1
|
Ramos-Contreras C, Piñeiro-Iglesias M, Concha-Graña E, Sánchez-Piñero J, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Franco-Uría A, López-Mahía P, Molina-Pérez F, Muniategui-Lorenzo S. Source apportionment of PM 10 and health risk assessment related in a narrow tropical valley. Study case: Metropolitan area of Aburrá Valley (Colombia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60036-60049. [PMID: 37017840 PMCID: PMC10163095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates spatio-temporal variations of PM10 mass concentrations and associated metal(oid)s, δ13C carbon isotope ratios, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total organic carbon (TOC) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations over a half year period (from March 2017 to October 2017) in two residential areas of Medellín (MED-1 and MED-2) and Itagüí municipality (ITA-1 and ITA-2) at a tropical narrow valley (Aburrá Valley, Colombia), where few data are available. A total of 104 samples were analysed by using validated analytical methodologies, providing valuable data for PM10 chemical characterisation. Metal(oid)s concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acid digestion, and PAHs concentrations were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) after Pressurised Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) and Membrane Assisted Solvent Extraction (MASE). Mean PM10 mass concentration ranged from 37.0 µg m-3 to 45.7 µg m-3 in ITA-2 and MED-2 sites, respectively. Al, Ca, Mg and Na (from 6249 ng m-3 for Mg at MED-1 site to 10,506 ng m-3 for Ca at MED-2 site) were the major elements in PM10 samples, whilst As, Be, Bi, Co, Cs, Li, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl and V were found at trace levels (< 5.4 ng m-3). Benzo[g,h,i] perylene (BghiP), benzo[b + j]fluoranthene (BbjF) and indene(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IcdP) were the most profuse PAHs in PM10 samples, with average concentrations of 0.82-0.86, 0.60-0.78 and 0.47-0.58 ng m-3, respectively. Results observed in the four sampling sites showed a similar dispersion pattern of pollutants, with temporal fluctuations which seems to be associated to the meteorology of the valley. A PM source apportionment study were carried out by using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, pointing to re-suspended dust, combustion processes, quarry activity and secondary aerosols as PM10 sources in the study area. Among them, combustion was the major PM10 contribution (accounting from 32.1 to 32.9% in ITA-1 and ITA-2, respectively), followed by secondary aerosols (accounting for 13.2% and 23.3% ITA-1 and MED-1, respectively). Finally, a moderate carcinogenic risk was observed for PM10-bound PAHs exposure via inhalation, whereas significant carcinogenic risk was estimated for carcinogenic metal(oid)s exposure in the area during the sampling period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramos-Contreras
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión y Modelación Ambiental (GAIA), Escuela Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Piñeiro-Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Estefanía Concha-Graña
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Amaya Franco-Uría
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión y Modelación Ambiental (GAIA), Escuela Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang T, Cheng Z, Xu B, Zhang B, Li J, Zhang W, Wang K, Zhang G. Source Diversity of Intermediate Volatility n-Alkanes Revealed by Compound-Specific δ 13C-δD Isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14262-14271. [PMID: 36206450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) are important precursors of secondary organic aerosols, and their sources remain poorly defined. N-alkanes represent a considerable portion of IVOCs in atmosphere, which can be well identified and quantified out of the complex IVOC pool. To investigate the potential source diversity of intermediate volatility n-alkanes (IVnAs, nC12-nC20), we apportioned the sources of IVnAs in the atmosphere of four North China cities, based on their compound-specific δ13C-δD isotope compositions and Bayesian model analysis. The concentration level of IVnAs reached 1195 ± 594 ng/m3. The δ13C values of IVnAs ranged -32.3 to -27.6‰ and δD values -161 to -90‰. The δD values showed a general increasing trend toward higher carbon number alkanes, albeit a zigzag odd-even prevalence. Bayesian MixSIAR model using δ13C and δD compositions revealed that the source patterns of individual IVnAs were inconsistent; the relative contributions of liquid fossil combustion were higher for lighter IVnAs (e.g., nC12-nC13), while those of coal combustion were higher for heavier IVnAs (e.g., nC17-nC20). This result agrees with principal component analysis of the dual isotope data. Overall, coal combustion, liquid fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning contributed about 47.8 ± 0.1, 35.7 ± 4.0, and 16.3 ± 4.2% to the total IVnAs, respectively, highlighting the importance of coal combustion as an IVnA source in North China. Our study demonstrates that the dual-isotope approach is a powerful tool for source apportionment of atmospheric IVOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha410125, P.R. China
| | - Zhineng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Buqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Bolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha410125, P.R. China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha410125, P.R. China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Compound Specific Stable Isotope Analysis of Aromatics in Diesel Fuel to Identify Potential Cocktailing. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 334:111244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Chung IM, Kim YJ, Moon HS, Han JG, Kong WS, Yarnes CT, Kim SH. Improved accuracy of geographical origin identification of shiitake grown in sawdust medium: A compound-specific isotope model-based pilot study. Food Chem 2022; 369:130955. [PMID: 34488129 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In countries like South Korea and the USA, origin labeling of shiitake grown using imported Chinese-inoculated medium is an issue. Therefore, we evaluated the use of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) for the accurate identification of the geographical origin of shiitake (Korean, Chinese-inoculated medium, and Chinese); Chinese-inoculated medium shiitake were cultivated in Korea using inoculated sawdust medium from China. The CSIA-discriminant model showed an overall accuracy of 100% in the geographical classification of the original set and 96.4% for the cross-validated set. Glutamate and aspartate δ15N values were the most important variables for differentiating shiitake based on their origins. Compared to that observed upon using the bulk stable isotope analysis, the CSIA model was associated with significantly improved predictability of origin identification. Our findings elucidate the importance of isotope signatures in developing a reliable origin labeling method for shiitake cultured on the sawdust medium for the global market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ju Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Moon
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Han
- National Institutes of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 27709 Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Kong
- National Institutes of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 27709 Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher T Yarnes
- UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Van Hale R, Schofield M, Connor M, Barker R, Frew R. Stable isotope measurements to differentiate sources of monofluoroacetate in a blackmail case. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:839-847. [PMID: 30779226 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotope ratios can provide a 'fingerprint' to enable differentiation of sources of monofluoroacetate (MFA), hence providing a means to eliminate potential sources of MFA in a blackmail case involving the contamination of milk. METHODS The stable isotopic compositions (δ2 H, δ13 C and δ18 O values) of a library of 43 samples of MFA were determined and multivariate models constructed to differentiate samples of different composition. The data from the MFA library were compared with those obtained from MFA extracted from contaminated milk powder (the case samples). The isotopic composition of the extracted samples was measured on dichloroaniline derivatives. RESULTS A wide range of values was found for δ2 H, δ13 C and δ18 O of the MFA samples, much greater than the analytical repeatability between subsamples. Stable isotope data, therefore, provide a means of distinguishing samples of MFA. Of the 43 MFA samples tested, all but 6 could be eliminated as potential sources of the contamination, i.e. they had a distinctly different isotopic composition such that they must have had different histories and/or origins. CONCLUSIONS Stable isotope measurements of bulk and derivatized MFA provide an effective means of discriminating MFA samples. Three of the library samples that could not be differentiated from the case samples were directly connected to the suspect, and this evidence contributed to the suspect's admission of guilt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Van Hale
- Isotrace Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Schofield
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark Connor
- Wellington Forensic Service Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Porirua, New Zealand
| | - Richard Barker
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Russell Frew
- Isotrace Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chung IM, Kim JK, Yarnes CT, An YJ, Kwon C, Kim SY, Yang YJ, Chi HY, Kim SH. Fatty Acid- and Amino Acid-Specific Isotope Analysis for Accurate Authentication and Traceability in Organic Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:711-722. [PMID: 30543294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes compound-specific δ13C and δ15N analyses of fatty acids and amino acids for improving the accurate authentication of organic milk (OM) against conventional milk (CM) collected in Korea. Most δ13Cfatty-acid and δ13Camino-acid values were lower in OM than in CM ( P < 0.05); however, most δ15Namino-acid values displayed weak discriminative power for OM authentication. Higher isotopic fractionation was observed in δ13Cfatty-acid than in δ13Camino-acid and δ15Namino-acid, with fractionation trends differing with individual amino acids. In particular, δ13Clinoleic-acid of -33.5‰ and δ13Cmyristic-acid of -28‰ were determined to be promising year-round threshold values for Korean OM authentication. The δ13Cbulk was highly correlated with δ13CAla ( r = 0.92) and δ13Coleic-acid, trans ( r = 0.77), and strong positive correlations were observed between δ13CVal and δ13CIle ( r = 0.98) and between δ15NThr and δ15NSer ( r = 0.90). Chemometric modeling for OM authentication produced a high quality model ( R2 X = 0.547, R2 Y = 0.865, and Q2 = 0.689) with reliable chemical markers, notably δ13Cmyristic-acid, δ13Clinoleic-acid, and δ13Cstearic-acid. Furthermore, the models developed for seasonal separation in OM ( Q2 = 0.954) and CM ( Q2 = 0.791) were of good quality. Our findings, based on compound-specific isotope data, improve the reliability of OM authentication in cases where bulk stable isotope ratio analysis alone is insufficient. They also provide valuable insight into the control of fraudulent OM labeling in Korea, with potential application in other countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering , Incheon National University , Incheon 406-772 , Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher T Yarnes
- UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility , University of California, Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Yeon-Ju An
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Yang
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Youn Chi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Julien M, Nun P, Höhener P, Parinet J, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Enhanced forensic discrimination of pollutants by position-specific isotope analysis using isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 147:383-9. [PMID: 26592622 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In forensic environmental investigations the main issue concerns the inference of the original source of the pollutant for determining the liable party. Isotope measurements in geochemistry, combined with complimentary techniques for contaminant identification, have contributed significantly to source determination at polluted sites. In this work we have determined the intramolecular (13)C profiles of several molecules well-known as pollutants. By giving additional analytical parameters, position-specific isotope analysis performed by isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (irm-(13)C NMR) spectrometry gives new information to help in answering the major question: what is the origin of the detected contaminant? We have shown that isotope profiling of the core of a molecule reveals both the raw materials and the process used in its manufacture. It also can reveal processes occurring between the contamination site 'source' and the sampling site. Thus, irm-(13)C NMR is shown to be a very good complement to compound-specific isotope analysis currently performed by mass spectrometry for assessing polluted sites involving substantial spills of pollutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|