreases body weight and induces hormonal changes. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:1298-308. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Els Willems
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Astrid Koppenol
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- ILVO Animal Sciences Unit; Melle Belgium
| | - Jens Lesuisse
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Lies Franssens
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Eddy Decuypere
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
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13
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Javůrková V, Krkavcová E, Kreisinger J, Hyršl P, Hyánková L. Effects of experimentally increased in ovo lysozyme on egg hatchability, chicks complement activity, and phenotype in a precocial bird. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26205223 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In birds, spectrum of egg white proteins deposited into the egg during its formation are thought to be essential maternal effects. Particularly, egg white lysozyme (LSM), exhibiting great between and within species variability, is considered to be essential for developing avian embryos due to its physiological, antimicrobial, and innate immune defense functions. However, there have been few studies investigating effects of LSM on early post-hatching phenotype, despite its broad physiological and protective role during embryogenesis. Here, we test how experimentally increased concentrations of egg white LSM affect hatchability in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and chick phenotype immediately after hatching (particularly body weight, tarsus length, plasma LSM concentration, and plasma complement activity). Chicks from eggs with increased LSM concentration displayed reduced tarsus length compared to chicks from control eggs while hatchability, body weight and plasma LSM concentration were unaffected. It is worth noting that no effect of increased in ovo lysozyme on eggs hatchability could be related to pathogen-free environment during artificial incubation of experimental eggs causing minimal pressure on embryo viability. While tangible in vivo mechanisms during avian embryogenesis remain to be tested, our study is the first to document experimentally that egg white LSM appears to have growth-regulation role during embryo development, with possible underlying phenotypic consequences in the early post-hatching period in precocial birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Javůrková
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Group, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krkavcová
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Group, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Group, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Trentino, Italy
| | - Pavel Hyršl
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Hyánková
- Department of Genetics and breeding of farm animals, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Willems E, Koppenol A, De Ketelaere B, Wang Y, Franssens L, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Everaert N. Effects of nutritional programing on growth and metabolism caused by albumen removal in an avian model. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:89-100. [PMID: 25957190 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian models of prenatal undernutrition the maternal diet is manipulated, exerting both nutritional and hormonal effects on the offspring. In contrast, in the chicken, strictly nutritional effects can be applied. Prenatal protein undernutrition in chickens was induced by partial replacement of albumen with saline during early embryonic development (albumen-deprived group) and results were compared with a sham-manipulated and a non-manipulated group. Body weight of the albumen-deprived hens was reduced throughout the entire experimental period (0-55 weeks). The reproductive capacity was diminished in the albumen-deprived hens as reflected in the reduced number of eggs and lower egg weight. The plasma triiodothyronine levels were increased in the albumen-deprived group compared with the non-manipulated hens, but not the sham-manipulated hens. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 10 weeks of age revealed a decreased glucose tolerance in the albumen-deprived hens. During adulthood, an age-related loss of glucose tolerance was observed in the hens, leading to disappearance of treatment differences in the OGTT. The offspring of the albumen-deprived hens (PA chicks) had reduced body weight until at least 3 weeks of age. In addition, the PA chicks had a decreased relative residual yolk weight at hatching. An insulin tolerance test revealed increased sensitivity to insulin for the PA chicks compared with the offspring of the non-manipulated (PN) and sham-manipulated hens (PS). In conclusion, prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal caused long-term effects on body weight, reproductive performance, and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Willems
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Astrid Koppenol
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bart De Ketelaere
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lies Franssens
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eddy Decuypere
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium ILVO Animal Sciences Unit Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium Division of MeBioS Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 Box 2456, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Animal Science Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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15
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Egg laying characteristics, egg weight, embryo development, hatching weight and post-hatch growth in relation to oviposition time of broiler breeders. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 156:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Willems E, Hu TT, Soler Vasco L, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Arckens L, Everaert N. Embryonic protein undernutrition by albumen removal programs the hepatic amino acid and glucose metabolism during the perinatal period in an avian model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94902. [PMID: 24740266 PMCID: PMC3989345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different animal models have been used to study the effects of prenatal protein undernutrition and the mechanisms by which these occur. In mammals, the maternal diet is manipulated, exerting both direct nutritional and indirect hormonal effects. Chicken embryos develop independent from the hen in the egg. Therefore, in the chicken, the direct effects of protein deficiency by albumen removal early during incubation can be examined. Prenatal protein undernutrition was established in layer-type eggs by the partial replacement of albumen by saline at embryonic day 1 (albumen-deprived group), compared to a mock-treated sham and a non-treated control group. At hatch, survival of the albumen-deprived group was lower compared to the control and sham group due to increased early mortality by the manipulation. No treatment differences in yolk-free body weight or yolk weight could be detected. The water content of the yolk was reduced, whereas the water content of the carcass was increased in the albumen-deprived group, compared to the control group, indicating less uptake of nutrients from the yolk. At embryonic day 16, 20 and at hatch, plasma triiodothyronine (T3), corticosterone, lactate or glucose concentrations and hepatic glycogen content were not affected by treatment. At embryonic day 20, the plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations of the albumen-deprived embryos was reduced compared to the control group, indicating a decreased metabolic rate. Screening for differential protein expression in the liver at hatch using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis revealed not only changed abundance of proteins important for amino acid metabolism, but also of enzymes related to energy and glucose metabolism. Interestingly, GLUT1, a glucose transporter, and PCK2 and FBP1, two out of three regulatory enzymes of the gluconeogenesis were dysregulated. No parallel differences in gene expressions causing the differences in protein abundance could be detected pointing to post-transcriptional or post-translational regulation of the observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Willems
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tjing-Tjing Hu
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Soler Vasco
- Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Eddy Decuypere
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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