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Qiu D, Zhang G, Yan X, Xiao X, Ma X, Lin S, Wu J, Li X, Wang W, Liu J, Ma Y, Ma M. Prospects of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:797092. [PMID: 35111680 PMCID: PMC8801574 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.797092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the classification and typing of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one type of refractory breast cancer, while chemotherapy stays in the traditional treatment methods. However, the impact of chemotherapy is short-lived and may lead to recurrence due to incomplete killing of tumor cells. The occurrence, development, and relapse of breast cancer are relevant to T cell dysfunction, multiplied expression of related immune checkpoint molecules (ICIs) such as programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) produce immunosuppressive effect. Immunotherapy (namely, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, CAR-T immunotherapy and some potential treatments) provides new hope in TNBC. This review focuses on the new immune strategies of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijuan Zhang
- School of Nursing of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqin Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- School Public Health, Southern Medical University (No: 3210090112), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujun Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wandi Wang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junchen Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering, Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, The National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Di Tinco R, Bertani G, Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Pignatti E, Maccaferri M, Bertacchini J, Sena P, Vallarola A, Tupler R, Croci S, Bonacini M, Salvarani C, Carnevale G. Role of PD-L1 in licensing immunoregulatory function of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:598. [PMID: 34863286 PMCID: PMC8643194 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are low immunogenic and hold immunomodulatory properties that, along with their well-established multi-potency, might enhance their potential application in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The present study focused on the ability of DPSCs to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment through PD1/PD-L1 pathway. Methods Inflammatory microenvironment was created in vitro by the activation of T cells isolated from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Direct and indirect co-cultures between DPSCs and PBMCs were carried out to evaluate the activation of immunomodulatory checkpoints in DPSCs and the inflammatory pattern in PBMCs. Results Our data suggest that the inflammatory stimuli trigger DPSCs immunoregulatory functions that can be exerted by both direct and indirect contact. As demonstrated by using a selective PD-L1 inhibitor, DPSCs were able to activate compensatory pathways targeting to orchestrate the inflammatory process by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in pre-activated T lymphocytes. The involvement of PD-L1 mechanism was also observed in autologous inflammatory status (pulpitis) and after direct exposure to pre-activated T cells from RA patients suggesting that immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties are strictly related to their stemness status. Conclusions Our findings point out that the communication with the inflammatory microenvironment is essential in licensing their immunomodulatory properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02664-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Maccaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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