1
|
Cavalli NP, de Mello MB, Righi NC, Schuch FB, Signori LU, da Silva AMV. Effects of high-intensity interval training and its different protocols on lipid profile and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:333-349. [PMID: 38531052 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2330232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its different protocols versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or control on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, HbA1c levels, and fasting glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The search strategy was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Sport DISCUS, and PEDro, until January 2023. A total of 31 studies (1092 individuals) were included. When compared to control, HIIT decreased total cholesterol by -0.31 mmol/L (95% CI -0.49; -0.12), LDL by -0.31 mmol/L (95% CI -0.49; -0.12), triglycerides by -0.27 mmol/L (95% CI -0.33; -0.2), HbA1c by -0.75% (95% CI -0.97; -0.53), fasting glucose by -1.15 mmol/L (95% CI -1.44; -0.86), and increased HDL by 0.24 mmol/L (95% CI 0.06; 0.42). No difference was found in the comparison between HIIT versus MICT for any of the outcomes analysed, however subgroup analysis showed that a moderate-interval (>30s to < 2 min) and moderate-term (>4 to < 12 weeks) HIIT protocol reduced total cholesterol, when compared to MICT. HIIT is able to improve lipid profile and glycaemic control in T2DM individuals, and specific protocols can be recommended for improving total cholesterol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandiny Paula Cavalli
- Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brondani de Mello
- Postgraduate Program in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Natiele Camponogara Righi
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sport Methods and Techniques, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulisses Signori
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Antônio Marcos Vargas da Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santos A, Braaten K, MacPherson M, Vasconcellos D, Vis-Dunbar M, Lonsdale C, Lubans D, Jung ME. Rates of compliance and adherence to high-intensity interval training: a systematic review and Meta-analyses. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:134. [PMID: 37990239 PMCID: PMC10664287 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine rates of compliance (i.e., supervised intervention attendance) and adherence (i.e., unsupervised physical activity completion) to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) among insufficiently active adults and adults with a medical condition, and determine whether compliance and adherence rates were different between HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). METHODS Articles on adults in a HIIT intervention and who were either insufficiently active or had a medical condition were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. Article screening and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 or ROBINS-I. Meta-analyses were conducted to discern differences in compliance and adherence between HIIT vs. MICT. Sensitivity analyses, publication bias, sub-group analyses, and quality appraisal were conducted for each meta-analysis. RESULTS One hundred eighty-eight unique studies were included (n = 8928 participants). Compliance to HIIT interventions averaged 89.4% (SD:11.8%), while adherence to HIIT averaged 63% (SD: 21.1%). Compliance and adherence to MICT averaged 92.5% (SD:10.6%) and 68.2% (SD:16.2%), respectively. Based on 65 studies included in the meta-analysis, compliance rates were not different between supervised HIIT and MICT interventions [Hedge's g = 0.015 (95%CI: - 0.088-0.118), p = .78]. Results were robust and low risk of publication bias was detected. No differences were detected based on sub-group analyses comparing medical conditions or risk of bias of studies. Quality of the evidence was rated as moderate over concerns in the directness of the evidence. Based on 10 studies, adherence rates were not different between unsupervised HIIT and MICT interventions [Hedge's g = - 0.313 (95%CI: - 0.681-0.056), p = .096]. Sub-group analysis points to differences in adherence rates dependent on the method of outcome measurement. Adherence results should be interpreted with caution due to very low quality of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Compliance to HIIT and MICT was high among insufficiently active adults and adults with a medical condition. Adherence to HIIT and MICT was relatively moderate, although there was high heterogeneity and very low quality of evidence. Further research should take into consideration exercise protocols employed, methods of outcome measurement, and measurement timepoints. REGISTRATION This review was registered in the PROSPERO database and given the identifier CRD42019103313.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Santos
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyra Braaten
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan MacPherson
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diego Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathew Vis-Dunbar
- Library, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Lubans
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mary E Jung
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parada Flores B, Luna-Villouta P, Martínez Salazar C, Flández Valderrama J, Valenzuela Contreras L, Flores-Rivera C, Vargas-Vitoria R. Physical Exercise Methods and Their Effects on Glycemic Control and Body Composition in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Systematic Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2529-2545. [PMID: 37998066 PMCID: PMC10670304 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of T2DM represents a challenge for health agencies due to its high risk of morbidity and mortality. Physical Activity (PA) is one of the fundamental pillars for the treatment of T2DM, so Physical Exercise (PE) programs have been applied to research their effectiveness. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of PE methods on glycemic control and body composition of adults with T2DM. A systematic review without meta-analysis was performed, using the PubMed database. Quasi-experimental and pure experimental clinical trials were included, which were available free of charge and were published during 2010-2020. In the results, 589 articles were found and 25 passed the inclusion criteria. These were classified and analyzed according to the methods identified (AE, IE, RE, COM, and others), duration and variable(s) studied. It is concluded that PE is effective for glycemic control and body composition in adults with T2DM using different methods (AE, IE, RE, COM, and others), both in the short and long term. Adequate organization of PE components such as frequency, duration, volume, and intensity, is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastián Parada Flores
- Facultad de Educación, Magíster en Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Pablo Luna-Villouta
- Facultad de Educación, Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Cristian Martínez Salazar
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Jorge Flández Valderrama
- Facultad Filosofía y Humanidades, Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, Escuela de Educación Física, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Luis Valenzuela Contreras
- Facultad de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, Santiago 8330226, Chile;
| | - Carol Flores-Rivera
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Vargas-Vitoria
- Facultad de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamasaki H. High-intensity Interval Training in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Perspective from Previous Systematic Reviews. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:1248-1253. [PMID: 37005528 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230330124105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
|
5
|
Liu H, Liu S, Wang K, Zhang T, Yin L, Liang J, Yang Y, Luo J. Time-Dependent Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14194. [PMID: 36361072 PMCID: PMC9655086 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity is an important non-drug-related method to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, but how exercise duration affects the cardiovascular metabolic risk factors in adults remains uncertain. This review systematically examines the time-dependent effects of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in adults and aims to further the understanding of the temporal therapeutics of exercise. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CNKI databases were systematically searched for relevant scientific studies from January 2000 to June 2022. RESULTS A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The sample size ranged from 11-275 participants who were diagnosed with obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and Coronary Heart Disease (CAD), while the subjects in four studies did not report any metabolic or cardiovascular disease. Four studies conducted trials of acute exercise interventions, while the remaining intervention periods ranged from 12 days to 12 weeks. The exercise interventions included aerobic training, resistance training, aerobic training that was combined with resistance training, compound exercise, and high-intensity interval exercise, and the training frequency varied from 2-5 times/week. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review found some evidence that the cardiovascular risk factors in adults may be time-dependent in response to physical activity. However, it is limited by the small sample size for each of the outcomes and several methodological issues, leading to poor comparability between studies. A randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is supposed to be designed for the relevant population to completely test whether synchronizing the exercise time point in the day with the individual's circadian rhythm can amplify the benefits of the exercise for improving cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiong Luo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-131-0899-1439
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Associations between β-Blocker Therapy at Discharge and Long-Term Follow-Up Outcomes in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris. Cardiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:5287566. [PMID: 36213457 PMCID: PMC9537036 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5287566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of β-blockers in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) are unclear. We tried to evaluate associations between β-blockers in UAP and long-term outcomes. Methods We enrolled 5591 UAP patients and divided them into 2 groups based on β-blockers at discharge: 3790 did β-blockers and 1801 did not used them. Propensity score matching at 1 : 1 was performed to select 1786 patients from each group. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) during the long-term follow-up period. Results 67.8% of patients were on β-blockers at discharge; these patients were more likely to have CHD risk factors, lower ejection fraction, and severity of the coronary artery lesions. Over a median of 25.0 years, the incidence of MACCE was 25.5%. The risk was not significantly different between those on and those not on β-blocker treatment. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that no β-blocker use at discharge was not an independent risk factor for MACCE and sequence secondary endpoints. After propensity score matching, the results were similar. Conclusions β-blocker use was not associated with lower MACCE and other secondary composite endpoints in long-term outcomes. This result adds to the increasing body of evidence that the routine prescription of β-blockers might not be indicated in patients with UAP. Trial registration had retrospectively registered.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mateo-Gallego R, Madinaveitia-Nisarre L, Giné-Gonzalez J, María Bea A, Guerra-Torrecilla L, Baila-Rueda L, Perez-Calahorra S, Civeira F, Lamiquiz-Moneo I. The effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control in subjects with diabetes: Systematic review a meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:109979. [PMID: 35780905 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this meta-analysis was to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with control conditions (CON) or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on glycemic parameters in diabetes subjects. METHODS Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched for HIIT interventions that were carried out in diabetic subjects and exploring fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin and/or HOMA-IR. RESULTS This systematic review retrieved a total of 1741 studies of which 32 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Nineteen trials were included in the meta-analysis since they compared HIIT intervention with CON or MICT group. There was a significantly reduction of fasting glucose of 13.3 mg/dL (p < 0.001), Hb1Ac -0.34% (p < 0.001), insulin -2.27 UI/L (p = 0.003), HOMA-IR -0.88 (p = 0.005) in the HIIT-group compared with CON-group. Nevertheless, this reduction was not significantly different when comparing HIIT with MICT (p = 0.140, p = 0.315, p = 0.520 and p = 0.389). Besides, there was a significant increase of absolute VO2max of 0.21 L/min (p < 0.001) and relative VO2max of 2.94 ml/kg/min (p < 0.001) in the HIIT-group compared with the CON-group and the MICT-group (0.22 L/min, p = 0.025) and (0.97 ml/kg/min, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed that HIIT intervention led to significant improvement in glycemic control and insulin resistance in subjects with diabetes compared with CON-group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Mateo-Gallego
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Universidad de Za-ragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
| | - Loreto Madinaveitia-Nisarre
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaume Giné-Gonzalez
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana María Bea
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lydia Guerra-Torrecilla
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Baila-Rueda
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofia Perez-Calahorra
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Universidad de Za-ragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
INGLIS W, KHOLVADIA A, KRAMER M. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic markers following a 6-week high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training intervention in moderately trained individuals. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.21.04608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
Ness HO, Ljones K, Gjelsvik RH, Tjønna AE, Malmo V, Nilsen HO, Hollekim-Strand SM, Dalen H, Høydal MA. Acute effects of high intensity training on cardiac function: a pilot study comparing subjects with type 2 diabetes to healthy controls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8239. [PMID: 35581305 PMCID: PMC9114004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated acute cardiac stress after a high-intensity interval training session in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) versus healthy controls. High intensity aerobic exercise was performed by 4 × 4-min intervals (90-95% of maximal heart rate), followed by a ramp protocol to peak oxygen uptake. Echocardiography was performed before and 30 min after exercise. Holter electrocardiography monitored heart rhythms 24 h before, during, and 24 h after the exercise. Left atrial end-systolic volume, peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity, and the ratio of peak early to late diastolic mitral inflow velocity were reduced by approximately 18%, 15%, and 31%, respectively, after exercise across groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness was the only echo parameter that significantly differed between groups in response to exercise. The T2D group had a rate of supraventricular extrasystoles per hour that was 265% greater than that of the controls before exercise, which remained higher after exercise. A single exhaustive exercise session impaired left ventricular diastolic function in both groups. The findings also indicated impaired right ventricular function in patients with T2D after exercise.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02998008.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning O. Ness
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Ljones
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi H. Gjelsvik
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnt Erik Tjønna
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegard Malmo
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans Olav Nilsen
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Marte Hollekim-Strand
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.414625.00000 0004 0627 3093Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Morten Andre Høydal
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Nutrition-Microbiota-Physical Activity Triad: An Inspiring New Concept for Health and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050924. [PMID: 35267899 PMCID: PMC8912693 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real “orchestra conductor” in the host’s physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, gut microbiota composition and activity are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Literature data have shown that macro- and micro-nutrients influence gut microbiota composition. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as shown by studies using training and hypoactivity models. Sports performance studies have also presented interesting and promising results. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered a “pivotal” organ for health and sports performance, leading to a new concept: the nutrition-microbiota-physical activity triad. The next challenge for the scientific and medical communities is to test this concept in clinical studies. The long-term aim is to find the best combination of the three elements of this triad to optimize treatments, delay disease onset, or enhance sports performance. The many possibilities offered by biotic supplementation and training modalities open different avenues for future research.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bonafiglia JT, Preobrazenski N, Gurd BJ. A Systematic Review Examining the Approaches Used to Estimate Interindividual Differences in Trainability and Classify Individual Responses to Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665044. [PMID: 34819869 PMCID: PMC8606564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many reports describe statistical approaches for estimating interindividual differences in trainability and classifying individuals as "responders" or "non-responders." The extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted these statistical approaches remains unclear. Objectives: This systematic review primarily sought to determine the extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted sound statistical approaches for examining individual responses to exercise training. We also (1) investigated the existence of interindividual differences in trainability, and (2) tested the hypothesis that less conservative thresholds inflate response rates compared with thresholds that consider error and a smallest worthwhile change (SWC)/minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Methods: We searched six databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and SportDiscus. Our search spanned the aerobic, resistance, and clinical or rehabilitation training literature. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, and either: (1) stated that their exercise training intervention resulted in heterogenous responses, (2) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability, and/or (3) classified individual responses. We calculated effect sizes (ESIR) to examine the presence of interindividual differences in trainability. We also compared response rates (n = 614) across classification approaches that considered neither, one of, or both errors and an SWC or MCID. We then sorted response rates from studies that also reported mean changes and response thresholds (n = 435 response rates) into four quartiles to confirm our ancillary hypothesis that larger mean changes produce larger response rates. Results: Our search revealed 3,404 studies, and 149 were included in our systematic review. Few studies (n = 9) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability. The results from these few studies present a mixture of evidence for the presence of interindividual differences in trainability because several ESIR values lay above, below, or crossed zero. Zero-based thresholds and larger mean changes significantly (both p < 0.01) inflated response rates. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence demonstrating why future studies should statistically estimate interindividual differences in trainability and consider error and an SWC or MCID when classifying individual responses to exercise training. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Mello MB, Righi NC, Schuch FB, Signori LU, da Silva AMV. Effect of high-intensity interval training protocols on VO 2max and HbA1c level in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 65:101586. [PMID: 34648979 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols according to different work intervals, session volumes and training periods has not been evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of HIIT and its different protocols compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and the control group on VO2max and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in patients with T2DM. METHODS The search strategy considered studies published up to September 2020 in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus. Two authors independently searched the selected databases for randomized clinical trials that compared HIIT to MICT or the control in adults with T2DM. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed and the data are presented as the mean difference (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) between HIIT, MICT and control groups. RESULTS A total of 20 studies (738 participants) were included. Overall, HIIT increased VO2max by 5.09 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.99; 7.19, I² = 80.89) versus the control and by 1.9 mL/kg/min (95% CI 0.81; 2.98, I² = 25.62) versus MICT. HIIT promoted a significant reduction in HbA1c level of -0.8% (95% CI -1.06; -0.49, I² = 77.31) versus the control but with no difference versus MICT. Moderate-interval, high-volume and long-term training promoted a greater increase in VO2max. A long interval and moderate volume and period conferred a greater increase in VO2max versus MICT. A short interval and moderate volume and period conferred a greater reduction in HbA1c level versus the control. No publication bias was detected, as evaluated by a funnel chart and Egger's test (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As compared with MICT, HIIT had better effect on VO2max and a similar effect on HbA1C level. Interval protocols, moderate to long training period and moderate to high volume may maximize the HIIT effect in patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brondani de Mello
- Postgraduate Program in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Natiele Camponogara Righi
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Programme in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulisses Signori
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Programme in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Antônio Marcos Vargas da Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Programme in Functional Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Picard M, Tauveron I, Magdasy S, Benichou T, Bagheri R, Ugbolue UC, Navel V, Dutheil F. Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251863. [PMID: 33999947 PMCID: PMC8128270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), that can be measured through heart rate variability (HRV)–known to be decreased in T2DM. Physical exercise can improve HRV in healthy population, however results are under debate in T2DM. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of physical exercise on HRV in T2DM patients. Method PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for all studies reporting HRV parameters in T2DM patients before and after exercise training, until September 20th 2020, without limitation to specific years. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis stratified by type of exercise for each of the HRV parameters: RR–intervals (or Normal to Normal intervals–NN), standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN), percentage of adjacent NN intervals varying by more than 50 milliseconds (pNN50), root mean square of successive RR-intervals differences (RMSSD), total power, Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio. Sensitivity analyses were computed on studies with the highest quality. Results We included 21 studies (9 were randomized) for a total of 523 T2DM patients: 472 had an exercise training and 151 were controls (no exercise). Intervention was endurance (14 studies), resistance (2 studies), endurance combined with resistance (4 studies), and high intensity interval training (HIIT) (4 studies). After exercise training, all HRV parameters improved i.e. an increase in SDNN (effect size = 0.59, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.93), RMSSD (0.62, 0.28 to 0.95), pNN50 (0.62, 0.23 to 1.00), HF (0.58, -0.16 to 0.99), and a decrease in LF (-0.37, -0.69 to -0.05) and LF/HF (-0.52, -0.79 to -0.24). There were no changes in controls. Stratification by type of exercise showed an improvement in most HRV parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF) after endurance training, whereas mostly LF/HF was improved after both resistance training and HIIT. Supervised training improved most HRV parameters. Duration and frequency of training did not influence the benefits on HRV. Conclusion Exercise training improved HRV parameters in T2DM patients which may reflect an improvement in the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The level of proof is the highest for endurance training. Supervised training seemed beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Picard
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Salwan Magdasy
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Benichou
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ukadike C. Ugbolue
- Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Valentin Navel
- Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont–Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dupuit M, Chavanelle V, Chassaing B, Perriere F, Etienne M, Plissonneau C, Boscaro A, Barnich N, Pialoux V, Maugard T, Le Joubioux F, Peltier S, Sirvent P, Otero YF, Boisseau N. The TOTUM-63 Supplement and High-Intensity Interval Training Combination Limits Weight Gain, Improves Glycemic Control, and Influences the Composition of Gut Mucosa-Associated Bacteria in Rats on a High Fat Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051569. [PMID: 34066988 PMCID: PMC8151333 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and prediabetes are the two strongest risk factors of type 2 diabetes. It has been reported that TOTUM-63, a polyphenol-rich plant extract, has beneficial effects on body weight (BW) and insulin resistance in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The study aim was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or TOTUM-63 supplementation improved body composition and glycemic control and gut microbiota composition in a Western diet-induced obesity rat model. Wistar rats received a standard diet (CTRL; control; n = 12) or HFD (HFD; n = 48) for 16 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided in four groups: HFD, HFD + TOTUM-63 (T63), HFD + HIIT (HIIT), and HFD + HIIT +T63 (HIIT + T63). Training was performed 4 days/week for 12 weeks. TOTUM-63 was included in diet composition (2%). The HIIT + T63 combination significantly limited BW gain, without any energy intake modulation, and improved glycemic control. BW variation was correlated with increased α-diversity of the colon mucosa microbiota in the HIIT + T63 group. Moreover, the relative abundance of Anaeroplasma, Christensenellaceae and Oscillospira was higher in the HIIT + T63 group. Altogether, these results suggest that the HIIT and TOTUM-63 combination could be proposed for the management of obesity and prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Dupuit
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Vivien Chavanelle
- Valbiotis R&D, Riom Center, 63200 Riom, France; (V.C.); (P.S.); (Y.F.O.)
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Inserm U1016, Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Fanny Perriere
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Monique Etienne
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Claire Plissonneau
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Audrey Boscaro
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAE 2018, Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de la Biologie et de la Motricité (LIBM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, 69266 Villeurbane, France;
| | - Thierry Maugard
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe BCBS, La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France;
| | - Florian Le Joubioux
- Valbiotis R&D, La Rochelle Center, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (F.L.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Sébastien Peltier
- Valbiotis R&D, La Rochelle Center, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (F.L.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Pascal Sirvent
- Valbiotis R&D, Riom Center, 63200 Riom, France; (V.C.); (P.S.); (Y.F.O.)
| | - Yolanda F. Otero
- Valbiotis R&D, Riom Center, 63200 Riom, France; (V.C.); (P.S.); (Y.F.O.)
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (M.E.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-73-40-55-19
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wiebe N, Ye F, Crumley ET, Bello A, Stenvinkel P, Tonelli M. Temporal Associations Among Body Mass Index, Fasting Insulin, and Systemic Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e211263. [PMID: 33710289 PMCID: PMC7955272 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Obesity is associated with a number of noncommunicable chronic diseases and is purported to cause premature death. OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence on the temporality of the association between higher body mass index (BMI) and 2 potential mediators: chronic inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (1946 to August 20, 2019) and Embase (from 1974 to August 19, 2019) were searched, although only studies published in 2018 were included because of a high volume of results. The data analysis was conducted between January 2020 and October 2020. STUDY SELECTION AND MEASURES Longitudinal studies and randomized clinical trials that measured fasting insulin level and/or an inflammation marker and BMI with at least 3 commensurate time points were selected. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Slopes of these markers were calculated between time points and standardized. Standardized slopes were meta-regressed in later periods (period 2) with standardized slopes in earlier periods (period 1). Evidence-based items potentially indicating risk of bias were assessed. RESULTS Of 1865 records, 60 eligible studies with 112 cohorts of 5603 participants were identified. Most standardized slopes were negative, meaning that participants in most studies experienced decreases in BMI, fasting insulin level, and C-reactive protein level. The association between period 1 fasting insulin level and period 2 BMI was positive and significant (β = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.38; I2 = 79%): for every unit of SD change in period 1 insulin level, there was an ensuing associated change in 0.26 units of SD in period 2 BMI. The association of period 1 fasting insulin level with period 2 BMI remained significant when period 1 C-reactive protein level was added to the model (β = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27-0.86). In this bivariable model, period 1 C-reactive protein level was not significantly associated with period 2 BMI (β = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.42 to 0.29; I2 = 81%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this meta-analysis, the finding of temporal sequencing (in which changes in fasting insulin level precede changes in weight) is not consistent with the assertion that obesity causes noncommunicable chronic diseases and premature death by increasing levels of fasting insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Wiebe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen T. Crumley
- Department of Health, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Aminu Bello
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine M99, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiménez-Maldonado A, García-Suárez PC, Rentería I, Moncada-Jiménez J, Plaisance EP. Impact of high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training on peripheral markers of glycemic control in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165820. [PMID: 32360396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycemic control is essential to reduce the risk of complications associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aerobic and resistance exercise performed alone or in combination improve glycemic control in both conditions. However, perceived lack of time and commitment are considered principal barriers to performing exercise regularly. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) can be performed in a fraction of the time required for continuous aerobic exercise. A substantial scientific evidence indicates that HIIT/SIT improve glycemic control to a similar or greater extent than aerobic exercise in populations without MetS or T2D. Likewise, growing evidence suggest that HIIT/SIT improve the glycemic control during MetS and T2D. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of interval training protocols on peripheral markers of glucose metabolism in patients with MetS and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eric P Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Frimpong E, Dafkin C, Donaldson J, Millen AME, Meiring RM. The effect of home-based low-volume, high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic health in women of normal body mass and those with overweight or obesity: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:39. [PMID: 31893126 PMCID: PMC6937640 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a high prevalence of women in South Africa with overweight and obesity which is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Perceived barriers such as lack of time and motivation reduce engagement in beneficial activity behaviours for health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient and effective way to improve cardiometabolic risk profile regardless of a loss in body mass or change in body composition. This randomized controlled trial aims to determine the effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic health and feasibility of a home-based 14-week HIIT program in women with overweight/obesity or normal body mass. Methods One hundred and twenty women (18–40 years old) with a body mass index between 20 and 35 kg/m2, will be stratified according to their BMI (normal, BMI 20–24.9 kg/m2; or high BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and randomized into a HIIT exercising group (HIIT) or a non-exercising control group (CON). HIIT participants will perform exercises for 11 min/session six times per week for a period of 14 weeks. The 2 × 4 HIIT protocol will require a work phase of own-body weight exercise lasting 2 minutes (85% VO2peak), repeated four times and separated by a one-minute active rest phase (65% VO2peak). CON participants will be asked to maintain their normal habitual lifestyle. Outcomes of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, echocardiography, central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health will be measured before and after the 14-week intervention. Every 4 weeks during the intervention, an objective estimation of compliance to the study protocol will be assessed by measuring participant physical activity over 7 days using an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer. Discussion Supervised laboratory-based HIIT interventions are effective in improving cardiometabolic health. More pragmatic exercise protocols may however show to be successful for mitigating barriers to the engagement in physical activity and exercise resulting in positive benefits to health. Investigation into home-based HIIT regimens are important in women, where globally the rising trend of overweight and obesity overshadows that of men. The results from this study may therefore inform future research on effective exercise prescription for women’s health. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org - id no: PACTR201806003434299), 6th June 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Frimpong
- 1Movement Physiology Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chloe Dafkin
- 1Movement Physiology Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Janine Donaldson
- 2Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aletta Maria Esterhuyse Millen
- 3Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Mary Meiring
- 1Movement Physiology Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,4Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Building 907-228, Suiter Street, Newmarket, Auckland, 1023 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Perspectives on Interval Exercise Interventions for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6030083. [PMID: 31374827 PMCID: PMC6789719 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Exercise therapy is the most effective treatment for patients with NAFLD. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is attracting attention as a time-efficient and an effective exercise modality for treating patients with NAFLD. Previous studies have shown that HIIT can reduce fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and intrahepatic lipid levels and improve hepatic stiffness. HIIT may be an optimal exercise therapy to improve NAFLD in patients with a lack of time.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wen D, Utesch T, Wu J, Robertson S, Liu J, Hu G, Chen H. Effects of different protocols of high intensity interval training for VO 2max improvements in adults: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:941-947. [PMID: 30733142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of different protocols of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on VO2max improvements in healthy, overweight/obese and athletic adults, based on the classifications of work intervals, session volumes and training periods. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 2018. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials; healthy, overweight/obese or athletic adults; examined pre- and post-training VO2max/peak; HIIT in comparison to control or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) groups. RESULTS Fifty-three studies met the eligibility criteria. Overall, the degree of change in VO2max induced by HIIT varied by populations (SMD=0.41-1.81, p<0.05). When compared to control groups, even short-intervals (≤30s), low-volume (≤5min) and short-term HIIT (≤4weeks) elicited clear beneficial effects (SMD=0.79-1.65, p<0.05) on VO2max/peak. However, long-interval (≥2min), high-volume (≥15min) and moderate to long-term (≥4-12weeks) HIIT displayed significantly larger effects on VO2max (SMD=0.50-2.48, p<0.05). When compared to MICT, only long-interval (≥2min), high-volume (≥15min) and moderate to long-term (≥4-12weeks) HIIT showed beneficial effects (SMD=0.65-1.07, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Short-intervals (≤30s), low-volume (≤5min) and short-term (≤4weeks) HIIT represent effective and time-efficient strategies for developing VO2max, especially for the general population. To maximize the training effects on VO2max, long-interval (≥2min), high-volume (≥15min) and moderate to long-term (≥4-12weeks) HIIT are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daizong Wen
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, China; Physical Education and Health Science Research Center, HuaQiao University, China
| | - Till Utesch
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Jun Wu
- Fujian Research Institute of Sports Science, China
| | - Samuel Robertson
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Australia
| | - John Liu
- Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, USA
| | - Guopeng Hu
- Physical Education and Health Science Research Center, HuaQiao University, China; Department of Physical Education, HuaQiao University, China
| | - Haichun Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, China.
| |
Collapse
|