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Sarkar P, Lin CY, Buritica JR, Killiny N, Levy A. Crossing the Gateless Barriers: Factors Involved in the Movement of Circulative Bacteria Within Their Insect Vectors. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1805-1816. [PMID: 37160668 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0249-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant bacterial pathogens transmitted by hemipteran vectors pose a large threat to the agricultural industry worldwide. Although virus-vector relationships have been widely investigated, a significant gap exists in our understanding of the molecular interactions between circulative bacteria and their insect vectors, mainly leafhoppers and psyllids. In this review, we will describe how these bacterial pathogens adhere, invade, and proliferate inside their insect vectors. We will also highlight the different transmission routes and molecular factors of phloem-limited bacteria that maintain an effective relationship with the insect host. Understanding the pathogen-vector relationship at the molecular level will help in the management of vector-borne bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Jacobo Robledo Buritica
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Amit Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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2
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Zheng X, Liu L, Liu J, Zhang C, Zhang J, Qi Y, Xie L, Zhang C, Yao G, Bu P. Fibulin7 Mediated Pathological Cardiac Remodeling through EGFR Binding and EGFR-Dependent FAK/AKT Signaling Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207631. [PMID: 37344348 PMCID: PMC10460860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) result in heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Fibulin7 (FBLN7) is an adhesion protein excreted into the extracellular matrix that functions in multiple biological processes. However, whether and how FBLN7 affects post-MI cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Here, the authors identify FBLN7 as a critical profibrotic regulator of adverse cardiac remodeling. They observe significantly upregulated serum FBLN7 levels in MI patients with left ventricular remodeling compared to those without MI. Microarray dataset analysis reveal FBLN7 is upregulated in human heart samples from patients with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared with non-failing hearts. The authors demonstrate that FBLN7 deletion attenuated post-MI cardiac remodeling, leading to better cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis, whereas overexpression of FBLN7 results in the opposite effects. Mechanistically, FBLN7 binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through its EGF-like domain, together with the EGF-like calcium-binding domain, and induces EGFR autophosphorylation at tyrosine (Y) 1068 and Y1173, which activates downstream focal adhesion kinase/AKT signaling, thereby leading to fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. In addition, FBLN7-EGFR mediates this signal transduction, and the fibrotic response is effectively suppressed by the inhibition of EGFR activity. Taken together, FBLN7 plays an important role in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Lingxin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
- Department of CardiologyHeze Municipal HospitalHeze274000China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Yan Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Lin Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Guoqing Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Peili Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
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3
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Wang Y, Miao Y, Shen Q, Liu X, Chen M, Du J, Ning M, Bi J, Gu W, Wang L, Meng Q. Eriocheir sinensis vesicle-associated membrane protein can enhance host cell phagocytosis to resist Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:582-591. [PMID: 35964876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) belongs to the receptor protein on the membrane of the secretory transport vesicle and involves in host immune function. The intracellular pathogen Spiroplasma eriocheiris could cause Eriocheir sinensis tremor disease. In a previous study, it was found E. sinensis VAMP (EsVAMP) was differently expressed in S. eriocheiris infection by proteomics analysis. This study mainly aims at the function of EsVAMP in the process of the S. eriocheiris infection. The length of EsVAMP gene was 1681 bp, which contained a 395 bp open reading frame, 90 bp 5'-non-coding region (UTR) and 1277 bp 3'-UTR. The results of qPCR showed that EsVAMP was expressed highly in hemocytes and nerves, followed by gills, intestines and hepatopancreas, and lowly expressed in heart and muscles. EsVAMP in hemocytes was up-regulated after S. eriocheiris infection. After EsVAMP over-expression and S. eriocheiris infection, the RAW264.7 cell morphology and cell viability of the experiment group were significantly better than the control group. Meanwhile, the copy number of S. eriocheiris in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. After EsVAMP and pCMV-Cre-mCherry were ligated and transfected into RAW264.7 cells, it was found that EsVAMP and lysosome co-localized. Meanwhile, the phagocytosed inactivated S. eriocheiris number and phagocytosed efficiency in RAW264.7 cells were increased significantly. The interference experiment was carried out by synthesizing EsVAMP dsRNA to verify that the EsVAMP transcriptions were successfully suppressed. The S. eriocheiris copy number and the mortality of crab increased significantly after EsVAMP RNAi and S. eriocheiris infection. Meanwhile, the phagocytosed inactivated S. eriocheiris number and phagocytosed efficiency in hemocytes decreased significantly after EsVAMP RNAi and S. eriocheiris infection. These results showed that VAMP was involved in the cell phagocytosis to resist pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanyang Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingchun Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xueshi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Minyi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Du
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Mingxiao Ning
- Institution of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-product, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Institution of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-product, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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4
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Liu P, Ye Y, Xiang S, Li Y, Zhu C, Chen Z, Hu J, Gen Y, Lou L, Duan X, Zhang J, Gu W. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Invasion Mechanism of Spiroplasma eriocheiris in 3T6 Cells. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164619666220113154423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Spiroplasma eriocheiris is a novel pathogen of freshwater crustaceans and
is closely related to S. mirum. They have no cell wall and a helical morphology. They have the ability
to infect mammals with an unclear mechanism.
Objective:
In this study, our aim was to investigate the profile of protein expression in 3T6 cells infected
with S. eriocheiris.
Methods:
The proteome of 3T6 cells infected by S. eriocheiris was systematically investigated by
iTRAQ.
Results:
We identified and quantified 4915 proteins, 67 differentially proteins were found, including
30 up-regulated proteins and 37 down-regulated proteins. GO term analysis shows that dysregulation
of adhesion protein , interferon and cytoskeletal regulation are associated with apoptosis. Adhesion
protein Vcam1 and Interferon-induced protein GBP2, Ifit1, TAPBP, CD63 ,Arhgef2 were
up-regulated. A key cytoskeletal regulatory protein, ARHGEF17 was down-regulated. KEGG pathway
analysis showed the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway , the Jak-STAT
signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling are closely related to apoptosis in vivo.
Conclusion:
Analysis of the signaling pathways involved in invasion may provide new insights for
understanding the infection mechanisms of S. eriocheiris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shasha Xiang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Chengbin Zhu
- Hengyang Chinese
Medicine Hospital, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Gen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Li Lou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xuqi Duan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College
of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, 210046 Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for
Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, 222005 Jiangsu, China
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5
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Gerth M, Martinez-Montoya H, Ramirez P, Masson F, Griffin JS, Aramayo R, Siozios S, Lemaitre B, Mateos M, Hurst GDD. Rapid molecular evolution of Spiroplasma symbionts of Drosophila. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000503. [PMID: 33591248 PMCID: PMC8208695 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiroplasma is a genus of Mollicutes whose members include plant pathogens, insect pathogens and endosymbionts of animals. Spiroplasma phenotypes have been repeatedly observed to be spontaneously lost in Drosophila cultures, and several studies have documented a high genomic turnover in Spiroplasma symbionts and plant pathogens. These observations suggest that Spiroplasma evolves quickly in comparison to other insect symbionts. Here, we systematically assess evolutionary rates and patterns of Spiroplasma poulsonii, a natural symbiont of Drosophila. We analysed genomic evolution of sHy within flies, and sMel within in vitro culture over several years. We observed that S. poulsonii substitution rates are among the highest reported for any bacteria, and around two orders of magnitude higher compared with other inherited arthropod endosymbionts. The absence of mismatch repair loci mutS and mutL is conserved across Spiroplasma, and likely contributes to elevated substitution rates. Further, the closely related strains sMel and sHy (>99.5 % sequence identity in shared loci) show extensive structural genomic differences, which potentially indicates a higher degree of host adaptation in sHy, a protective symbiont of Drosophila hydei. Finally, comparison across diverse Spiroplasma lineages confirms previous reports of dynamic evolution of toxins, and identifies loci similar to the male-killing toxin Spaid in several Spiroplasma lineages and other endosymbionts. Overall, our results highlight the peculiar nature of Spiroplasma genome evolution, which may explain unusual features of its evolutionary ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gerth
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Present address: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Humberto Martinez-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Genética y Genómica Comparativa, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Mexico
| | - Paulino Ramirez
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Florent Masson
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joanne S. Griffin
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rodolfo Aramayo
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stefanos Siozios
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Mateos
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gregory D. D. Hurst
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Masson F, Calderon-Copete S, Schüpfer F, Vigneron A, Rommelaere S, Garcia-Arraez MG, Paredes JC, Lemaitre B. Blind killing of both male and female Drosophila embryos by a natural variant of the endosymbiotic bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13156. [PMID: 31912942 PMCID: PMC7187355 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spiroplasma poulsonii is a vertically transmitted endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster that causes male-killing, that is the death of infected male embryos during embryogenesis. Here, we report a natural variant of S. poulsonii that is efficiently vertically transmitted yet does not selectively kill males, but kills rather a subset of all embryos regardless of their sex, a phenotype we call 'blind-killing'. We show that the natural plasmid of S. poulsonii has an altered structure: Spaid, the gene coding for the male-killing toxin, is deleted in the blind-killing strain, confirming its function as a male-killing factor. Then we further investigate several hypotheses that could explain the sex-independent toxicity of this new strain on host embryos. As the second non-male-killing variant isolated from a male-killing original population, this new strain raises questions on how male-killing is maintained or lost in fly populations. As a natural knock-out of Spaid, which is unachievable yet by genetic engineering approaches, this variant also represents a valuable tool for further investigations on the male-killing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Masson
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Calderon-Copete
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Schüpfer
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Vigneron
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Samuel Rommelaere
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario G Garcia-Arraez
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan C Paredes
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Ning M, Xiu Y, Yuan M, Bi J, Hou L, Gu W, Wang W, Meng Q. Spiroplasma eriocheiris Invasion Into Macrobrachium rosenbergii Hemocytes Is Mediated by Pathogen Enolase and Host Lipopolysaccharide and β-1, 3-Glucan Binding Protein. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1852. [PMID: 31440244 PMCID: PMC6694788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiroplasma eriocheiris is a crustacean pathogen, without a cell wall, that causes enormous economic loss. Macrobrachium rosenbergii hemocytes are the major targets during S. eriocheiris infection. As wall-less bacteria, S. eriocheiris, its membrane protein should interact with host membrane protein directly and firstly when invaded in host cell. In this investigation, six potential hemocyte receptor proteins were identified firstly that mediate interaction between S. eriocheiris and M. rosenbergii. Among these proteins, lipopolysaccharide and β-1, 3-glucan binding protein (MrLGBP) demonstrated to bind to S. eriocheiris using bacterial binding assays and confocal microscopy. Four spiroplasma ligand proteins for MrLGBP were isolated and identified. But, competitive assessment demonstrated that only enolase of S. eriocheiris (SeEnolase) could be a candidate ligand for MrLGBP. Subsequently, the interaction between MrLGBP and SeEnolase was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization in vitro. After the interaction between MrLGBP and SeEnolase was inhibited by antibody neutralization test, the virulence ability of S. eriocheiris was effectively reduced. The quantity of S. eriocheiris decreased in Drosophila S2 cells after overexpression of MrLGBP, compared with the controls. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of MrLGBP made M. rosenbergii more sensitive to S. eriocheiris infection. Further studies found that the immune genes, including MrLGBP and prophenoloxidase (MrproPO), MrRab7A, and Mrintegrin α1 were significantly up-regulated by SeEnolase stimulation. After SeEnolase pre-stimulation, the ability of M. rosenbergii resistance to S. eriocheiris was significantly improved. Collectively, this investigation demonstrated that MrLGBP and pathogen SeEnolase involved in mediating S. eriocheiris invasion into M. rosenbergii hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunji Xiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meijun Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Libo Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, China
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8
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Hao W, Gao Q, Wang J, Gu W, Wang W, Meng Q. SPE0313 located at cell membrane of Spiroplasma eriocheiris is required for adhesion and invasion Eriocheir sinensis hemocytes. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:423-430. [PMID: 30659624 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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Infection Function of Adhesin-Like Protein ALP609 from Spiroplasma melliferum CH-1. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:701-708. [PMID: 29362879 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spiroplasma melliferum is the causative agent of spiroplasmosis in honeybees. During infection, adhesion of spiroplasmas to the host cells through adhesion factors is a crucial step. In this study, we identified an adhesin-like protein (ALP609) in S. melliferum CH-1 and investigated its role in the infection. To determine whether ALP609 is an adhesion factor, we performed indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize its adhesion properties. Subsequently, an infection model of S. melliferum CH-1 was established using primary midgut cells of Apis mellifera to examine the adhesion and invasion of spiroplasma using anti-ALP609 antibodies inhibition assays and competition assays with recombinant ALP609 in vitro. We found that anti-ALP609 antibodies could inhibit the adhesion and invasion of spiroplasma to the midgut cells of A. mellifera and reduce midgut cell invasion on increased exposure to recombinant ALP609. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying adhesion-related factors in S. melliferum. Our results suggested that ALP609 is an adhesin-like protein critical for invasion of S. melliferum CH-1 into midgut cells of A. mellifera.
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Hou L, Gu W, Zhu H, Yao W, Wang W, Meng Q. Spiroplasma eriocheiris induces mouse 3T6-Swiss albino cell apoptosis that associated with the infection mechanism. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:75-85. [PMID: 28889064 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spiroplasma eriocheiris is a novel pathogen similar to the Spiroplasma mirum and also had an ability to infect the newborn mice and caused cataract. Our study was designed to study how S. eriocheiris infects mouse 3T6-Swiss albino cells and to elucidate the cellular molecular pathogenesis of Spiroplasma. FCM analysis and MTT analysis clearly shown that S. eriocheiris could induce 3T6 cell apoptosis and cause cell viability decreased seriously. Immunofluorescence experiments and TEM analysis shown that S. eriocheiris can invade 3T6 cells and form typical inclusion bodies and exhibit vacuolization in vitro. S. eriocheiris-oxytetracycline protection assay show that the infective bacteria already were detected at 1h post infection, and sharply increased at 12h after the bacteria infection. To further study the infection mechanism of S. eriocheiris, global mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling were analyzed after the cells infected with the bacteria. A total of 619 non-redundant annotated transcripts (183 up-regulated and 436 down-regulated) and 22 miRNAs (8 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated) were differential expression after 6h S. eriocheiris infection compared to control group. Integrated analysis shown that homologous genes from differential expression miRNA targets and the differential expression genes of the mRNA microarray were major focused on two important pathways focal adhesion and MAPK signaling pathway. To validate the results of microarray, eight focal adhesion (β-Catenin, Parvin, Grb2 and ERK) and MAPK signaling pathway (FGFR, Grb2, ERK, MKK3, p38 and JNK) genes and the housekeeping gene GAPDH were assayed by qPCR and Western blot to confirm the results. Eight miRNAs (miR-143-3p, miR-214-5p, miR-322-3p, miR-328-5p, miR-351-5p, miR-466h-5p, miR-503-5p and miR-30c-1-3p) and the housekeeping gene U6 miRNA were assayed by qPCR to confirm the results of microarray. All the results help us better understand the infection mechanism of S. eriocheiris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Huanxi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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