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Qi H, Zhang B, Lian F. 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds for bone defect repair: bone aging and immune regulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2025; 13:1557203. [PMID: 40242352 PMCID: PMC12000889 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1557203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
The management of bone defects, particularly in aging populations, remains a major clinical challenge. The immune microenvironment plays an important role in the repair of bone defects and a favorable immune environment can effectively promote the repair of bone defects. However, aging is closely associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which adversely affects bone healing. Persistent low-grade systemic inflammation critically regulates bone repair through all stages. This review explores the potential of 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds in bone defect repair, focusing on their capacity to modulate the immune microenvironment and counteract the effects of bone aging. The scaffolds not only provide structural support for bone regeneration but also serve as effective carriers for anti-osteoporosis drugs, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for treating osteoporotic bone defects. By regulating inflammation and improving the immune response, 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds may significantly enhance bone repair, particularly in the context of age-related bone degeneration. This approach underscores the potential of advanced biomaterials in addressing the dual challenges of bone aging and immune dysregulation, offering promising avenues for the development of effective treatments for bone defects in the elderly. We hope the concepts discussed in this review could offer novel therapeutic strategies for bone defect repair, and suggest promising avenues for the future development and optimization of bioceramic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feng Lian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Abedi N, Sadeghian A, Kouhi M, Haugen HJ, Savabi O, Nejatidanesh F. Immunomodulation in Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advancements in Scaffold Design and Biological Modifications for Enhanced Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2025; 11:1269-1290. [PMID: 39970366 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Bone defects, whether caused by trauma, cancer, infectious diseases, or surgery, can significantly impair people's quality of life. Although autografts are the gold standard for treating bone defects, they often fall short in adequately forming bone tissue. The field of bone tissue engineering has made strides in using scaffolds with various biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors to enhance bone healing. However, some biological structures do not yield satisfactory therapeutic outcomes for new bone formation. Recent studies have shed light on the crucial role of immunomodulation, specifically the interaction between the implanted scaffold and host immune systems, in bone regeneration. Immune cells, particularly macrophages, are pivotal in the inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. This review delves into the immune system's mechanism toward foreign bodies and the recent advancements in scaffolds' physical and biological properties that foster bone regeneration by modulating macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and enhancing the osteoimmune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Abedi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Aida Sadeghian
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Monireh Kouhi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Omid Savabi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Nejatidanesh
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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Huang L, Jiao Y, Xia H, Li H, Yu J, Que Y, Zeng Z, Fan C, Wang C, Yang C, Chang J. Strontium zinc silicate simultaneously alleviates osteoporosis and sarcopenia in tail-suspended rats via Piezo1-mediated Ca 2+ signaling. J Orthop Translat 2024; 48:146-155. [PMID: 39229332 PMCID: PMC11369381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term physical inactivity probably leads to a co-existence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia which result in a high risk of falls, fractures, disability and even mortality. However, universally applicable and feasible approaches are lacking in the concurrent treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. In this study, we evaluated the effect of strontium zinc silicate bioceramic (SZS) extract on osteoporosis and sarcopenia and explored its underlying mechanisms. Methods Hindlimb osteoporosis and sarcopenia were established in a tail-suspended rat model. The bones were conducted μCT scanning, histological examination, and gene expression analysis, and the muscles were conducted histological examination and gene expression analysis. In vitro, the effect of SZS extract on osteoblasts was determined by alizarin red S staining, immunofluorescence and qPCR. Similarly, the effect of SZS extract on myoblasts was determined by immunofluorescence and qPCR.. At last, the role of Piezo1 and the change of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) were explored through blockading the Piezo1 by GsMTx4 in MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells, respectively. Results We found that SZS extract could concurrently and efficiently prevent bone structure deterioration, muscle atrophy and fibrosis in hind limbs of the tail-suspended rats. The in vivo study also showed that SZS extract could upregulate the mRNA expression of Piezo1, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of bones and muscles. In vitro study demonstrated that SZS extract could promote the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells by increasing the intracellular Ca2+ in a Piezo1-dependent manner. Conclusion This study demonstrated that SZS extract could increase Piezo1-mediated intracellular Ca2+, and facilitate osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast and myogenic differentiation of myoblasts, contributing to alleviation of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in a tail-suspended rat model. The translational potential of this article The current study might provide a universally applicable and efficient strategy to treat musculoskeletal disorders based on bioactive ceramics. The verification of the role of Piezo1-modulated intracellular Ca2+ during osteogenesis and myogenesis provided a possible therapeutic target against mechanical related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Huang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiren Jiao
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hangbin Xia
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Huili Li
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yumei Que
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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Özcolak B, Erenay B, Odabaş S, Jandt KD, Garipcan B. Effects of bone surface topography and chemistry on macrophage polarization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12721. [PMID: 38830871 PMCID: PMC11148019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface structure plays a crucial role in determining cell behavior on biomaterials, influencing cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, as well as immune cells and macrophage polarization. While grooves and ridges stimulate M2 polarization and pits and bumps promote M1 polarization, these structures do not accurately mimic the real bone surface. Consequently, the impact of mimicking bone surface topography on macrophage polarization remains unknown. Understanding the synergistic sequential roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in osteoimmunomodulation is crucial for effective bone tissue engineering. Thus, exploring the impact of bone surface microstructure mimicking biomaterials on macrophage polarization is critical. In this study, we aimed to sequentially activate M1 and M2 macrophages using Poly-L-Lactic acid (PLA) membranes with bone surface topographical features mimicked through the soft lithography technique. To mimic the bone surface topography, a bovine femur was used as a model surface, and the membranes were further modified with collagen type-I and hydroxyapatite to mimic the bone surface microenvironment. To determine the effect of these biomaterials on macrophage polarization, we conducted experimental analysis that contained estimating cytokine release profiles and characterizing cell morphology. Our results demonstrated the potential of the hydroxyapatite-deposited bone surface-mimicked PLA membranes to trigger sequential and synergistic M1 and M2 macrophage polarizations, suggesting their ability to achieve osteoimmunomodulatory macrophage polarization for bone tissue engineering applications. Although further experimental studies are required to completely investigate the osteoimmunomodulatory effects of these biomaterials, our results provide valuable insights into the potential advantages of biomaterials that mimic the complex microenvironment of bone surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgün Özcolak
- Biomimetic and Bioinspired Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berkay Erenay
- Biomimetic and Bioinspired Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedat Odabaş
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory (bteLAB), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM), Ankara University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS), Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Biomimetic and Bioinspired Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Rajendran AK, Anthraper MSJ, Hwang NS, Rangasamy J. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis promoting bioactive ceramics. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: R: REPORTS 2024; 159:100801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2024.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
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Du L, Wu J, Han Y, Wu C. Immunomodulatory multicellular scaffolds for tendon-to-bone regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6610. [PMID: 38457502 PMCID: PMC10923514 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Limited motor activity due to the loss of natural structure impedes recovery in patients suffering from tendon-to-bone injury. Conventional biomaterials focus on strengthening the regenerative ability of tendons/bones to restore natural structure. However, owing to ignoring the immune environment and lack of multi-tissue regenerative function, satisfactory outcomes remain elusive. Here, combined manganese silicate (MS) nanoparticles with tendon/bone-related cells, the immunomodulatory multicellular scaffolds were fabricated for integrated regeneration of tendon-to-bone. Notably, by integrating biomimetic cellular distribution and MS nanoparticles, the multicellular scaffolds exhibited diverse bioactivities. Moreover, MS nanoparticles enhanced the specific differentiation of multicellular scaffolds via regulating macrophages, which was mainly attributed to the secretion of PGE2 in macrophages induced by Mn ions. Furthermore, three animal results indicated that the scaffolds achieved immunomodulation, integrated regeneration, and function recovery at tendon-to-bone interfaces. Thus, the multicellular scaffolds based on inorganic biomaterials offer an innovative concept for immunomodulation and integrated regeneration of soft/hard tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Han
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Fu M, Yang C, Sun G. Recent advances in immunomodulatory hydrogels biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:48-62. [PMID: 37742359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a high incidence of fractures in clinical practice and therapy. The repairment of critical size defects in the skeletal system remains a huge challenge for surgeons and researchers, which can be overcame by the application of bone tissue-engineered biomaterials. An increasing number of investigations have revealed that the immune system plays a vital role in the repair of bone defects, especially macrophages, which can modulate the integration of biomaterials and bone regeneration in multiple ways. Therefore, it has become increasingly important in regenerative medicine to regulate macrophage polarization to prevent inflammation caused by biomaterial implantation. Recent studies have stressed the importance of hydrogel-based modifications and the incorporation of various cellular and molecular signals for regulating immune responses to promote bone tissue regeneration and integrate biomaterials. In this review, we first elaborate briefly on the described the general physiological mechanism and process of bone tissue regeneration. Then, we summarized the immunomodulatory role macrophages play in bone repair. In addition, the role of hydrogel-based immune modification targeting macrophage modulation in accelerating and enhancing bone tissue regeneration was also discussed. Finally, we highlighted future directions and research strategies related to hydrogel optimization for the regulation of the immune response during bone regeneration and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fu
- Guixin Sun - Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chensong Yang
- Guixin Sun - Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guixin Sun
- Guixin Sun - Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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