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Rostami M, Farahani P, Esmaelian S, Bahman Z, Fadel Hussein A, A Alrikabi H, Hosseini Hooshiar M, Yasamineh S. The Role of Dental-derived Stem Cell-based Therapy and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome-induced Tissue Damage. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10770-y. [PMID: 39150646 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to an increased risk of post-acute sequelae affecting the pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ systems. Up to 20% of COVID-19 patients may proceed to a more serious form, such as severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or pulmonary fibrosis. Still, the majority of patients may only have mild, self-limiting sickness. Of particular concern is the possibility of parenchymal fibrosis and lung dysfunction in long-term COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, it has been observed that up to 43% of individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 also had acute renal injury (AKI). Care for kidney, brain, lung, cardiovascular, liver, ocular, and tissue injuries should be included in post-acute COVID-19 treatment. As a powerful immunomodulatory tool in regenerative medicine, dental stem cells (DSCs) have drawn much interest. Numerous immune cells and cytokines are involved in the excessive inflammatory response, which also has a significant effect on tissue regeneration. A unique reservoir of stem cells (SCs) for treating acute lung injury (ALI), liver damage, neurological diseases, cardiovascular issues, and renal damage may be found in tooth tissue, according to much research. Moreover, a growing corpus of in vivo research is connecting DSC-derived extracellular vesicles (DSC-EVs), which are essential paracrine effectors, to the beneficial effects of DSCs. DSC-EVs, which contain bioactive components and therapeutic potential in certain disorders, have been shown as potentially effective therapies for tissue damage after COVID-19. Consequently, we explore the properties of DSCs in this work. Next, we'll look at how SARS-CoV-2 affects tissue damage. Lastly, we have looked at the use of DSCs and DSC-EVs in managing COVID-19 and chronic tissue damage, such as injury to the heart, brain, lung, and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Rostami
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Farahani
- Doctor of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samar Esmaelian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahman
- Faculty of dentistry, Belarusian state medical university, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Hareth A Alrikabi
- Collage of Dentist, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | | | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Aphale P, Sanap A, Sharma D, Kharat A, Kheur S, Gawade C, Somasundaram I, Bhonde R. Stem Cell Secretome Modulated by Arsenicum album 30C Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Cytokine Storm in Blood Mononuclear Cells in vitro. HOMEOPATHY 2024; 113:132-141. [PMID: 38061387 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome can be enhanced by means of physical, chemical and biological preconditioning. Arsenicum album 30C (AA30) has been one of the leading homeopathic medicines used in prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection. AIMS This study aimed to investigate whether AA30 preconditioning could influence the growth factors and cytokine profile of the human dental pulp-derived MSC (DPD-MSC) secretome. Also, to test the efficacy of the AA30-preconditioned DPD-MSC secretome in ameliorating the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine storm in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as an in-vitro cellular model. METHODS The cytotoxicity of AA30 was assessed in DPD-MSCs by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Growth factors and cytokine levels in the AA30-preconditioned DPD-MSC secretome were analysed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. The angiogenic potential of the AA30-preconditioned DPD-MSC secretome was assessed by chick yolk-sac membrane (YSM) assay. Culture medium with 0.001% ethanol was used as vehicle control. The efficacy of the AA30-preconditioned DPD-MSC secretome in ameliorating the cytokine storm was assessed in LPS pre-treated PBMCs. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were analysed by using RT-PCR and FACS analysis respectively. RESULTS AA30 did not exhibit cytotoxicity in the concentration range of 1% to 50%. Furthermore, the AA30-preconditioned DPD-MSC secretome exhibited a significant increase in the levels of angiogenic factors, such as human angiopoietin-2, EPO and PDGF-AA, and decreased levels of cytokines, such as TNF-α, CXCL-8 and IL-6. The AA30-preconditioned DPD-MSC secretome showed augmented angiogenesis compared to vehicle controls. The DPD-MSC secretome ameliorated LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in PBMCs. CONCLUSION The AA30-preconditioned DPD-MSC secretome augmented angiogenesis and ameliorated the LPS-induced cytokine storm in human PBMCs in vitro. Our data demonstrate that AA30 preconditioning enhances the therapeutic potency of MSCs and their secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Aphale
- Dr D. Y. Patil Homeopathic Medical College and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Sanap
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmendra Sharma
- Dr D. Y. Patil Homeopathic Medical College and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Kharat
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chinmay Gawade
- Dr D. Y. Patil Homeopathic Medical College and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Indumati Somasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Hardin LT, Abid N, Vang D, Han X, Thor D, Ojcius DM, Xiao N. miRNAs mediate the impact of smoking on dental pulp stem cells via the p53 pathway. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:47-56. [PMID: 38636493 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke changes the genomic and epigenomic imprint of cells. In this study, we investigated the biological consequences of extended cigarette smoke exposure on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and the potential roles of miRNAs. DPSCs were treated with various doses of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for up to 6 weeks. Cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation were evaluated. Cytokine and miRNA expression were profiled. The results showed that extended exposure to CSC significantly impaired the regenerative capacity of the DPSCs. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the cell cycle pathway, cancer pathways (small cell lung cancer, pancreatic, colorectal, and prostate cancer), and pathways for TNF, TGF-β, p53, PI3K-Akt, mTOR, and ErbB signal transduction, were associated with altered miRNA profiles. In particular, 3 miRNAs has-miR-26a-5p, has-miR-26b-5p, and has-miR-29b-3p fine-tune the p53 and cell cycle signaling pathways to regulate DPSC cellular activities. The work indicated that miRNAs are promising targets to modulate stem cell regeneration and understanding miRNA-targeted genes and their associated pathways in smoking individuals have significant implications for disease control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Tahrani Hardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
| | - Nabil Abid
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - David Vang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
| | - Der Thor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
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Zanini G, Bertani G, Di Tinco R, Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Selleri V, Generali L, Marconi A, Mattioli AV, Pinti M, Carnevale G, Nasi M. Dental Pulp Stem Cells Modulate Inflammasome Pathway and Collagen Deposition of Dermal Fibroblasts. Cells 2024; 13:836. [PMID: 38786058 PMCID: PMC11120068 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological condition consisting of a delayed deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. This deregulation is mostly triggered by a chronic stimulus mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1, which activate fibroblasts. Due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive potential, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could affect fibrotic processes. This study aims to clarify if DPSCs can affect fibroblast activation and modulate collagen deposition. We set up a transwell co-culture system, where DPSCs were seeded above the monolayer of fibroblasts and stimulated with LPS or a combination of TNF-α and IL-1β and quantified a set of genes involved in inflammasome activation or ECM deposition. Cytokines-stimulated co-cultured fibroblasts, compared to unstimulated ones, showed a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, NAIP, AIM2, CASP1, FN1, and TGF-β genes. At the protein level, IL-1β and IL-6 release as well as FN1 were increased in stimulated, co-cultured fibroblasts. Moreover, we found a significant increase of MMP-9 production, suggesting a role of DPSCs in ECM remodeling. Our data seem to suggest a crosstalk between cultured fibroblasts and DPSCs, which seems to modulate genes involved in inflammasome activation, ECM deposition, wound healing, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.)
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.)
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research—INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research—INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
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Pignatti E, Maccaferri M, Pisciotta A, Carnevale G, Salvarani C. A comprehensive review on the role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:463-484. [PMID: 38163928 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2299729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with systemic manifestations. Although the success of immune modulatory drug therapy is considerable, about 40% of patients do not respond to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on RA disease and on pre-clinical and clinical studies using MSCs from bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, and dental pulp, to regulate the immune response. Moreover, the clinical use, safety, limitations, and future perspective of MSCs in RA are discussed. Using the PubMed database and ClincalTrials.gov, peer-reviewed full-text papers, abstracts and clinical trials were identified from 1985 through to April 2023. EXPERT OPINION MSCs demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and potential for clinical efficacy. However, it is mandatory to deepen the investigations on how MSCs affect the proinflammatory deregulated RA patients' cells. MSCs are potentially good candidates for severe RA patients not responding to conventional therapies but a long-term follow-up after stem cells treatment and standardized protocols are needed. Future research should focus on well-designed multicenter randomized clinical trials with adequate sample sizes and properly selected patients satisfying RA criteria for a valid efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Maccaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Tagliaferri N, Pisciotta A, Orlandi G, Bertani G, Di Tinco R, Bertoni L, Sena P, Lunghi A, Bianchi M, Veneri F, Bellini P, Bertacchini J, Conserva E, Consolo U, Carnevale G. Zirconia Hybrid Dental Implants Influence the Biological Properties of Neural Crest-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:392. [PMID: 38470723 PMCID: PMC10934982 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Dental implants are regularly employed in tooth replacement, the good clinical outcome of which is strictly correlated to the choice of an appropriate implant biomaterial. Titanium-based implants are considered the gold standard for rehabilitation of edentulous spaces. However, the insurgence of allergic reactions, cellular sensitization and low integration with dental and gingival tissues lead to poor osseointegration, affecting the implant stability in the bone and favoring infections and inflammatory processes in the peri-implant space. These failures pave the way to develop and improve new biocompatible implant materials. CERID dental implants are made of a titanium core embedded in a zirconium dioxide ceramic layer, ensuring absence of corrosion, a higher biological compatibility and a better bone deposition compared to titanium ones. We investigated hDPSCs' biological behavior, i.e., cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology and osteogenic potential, when seeded on both CERID and titanium implants, before and after cleansing with two different procedures. SEM and AFM analysis of the surfaces showed that while CERID disks were not significantly affected by the cleansing system, titanium ones exhibited well-visible modifications after brush treatment, altering cell morphology. The proliferation rate of DPSCs was increased for titanium, while it remained unaltered for CERID. Both materials hold an intrinsic potential to promote osteogenic commitment of neuro-ectomesenchymal stromal cells. Interestingly, the CERID surface mitigated the immune response by inducing an upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 on activated PBMCs when a pro-inflammatory microenvironment was established. Our in vitro results pave the way to further investigations aiming to corroborate the potential of CERID implants as suitable biomaterials for dental implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Tagliaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Alice Lunghi
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Veneri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Pierantonio Bellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Enrico Conserva
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Ugo Consolo
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
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Poblano-Pérez LI, Castro-Manrreza ME, González-Alva P, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1986. [PMID: 38396665 PMCID: PMC10888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located in different areas of the human body. The oral cavity is considered a potential source of MSCs because they have been identified in several dental tissues (D-MSCs). Clinical trials in which cells from these sources were used have shown that they are effective and safe as treatments for tissue regeneration. Importantly, immunoregulatory capacity has been observed in all of these populations; however, this function may vary among the different types of MSCs. Since this property is of clinical interest for cell therapy protocols, it is relevant to analyze the differences in immunoregulatory capacity, as well as the mechanisms used by each type of MSC. Interestingly, D-MSCs are the most suitable source for regenerating mineralized tissues in the oral region. Furthermore, the clinical potential of D-MSCs is supported due to their adequate capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence for their potential application in protocols against autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, in this review, the immunoregulatory mechanisms identified at the preclinical level in combination with the different types of MSCs found in dental tissues are described, in addition to a description of the clinical trials in which MSCs from these sources have been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Immunology and Stem Cells Laboratory, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe R. Fajardo-Orduña
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
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Cabaña-Muñoz ME, Pelaz Fernández MJ, Parmigiani-Cabaña JM, Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Merino JJ. Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Oral Cavity and Surrounding Areas: Types and Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2109. [PMID: 37631323 PMCID: PMC10459416 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells are those obtained from the conformation of dental structures (DMSC), such as deciduous and permanent teeth and other surrounding tissues. Background: The self-renewal and differentiation capacities of these adult stem cells allow for great clinical potential. Because DMSC are cells of ectomesenchymal origin, they reveal a high capacity for complete regeneration of dental pulp, periodontal tissue, and other biomedical applications; their differentiation into other types of cells promotes repair in muscle tissue, cardiac, pancreatic, nervous, bone, cartilage, skin, and corneal tissues, among others, with a high predictability of success. Therefore, stem and progenitor cells, with their exosomes of dental origin and surrounding areas in the oral cavity due to their plasticity, are considered a fundamental pillar in medicine and regenerative dentistry. Tissue engineering (MSCs, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules) sustains and induces its multipotent and immunomodulatory effects. It is of vital importance to guarantee the safety and efficacy of the procedures designed for patients, and for this purpose, more clinical trials are needed to increase the efficacy of several pathologies. Conclusion: From a bioethical and transcendental anthropological point of view, the human person as a unique being facilitates better clinical and personalized therapy, given the higher prevalence of dental and chronic systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz
- CIROM—Centro de Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, 30001 Murcia, Spain; (M.E.C.-M.); (J.M.P.-C.); (J.M.P.-I.)
| | | | - José María Parmigiani-Cabaña
- CIROM—Centro de Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, 30001 Murcia, Spain; (M.E.C.-M.); (J.M.P.-C.); (J.M.P.-I.)
| | | | - José Joaquín Merino
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (U.C.M), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kotwal SB, Orekondey N, Saradadevi GP, Priyadarshini N, Puppala NV, Bhushan M, Motamarry S, Kumar R, Mohannath G, Dey RJ. Multidimensional futuristic approaches to address the pandemics beyond COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17148. [PMID: 37325452 PMCID: PMC10257889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been enormous and unrelenting with ∼6.9 million deaths and ∼765 million infections. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances and potentially novel molecular tools for viral diagnostics and therapeutics with far-reaching implications in managing the future pandemics. In addition to briefly highlighting the existing and recent methods of viral diagnostics, we propose a couple of potentially novel non-PCR-based methods for rapid, cost-effective, and single-step detection of nucleic acids of viruses using RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and nuclease-based approaches. We also highlight key innovations in miniaturized Lab-on-Chip (LoC) devices, which in combination with cyber-physical systems, could serve as ideal futuristic platforms for viral diagnosis and disease management. We also discuss underexplored and underutilized antiviral strategies, including ribozyme-mediated RNA-cleaving tools for targeting viral RNA, and recent advances in plant-based platforms for rapid, low-cost, and large-scale production and oral delivery of antiviral agents/vaccines. Lastly, we propose repurposing of the existing vaccines for newer applications with a major emphasis on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-based vaccine engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Bushra Kotwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Nidhi Orekondey
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | | | - Neha Priyadarshini
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Navinchandra V Puppala
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Mahak Bhushan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Snehasri Motamarry
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Gireesha Mohannath
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Ruchi Jain Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
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10
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Li FC, Kishen A. 3D Organoids for Regenerative Endodontics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:900. [PMID: 37371480 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is the inflammation and destruction of periradicular tissues, mediated by microbial factors originating from the infected pulp space. This bacteria-mediated inflammatory disease is known to interfere with root development in immature permanent teeth. Current research on interventions in immature teeth has been dedicated to facilitating the continuation of root development as well as regenerating the dentin-pulp complex, but the fundamental knowledge on the cellular interactions and the role of periapical mediators in apical periodontitis in immature roots that govern the disease process and post-treatment healing is limited. The limitations in 2D monolayer cell culture have a substantial role in the existing limitations of understanding cell-to-cell interactions in the pulpal and periapical tissues. Three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs with two or more different cell populations are a better physiological representation of in vivo environment. These systems allow the high-throughput testing of multi-cell interactions and can be applied to study the interactions between stem cells and immune cells, including the role of mediators/cytokines in simulated environments. Well-designed 3D models are critical for understanding cellular functions and interactions in disease and healing processes for future therapeutic optimization in regenerative endodontics. This narrative review covers the fundamentals of (1) the disease process of apical periodontitis; (2) the influence and challenges of regeneration in immature roots; (3) the introduction of and crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages; (4) 3D cell culture techniques and their applications for studying cellular interactions in the pulpal and periapical tissues; (5) current investigations on cellular interactions in regenerative endodontics; and, lastly, (6) the dental-pulp organoid developed for regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chi Li
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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11
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Muallah D, Matschke J, Kappler M, Kroschwald LM, Lauer G, Eckert AW. Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Salivary Gland Regeneration-Where Are We Today? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108664. [PMID: 37240009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia is the phenomenon of dry mouth and is mostly caused by hypofunction of the salivary glands. This hypofunction can be caused by tumors, head and neck irradiation, hormonal changes, inflammation or autoimmune disease such as Sjögren's syndrome. It is associated with a tremendous decrease in health-related quality of life due to impairment of articulation, ingestion and oral immune defenses. Current treatment concepts mainly consist of saliva substitutes and parasympathomimetic drugs, but the outcome of these therapies is deficient. Regenerative medicine is a promising approach for the treatment of compromised tissue. For this purpose, stem cells can be utilized due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types. Dental pulp stem cells are adult stem cells that can be easily harvested from extracted teeth. They can form tissues of all three germ layers and are therefore becoming more and more popular for tissue engineering. Another potential benefit of these cells is their immunomodulatory effect. They suppress proinflammatory pathways of lymphocytes and could therefore probably be used for the treatment of chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease. These attributes make dental pulp stem cells an interesting tool for the regeneration of salivary glands and the treatment of xerostomia. Nevertheless, clinical studies are still missing. This review will highlight the current strategies for using dental pulp stem cells in the regeneration of salivary gland tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muallah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Matschke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Lysann Michaela Kroschwald
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Lauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Straße 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany
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12
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Min Q, Yang L, Tian H, Tang L, Xiao Z, Shen J. Immunomodulatory Mechanism and Potential Application of Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells in Immune-Mediated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098068. [PMID: 37175774 PMCID: PMC10178746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental pulp tissue, which have high self-renewal ability and multi-lineage differentiation potential. With the discovery of the immunoregulatory ability of stem cells, DPSCs have attracted much attention because they have similar or even better immunomodulatory effects than MSCs from other sources. DPSCs and their exosomes can exert an immunomodulatory ability by acting on target immune cells to regulate cytokines. DPSCs can also migrate to the lesion site to differentiate into target cells to repair the injured tissue, and play an important role in tissue regeneration. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanism and target cells of the immunomodulatory effects of DPSCs, and the latest advances in preclinical research in the treatment of various immune-mediated diseases, providing new reflections for their clinical application. DPSCs may be a promising source of stem cells for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Min
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liqiong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
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13
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Bukreieva T, Svitina H, Nikulina V, Vega A, Chybisov O, Shablii I, Ustymenko A, Nemtinov P, Lobyntseva G, Skrypkina I, Shablii V. Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by COVID-19 with Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054435. [PMID: 36901868 PMCID: PMC10003440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the impact of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the safety and clinical outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19. This research focused on how lung functional status, miRNA, and cytokine levels changed following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and their correlation with fibrotic changes in the lung. This study involved 15 patients following conventional anti-viral treatment (Control group) and 13 patients after three consecutive doses of combined treatment with MSC transplantation (MCS group). ELISA was used to measure cytokine levels, real-time qPCR for miRNA expression, and lung computed tomography (CT) imaging to grade fibrosis. Data were collected on the day of patient admission (day 0) and on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days of follow-up. A lung CT assay was performed on weeks 2, 8, 24, and 48 after the beginning of hospitalization. The relationship between levels of biomarkers in peripheral blood and lung function parameters was investigated using correlation analysis. We confirmed that triple MSC transplantation in individuals with severe COVID-19 was safe and did not cause severe adverse reactions. The total score of lung CT between patients from the Control and MSC groups did not differ significantly on weeks 2, 8, and 24 after the beginning of hospitalization. However, on week 48, the CT total score was 12 times lower in patients in the MSC group (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the Control group. In the MSC group, this parameter gradually decreased from week 2 to week 48 of observation, whereas in the Control group, a significant drop was observed up to week 24 and remained unchanged afterward. In our study, MSC therapy improved lymphocyte recovery. The percentage of banded neutrophils in the MSC group was significantly lower in comparison with control patients on day 14. Inflammatory markers such as ESR and CRP decreased more rapidly in the MSC group in comparison to the Control group. The plasma levels of surfactant D, a marker of alveocyte type II damage, decreased after MSC transplantation for four weeks in contrast to patients in the Control group, in whom slight elevations were observed. We first showed that MSC transplantation in severe COVID-19 patients led to the elevation of the plasma levels of IP-10, MIP-1α, G-CSF, and IL-10. However, the plasma levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, MCP-1, and RAGE did not differ between groups. MSC transplantation had no impact on the relative expression levels of miR-146a, miR-27a, miR-126, miR-221, miR-21, miR-133, miR-92a-3p, miR-124, and miR-424. In vitro, UC-MSC exhibited an immunomodulatory impact on PBMC, increasing neutrophil activation, phagocytosis, and leukocyte movement, activating early T cell markers, and decreasing effector and senescent effector T cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Bukreieva
- Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Functional Genomics, National Academy of Science, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Placenta Stem Cell Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03035 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hanna Svitina
- Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Functional Genomics, National Academy of Science, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Placenta Stem Cell Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03035 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia Nikulina
- Placenta Stem Cell Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03035 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alyona Vega
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, 04112 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Chybisov
- Endoscopic Unit, CNE Kyiv City Clinical Hospital # 4, 03110 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iuliia Shablii
- Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Functional Genomics, National Academy of Science, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina Ustymenko
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Cultures, Department of Cell and Tissue Technologies, Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, State Institution, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
- National Scientific Center “Institute of Cardiology, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine n.a. M. D. Strazhesko”, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology, D. F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Nemtinov
- Placenta Stem Cell Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03035 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Coordination Center for Transplantation of Organs, Tissues and Cells, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 01021 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Lobyntseva
- Placenta Stem Cell Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03035 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Inessa Skrypkina
- Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Functional Genomics, National Academy of Science, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Volodymyr Shablii
- Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Functional Genomics, National Academy of Science, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Placenta Stem Cell Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03035 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (V.S.)
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14
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Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived small extracellular vesicles for COVID-19 treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:410. [PMID: 35962458 PMCID: PMC9372991 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed huge burdens to the whole world, seriously affecting global economic growth, and threatening people’s lives and health. At present, some therapeutic regimens are available for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, including antiviral therapy, immunity therapy, anticoagulant therapy, and others. Among them, injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is currently a promising therapy. The preclinical studies and clinical trials using MSCs and small extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (MSC-sEVs) in treating COVID-19 were summarized. Then, the molecular mechanism, feasibility, and safety of treating COVID-19 with MSCs and MSC-sEVs were also discussed.
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15
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Makaremi S, Asgarzadeh A, Kianfar H, Mohammadnia A, Asghariazar V, Safarzadeh E. The role of IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors in pathogenesis of COVID-19. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:923-947. [PMID: 35751653 PMCID: PMC9243884 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A global pandemic has erupted as a result of the new brand coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic has been consociated with widespread mortality worldwide. The antiviral immune response is an imperative factor in confronting the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Meantime, cytokines recognize as crucial components in guiding the appropriate immune pathways in the restraining and eradication of the virus. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can induce uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by hyper-inflammatory cytokine production, which causes cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As excessive inflammatory responses are contributed to the severe stage of the COVID-19 disease, therefore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines are regarded as the Achilles heel during COVID-19 infection. Among these cytokines, interleukin (IL-) 1 family cytokines (IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) appear to have a strong inflammatory role in severe COVID-19. Hence, understanding the underlying inflammatory mechanism of these cytokines during infection is critical for reducing the symptoms and severity of the disease. Here, the possible mechanisms and pathways involved in inflammatory immune responses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Makaremi
- School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Asgarzadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamed Kianfar
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadnia
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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16
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An Early Th1 Response Is a Key Factor for a Favorable COVID-19 Evolution. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020296. [PMID: 35203509 PMCID: PMC8869678 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Th1/Th2 balance plays a crucial role in the progression of different pathologies and is a determining factor in the evolution of infectious diseases. This work has aimed to evaluate the early, or on diagnosis, T-cell compartment response, T-helper subsets and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody specificity in COVID-19 patients and to classify them according to evolution based on infection severity. A unicenter, randomized group of 146 COVID-19 patients was divided into four groups in accordance with the most critical events during the course of disease. The immunophenotype and T-helper subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals showed a potent and robust Th1 immunity, with a lower Th17 and less activated T-cells at the time of sample acquisition compared not only with symptomatic patients, but also with healthy controls. Conversely, severe COVID-19 patients presented with Th17-skewed immunity, fewer Th1 responses and more activated T-cells. The multivariate analysis of the immunological and inflammatory parameters, together with the comorbidities, showed that the Th1 response was an independent protective factor for the prevention of hospitalization (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–0.81), with an AUC of 0.844. Likewise, the Th1 response was found to be an independent protective factor for severe forms of the disease (OR 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.63, p = 0.015, AUC: 0.873). In conclusion, a predominant Th1 immune response in the acute phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection could be used as a tool to identify patients who might have a good disease evolution.
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Dolci G, Cassone G, Besutti G, Corsini R, Sampaolesi F, Iotti V, Galli E, Palermo A, Fontana M, Mancuso P. Tocilizumab or glucocorticoids treatment for patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: An observational study. Braz J Infect Dis 2021; 26:101702. [PMID: 34963560 PMCID: PMC8687752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the effect of tocilizumab or glucocorticoids in preventing death and intubation in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study enrolling all consecutive patients hospitalized at Reggio Emilia AUSL between February the 11th and April 14th 2020 for severe COVID-19 and treated with tocilizumab or glucocorticoids (at least 80 mg/day of methylprednisolone or equivalent for at least 3 days). The primary outcome was death within 30 days from the start of the considered therapies. The secondary outcome was a composite outcome of death and/or intubation. All patients have been followed-up until May 19th 2020, with a follow-up of at least 30 days for every patient. To reduce confounding due to potential non-comparability of the two groups, those receiving tocilizumab and those receiving glucocorticoids, a propensity score was calculated as the inverse probability weighting of receiving treatment conditional on the baseline covariates. Results and conclusion Therapy with tocilizumab alone was associated with a reduction of deaths (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.21-1.17) and of the composite outcome death/intubation (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13-0.90) compared to glucocorticoids alone. Nevertheless, this result should be cautiously interpreted due to a potential prescription bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dolci
- Infectious Disease Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cassone
- Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Besutti
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Radiology Unit, Department of Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Romina Corsini
- Infectious Disease Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabio Sampaolesi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valentina Iotti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Galli
- Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Adalgisa Palermo
- Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Matteo Fontana
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pamela Mancuso
- Servizio di epidemiologia, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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Di Tinco R, Bertani G, Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Pignatti E, Maccaferri M, Bertacchini J, Sena P, Vallarola A, Tupler R, Croci S, Bonacini M, Salvarani C, Carnevale G. Role of PD-L1 in licensing immunoregulatory function of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:598. [PMID: 34863286 PMCID: PMC8643194 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are low immunogenic and hold immunomodulatory properties that, along with their well-established multi-potency, might enhance their potential application in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The present study focused on the ability of DPSCs to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment through PD1/PD-L1 pathway. Methods Inflammatory microenvironment was created in vitro by the activation of T cells isolated from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Direct and indirect co-cultures between DPSCs and PBMCs were carried out to evaluate the activation of immunomodulatory checkpoints in DPSCs and the inflammatory pattern in PBMCs. Results Our data suggest that the inflammatory stimuli trigger DPSCs immunoregulatory functions that can be exerted by both direct and indirect contact. As demonstrated by using a selective PD-L1 inhibitor, DPSCs were able to activate compensatory pathways targeting to orchestrate the inflammatory process by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in pre-activated T lymphocytes. The involvement of PD-L1 mechanism was also observed in autologous inflammatory status (pulpitis) and after direct exposure to pre-activated T cells from RA patients suggesting that immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties are strictly related to their stemness status. Conclusions Our findings point out that the communication with the inflammatory microenvironment is essential in licensing their immunomodulatory properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02664-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Maccaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Wang J, Shi P, Chen D, Wang S, Wang P, Feng X, Zhang L. Research Status of the Safety and Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:947-969. [PMID: 34416823 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered one of the most promising treatments in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the safety and effectiveness of MSCs in the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia patients need to be systematically reviewed and analyzed. Two independent researchers searched for relevant studies published between October 2019 and April 2021 in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, WAN FANG, and CNKI databases. All relevant randomized controlled trials, clinically controlled studies, retrospective studies, case reports, letters (with valid data), and case series were included in this meta-analysis. A fixed-effects model and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze the results. A total of 22 studies involving 371 patients were included in the present study. Allogeneic MSCs from umbilical cord, adipose tissue, menstrual blood, placental tissue, Wharton's jelly, or unreported sources were administered in 247 participants. Combined results revealed that MSC therapy significantly reduced the incidence of adverse events [AEs; odds ratio (OR) = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22-0.84, P = 0.01] and mortality (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06-0.49, P < 0.01), and the difference compared with control group was statistically significant. No serious MSC treatment-related AEs were reported. Lung function, radiographic outcomes, and inflammation- and immunity-related biomarker levels all showed improving trends. Therefore, MSC therapy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia and shows advantages in reducing AEs and mortality. However, a standard and effective MSC treatment program must be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhi Shi
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pingchuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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20
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The Role of Th17 Response in COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061550. [PMID: 34205262 PMCID: PMC8235311 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections occurs through droplets and contaminated objects. A rapid and well-coordinated immune system response is the first line of defense in a viral infection. However, a disturbed and over-activated immune response may be counterproductive, causing damage to the body. Severely ill patients hospitalised with COVID-19 exhibit increased levels of many cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Increasing evidence suggests that Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, not only by activating cytokine cascade but also by inducing Th2 responses, inhibiting Th1 differentiation and suppressing Treg cells. This review focuses on a Th17 pathway in the course of the immune response in COVID-19, and explores plausible targets for therapeutic intervention.
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