1
|
Cansız D, Ünal İ, Gani Sürmen M, Sürmen S, Sezer Z, Beler M, Güzel E, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Gentisic acid exerts neuroprotective effects in neurotoxin-induced Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish: Cross-talk between pathways related with neurodegeneration in the gut-brain axis. Brain Res 2024; 1836:148952. [PMID: 38643930 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Given that global prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is expected to rise over the next few decades, understanding the mechanisms and causes of PD is critical. With emphasis on gut-brain axis, we sought to assess the impact of gentisic acid (GA), a diphenolic compound generated from benzoic acid, in rotenone (Rot) induced PD model in zebrafish. For thirty days, adult zebrafish were exposed to GA and rotenone. Tox-Track program was used to analyze locomotor behaviors in the control, GA, Rot, and Rot + GA groups. LC-MS/MS was performed in brain and intestinal tissues. Proteome Discoverer 2.4 was used to analyze raw files, peptide lists were searched against Danio rerio proteins. Protein interactions or annotations were obtained from STRING database. Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) staining was performed immunohistochemically in the brain. PD-related gene expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and acetylcholinesterase were measured spectrophotometrically. Improved locomotor behaviors were observed by GA treatment in Rot group as evidenced by increased average speed, exploration rate, and total distance. 5214 proteins were identified in intestinal tissues, 4114 proteins were identified in brain by LC-MS/MS. Rotenone exposure altered protein expressions related to oxidative phosphorylation in brain and intestines. Protein expressions involved in ferroptis and actin cytoskeleton changed in brain and intestines. Altered protein expressions were improved by GA. GA ameliorated Th-immunoreactivity in brain, improved park2, park7, pink1, and lrrk2 expressions. Our results show that GA may be a candidate agent to be evaluated for its potential protective effect for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Cansız
- Department Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Marmara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gani Sürmen
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Sürmen
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Sezer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Marmara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Güzel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Özokan G, Cansız D, Bilginer A, Ünal İ, Beler M, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Synthesis of salicylic acid from wintergreen oil by green chemistry overcomes its cytotoxicity in keratinocyte cells and teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:203-213. [PMID: 37849293 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2272184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid topical is used to treat variety of skin conditions. However, salicylic acid in these products is generated through industrial synthesis and has been shown to negatively impact fetal development and cause congenital abnormalities. We hypothesized that teratogenic effects reported in salicylic acid can be prevented by naturally synthesizing salicylic acid from wintergreen oil using green chemistry method. For this purpose, we investigated the effects of natural salicylic acid (NSA) synthesized from wintergreen oil using green chemistry and synthetic salicylic acid (SSA) on keratinocyte cell (HaCaT) proliferation and zebrafish embryo development. NSA structures were analyzed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC/MS methods. Percentage inhibition against HaCaT cell was determined by MTS assay. xCelligence system was used for cellular activities. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to NSA and SSA for 72 h post-fertilization. Lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, sialic acid, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were evaluated using biochemical methods. Expressions of nqO1, gfap, bdnf, vtg, egr, cyp1a, and igf2 were determined by RT-PCR as developmental indicators. MTS and RT-cell analysis showed increased cell viability by NSA, whereas SSA decreased cell viability. NSA beneficially affected zebrafish embryo development while SSA exerted deleterious effects through oxidant-antioxidant status, inflammation, and development. Results of our study showed for the first time that synthesis of salicylic acid from wintergreen oil by green chemistry overcomes its cytotoxicity in keratinocyte cells and teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos. This finding is important for drug research on safe topical applications during pregnancy, when preventing exposure to drug and chemical-derived teratogens is vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Özokan
- BioArge Laboratories, Yıldız Technical University Technocity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkerim Bilginer
- BioArge Laboratories, Yıldız Technical University Technocity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ünal İ, Cansız D, Beler M, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Whole-Mount RNA In Situ Hybridization of Zebrafish Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:543-551. [PMID: 38285366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A commonly employed technique in molecular biology to evaluate the temporal and spatial expression of a certain gene is in situ hybridization. This method is an effective strategy to construct synexpression groups, co-expressed genes acting in shared biological processes, and to find new members of genes engaged in the same signaling pathways to discover similar spatial and temporal expression patterns in zebrafish embryos. The major disadvantage of this method is that RNA probes can penetrate within 2 days of post-fertilization embryos, and therefore, in later developmental stages, the probe can only reach the surface tissues. Further application of the method in histological sections will be required for a complete and accurate gene expression investigation. However, this method is highly effective at late embryogenesis and early larval stages for observing gene expression in endodermal derivatives and sensory organs. RNA probes for in situ hybridization can be prepared through in vitro transcription from plasmids carrying specific promoter elements and mRNA-specific cDNA, or an alternative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method can be used through PCR amplification. This chapter describes the procedures for detecting gene expression in zebrafish embryos using whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beler M, Cansız D, Ünal İ, Emekli-Alturfan E. Quantitative Real-Time PCR Method to Evaluate Gene Expression in Zebrafish Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:553-561. [PMID: 38285367 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The fast zebrafish embryonic development offers an opportunity for the study of genes crucial for developmental processes. Several genes associated with human diseases have orthologs in zebrafish. Enhanced comprehension of a gene's function can be achieved by knowing when and where it is expressed. This knowledge also makes it possible to alter a gene-by-gene knockdown in a time- and place-specific manner. Moreover, gene expression analyses contribute greatly to teratogenicity studies in zebrafish embryos. Therefore, the importance of examining the differences between the expressions of these genes has increased day by day. The incorporation of reverse transcription (RT) as the initial step prior to thermal cycling in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has made a significant contribution to RNA research. RT-qPCR is the gold standard and an effective method for gene expression analysis. Quick readout, high sensitivity, reproducibility, as well as high potential throughput, along with reliable quantification, are just a few advantages of RT-qPCR. However, there are drawbacks to its application, such as RNA's inherent variability, impurities during RNA extraction, and variations in reverse transcription and PCR efficiencies. Implementing a precise normalization technique is crucial to account for these inaccuracies. In this chapter, the protocol for gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR for zebrafish embryos is explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karaman GE, Ünal İ, Beler M, Üstündağ FD, Cansız D, Üstündağ ÜV, Emekli-Alturfan E, Akyüz S. Toothpastes for children and their detergent contents affect molecular mechanisms of odontogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:15-25. [PMID: 36444776 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2150208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate how different types of toothpaste (TP) for children affected molecular mechanisms of odontogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Commercially available TPs were selected according to their detergent contents as the cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) containing TP (TP1) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) containing TP (TP2). TP3 contained no detergent. Effects of SLS, and CAPB alone were also examined. TP and detergent concentrations affecting development were determined as 750 mg/L and 4 mg/L, respectively. Embryos were exposed to TP1, TP2, TP3, SLS, CAPB, and embryo medium (control) for 72 h post fertilization. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Expressions of tooth development genes were evaluated by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Intraocular distance, lower jaw, and ceratohyal cartilage length were displayed using Alcian Blue staining. axin2 and wnt10a expressions increased in SLS and TP2 groups. igf2a and eve1 expressions decreased in all groups except TP3. nrOb1 expression decreased in TP1, SLS, and CAPB groups. Oxidant-antioxidant balance was disturbed in all groups except TP3, evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide. SLS, and CAPB groups were more affected in terms of AChE, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase; perturbations were observed in cartilage structures. Altered expression of tooth development gene axin2 correlated with wnt10a, and with changes in cartilage structures in SLS and TP2 groups. TP3 group presented no disruptions in oxidant-antioxidant balance. Our study shows the availability of externally developing zebrafish embryos in examining the effects of TP' contents on embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Ece Karaman
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fümet Duygu Üstündağ
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Akyüz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ünal İ, Beler M, Cansız D, Emekli-Alturfan E. Microarray Analysis to Determine Gene Expression Changes in Zebrafish Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:563-582. [PMID: 38285368 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Chemical exposure in humans begins from the zygote stage and continues throughout the development of the embryo and the fetus. Zebrafish are one of the most powerful model organisms used in many research areas, including genetics, environmental toxicology, development, DNA damage and repair, cancer, and other diseases. Among the advantages that facilitate the use of zebrafish as a model for studies are features such as high homology with the human genome, small size, and high reproductive potential in short periods. The use of zebrafish embryos in research has increased rapidly due to their advantageous properties, including extrauterine development and the transparent feature of the embryos. However, there are thousands of genes that can be encountered in research, and in this case, the workforce is too much. This workload has been alleviated with the developed technologies. Microarray is one of these technologies. An important parameter in this assay is the RIN value. The RIN value ranges from 1 to 10, indicating mRNA degradation, and therefore helps to decide whether to continue the study. In this chapter, microarray analysis, which is one of the main techniques used in the determination of gene expression in zebrafish embryos, is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beler M, Ünal İ, Cansız D, Emekli-Alturfan E. Alcian Blue Staining for Chondrocranium Development in Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:447-457. [PMID: 38285358 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Craniofacial abnormalities are one of the most frequent birth malformations in humans, affecting around one in every thousand live births. The zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model organism that has seen increased usage in toxicological research in recent years, is ideal for assessing the effects of various chemicals on bone and cartilage structures. Chondrogenesis developed in zebrafish embryos by embryonic day 2, and supporting cartilage components are apparent at hatching (72 h post-fertilization). Individual cartilage may be observed using Alcian Blue staining as early as 2 days post-fertilization (dpf). The preferential binding of Alcian Blue causes the staining of zebrafish cartilage to acidic glycoproteins in an acidic solution (pH 2.2). In 72-120 hpf embryos, the cranial skeleton is easily visible after cartilage staining using Alcian Blue. Various cranial lengths and structures can be determined by measuring specific distances and angles to optimize the quantitative analysis of cranial malformations in zebrafish after exposure to various toxic agents. This chapter explains the Alcian Blue staining procedure to identify craniofacial cartilaginous structures in zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cansız D, Ünal İ, Beler M, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Assessment of Developmental Neurotoxicity Using Semi-automatic Behavior Analysis System for Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:409-419. [PMID: 38285356 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, morphological, conventional, and toxicological approaches have been used to demonstrate neurotoxicity; however, there has been a growing interest in animal behavioral methods for assessing neurotoxicity, both at the scientific and regulatory levels. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a small tropical freshwater fish currently recognized as a suitable model organism for investigating developmental neurotoxicity. There are many animal-tracking software programms used for behavioral analysis in biomedical research. Some of these software programms require a fee, which may exceed the laboratory budget and require detailed technical equipment. As a solution, freely available programs can be used. However, animal tracking may not be possible due to the glare from the aquatic environment of fish, and the small size of zebrafish embryos makes animal tracking difficult. In our laboratory, we developed a semi-automatic system to overcome these difficulties by using three different software available for free. This chapter explains the system for zebrafish embryos and adult zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ata Alturfan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ünal İ, Cansız D, Beler M, Sezer Z, Güzel E, Emekli-Alturfan E. Sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin exerts neuroprotective effects in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish; mechanism involving ketogenesis and autophagy. Brain Res 2023; 1820:148536. [PMID: 37591458 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin (EMP), is the new class of oral hypoglycemic agent approved as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors may induce ketogenesis through inhibiting the renal reabsorption of glucose. In recent years, positive effects of ketogenic diets on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported by improving autophagy. We aimed to evaluate the effects of EMP treatment as a SGLT2 inhibitor that can mimic the effects of ketogenic diet, in rotenone induced PD model in zebrafish focusing on ketogenesis, autophagy, and molecular pathways related with PD progression including oxidative stress and inflammation. Adult zebrafish were exposed to rotenone and EMP for 30 days. Y-Maze task and locomotor analysis were performed. Neurotransmitter levels were determined by liquid chromatography tandem- mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (No), alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione S-transferase (GST), sialic acid, acetylcholinesterase, and the expressions of autophagy, ketogenesis and PD-related genes were determined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the microglial marker L-plastin (Lcp1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (Th). EMP treatment improved DOPAC/DA ratio, Y-Maze task, locomotor activity, expressions of Th and Lcp-1, autophagy and inflammation related (mTor, atg5, tnfα, sirt1, il6, tnfα); PD-related (lrrk2, park2, park7, pink1), and ketone metabolism-related genes (slc16a1b, pparag, and pparab), and oxidant-damage in brain in the rotenone group as evidenced by decreased LPO, No, and improved antioxidant molecules. Our results showed benefical effects of EMP as a SGLT2 inhibitor in neurotoxin-induced PD model in zebrafish. We believe our study, will shed light on the mechanism of the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, ketogenesis and autopahgy in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Marmara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Marmara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Sezer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Elif Güzel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karagöz A, Beler M, Altun BD, Ünal İ, Cansız D, Gündüz H, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E, Erçalık Yalçınkaya Ş. Panoramic dental X-ray exposure leads to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis-mediated developmental defects in zebrafish embryos. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 124:101661. [PMID: 37866507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Panoramic x-ray units are widely used in dental radiodiagnostics. Patients are exposed to relatively low radiation doses with panoramic imaging, but considering lifetime frequency of exposure, even a small risk can have serious health consequences. Our aim was to assess the effects of panoramic x-rays at two different exposure times on developing zebrafish embryos, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic pathways, and development. Zebrafish embryos were divided into three groups: control, standard panoramic (SPE, 5.5 s exposure time) and pedodontic panoramic x-ray group (PPE, 4.8 s exposure time). Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters were used to measure absorbed doses. Mean radiation doses for SPE and PPE were 7.83 mSv and 5.83 mSv respectively. At the end of 96 h post-fertilization, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase were measured in the embryos. Expressions of genes related with inflammation (tnfα, il6, ill15, il21), immunoregulation (ifng) and apoptosis (p53, bax, casp2, casp3, casp8) were determined by RT-PCR. Even at reduced doses at high-speed mode, developmental toxicity was observed in both groups as evidenced by decreased pigmentation, yolk sac oedema, and spinal curvature. While deterioration of oxidant-antioxidant balance, suppression of immune response, induction of inflammation and apoptosis were observed through increased LPO, NO, decreased GSH, ifng, and increased expressions of genes related with inflammation and apoptosis, these effects were more pronounced in the SPE group. These results demonstrate the influence of exposure time and indicate the need for further consideration of optimal panoramic modes from a radiation-induced damage perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Karagöz
- Department Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Dilara Altun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Gündüz
- Epsilon Landauer Dosimeter Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Şebnem Erçalık Yalçınkaya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gündüz G, Beler M, Ünal İ, Cansız D, Emekli-Alturfan E, Kose KN. Endotoxin of Porphyromonas gingivalis amplifies the inflammatory response in hyperglycemia-induced zebrafish through a mechanism involving chitinase-like protein YKL-40 analogs. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:625-636. [PMID: 37779592 PMCID: PMC10541394 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a key pathogen in periodontal diseases, is also associated with hyperglycemia-associated systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Gingipains are the most important endotoxins of P. gingivalis, and in vivo studies using gingipains are scarce. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate with high physiological and genetic homology with humans that has multiple co-orthologs for human genes, including inflammation-related proteins. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of gingipain in a hyperglycemia-induced zebrafish model by evaluating inflammation, oxidant-antioxidant status, and the cholinergic system. Adult zebrafish were grouped into the control group (C), hyperglycemia-induced group subjected to 15 days of overfeeding (OF), gingipain-injected group (GP), and gingipain-injected hyperglycemic group (OF + GP). At the end of 15 days, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and sialic acid (SA) levels were determined spectrophotometrically in the hepatopancreas. The expression levels of tnf-⍺, il-1β, ins, crp, and the acute phase protein YKL-40 analogs chia.5 and chia.6 were evaluated by RT‒PCR. After two weeks of overfeeding, significantly increased weight gain, FBG, and OGTT confirmed that the zebrafish were hyperglycemic. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and AChE and ALP activities were observed in both the overfeeding and GP groups. Amplification of inflammation and oxidative stress was evident in the OF + GP group through increased expression of crp, il-1β, chia.5, and chia.6 and increased LPO and NO levels. Our results support the role of gingipains in the increased inflammatory response in hyperglycemia-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gündüz
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Naci Kose
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Marmara University Basibuyuk Medical Campus, Basibuyuk, Maltepe, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Üstündağ FD, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Cansız D, Beler M, Alturfan AA, Tiber PM, Emekli-Alturfan E. Morphine ameliorates pentylenetetrazole-induced locomotor pattern in zebrafish embryos; mechanism involving regulation of opioid receptors, suppression of oxidative stress, and inflammation in epileptogenesis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:151-160. [PMID: 35866229 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is becoming an increasingly important model in epilepsy research. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a convulsant agent that induces epileptic seizure-like state in zebrafish and zebrafish embryos and is most commonly used in antiepileptic drug discovery research to evaluate seizure mechanisms. Classical antiepileptic drugs, such as valproic acid (VPA) reduce PTZ-induced epileptiform activities. Opioid system has been suggested to play a role in epileptogenesis. The aim of our study is to determine the effects of morphine in PTZ-induced epilepsy model in zebrafish embryos by evaluating locomotor activity and parameters related to oxidant-antioxidant status, inflammation, and cholinergic system as well as markers of neuronal activity c-fos, bdnf, and opioid receptors. Zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf were exposed to PTZ (20 mM), VPA (1 mM), and Morphine (MOR) (100 µM). MOR and VPA pretreated groups were treated with either MOR (MOR + PTZ) or VPA (VPA + PTZ) for 20 min before PTZ expoure. Locomotor activity was quantified as total distance moved (mm), average speed (mm/sec) and exploration rate (%) and analyzed using ToxTrac tracking programme. Oxidant-antioxidant system parameters, acetylcholinesterase activity, and sialic acid leves were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. The expression of c-fos, bdnf, oprm1, and oprd1 were evaluated by RT-PCR. MOR pretreatment ameliorated PTZ-induced locomotor pattern as evidenced by improved average speed, exploration rate and distance traveled. We report the restoration of inflammatory and oxidant-antioxidant system parameters, c-fos, bdnf, and opioid receptor oprm1 as the possible mechanisms involved in the ameliorative effect of MOR against PTZ-induced epileptogenic process in zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fümet Duygu Üstündağ
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Mega Tiber
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ünal İ, Cansız D, Sürmen MG, Sürmen S, Sezer Z, Beler M, Üstündağ ÜV, Güzel E, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Identification of molecular network of gut-brain axis associated with neuroprotective effects of PPARδ-ligand erucic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:585-606. [PMID: 36564343 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD) may lead to motor symptoms and PD pathogenesis. Recently, the neuroprotective potential of different PPARδ-agonists has been shown. We aimed to reveal the effects of erucic acid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)-ligand in rotenone-induced PD model in zebrafish, focusing on the gut-brain axis. Adult zebrafish were exposed to rotenone and erucic acid for 30 days. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed. Raw files were analysed by Proteome Discoverer 2.4 software; peptide lists were searched against Danio rerio proteins. STRING database was used for protein annotations or interactions. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (No), alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase and the expressions of PD-related genes were determined. Immunohistochemical tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining was performed. LC-MS/MS analyses allowed identification of over 2000 proteins in each sample. The 2502 and 2707 proteins overlapped for intestine and brain. The 196 and 243 significantly dysregulated proteins in the brain and intestines were found in rotenone groups. Erucic acid treatment corrected the changes in the expression of proteins associated with cytoskeletal organisation, transport and localisation and improved locomotor activity, expressions of TH, PD-related genes (lrrk2, park2, park7, pink1) and oxidant-damage in brain and intestines in the rotenone group as evidenced by decreased LPO, No and increased GST. Our results showed beneficial effects of erucic acid as a PPARδ-ligand in neurotoxin-induced PD model in zebrafish. We believe that our study will shed light on the mechanism of the effects of PPARδ agonists and ω9-fatty acids in the gut-brain axis of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gani Sürmen
- Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Sürmen
- Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Sezer
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Güzel
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sürmen MG, Sürmen S, Cansız D, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Alturfan AA, Büyükkayhan D, Emekli-Alturfan E. Amelioration of rotenone-induced alterations in energy/redox system, stress response and cytoskeleton proteins by octanoic acid in zebrafish: A proteomic study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23024. [PMID: 35218269 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone is used to generate Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms in experimental animals. Octanoic acid (C8), is the principal fatty acid of medium-chain triglycerides in ketogenic diets. Beneficial effects of ketogenic diets were shown in PD. We applied proteomic methods to reveal the effects of octanoic acid in rotenone toxicity in zebrafish to gain information on the use of ketogenic diets in PD. Zebrafish were exposed to 5 μg/ml rotenone and octanoic acid (20 and 60 mg/ml) for 30 days. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed. Raw files were analyzed by Proteome Discoverer 2.4 software, peptide lists were searched against Danio rerio proteins. STRING database was used for protein annotations or interactions. 2317 unique proteins were quantified, 302 proteins were differentially expressed. Proteins involved in cell organization, biogenesis, transport, response to stimulus were most frequently expressed. Our study is first to report that the alterations in the expressions of proteins related to energy and redox system, stress response, and cytoskeleton proteins caused by rotenone exposure were normalized by octanoic acid treatment in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa G Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University-Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal V Üstündağ
- Department Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet A Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Büyükkayhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beler M, Cansız D, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Dandin E, Ak E, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Bisphenol A reveals its obesogenic effects through disrupting glucose tolerance, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and modulating inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor in zebrafish. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:19-28. [PMID: 35090367 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211054372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesogens affect lipid metabolism, and genetic or epigenetic factors may also contribute to the progression of obesity. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are the most striking among obesogens. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic EDC used in food containers, adhesives, dye powders, and dental fillers. We aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms of BPA's obesogenic effects focusing on obesogenic pathways in the liver including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Dnmt3a which is its epigenetic regulator, oxidant-antioxidant status, and inflammatory cytokines. Zebrafish were divided into three groups as control, low-dose BPA (1 μm BPA), and high-dose BPA groups (10 μm BPA). At the end of 30 days, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and hepatopancreas tissues were taken. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and nitric oxide (NO) activities were examined in the hepatopancreas. Inflammatory cytokines, lepa, fgf21, and dnmt3a expressions were determined by RT-PCR. BPA exposure increased the body weights, il1ß, tnfα, il6, lepa, fgf21, and dnmt3a expressions, impaired glucose tolerance, and oxidant-antioxidant status in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatocyte degeneration, lipid vacuolization, and vasocongestion were observed in both BPA-exposed groups. Our study suggests impaired glucose tolerance, oxidant-antioxidant balance, increased inflammatory response, fgf21 expression, and dnmt3a expressions as the possible mechanisms for the BPA-induced obesity model in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merih Beler
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, 52982Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, 52982Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal V Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Dandin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, 52982Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Ak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Fatih, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, 52982Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sürmen MG, Sürmen S, Cansız D, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Quantitative phosphoproteomics to resolve the cellular responses to octanoic acid in rotenone exposed zebrafish. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13923. [PMID: 34494670 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ketosis is a potentially beneficial metabolic state for health especially in neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). Medium-chain-triglycerides (MCT) have specific metabolic properties and they are described as ketogenic even without restriction of carbohydrate. Octanoic acid (C8) is the main MCT showing this effect. Rotenone is a neurotoxin that is used to induce experimental PD model. Rotenone inhibits mitochondrial respiratory complex 1 (MRC1) and causes reactive oxygen species formation. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomic methods enable discovering specific signaling events in special molecular pathways through identification and quantification of phosphoproteins. Signaling networks involved in rotenone-mediated biological processes and beneficial effects of MCTs on neurodegenerative diseases are not well understood. We aimed to gain comprehensive molecular perspective on the global phosphoproteome differences in rotenone-exposed zebrafish treated with octanoic acid. Raw files obtained from MS analysis were processed and searched against the Danio rerio protein database using SEQUEST-HT algorithm to identify and quantify phosphopeptides with 2,569 unique phosphoproteins and 4,161 unique phosphopeptides corresponding to 2005 proteins. Microtubule-associated protein (MAP) family members were significantly lower in rotenone group. Phosphoproteins involved in ion binding (calcium, magnesium, zinc ion), oxygen binding, microtubule binding, ATP- and GTP-binding were among differentially expressed 347 proteins in rotenone group and they were reversed after octanoic acid treatments. Phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites were identified for future exploration of signaling pathways involved in rotenone toxicity. We believe our findings might help in the formulation of effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PD using ketogenic formulations involving MCTs. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ketosis is a potentially beneficial metabolic state for health especially in neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). Medium-chain-triglycerides (MCT) (C6-C12) have specific metabolic properties making them described as ketogenic even without restriction of carbohydrate. Octanoic acid (caprylic acid, C8) is the main MCT showing this effect. Our findings might help in the formulation of effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease using ketogenic formulations involving Medium-chain-triglycerides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gani Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University-Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Department Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cansız D, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Alturfan AA, Altinoz MA, Elmacı İ, Emekli-Alturfan E. Caprylic acid ameliorates rotenone induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the gut-brain axis in Zebrafish. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5259-5273. [PMID: 34228274 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is one of the most common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Pathological processes causing PD were suggested to initiate in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and proceed to the central nervous system (CNS). There are studies showing that low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets can improve motor symptoms of PD. Caprylic acid (C8) is the principal fatty acid component of the medium-chain triglycerides in the ketogenic diets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of caprylic acid, in neurotoxin exposed zebrafish focusing on the relationship between intestinal and brain oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS Adult zebrafish were exposed to rotenone (5 μg/L) (R group) and caprylic acid (20 and 60 mg/mL) (L + HDCA and R + HDCA groups) for 30 days. At the end of 30 days locomotor activities were determined. Levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide, glutathione and superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods and gene expressions of tnf⍺, il1, il6, il21, ifnɣ and bdnf were evaluated by RT-PCR in the brain and intestinal tissues of zebrafish. RESULTS Caprylic acid ameliorated LPO, NO, SOD and the expressions of tnf⍺, il1, il6, il21, ifnɣ and bdnf in brain and intestines. Locomotor activities were only ameliorated in high dose R + HDCA group. CONCLUSIONS Caprylic acid ameliorated the neurotoxin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation both in the brain and intestines and enhanced locomotor activity in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meriç A Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlhan Elmacı
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yurtsever İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Ünal İ, Ateş PS, Emekli-Alturfan E. Rifampicin decreases neuroinflammation to maintain mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis in rotenone-treated zebrafish. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1544-1551. [PMID: 33187454 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1846549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease, many pathogenic mechanisms are suggested to be effective such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and neuroinflammation. Calcium is very important for neuronal and glial cells, neurodegenerative disease mechanisms are closely related to disturbed calcium homeostasis. Recent studies strongly support the role of inflammation in nigrostriatal degeneration in PD. In recent years, Rifampicin, a macrocyclic antibiotic has been shown to have a protective effect on neurons. This study aims to evaluate the effects of rifampicin in the experimental PD model induced by rotenone in zebrafish focusing on the relationship between calcium-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Adult zebrafish were exposed to rotenone and rifampicin for 3 weeks. Locomotor activity was determined as the total distance that the zebrafish traveled for 5 min. Neuroinflammation and PD-related gene expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Mitochondrial calcium levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Gamma synuclein, Park 7, Sigma-1 receptor expressions were determined by Western Blot. Our results show that rifampicin may be effective in reducing neuroinflammation, which may be an effective strategy to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction due to impaired calcium homeostasis in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Yurtsever
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, İstanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye.,Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Seda Ateş
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Üstündağ FD, Ünal İ, Cansız D, Üstündağ ÜV, Subaşat HK, Alturfan AA, Tiber PM, Emekli-Alturfan E. 3-Pyridinylboronic acid normalizes the effects of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposure in zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:947-954. [PMID: 32693643 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1795189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that damages dopaminergic neurons. Zebrafish has been shown to be a suitable model organism to investigate the molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and also for potential therapeutic agent research. Boron has been shown to play an important role in the neural activity of the brain. Boronic acids are used in combinatorial approaches in drug design and discovery. The effect of 3-pyridinylboronic acid which is an important sub-class of heterocyclic boronic acids has not been evaluated in case of MPTP exposure in zebrafish embryos. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the effects of 3-pyridinylboronic acid on MPTP exposed zebrafish embryos focusing on the molecular pathways related to neurodegeneration and apoptosis by RT-PCR. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to MPTP (800 μM); MPTP + Low Dose 3-Pyridinylboronic acid (50 μM) (MPTP + LB) and MPTP + High Dose 3-Pyridinylboronic acid (100 μM) (MPTP + HB) in well plates for 72 hours post fertilization. Results of our study showed that MPTP induced a P53 dependent and Bax mediated apoptosis in zebrafish embryos and 3-pyridinylboronic acid restored the locomotor activity and gene expressions related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress due to the deleterious effects of MPTP, in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fümet Duygu Üstündağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Department Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kara Subaşat
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Energy, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Mega Tiber
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Üstündağ ÜV, Özen MS, Ünal İ, Ateş PS, Alturfan AA, Akalın M, Sancak E, Emekli-Alturfan E. Oxidative stress and apoptosis in electromagnetic waves exposed Zebrafish embryos and protective effects of conductive nonwoven fabric. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:70-75. [PMID: 32359387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The amount of technological products including television, radio transmitters, and mobile phone that have entered our daily life has increased in recent years. But these devices may cause adverse effects on human health. Electromagnetic shielding fabrics may limit and inhibit electromagnetic waves. Aim of our study was to evaluate electromagnetic wave blocking performance of nonwoven textile surfaces on zebrafish embryos that were exposed to electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies. Oxidant-antioxidant system parameters were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The expressions of tp53 and casp3a were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results showed that electromagnetic shielding fabrics produced as conductive nonwoven textile surfaces improved oxidant-antioxidant status and tp53 expression that were impaired in electromagnetic waves exposed zebrafish embryos. Also, electromagnetic shielding fabrics decreased casp3a expression responsible for the execution phase of apoptosis that increased in electromagnetic waves exposed zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sabri Özen
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perihan Seda Ateş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akalın
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Sancak
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ünal İ, Çalışkan-Ak E, Üstündağ ÜV, Ateş PS, Alturfan AA, Altinoz MA, Elmaci I, Emekli-Alturfan E. Neuroprotective effects of mitoquinone and oleandrin on Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:574-582. [PMID: 31771386 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1698567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the possible protective effects of mitoquinone and oleandrin on rotenone induced Parkinson's disease in zebrafish. Materials and methods: Adult zebrafish were exposed to rotenone and mitoquinone for 30 days. Biochemical parameters were determined by spectrophotometric method and Parkinson's disease-related gene expressions were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method. Measurement of neurotransmitters was performed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry instrument. The accumulation of synuclein was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. In vitro thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide method was applied to determine the mitochondrial function of synaptosomal brain fractions using rotenone as a neurotoxic agent and mitoquinone and oleandrin as neuroprotective agents. Results: Mitoquinone improved the oxidant-antioxidant balance and neurotransmitter levels that were disrupted by rotenone. Mitoquinone also ameliorated the expressions of Parkinson's disease-related gene expressions that were disrupted by rotenone. According to thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay results, mitoquinone and oleandrin increased mitochondrial function which was decreased due to rotenone exposure. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, positive effects of mitoquinone were observed in Parkinson's disease model induced by rotenone in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Çalışkan-Ak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal V Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perihan S Ateş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet A Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Elmaci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world, is due to the damage or death of cells that produce dopamine in the region called the substantia nigra (SN). Model organisms are important tools in PD research. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small tropical freshwater fish, entered the scientific world through developmental biology studies and today has become a popular model organism for human diseases. This review will provide information on the current knowledge about the use of zebrafish in PD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Ateş PS, Eğilmezer G, Alturfan AA, Yiğitbaşı T, Emekli-Alturfan E. Rotenone impairs oxidant/antioxidant balance both in brain and intestines in zebrafish. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:363-368. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1538141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal V. Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perihan S. Ateş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Eğilmezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet A. Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türkan Yiğitbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ateş PS, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Alturfan AA, Yiğitbaşı T, Emekli-Alturfan E. Methylparaben induces malformations and alterations on apoptosis, oxidant-antioxidant status, ccnd1
and myca
expressions in zebrafish embryos. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22036. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Seda Ateş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Maltepe Istanbul Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Maltepe Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Medipol University; Kavacık Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Türkan Yiğitbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Medipol University; Kavacık Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Maltepe Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Eryılmaz O, Ateş PS, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Bay S, Alturfan AA, Yiğitbaşı T, Emekli-Alturfan E, Akalın M. Evaluation of the interaction between proliferation, oxidant-antioxidant status, Wnt pathway, and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos exposed to silver nanoparticles used in textile industry. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [PMID: 29283201 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial textile products are developing rapidly as an important part of functional textiles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanotechnology products with antimicrobial properties. However, exposure to nanoparticles in daily life is an important issue for public health, still being updated. Aim was to evaluate the effects of AgNPs on the development of zebrafish embryos focusing on Wnt pathway, proliferation, oxidant-antioxidant status, and apoptosis. The expressions of ccnd1 and gsk3β were determined by RT-PCR, whereas β-catenin and proliferative cell antigen (PCNA) expressions were determined immunohistochemically. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Apoptosis was determined using acridine orange staining. Oxidant status, apoptosis, immunohistochemical PCNA, and β catenin staining increased, whereas ccnd1 and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased in AgNPs-exposed embryos in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate the interaction of possible mechanisms that may be responsible for the toxic effects of AgNPs in zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Eryılmaz
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perihan Seda Ateş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadık Bay
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türkan Yiğitbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akalın
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Üstündağ ÜV, Ünal İ, Ateş PS, Alturfan AA, Yiğitbaşı T, Emekli-Alturfan E. Bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exert divergent effects on apoptosis and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in zebrafish embryos: A possible mechanism of endocrine disrupting chemical action. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:901-910. [PMID: 28992791 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717733598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) are the most commonly used plastics in water bottles. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in PET plastics, and bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce PC. Both DEHP and BPA are known for their potential endocrine disrupting effects. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has important roles in cell proliferation, cell specification and cell fate determination during embryonic development. Recent reports suggest a link between the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and apoptosis in the case of BPA and DEHP exposure in zebrafish embryos. Accordingly, in vivo cell death was assessed using acridine orange staining, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expressions of wnt3a, gsk3β and ccnd1. Proliferative cell nuclear antigen, β-catenin and Wnt3a expressions were determined immunohistochemically. Vitellogenin levels were determined using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Increased vitellogenin levels, apoptosis, and wnt3a and gsk3β expressions were observed in BPA-exposed zebrafish embryos. Increased apoptosis in the BPA-exposed embryos may be due to the pro-apoptotic changes induced by Wnt3a, whereas DEHP might be suggested to have a minor effect as Wnt3a expression; vitellogenin levels and apoptosis did not increase significantly following exposure to DEHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perihan Seda Ateş
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türkan Yiğitbaşı
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|