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Ji Y, Chen H, Pang L, Chen C, Wang S, Chen J, Fang L, Liu B, Cheng Y, Liu S, Zhong Y. AGE induced macrophage-derived exosomes induce endothelial dysfunction in diabetes via miR-22-5p/FOXP1. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2025; 24:158. [PMID: 40205587 PMCID: PMC11983961 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-025-02715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is a pivotal contributor to cardiovascular complications in individuals with diabetes. However, the precise role of macrophages and their exosomes in the diabetic milieu remains elusive. METHODS Exosomes (Exos) were isolated from the supernatants of macrophages treated with advanced glycation end products (AGE) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) using ultracentrifugation. Following coculture with AGE-Exos or BSA-Exos, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to CCK-8, EdU, cell migration, monocyte adhesion, and tube formation assays. ELISA and Western blotting were employed to assess inflammatory cytokine release and protein expression levels in HUVECs. The miRNA expression profiles of AGE-Exos and BSA-Exos were analysed using miRNA arrays. Potential targets of miR-22-5p were predicted via miRNA databases and validated through RT‒qPCR, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and rescue experiments. Furthermore, a Rab27a knockout mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. Aortic tissues were analysed via immunofluorescence for CD63 and CD31 expression, immunohistochemistry for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, and Western blotting for FOXP1 expression. RESULTS AGE stimulation increased the secretion of exosomes from macrophages. Compared with BSA-Exos, AGE-Exos significantly impaired endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation capabilities while increasing monocyte adhesion and proinflammatory cytokine release without affecting cell viability. miR-22-5p was enriched in AGE-Exos, which were subsequently transferred to HUVECs, specifically targeting FOXP1, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Overexpression of miR-22-5p in HUVECs using lentiviral vectors recapitulated the inflammatory effects observed with AGE-Exos, whereas anti-miR-22-5p conferred protective effects. Rab27a knockout significantly reduced exosome accumulation in T2DM model mouse aortic tissues, alleviating endothelial discontinuity, downregulating VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, and upregulating FOXP1 expression. CONCLUSIONS AGE-induced release of macrophage-derived exosomes may partially depend on Rab27a transport, which delivers miR-22-5p to ECs. This miR-22-5p targets FOXP1 in ECs, leading to inflammation and resulting in endothelial dysfunction that accelerates the development of diabetic vascular lesions.
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MESH Headings
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Animals
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Exosomes/pathology
- Exosomes/drug effects
- Exosomes/transplantation
- Humans
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/toxicity
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Cell Movement
- Male
- Signal Transduction
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/toxicity
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Mice
- Cell Adhesion
- Repressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Afliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanzhen Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Afliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
- DongGuan SongShan Lake Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Pang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Changnong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Afliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Afliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Benrong Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Afliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongruo Cheng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Afliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Afliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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Jimenez-Trinidad FR, Calvo-Gomez S, Sabaté M, Brugaletta S, Campuzano V, Egea G, Dantas AP. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1008. [PMID: 39940780 PMCID: PMC11816526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26031008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough overview of the vital role that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play in endothelial dysfunction, particularly emphasizing how physiological factors-such as sex and aging-along with significant cardiovascular risk factors, influence this process. The review covers studies ranging from the first description of EVs in 1945 to contemporary insights into their biological roles in intercellular signaling and endothelial dysfunction. A comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed articles and reviews indexed in the PubMed database was conducted to compile the information. Initially, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms included keywords aimed at providing general knowledge about the role of EVs in the regulation of endothelial signaling, such as "extracellular vesicles", "endothelium", and "intercellular signaling". Subsequently, terms related to the pathophysiological implications of EV interactions with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease were added, including "cardiovascular disease", "sex", "aging", "atherosclerosis", "obesity", and "diabetes". Additionally, the potential applications of EVs in cardiovascular disease were explored using the MeSH terms "extracellular vesicles", "cardiovascular disease", "biomarker", and "therapeutic strategy". The results of this bibliographical review reveal that EVs have the capacity to induce various cellular responses within the cardiovascular system and play a significant role in the complex landscape of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. The composition of the EV cargo is subject to modification by pathophysiological conditions such as sex, aging, and cardiovascular risk factors, which result in a complex regulatory influence on endothelial function and neighboring cells when released from a dysfunctional endothelium. Moreover, the data suggest that this field still requires further exploration, as EV biology is continuously evolving, presenting a dynamic and engaging area for research. A deeper understanding of the molecular cargo involved in EV-endothelium interactions could yield valuable biomarkers for monitoring cardiovascular disease progression and facilitate the development of innovative bioengineered therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rafael Jimenez-Trinidad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.J.-T.); (V.C.); (G.E.)
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular (ICCV), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Division of Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Renal Pathobiology and Bioengineering, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Calvo-Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Manel Sabaté
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular (ICCV), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Division of Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Renal Pathobiology and Bioengineering, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular (ICCV), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Division of Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Renal Pathobiology and Bioengineering, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Campuzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.J.-T.); (V.C.); (G.E.)
- Rare Diseases Biomedical Research Network Center (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Egea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.J.-T.); (V.C.); (G.E.)
- Division of Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Renal Pathobiology and Bioengineering, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerpen, 2659 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.J.-T.); (V.C.); (G.E.)
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular (ICCV), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Division of Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Renal Pathobiology and Bioengineering, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Chaubey GK, Modanwal R, Dilawari R, Talukdar S, Dhiman A, Chaudhary S, Patidar A, Raje CI, Raje M. Chronic hyperglycemia impairs anti-microbial function of macrophages in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunol Res 2024; 72:644-653. [PMID: 38347341 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), though the underlying mechanisms linking DM and TB remain ambiguous. Macrophages are a key player in the innate immune response and their phagocytic ability is enhanced in response to microbial infections. Upon infection or inflammation, they also repel invading pathogens by generating; reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). However, the robustness of these innate defensive capabilities of macrophages when exposed to hyperglycemia remains unclear. In our current work, we explored the production of these host defense molecules in response to challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Utilizing peritoneal macrophages from high-fat diet + streptozotocin induced diabetic mice and hyperglycemic THP-1-derived macrophages as model systems; we found that LPS stimulation and Mtb infection were ineffective in stimulating the production of ROS, RNS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in cells exposed to hyperglycemia. On the contrary, an increase in production of anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed. To confirm the mechanism of decreased anti-bacterial activity of the diabetic macrophage, we explored activation status of these compromised macrophages and found decreased surface expression of activation (TLR-4) and differentiation markers (CD11b and CD11c). We postulate that this could be the cause for higher susceptibility for Mtb infection among diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radheshyam Modanwal
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rahul Dilawari
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sharmila Talukdar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Surbhi Chaudhary
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Anil Patidar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Chaaya Iyengar Raje
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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4
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Miotto PM, Yang CH, Keenan SN, De Nardo W, Beddows CA, Fidelito G, Dodd GT, Parker BL, Hill AF, Burton PR, Loh K, Watt MJ. Liver-derived extracellular vesicles improve whole-body glycaemic control via inter-organ communication. Nat Metab 2024; 6:254-272. [PMID: 38263317 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are signalling messengers that regulate inter-tissue communication through delivery of their molecular cargo. Here, we show that liver-derived EVs are acute regulators of whole-body glycaemic control in mice. Liver EV secretion into the circulation is increased in response to hyperglycaemia, resulting in increased glucose effectiveness and insulin secretion through direct inter-organ EV signalling to skeletal muscle and the pancreas, respectively. This acute blood glucose lowering effect occurs in healthy and obese mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, despite marked remodelling of the liver-derived EV proteome in obese mice. The EV-mediated blood glucose lowering effects were recapitulated by administration of liver EVs derived from humans with or without progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting broad functional conservation of liver EV signalling and potential therapeutic utility. Taken together, this work reveals a mechanism whereby liver EVs act on peripheral tissues via endocrine signalling to restore euglycaemia in the postprandial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Miotto
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chieh-Hsin Yang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacey N Keenan
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William De Nardo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cait A Beddows
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gio Fidelito
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul R Burton
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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5
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Martínez-Santos M, Ybarra M, Oltra M, Muriach M, Romero FJ, Pires ME, Sancho-Pelluz J, Barcia JM. Role of Exosomal miR-205-5p Cargo in Angiogenesis and Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:934. [PMID: 38256008 PMCID: PMC10815498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) represent a pivotal component in intercellular communication, carrying a diverse array of biomolecules. Several factors can affect sEVs release dynamics, as occurs in hyperglycemia or inflammation. In fact, sEVs release has been associated with the promotion of physio-pathological processes. Among the sEVs cargo, microRNAs play an essential role in cell-to-cell regulation. More concretely, miR-205-5p is related to angiogenesis and cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to understand the specific role of sEVs containing miR-205-5p under high glucose conditions. ARPE-19 cells were cultured with high glucose (HG) for 5 days. sEVs were isolated and characterized. sEVs from ARPE-19 were used for angiogenesis and cell proliferation. HG increased sEVs release but downregulated miR-205-5p cargo expression compared to the control. sEVs from HG-treated ARPE-19 cells promoted tube formation and migration processes. In contrast, miR-205-5p overexpression (by mimic transfection) decreased angiogenesis and cell migration. Our results demonstrate how ARPE-19 cells respond to HG challenge by increasing sEVs with weak miR-205-5p cargo. The absence of this miRNA in sEVs is enough to promote angiogenesis. In contrast, restoring sEVs-miR-205-5p levels decreased it. These findings open new possibilities in sEVs-based therapies containing miR-205-5p against angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martínez-Santos
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Ybarra
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Oltra
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Muriach
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Jaime I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12006 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Romero
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Maria E. Pires
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge M. Barcia
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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An Y, Xu BT, Wan SR, Ma XM, Long Y, Xu Y, Jiang ZZ. The role of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:237. [PMID: 37660030 PMCID: PMC10475205 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by long-term hyperglycaemia, which leads to microangiopathy and macroangiopathy and ultimately increases the mortality of diabetic patients. Endothelial dysfunction, which has been recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy, is characterized by a reduction in NO bioavailability. Oxidative stress, which is the main pathogenic factor in diabetes, is one of the major triggers of endothelial dysfunction through the reduction in NO. In this review, we summarize the four sources of ROS in the diabetic vasculature and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the pathogenic factors hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, adipokines and insulin resistance induce oxidative stress in endothelial cells in the context of diabetes. In addition, we discuss oxidative stress-targeted interventions, including hypoglycaemic drugs, antioxidants and lifestyle interventions, and their effects on diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. In summary, our review provides comprehensive insight into the roles of oxidative stress in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bu-Tuo Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Wan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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7
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Adetunji JA, Fasae KD, Awe AI, Paimo OK, Adegoke AM, Akintunde JK, Sekhoacha MP. The protective roles of citrus flavonoids, naringenin, and naringin on endothelial cell dysfunction in diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17166. [PMID: 37484296 PMCID: PMC10361329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells (ECs) make up the inner lining of blood vessels, acting as a barrier separating the blood and the tissues in several organs. ECs maintain endothelium integrity by controlling the constriction and relaxation of the vasculature, blood fluidity, adhesion, and migration. These actions of ECs are efficiently coordinated via an intricate signaling network connecting receptors, and a wide range of cellular macromolecules. ECs are naturally quiescent i.e.; they are not stimulated and do not proliferate. Upon infection or disease, ECs become activated, and this alteration is pivotal in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of human neurological, cardiovascular, diabetic, cancerous, and viral diseases. Considering the central position that ECs play in disease pathogenesis, therapeutic options have been targeted at improving ECs integrity, assembly, functioning, and health. The dietary intake of flavonoids present in citrus fruits has been associated with a reduced risk of endothelium dysfunction. Naringenin (NGN) and Naringin (NAR), major flavonoids in grapefruit, tomatoes, and oranges possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and cell survival potentials, which improve the health of the vascular endothelium. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and present the advances in understanding of the mechanisms through which NGN and NAR modulate the biomarkers of vascular dysfunction and protect the endothelium against unresolved inflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and angiogenesis. We also provide perspectives and suggest further studies that will help assess the efficacy of citrus flavonoids in the therapeutics of human vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy A. Adetunji
- Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde D. Fasae
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Ayobami I. Awe
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA
| | - Oluwatomiwa K. Paimo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji M. Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K. Akintunde
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mamello P. Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Wu YL, Lin ZJ, Li CC, Lin X, Shan SK, Guo B, Zheng MH, Li F, Yuan LQ, Li ZH. Epigenetic regulation in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and advances in clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:98. [PMID: 36864020 PMCID: PMC9981733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics regulates gene expression and has been confirmed to play a critical role in a variety of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), osteoporosis, gout, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and others. The term 'epigenetics' was firstly proposed in 1942 and with the development of technologies, the exploration of epigenetics has made great progresses. There are four main epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling, and noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which exert different effects on metabolic diseases. Genetic and non-genetic factors, including ageing, diet, and exercise, interact with epigenetics and jointly affect the formation of a phenotype. Understanding epigenetics could be applied to diagnosing and treating metabolic diseases in the clinic, including epigenetic biomarkers, epigenetic drugs, and epigenetic editing. In this review, we introduce the brief history of epigenetics as well as the milestone events since the proposal of the term 'epigenetics'. Moreover, we summarise the research methods of epigenetics and introduce four main general mechanisms of epigenetic modulation. Furthermore, we summarise epigenetic mechanisms in metabolic diseases and introduce the interaction between epigenetics and genetic or non-genetic factors. Finally, we introduce the clinical trials and applications of epigenetics in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Fuxingzi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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