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Vafa RG, Sabahizadeh A, Mofarrah R. Guarding the heart: How SGLT-2 inhibitors protect against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: SGLT-2 inhibitors and chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102350. [PMID: 38128634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of chemotherapy agents has significantly transformed cancer treatment, with anthracyclines being one of the most commonly used drugs. While these agents have proven to be highly effective against various types of cancers, they come with complications, including neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. Among these side effects, cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with anthracyclines being the primary culprit. Chemotherapy medications have various mechanisms that can lead to cardiac injury. Hence, numerous studies have been conducted to decrease the cardiotoxicity of these treatments. Combination therapy with beta-blockers, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers have effectively reduced such outcomes. However, a definitive preventive strategy is yet to be established. Meanwhile, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes by reducing its re-absorption in the kidneys. They are thus considered potent drugs for glycemic control and reduction of cardiovascular risks. Recent studies have shown that SGLT-2 inhibitors are crucial in preventing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. They enhance heart cell viability, prevent degenerative changes, stimulate autophagy, and reduce cell death. This drug class also reduces inflammation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, it can not only reverse the harmful effects of anticancer agents on the heart structure but also enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy by minimizing potential consequences on the heart. In conclusion, SGLT-2 inhibitors hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for protecting cancer patients from chemotherapy-induced heart damage and improving cardiovascular outcomes.
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Marrone G, Urciuoli S, Candi E, Bernini R, Vanni G, Masci C, Guerriero C, Mancini M, De Lorenzo A, Vignolini P, Noce A. Biological Activities of Molecules Derived from Olea europaea L. Tested In Vitro. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 38255664 PMCID: PMC10820526 DOI: 10.3390/life14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra virgin olive oil is a typical food of the Mediterranean area, obtained by pressing Olea europaea L. fruits. Its polyphenols have been studied for their antioxidant function and protective action against cancer and chronic kidney disease. In this in vitro study, we tested titrated extracts from Olea europaea L. on a human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293E) cell line, regarding their pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative capacities, using " IncuCyte® S3 Live-Cell Analysis System". MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected Olea europaea L. active compounds like hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OLE). These extracts were tested at different concentrations and characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS for the content in secondary active metabolites. The real-time observation of cell behavior was performed by IncuCyte, which can quantitatively analyze the cell proliferation and death. RESULTS This study showed that all the tested extracts can significantly inhibit cellular growth at 50 µM but the reduced proliferation is not related to an increase in cellular apoptosis. Instead, the same analysis performed by using extracts at 100 µM reveals that they can inhibit cellular growth, further inducing cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results on the HEK-293E cells confirmed the antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions of active compounds from an Olea europaea L. matrix in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)—DiSIA, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.U.)
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermatopatico Dell’Immacolata—IDI, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vanni
- Breast Unit, Department of Surgical Science, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Masci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Guerriero
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- Istituto Dermatopatico Dell’Immacolata—IDI, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vignolini
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)—DiSIA, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.U.)
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Albini A, Albini F, Corradino P, Dugo L, Calabrone L, Noonan DM. From antiquity to contemporary times: how olive oil by-products and waste water can contribute to health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1254947. [PMID: 37908306 PMCID: PMC10615083 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1254947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since antiquity, numerous advantages of olive oil and its by-products have been recognized in various domains, including cooking, skincare, and healthcare. Extra virgin olive oil is a crucial component of the Mediterranean diet; several of its compounds exert antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects against a variety of cancers, and also affect cellular metabolism, targeting cancer cells through their metabolic derangements. Numerous olive tree parts, including leaves, can contribute metabolites useful to human health. Olive mill waste water (OMWW), a dark and pungent liquid residue produced in vast amounts during olive oil extraction, contains high organic matter concentrations that may seriously contaminate the soil and surrounding waters if not managed properly. However, OMWW is a rich source of phytochemicals with various health benefits. In ancient Rome, the farmers would employ what was known as amurca, a mulch-like by-product of olive oil production, for many purposes and applications. Several studies have investigated anti-angiogenic and chemopreventive activities of OMWW extracts. The most prevalent polyphenol in OMWW extracts is hydroxytyrosol (HT). Verbascoside and oleuperin are also abundant. We assessed the impact of one such extract, A009, on endothelial cells (HUVEC) and cancer cells. A009 was anti-angiogenic in several in vitro assays (growth, migration, adhesion) and inhibited angiogenesis in vivo, outperforming HT alone. A009 inhibited cells from several tumors in vitro and in vivo and showed potential cardioprotective effects mitigating cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy drugs, commonly used in cancer treatment, and reducing up-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers in cardiomyocytes. Extracts from OMWW and other olive by-products have been evaluated for biological activities by various international research teams. The results obtained make them promising candidates for further development as nutraceutical and cosmeceutical agents or dietary supplement, especially in cancer prevention or even in co-treatments with anti-cancer drugs. Furthermore, their potential to offer cardioprotective benefits opens up avenues for application in the field of cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Albini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), European Institute of Oncology IEO, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Albini
- Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Corradino
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), European Institute of Oncology IEO, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dugo
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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Barone L, Palano MT, Gallazzi M, Cucchiara M, Rossi F, Borgese M, Raspanti M, Zecca PA, Mortara L, Papait R, Bernardini G, Valdatta L, Bruno A, Gornati R. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived soluble factors, produced under hypoxic condition, efficiently support in vivo angiogenesis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:174. [PMID: 37221171 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration or healing both require efficient vascularization within a tissue-damaged area. Based on this concept, a remarkable number of strategies, aimed at developing new tools to support re-vascularization of damaged tissue have emerged. Among the strategies proposed, the use of pro-angiogenic soluble factors, as a cell-free tool, appears as a promising approach, able to overcome the issues concerning the direct use of cells for regenerative medicine therapy. Here, we compared the effectiveness of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), use as cell suspension, ASC protein extract or ASC-conditioned-medium (i.e., soluble factors), combined with collagenic scaffold, in supporting in vivo angiogenesis. We also tested the capability of hypoxia in increasing the efficiency of ASC to promote angiogenesis, via soluble factors, both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies were performed using the Integra® Flowable Wound Matrix, and the Ultimatrix in sponge assay. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the scaffold- and sponge-infiltrating cells. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of pro-angiogenic factors by stimulating Human Umbilical-Vein Endothelial Cells with ASC-conditioned media, obtained in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We found that, in vivo, ACS-conditioned media can support angiogenesis similar to ASCs and ASC protein extract. Also, we observed that hypoxia increases the pro-angiogenic activities of ASC-conditioned media, compared to normoxia, by generating a secretome enriched in pro-angiogenic soluble factors, with bFGF, Adiponectine, ENA78, GRO, GRO-a, and ICAM1-3, as most regulated factors. Finally, ASC-conditioned media, produced in hypoxic condition, induce the expression of pro-angiogenic molecules in HUVECs. Our results provide evidence that ASC-conditioned-medium can be proposed as a cell-free preparation able to support angiogenesis, thus providing a relevant tool to overcome the issues and restrictions associated with the use of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Barone
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Borgese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Mario Raspanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Piero Antonio Zecca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Papait
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Valdatta
- Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138, Milan, Italy.
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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Uruski P, Matuszewska J, Leśniewska A, Rychlewski D, Niklas A, Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Tykarski A, Książek K. An integrative review of nonobvious puzzles of cellular and molecular cardiooncology. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:44. [PMID: 37221467 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncologic patients are subjected to four major treatment types: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All nonsurgical forms of cancer management are known to potentially violate the structural and functional integrity of the cardiovascular system. The prevalence and severity of cardiotoxicity and vascular abnormalities led to the emergence of a clinical subdiscipline, called cardiooncology. This relatively new, but rapidly expanding area of knowledge, primarily focuses on clinical observations linking the adverse effects of cancer therapy with deteriorated quality of life of cancer survivors and their increased morbidity and mortality. Cellular and molecular determinants of these relations are far less understood, mainly because of several unsolved paths and contradicting findings in the literature. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view of the cellular and molecular etiology of cardiooncology. We pay particular attention to various intracellular processes that arise in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells treated in experimentally-controlled conditions in vitro and in vivo with ionizing radiation and drugs representing diverse modes of anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Leśniewska
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Rychlewski
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Niklas
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa ½ Str., 61-848, Poznan, Poland.
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Moossavi M, Lu X, Herrmann J, Xu X. Molecular mechanisms of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity: Zebrafish come into play. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1080299. [PMID: 36970353 PMCID: PMC10036604 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1080299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are among the most potent chemotherapeutics; however, cardiotoxicity significantly restricts their use. Indeed, anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) fares among the worst types of cardiomyopathy, and may only slowly and partially respond to standard heart failure therapies including β-blockers and ACE inhibitors. No therapy specifically designed to treat anthracycline cardiomyopathy at present, and neither is it known if any such strategy could be developed. To address this gap and to elucidate the molecular basis of AIC with a therapeutic goal in mind, zebrafish has been introduced as an in vivo vertebrate model about a decade ago. Here, we first review our current understanding of the basic molecular and biochemical mechanisms of AIC, and then the contribution of zebrafish to the AIC field. We summarize the generation of embryonic zebrafish AIC models (eAIC) and their use for chemical screening and assessment of genetic modifiers, and then the generation of adult zebrafish AIC models (aAIC) and their use for discovering genetic modifiers via forward mutagenesis screening, deciphering spatial-temporal-specific mechanisms of modifier genes, and prioritizing therapeutic compounds via chemical genetic tools. Several therapeutic target genes and related therapies have emerged, including a retinoic acid (RA)-based therapy for the early phase of AIC and an autophagy-based therapy that, for the first time, is able to reverse cardiac dysfunction in the late phase of AIC. We conclude that zebrafish is becoming an important in vivo model that would accelerate both mechanistic studies and therapeutic development of AIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moossavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Correspondence: Xiaolei Xu
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Microbiota-Derived Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Inside the Gut Pharma Factory. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054997. [PMID: 36902427 PMCID: PMC10003410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have drawn much attention as important tumour-initiating cells that may also be crucial for recurrence after chemotherapy. Although the activity of CSCs in various forms of cancer is complex and yet to be fully elucidated, opportunities for therapies targeting CSCs exist. CSCs are molecularly distinct from bulk tumour cells, so they can be targeted by exploiting their signature molecular pathways. Inhibiting stemness has the potential to reduce the risk posed by CSCs by limiting or eliminating their capacity for tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. Here, we briefly described the role of CSCs in tumour biology, the mechanisms involved in CSC therapy resistance, and the role of the gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment, to then review and discuss the current advances in the discovery of microbiota-derived natural compounds targeting CSCs. Collectively, our overview suggests that dietary intervention, toward the production of those identified microbial metabolites capable of suppressing CSC properties, is a promising approach to support standard chemotherapy.
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