1,3-Thiazine, 1,2,3,4-Dithiadiazole, and Thiohydrazide Derivatives Affect Lipid Bilayer Properties and Ion-Permeable Pores Induced by Antifungals

One-step synthesis of diaryloxadiazoles as potent inhibitors of BCRP

Aim: BCRP plays a major role in the efflux of cytotoxic molecules, limiting their antiproliferative activity. We aimed to design and synthesize new BCRP inhibitors to render cancerous tumors more sensitive toward anticancer agents. Materials & methods: Based on our previous work, we conceived potential BCRP inhibitors derived from 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing two substituted phenyl rings. Results: Evaluating 19 derivatives, we found that 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles possessing methoxy groups were the most active. The highest activity was recorded with derivatives bearing three methoxy groups. The most active compound (3j) was selective in inhibiting BCRP and nontoxic as evidenced by cellular tests. Conclusion: 3j is a promising BCRP inhibitor thanks to its synthetic accessibility and biological profile.

1,2,3,4-dithiadiazole derivatives as a novel class of calcium signaling modulators

Aberrant calcium signaling is associated with a diverse range of pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc… So, therapeutic strategies based on the correction of pathological calcium signaling are becoming extremely in demand. Thus, the development of novel calcium signaling modulators remains highly actual. Previously we found that 1,2,3,4-dithiadiazole derivative 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3H-1,2,3,4-dithiadiazole-2-oxide can strongly reduce calcium uptake through store-operated calcium (SOC) channels. Here we tested several structurally related compounds and found that most of them can effectively affect SOC channels and attenuate calcium content in the endoplasmic reticulum, thus, establishing 1,2,3,4-dithiadiazoles as a novel class of SOC channel inhibitors. Comparing different 1,2,3,4-dithiadiazole derivatives we showed that previously published 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3H-1,2,3,4-dithiadiazole-2-oxide and newly tested 3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-3H-1,2,3,4-dithiadiazole 2-oxide demonstrated the highest efficacy of SOC entry reduction, supposing the important role of electron-withdrawing substituents to realize the inhibitory activity of 1,2,3,4-dithiadiazoles.

Synthetic aspects of 1,4- and 1,5-benzodiazepines using o-phenylenediamine: a study of past quinquennial

Benzodiazepines, seven-membered heterocyclic compounds having two nitrogen atoms at different positions, are ruling scaffolds in the area of pharmaceutical industry. They act as cardinal moieties in organic synthesis as well as in medicinal chemistry. Among the different benzodiazepines, 1,4- and 1,5-benzodiazepines play a far-reaching role in the field of biological activities such as anticonvulsion, anti-anxiety, sedation, and hypnotics. In the past few decades, researchers have conducted a lot of work on these moieties and developed broad, valuable, and significant approaches for their synthesis. In this review article, we recapitulate the systematic synthetic strategies of 1,4- and 1,5-benzodiazepines using o-phenylenediamine as a precursor over the past five years (2018-2022). This article will be helpful for scientists and researchers to examine and explore novel and efficient methods for the synthesis of these biologically active moieties.