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Kapusta J, Babicki M, Pieniawska-Śmiech K, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D, Jankowski P, Kasprzak JD, Wejner-Mik P, Bianek-Bodzak A, Chudzik M. Clinical and electrocardiographic correlates of myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19 in nonhospitalised patients in long-term follow-up. Data from the polish long-covid cardiovascular study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29331. [PMID: 38112151 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that COVID-19 is a multiorgan disease that significantly impacts the cardiovascular system. However, little is known about the predictors of myocardial dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the clinical and electrocardiographic correlates of myocardial dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhospitalised patients without previously diagnosed cardiovascular disease. This observational study included 448 patients selected from the database of 4142 patients in the Polish Long-Covid Cardiovascular study. All patients underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG); 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, 24/7 ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. According to the results of diagnostic tests, patients were divided into two groups depending on the occurrence of myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19. Group 1-without myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19-consisted of 419 patients, with a mean age of 48.82 (SD ± 11.91), and Group 2 (29 patients)-with myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19, with a mean age of 51.45 (SD ± 12.92). When comparing the analysed groups, there were significantly more men in Group 2 (p = 0.006). QRS (corresponds to the time of ventricular contraction in an electrocardiographic examination) fragmentation (p = 0.031), arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, supraventricular extrasystole, ventricular extrasystole) (p = 0.008), and male gender (p = 0.007) were independently associated with myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19. The study showed that myocardial damage after COVID-19 affects men more often and is independent of typical clinical factors and the severity of the disease course. The QRS fragmentation and arrhythmias observed in the ECG indicate the possibility of myocardial dysfunction in patients after COVID-19, which may be a valuable marker for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapusta
- Department of Internal Diseases, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Pieniawska-Śmiech
- Department of Immunology and Pediatrics, The J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław D Kasprzak
- I Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wejner-Mik
- I Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Michał Chudzik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Kapusta J, Chudzik M, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D, Burzyńska M, Jankowski P, Babicki M. Do selected lifestyle parameters affect the severity and symptoms of COVID-19 among elderly patients? The retrospective evaluation of individuals from the STOP-COVID registry of the PoLoCOV study. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:143-153. [PMID: 36521330 PMCID: PMC9743693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older individuals tend to include less physical activity in their routine and are more prone to chronic diseases and severe medical complications, making them the most burdened group that is losing years of life due to pandemic-related premature mortality. This research aimed to assess the lifestyle factors that affect the COVID-19 course among patients ≥ 65 years old. METHODS The study included 568 convalescents (64.1% women and 35.9% men) with persistent clinical symptoms after isolation. The mean age was 70.41 ± 4.64 years (minimum: 65 years; maximum: 89 years). The patients completed the questionnaire during their in-person visit to the medical center. The survey included questions regarding their health status when suffering from COVID-19, basic sociodemographic data, and medical history concerning chronic conditions and lifestyle. RESULTS Physical inactivity (p < 0.001) and feeling nervous (p = 0.026) increased the risk of having a severe disease course. Coronary artery disease raised both the risk of a severe disease course (p = 0.002) and the number of present symptoms up to 4 weeks (p = 0.039). Sleep disturbances increased the number of symptoms during infection (p = 0.001). The occurrence of any symptoms was also associated with the female sex (p = 0.004). The severity of the course was associated with longer persistent symptoms (p < 0.001) and a greater number of symptoms (p = 0.004); those with a more severe course were also at a greater risk of persistent symptoms for up to 4 weeks (p = 0.006). Senior citizens in the third pandemic wave suffered with more severe disease (p = 0.004), while illness during the fourth (p = 0.001) and fifth (p < 0.001) waves was associated with a lower risk of persistent symptoms for up to 4 weeks. The disease duration was significantly shorter among vaccinated patients (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Elderly COVID-19 patients should re-think their lifestyle habits to consider a physical activity level that is adjusted to their abilities, in order to decrease the risk of a severe disease course and to further limit both the number and duration of symptoms. The research was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approval from the Bioethics Committee of Lodz Regional Medical Chamber to conduct the study was obtained (approval number 0115/2021). The PoLoCOV-Study ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT05018052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapusta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 70–445 Lodz, Poland,Corresponding author
| | - Michał Chudzik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 01–813 Warsaw, Poland,Boruta Medical Center, 95–100 Zgierz, Poland,Corresponding author at: Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 01–813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat
- Boruta Medical Center, 95–100 Zgierz, Poland,Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90–136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Boruta Medical Center, 95–100 Zgierz, Poland,Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90–136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Burzyńska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social and Preventive Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz, 90–752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 01–813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51–141 Wroclaw, Poland
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Bunch CM, Moore EE, Moore HB, Neal MD, Thomas AV, Zackariya N, Zhao J, Zackariya S, Brenner TJ, Berquist M, Buckner H, Wiarda G, Fulkerson D, Huff W, Kwaan HC, Lankowicz G, Laubscher GJ, Lourens PJ, Pretorius E, Kotze MJ, Moolla MS, Sithole S, Maponga TG, Kell DB, Fox MD, Gillespie L, Khan RZ, Mamczak CN, March R, Macias R, Bull BS, Walsh MM. Immuno-Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Implications for Timing of Surgery and Anticoagulation. Front Surg 2022; 9:889999. [PMID: 35599794 PMCID: PMC9119324 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.889999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, global governing bodies prioritized transmissibility-based precautions and hospital capacity as the foundation for delay of elective procedures. As elective surgical volumes increased, convalescent COVID-19 patients faced increased postoperative morbidity and mortality and clinicians had limited evidence for stratifying individual risk in this population. Clear evidence now demonstrates that those recovering from COVID-19 have increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. These data-in conjunction with the recent American Society of Anesthesiologists guidelines-offer the evidence necessary to expand the early pandemic guidelines and guide the surgeon's preoperative risk assessment. Here, we argue elective surgeries should still be delayed on a personalized basis to maximize postoperative outcomes. We outline a framework for stratifying the individual COVID-19 patient's fitness for surgery based on the symptoms and severity of acute or convalescent COVID-19 illness, coagulopathy assessment, and acuity of the surgical procedure. Although the most common manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is COVID-19 pneumonitis, every system in the body is potentially afflicted by an endotheliitis. This endothelial derangement most often manifests as a hypercoagulable state on admission with associated occult and symptomatic venous and arterial thromboembolisms. The delicate balance between hyper and hypocoagulable states is defined by the local immune-thrombotic crosstalk that results commonly in a hemostatic derangement known as fibrinolytic shutdown. In tandem, the hemostatic derangements that occur during acute COVID-19 infection affect not only the timing of surgical procedures, but also the incidence of postoperative hemostatic complications related to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC). Traditional methods of thromboprophylaxis and treatment of thromboses after surgery require a tailored approach guided by an understanding of the pathophysiologic underpinnings of the COVID-19 patient. Likewise, a prolonged period of risk for developing hemostatic complications following hospitalization due to COVID-19 has resulted in guidelines from differing societies that recommend varying periods of delay following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, we propose the perioperative, personalized assessment of COVID-19 patients' CAC using viscoelastic hemostatic assays and fluorescent microclot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M. Bunch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ernest E. Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Hunter B. Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anthony V. Thomas
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nuha Zackariya
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Sufyan Zackariya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Toby J. Brenner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Margaret Berquist
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Hallie Buckner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Grant Wiarda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Wei Huff
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Hau C. Kwaan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Genevieve Lankowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maritha J. Kotze
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muhammad S. Moolla
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sithembiso Sithole
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tongai G. Maponga
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mark D. Fox
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Laura Gillespie
- Department of Quality Assurance and Performance Improvement, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Rashid Z. Khan
- Department of Hematology, Michiana Hematology Oncology, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Christiaan N. Mamczak
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Memorial Hospital South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Robert March
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Rachel Macias
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
| | - Brian S. Bull
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Mark M. Walsh
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, United States
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Lapić I, Radić Antolic M, Horvat I, Premužić V, Palić J, Rogić D, Zadro R. Association of polymorphisms in genes encoding prothrombotic and cardiovascular risk factors with disease severity in COVID-19 patients: a pilot study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3669-3675. [PMID: 35415903 PMCID: PMC9088581 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the association of 16 polymorphisms in genes encoding prothrombotic and cardiovascular risk factors with COVID‐19 disease severity: FV G1691A, FV H1299R, FII G20210A, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298, factor XIII V34L, PAI‐1 4G/5G, EPCR haplotypes (A1/A2/A3), eNOS −786 T > C, eNOS G894T, LTA C804A, ACE I/D, ITGB3 PIA1/A2, ITGA2B Baka/b, β‐Fbg −455 G > A and ApoB R3500Q. The study included 30 patients with severe COVID‐19 and 49 non‐severe COVID‐19 patients. All studied polymorphisms except ITGA2B Baka/b were determined using multilocus genotyping assays CVD StripAssays (ViennaLab Diagnostics), while ITGA2B was genotyped using a real‐time PCR method based on TaqMan technology. A higher frequency of carriers of at least one ITGB3 PIA2 allele was found in severe COVID‐19 patients (p = 0.009). The distribution of genotypes was significantly different for ß‐Fbg −455 G > A (p = 0.042), with only three homozygous AA genotypes found among severe COVID‐19 patients. The association with an increased risk for severe COVID‐19 was found for ITGB3, with carriers of at least one ITGB3 PIA2 allele having a 3.5‐fold greater risk of severe COVID‐19 (p = 0.011). Genotype distribution differences were obtained for the combinations of FV H1299R and FXIII V34L (p = 0.026), ITGB3 PIA1/A2 and ITGA2B Baka/b (p = 0.024), and ACE I/D and PAI‐1 4G/5G (p = 0.046). ITGB3 polymorphism emerged as an independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19 and homozygosity for ß‐Fbg −455 G > A mutation could contribute to disease severity. The combined effect of polymorphisms in genes encoding prothrombotic and cardiovascular risk factors could further contribute to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lapić
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Ivana Horvat
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Vedran Premužić
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and TransplantationUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Jozefina Palić
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Renata Zadro
- Medical Biochemistry LaboratorySt Catherine Specialty HospitalZagrebCroatia
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Yao L, Lu L, Ma W. Immunopathological changes, complications, sequelae and immunological memory in COVID-19 patients. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09302. [PMID: 35497026 PMCID: PMC9040416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Confirmed SARS-CoV-2-caused disease (COVID-19) cases have reached 275.65 million worldwide. Although the majority of COVID-19 patients present mild to moderate symptoms, some have severe complications including death. We first reviewed the pathogenesis on ACE2, a binding receptor of SARS-CoV-2 expressed in multiple organs, and prevalent multinucleate syncytia in the lung tissues of COVID-19 patients. Then, we evaluated the pathological, immunological changes and sequelae in the major organs. Finally, we reviewed the immunological memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The binding of SARS-Cov-2 to ACE2 receptor results in reduced ACE2 protein levels, which may lead to elevated susceptibility to inflammation, cell death, organ failure, and potentially severe illness. These damages increase the risk of health problems over a long period, which result in many complications. The complications in multiple organs lead to the increased risk of long-term health problems that require additional attention. A multidisciplinary care team is necessary for further management and recovery of the COVID-19 survivors. Many COVID-19 patients will probably make antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus for most of their lives, and the immunity against reinfection would last for 3-61 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Yao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Center for Biomedical Data Science and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Tudoran C, Tudoran M, Abu-Awwad A, Cut TG, Voiță-Mekereș F. Spontaneous Hematomas and Deep Vein Thrombosis during the Recovery from a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Case Report and Literature Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020230. [PMID: 35208553 PMCID: PMC8878215 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The frequent occurrence of thromboembolic events in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is a well-recognized fact in the medical literature, but less data is available about possible hemorrhagic incidents. Methods: We report the case of a 76-year-old patient who suffered from a mild COVID-19 infection in September 2021 and after four weeks, experienced a completely spontaneous popliteal hematoma followed by deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Therapy with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) was started, but subsequently, the patient developed a massive sub-pectoral and calf hematoma leading to moderate post-hemorrhagic anemia and acute kidney injury. This patient was treated completely conservatively. Conclusions: Considering the continuous spread of the infection with various, continuously evolving strains of this virus and the extended use of LWMH in clinical practice, such cases were seldom described in the medical literature, but should be considered as a potential cause for hemorrhagic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tudoran
- Department VII, Internal Medicine II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, L. Rebreanu Str., Nr. 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mariana Tudoran
- Department VII, Internal Medicine II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital, L. Rebreanu Str., Nr. 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (T.G.C.); Tel.: +40-722-310-302 (M.T.)
| | - Ahmed Abu-Awwad
- Department XV-Orthopedics Traumatology, Urology and Medical Imaging Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Talida Georgiana Cut
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Ethics in Human Genetic Identifications, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (T.G.C.); Tel.: +40-722-310-302 (M.T.)
| | - Florica Voiță-Mekereș
- Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
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Rais N, Ahmad R, Ved A, Parveen K, Ishrat T, Prakash O, Shadab M, Bari DG, Siddiqui NA. Diabetes Mellitus during the Pandemic Covid-19: Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Mechanism, and Management: An updated overview. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e120721194712. [PMID: 34931983 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210712160651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most frequently reported comorbidities in patients tainted with the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With a high pervasiveness of diabetes mellitus, there is an urgency to understand the special aspects of COVID-19 in hyperglycemic patients. Diabetic patients are at higher risk than the general population of viral or bacterial infections, thus require special attention since diabetes is linked with severe, critical, and lethal modes of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to focus on epidemiology, pathophysiology, mechanism, and management of DM with COVID-19. METHODS The search was carried out on databases portals such as Pubmed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and CINAHL with the keywords, i.e., COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, diabetes, covid-19, etc. Result: DM and COVID-19 disease conditions can impact each other in terms of clinical progression and outcome. Available laboratory/clinical observations suggest that hyperglycemia-induced immune dysfunction, inflated lactate grades, and cytokines storm may play critical roles in the seriousness of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms linking diabetes and COVID-19 remain to be further clarified. CONCLUSION Standards to constrain the disease spread at the individual and community level are the key to extenuate the speedily rising pandemic, while definitive treatment, like plasma therapy, chemoprophylaxis, or vaccine for COVID-19, has yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Rais
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305004, India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivek College of Technical Education, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, 246701, India
| | - Akash Ved
- Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Kehkashan Parveen
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Om Prakash
- Goel Institute of Pharmacy and Sciences, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Mohd Shadab
- Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 26671, Bahrain
| | | | - Nasir Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2457-11451, KSA
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