1
|
Shroff NP, Xu P, Kim S, Shelton ER, Gross BJ, Liu Y, Gomez CO, Ye Q, Drennon TY, Hu JK, Green JBA, Campàs O, Klein OD. Proliferation-driven mechanical compression induces signalling centre formation during mammalian organ development. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:519-529. [PMID: 38570617 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Localized sources of morphogens, called signalling centres, play a fundamental role in coordinating tissue growth and cell fate specification during organogenesis. However, how these signalling centres are established in tissues during embryonic development is still unclear. Here we show that the main signalling centre orchestrating development of rodent incisors, the enamel knot (EK), is specified by a cell proliferation-driven buildup in compressive stresses (mechanical pressure) in the tissue. Direct mechanical measurements indicate that the stresses generated by cell proliferation are resisted by the surrounding tissue, creating a circular pattern of mechanical anisotropy with a region of high compressive stress at its centre that becomes the EK. Pharmacological inhibition of proliferation reduces stresses and suppresses EK formation, and application of external pressure in proliferation-inhibited conditions rescues the formation of the EK. Mechanical information is relayed intracellularly through YAP protein localization, which is cytoplasmic in the region of compressive stress that establishes the EK and nuclear in the stretched anisotropic cells that resist the pressure buildup around the EK. Together, our data identify a new role for proliferation-driven mechanical compression in the specification of a model signalling centre during mammalian organ development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pincha Shroff
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elijah R Shelton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ben J Gross
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yucen Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O Gomez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Qianlin Ye
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingsheng Yu Drennon
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jimmy K Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy B A Green
- Centre for Craniofacial Regeneration and Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Otger Campàs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karaman GE, Ünal İ, Beler M, Üstündağ FD, Cansız D, Üstündağ ÜV, Emekli-Alturfan E, Akyüz S. Toothpastes for children and their detergent contents affect molecular mechanisms of odontogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:15-25. [PMID: 36444776 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2150208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate how different types of toothpaste (TP) for children affected molecular mechanisms of odontogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Commercially available TPs were selected according to their detergent contents as the cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) containing TP (TP1) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) containing TP (TP2). TP3 contained no detergent. Effects of SLS, and CAPB alone were also examined. TP and detergent concentrations affecting development were determined as 750 mg/L and 4 mg/L, respectively. Embryos were exposed to TP1, TP2, TP3, SLS, CAPB, and embryo medium (control) for 72 h post fertilization. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Expressions of tooth development genes were evaluated by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Intraocular distance, lower jaw, and ceratohyal cartilage length were displayed using Alcian Blue staining. axin2 and wnt10a expressions increased in SLS and TP2 groups. igf2a and eve1 expressions decreased in all groups except TP3. nrOb1 expression decreased in TP1, SLS, and CAPB groups. Oxidant-antioxidant balance was disturbed in all groups except TP3, evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide. SLS, and CAPB groups were more affected in terms of AChE, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase; perturbations were observed in cartilage structures. Altered expression of tooth development gene axin2 correlated with wnt10a, and with changes in cartilage structures in SLS and TP2 groups. TP3 group presented no disruptions in oxidant-antioxidant balance. Our study shows the availability of externally developing zebrafish embryos in examining the effects of TP' contents on embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Ece Karaman
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fümet Duygu Üstündağ
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Akyüz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jang S, Kim US, Lee S, Kim E, Jung HS, Shin SJ, Kang S, Chang I, Kim S. Biological Function and Potential Applications of Garcinol in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2023; 49:1652-1659. [PMID: 37657731 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The regeneration of pulp tissue is crucial for true regenerative endodontic treatment, which requires a reduction in osteogenic differentiation. Garcinol, a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, is a natural regulator that is known to suppress the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. In this study, the inhibitory effect of garcinol on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was evaluated using three-dimensional culture under in vitro and in vivo conditions. METHODS hDPSCs were obtained from caries-free third molars and cultured with 10 μM garcinol for 7 days in an ultra-low attachment plate. The cell stemness and expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and single-cell analysis. A transplantation experiment was performed in mice to investigate whether garcinol-treated hDPSCs showed restrained osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS hDPSCs cultured in the U-shaped ultra-low attachment plate showed the highest expression of stemness-related genes. Garcinol-treated hDPSCs demonstrated downregulation of osteogenic differentiation, with lower expression of bone sialoprotein, which is related to bone formation, and higher expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein, which is related to dentin formation. However, the garcinol-treated hDPSCs did not show any alterations in their stemness. Consistent results were observed in the transplantation experiment in mice. CONCLUSIONS Garcinol reduced the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, which can contribute to true regenerative endodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Jang
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Uk-Seong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sukjoon Lee
- Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sumi Kang
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insoon Chang
- Section of Endodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Science, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sunil Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Varadinkova S, Oralova V, Clarke M, Frampton J, Knopfova L, Lesot H, Bartos P, Matalova E. Expression dynamics of metalloproteinases during mandibular bone formation: association with Myb transcription factor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1168866. [PMID: 37701782 PMCID: PMC10493412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1168866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As the dentition forms and becomes functional, the alveolar bone is remodelled. Metalloproteinases are known to contribute to this process, but new regulators are emerging and their contextualization is challenging. This applies to Myb, a transcription factor recently reported to be involved in bone development and regeneration. The regulatory effect of Myb on Mmps expression has mostly been investigated in tumorigenesis, where Myb impacted the expression of Mmp1, Mmp2, Mmp7, and Mmp9. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the regulatory influence of the Myb on Mmps gene expression, impacting osteogenesis and mandibular bone formation. For that purpose, knock-out mouse model was used. Gene expression of bone-related Mmps and the key osteoblastic transcription factors Runx2 and Sp7 was analysed in Myb knock-out mice mandibles at the survival limit. Out of the metalloproteinases under study, Mmp13 was significantly downregulated. The impact of Myb on the expression of Mmp13 was confirmed by the overexpression of Myb in calvarial-derived cells causing upregulation of Mmp13. Expression of Mmp13 in the context of other Mmps during mandibular/alveolar bone development was followed in vivo along with Myb, Sp7 and Runx2. The most significant changes were observed in the expression of Mmp9 and Mmp13. These MMPs and MYB were further localized in situ by immunohistochemistry and were identified in pre/osteoblastic cells as well as in pre/osteocytes. In conclusion, these results provide a comprehensive insight into the expression dynamics of bone related Mmps during mandibular/alveolar bone formation and point to Myb as another potential regulator of Mmp13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Varadinkova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - V. Oralova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - M. Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J. Frampton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - L. Knopfova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - H. Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - P. Bartos
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - E. Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sui BD, Zheng CX, Zhao WM, Xuan K, Li B, Jin Y. Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1899-1964. [PMID: 36656056 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The teeth are vertebrate-specific, highly specialized organs performing fundamental functions of mastication and speech, the maintenance of which is crucial for orofacial homeostasis and is further linked to systemic health and human psychosocial well-being. However, with limited ability for self-repair, the teeth can often be impaired by traumatic, inflammatory, and progressive insults, leading to high prevalence of tooth loss and defects worldwide. Regenerative medicine holds the promise to achieve physiological restoration of lost or damaged organs, and in particular an evolving framework of developmental engineering has pioneered functional tooth regeneration by harnessing the odontogenic program. As a key event of tooth morphogenesis, mesenchymal condensation dictates dental tissue formation and patterning through cellular self-organization and signaling interaction with the epithelium, which provides a representative to decipher organogenetic mechanisms and can be leveraged for regenerative purposes. In this review, we summarize how mesenchymal condensation spatiotemporally assembles from dental stem cells (DSCs) and sequentially mediates tooth development. We highlight condensation-mimetic engineering efforts and mechanisms based on ex vivo aggregation of DSCs, which have achieved functionally robust and physiologically relevant tooth regeneration after implantation in animals and in humans. The discussion of this aspect will add to the knowledge of development-inspired tissue engineering strategies and will offer benefits to propel clinical organ regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klf4 haploinsufficiency in Sp7+ lineage leads to underdeveloped mandibles and insufficient elongation of mandibular incisor. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166636. [PMID: 36584722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mandible is an important component of the craniofacial bones, whose development is regulated by complex molecular networks and involves the well-coordinated development of the bone, cartilage, and teeth. Previously, we demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) promoted dentinogenesis and osteogenesis, but it was enigmatic whether Klf4 participated in the development of the mandible. In this study, the Sp7-Cre; Klf4f/+ mice exhibited underdeveloped mandibles and insufficient elongation of the mandibular incisor when compared with Klf4f/+ and Sp7-Cre mice. Moreover, morphological and molecular analysis showed that the alveolar bone mass was significantly decreased in KLF4 deficient mice, accompanied by reduced expression of osteoblast-related genes. Meanwhile, the KLF4 deficient mice had decreased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and no significant change of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the alveolar bone near the mandibular incisor. Simultaneously, the osteoclastogenesis in the alveolar bone of KLF4 deficient mice was attenuated, which was demonstrated by a diminished number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP+), matrix metallopeptidase 9 positive (MMP9+), and cathepsin K positive (CTSK+) multinucleated osteoclasts, respectively. Collectively, our study suggested that Klf4 participated in mandibular development, and Klf4 in Sp7+ lineage affected osteogenesis directly and osteoclastogenesis indirectly.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nun N, Joy A. Fabrication and Bioactivity of Peptide-Conjugated Biomaterial Tissue Engineering Constructs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200342. [PMID: 35822458 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering combines materials engineering, cells and biochemical factors to improve, restore or replace various types of biological tissues. A nearly limitless combination of these strategies can be combined, providing a means to augment the function of a number of biological tissues such as skin tissue, neural tissue, bones, and cartilage. Compounds such as small molecule therapeutics, proteins, and even living cells have been incorporated into tissue engineering constructs to influence biological processes at the site of implantation. Peptides have been conjugated to tissue engineering constructs to circumvent limitations associated with conjugation of proteins or incorporation of cells. This review highlights various contemporary examples in which peptide conjugation is used to overcome the disadvantages associated with the inclusion of other bioactive compounds. This review covers several peptides that are commonly used in the literature as well as those that do not appear as frequently to provide a broad scope of the utility of the peptide conjugation technique for designing constructs capable of influencing the repair and regeneration of various bodily tissues. Additionally, a brief description of the construct fabrication techniques encountered in the covered examples and their advantages in various tissue engineering applications is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Nun
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44321, USA
| | - Abraham Joy
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44321, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang T, Miao S, Shen J, Song W, Tan S, Ma D. Enhanced effects of antagomiR-3074-3p-conjugated PEI-AuNPs on the odontogenic differentiation by targeting FKBP9. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231184512. [PMID: 37441553 PMCID: PMC10333998 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231184512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which is vital for tooth regeneration, was regulated by various functional molecules. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that miRNAs play a crucial role in the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). However, the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulated odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs remained unclear, and the application of miRNAs in reparative dentin formation in vivo was also rare. In this study, we first discovered that miR-3074-3p had an inhibitory effect on odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and antagomiR-3074-3p-conjugated PEI-AuNPs effectively promoted odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro. AntagomiR-3074-3p-conjugated PEI-AuNPs was further applied to the rat pulp-capping model and showed the increased formation of restorative dentin. In addition, the results of lentivirus transfection in vitro suggested that FKBP9 acted as the key target of miR-3074-3p in regulating the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. These findings might provide a new strategy and candidate target for dentin restoration and tooth regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Endodontics,
Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University,
Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghong Miao
- College of Stomatology, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, Foshan
University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjie Shen
- School of Material Science and
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Material Science and
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Tan
- Department of Endodontics,
Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University,
Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics,
Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University,
Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fu T, Liu Y, Huang X, Guo Y, Shen J, Shen H. lncRNA SNHG1 regulates odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via miR-328-3p/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:311. [PMID: 35841022 PMCID: PMC9284872 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elucidating the mechanism of odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is the key to in-depth mastery and development of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). In odontogenic differentiation, lncRNAs have a regulatory role. The goal of this research is to determine the involvement of short nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) in hDPSCs’ odontogenic differentiation and the mechanism that underpins it. Methods hDPSCs were isolated from the dental pulp tissue of healthy immature permanent teeth. Follow-up experiments were performed when the third generation of primary cells were transfected. The proliferation ability was measured by CCK-8. The biological effects of SNHG1 and miR-328-3p were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot (WB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, alizarin red S staining (ARS) and quantification, and immunofluorescence staining. The binding of SNHG1 and miR-328-3p was confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. qRT-PCR and WB were used to determine whether the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated. Results On the 0th, 3rd, and 7th days of odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, SNHG1 showed a gradual up-regulation trend. SNHG1 overexpression enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) and ALP. We found that SNHG1 could bind to miR-328-3p. miR-328-3p inhibited the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Therefore, miR-328-3p mimics rescued the effect of SNHG1 overexpression on promoting odontogenic differentiation. In addition, SNHG1 inhibited Wnt/β-catenin pathway via miR-328-3p in odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Conclusion lncRNA SNHG1 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin pathway through miR-328-3p and then promotes the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02979-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiaping Shen
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu G, Yang Y, Min KS, Lee BN, Hwang YC. Odontogenic Effect of Icariin on the Human Dental Pulp Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58030434. [PMID: 35334610 PMCID: PMC8948804 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) can be used for dentin regeneration due to its odontogenic differentiation property. Icariin can induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, its potential to induce odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of icariin to induce odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Materials and Methods: Cell viability assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of icariin to HDPCs. Effect of icariin on HDPCs chemotaxis was measured by scratch migration assay. The mineralized and odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP 1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). In addition, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway of icariin-induced biomineralization was investigated by Western blot. Results: Cells treated with icariin at all concentrations tested maintained viability, indicating that icariin was biocompatible. Icariin accelerated HDPCs chemotaxis (p < 0.05). Expression levels of related odontogenic markers were increased in the presence of icariin (p < 0.05). Icariin-induced odontogenic differentiation occurred via activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, MAPK inhibitors suppressed expression levels of DSPP and DMP 1 protein, ALP activity, and mineralization of HDPCs. Conclusions: Icariin can upregulate odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs by triggering the MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (G.L.); (B.-N.L.)
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Dental Implant Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (G.L.); (B.-N.L.)
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (G.L.); (B.-N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-5831
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan C, Yu J. Noncoding RNA in Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.806001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve the desired outcome in tissue engineering regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells need to undergo a series of biological processes, including differentiating into the ideal target cells. The extracellular vesicle (EV) in the microenvironment contributes toward determining the fate of the cells with epigenetic regulation, particularly from noncoding RNA (ncRNA), and exerts transportation and protective effects on ncRNAs. We focused on the components and functions of ncRNA (particularly microRNA) in the EVs. The EVs modified by the ncRNA favor tissue regeneration and pose a potential challenge.
Collapse
|
12
|
Thomson L, Muresan L, Steventon B. The zebrafish presomitic mesoderm elongates through compaction-extension. Cells Dev 2021. [PMID: 34597846 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.11.434927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrate embryos the presomitic mesoderm becomes progressively segmented into somites at the anterior end while extending along the anterior-posterior axis. A commonly adopted model to explain how this tissue elongates is that of posterior growth, driven in part by the addition of new cells from uncommitted progenitor populations in the tailbud. However, in zebrafish, much of somitogenesis is associated with an absence of overall volume increase, and posterior progenitors do not contribute new cells until the final stages of somitogenesis. Here, we perform a comprehensive 3D morphometric analysis of the paraxial mesoderm and reveal that extension is linked to a volumetric decrease and an increase in cell density. We also find that individual cells decrease in volume over successive somite stages. Live cell tracking confirms that much of this tissue deformation occurs within the presomitic mesoderm progenitor zone and is associated with non-directional rearrangement. Taken together, we propose a compaction-extension mechanism of tissue elongation that highlights the need to better understand the role tissue intrinsic and extrinsic forces in regulating morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Thomson
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Leila Muresan
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hermans F, Hemeryck L, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A, Vankelecom H. Intertwined Signaling Pathways Governing Tooth Development: A Give-and-Take Between Canonical Wnt and Shh. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758203. [PMID: 34778267 PMCID: PMC8586510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth play essential roles in life. Their development relies on reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm-derived dental epithelium and the underlying neural crest-originated mesenchyme. This odontogenic process serves as a prototype model for the development of ectodermal appendages. In the mouse, developing teeth go through distinct morphological phases that are tightly controlled by epithelial signaling centers. Crucial molecular regulators of odontogenesis include the evolutionarily conserved Wnt, BMP, FGF and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways. These signaling modules do not act on their own, but are closely intertwined during tooth development, thereby outlining the path to be taken by specific cell populations including the resident dental stem cells. Recently, pivotal Wnt-Shh interaction and feedback loops have been uncovered during odontogenesis, showing conservation in other developing ectodermal appendages. This review provides an integrated overview of the interplay between canonical Wnt and Shh throughout mouse tooth formation stages, extending from the initiation of dental placode to the fully formed adult tooth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hermans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lara Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The zebrafish presomitic mesoderm elongates through compaction-extension. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203748. [PMID: 34597846 PMCID: PMC7612712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrate embryos the presomitic mesoderm becomes progressively segmented into somites at the anterior end while extending along the anterior-posterior axis. A commonly adopted model to explain how this tissue elongates is that of posterior growth, driven in part by the addition of new cells from uncommitted progenitor populations in the tailbud. However, in zebrafish, much of somitogenesis is associated with an absence of overall volume increase, and posterior progenitors do not contribute new cells until the final stages of somitogenesis. Here, we perform a comprehensive 3D morphometric analysis of the paraxial mesoderm and reveal that extension is linked to a volumetric decrease and an increase in cell density. We also find that individual cells decrease in volume over successive somite stages. Live cell tracking confirms that much of this tissue deformation occurs within the presomitic mesoderm progenitor zone and is associated with non-directional rearrangement. Taken together, we propose a compaction-extension mechanism of tissue elongation that highlights the need to better understand the role tissue intrinsic and extrinsic forces in regulating morphogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yan T, Kong Y, Fan W, Kang J, Chen H, He H, Huang F. Expression of nitric oxide synthases in rat odontoblasts and the role of nitric oxide in odontoblastic differentiation of rat dental papilla cells. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:354-371. [PMID: 34411285 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As precursor cells of odontoblasts, dental papilla cells (DPCs) form the dentin-pulp complex during tooth development. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates the functions of multiple cells and organ tissues, including stem cell differentiation and bone formation. In this paper, we explored the involvement of NO in odontoblastic differentiation. We verified the expression of NO synthase (NOS) in rat odontoblasts by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) staining and immunohistochemistry in vivo. The expression of all three NOS isoforms in rat DPCs was confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, and western blotting in vitro. The expression of neuronal NOS and endothelial NOS was upregulated during the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs. Inhibition of NOS function by NOS inhibitor l-NG -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) resulted in reduced formation of mineralized nodules and expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein (DMP1) during DPC differentiation. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM) promoted the viability of DPCs. Extracellular matrix mineralization and odontogenic markers expression were elevated by SNAP at low concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) and suppressed at high concentration (100 μM). Blocking the generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo-(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) abolished the positive influence of SNAP on the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs. These findings demonstrate that NO regulates the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs, thereby influencing dentin formation and tooth development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoling Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pagella P, de Vargas Roditi L, Stadlinger B, Moor AE, Mitsiadis TA. A single-cell atlas of human teeth. iScience 2021; 24:102405. [PMID: 33997688 PMCID: PMC8099559 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth exert fundamental functions related to mastication and speech. Despite their great biomedical importance, an overall picture of their cellular and molecular composition is still missing. In this study, we have mapped the transcriptional landscape of the various cell populations that compose human teeth at single-cell resolution, and we analyzed in deeper detail their stem cell populations and their microenvironment. Our study identified great cellular heterogeneity in the dental pulp and the periodontium. Unexpectedly, we found that the molecular signatures of the stem cell populations were very similar, while their respective microenvironments strongly diverged. Our findings suggest that the microenvironmental specificity is a potential source for functional differences between highly similar stem cells located in the various tooth compartments and open new perspectives toward cell-based dental therapeutic approaches. Dental atlas of the pulp and periodontal tissues of human teeth Identification of three common MSC subclusters between dental pulp and periodontium Dental pulp and periodontal MSCs are similar, and their niches diverge
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernd Stadlinger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E. Moor
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Thimios A. Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Contessi Negrini N, Angelova Volponi A, Higgins C, Sharpe P, Celiz A. Scaffold-based developmental tissue engineering strategies for ectodermal organ regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100107. [PMID: 33889838 PMCID: PMC8050778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary research field aiming at the regeneration, restoration, or replacement of damaged tissues and organs. Classical TE approaches combine scaffolds, cells and soluble factors to fabricate constructs mimicking the native tissue to be regenerated. However, to date, limited success in clinical translations has been achieved by classical TE approaches, because of the lack of satisfactory biomorphological and biofunctional features of the obtained constructs. Developmental TE has emerged as a novel TE paradigm to obtain tissues and organs with correct biomorphology and biofunctionality by mimicking the morphogenetic processes leading to the tissue/organ generation in the embryo. Ectodermal appendages, for instance, develop in vivo by sequential interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme, in a process known as secondary induction. A fine artificial replication of these complex interactions can potentially lead to the fabrication of the tissues/organs to be regenerated. Successful developmental TE applications have been reported, in vitro and in vivo, for ectodermal appendages such as teeth, hair follicles and glands. Developmental TE strategies require an accurate selection of cell sources, scaffolds and cell culture configurations to allow for the correct replication of the in vivo morphogenetic cues. Herein, we describe and discuss the emergence of this TE paradigm by reviewing the achievements obtained so far in developmental TE 3D scaffolds for teeth, hair follicles, and salivary and lacrimal glands, with particular focus on the selection of biomaterials and cell culture configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C.A. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P.T. Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A.D. Celiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Akbulut AC, Wasilewski GB, Rapp N, Forin F, Singer H, Czogalla-Nitsche KJ, Schurgers LJ. Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Improves Osteogenesis in Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618760. [PMID: 33585456 PMCID: PMC7876270 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of clinical stem cell interventions are hampered by immature cell progeny under current protocols. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple lineages. Generating hMSCs from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an attractive avenue for cost-efficient and scalable production of cellular material. In this study we generate mature osteoblasts from iPSCs using a stable expandable MSC intermediate, refining established protocols. We investigated the timeframe and phenotype of cells under osteogenic conditions as well as the effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on differentiation. From day 2 we noted a significant increase in RUNX2 expression under osteogenic conditions with MK-7, as well as decreases in ROS species production, increased cellular migration and changes to dynamics of collagen deposition when compared to differentiated cells that were not treated with MK-7. At day 21 OsteoMK-7 increased alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen deposition, as well as downregulated RUNX2 expression, suggesting to a mature cellular phenotype. Throughout we note no changes to expression of osteocalcin suggesting a non-canonical function of MK-7 in osteoblast differentiation. Together our data provide further mechanistic insight between basic and clinical studies on extrahepatic activity of MK-7. Our findings show that MK-7 promotes osteoblast maturation thereby increasing osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Cengiz Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Grzegorz B Wasilewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NattoPharma ASA, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolas Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Forin
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Singer
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin J Czogalla-Nitsche
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Nephro-Cardiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Klinikum, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|