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Li X, Min M, Duan F, Ruan X, Xu L. Biochemical, sex hormonal, and anthropometric predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Womens Health 2025; 25:118. [PMID: 40087649 PMCID: PMC11908060 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-025-03648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Biochemical, sex hormonal, and anthropometric indicators have been explored for screening NAFLD in PCOS patients. However, the accuracy of NAFLD screening using these indicators in PCOS patients remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify biochemical, sex hormonal, and anthropometric indicators associated with NAFLD in overweight and obese PCOS patients and assess the diagnostic efficacy of combined indicators. METHODS This cross-sectional study (Clinical trial number ChiCTR1900020986; Registration date January 24th, 2019) involved 87 overweight or obese women with PCOS (mean age 29 ± 4 years). Measurements included anthropometric indices, biochemistry, sex hormone levels, and liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Correlation analysis, intergroup comparisons, and logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors for NAFLD (PDFF > 5.1%). The receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were used to determine cut-off values and evaluate diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Liver PDFF was 7.69% (3.93%, 14.80%) in overweight and obese PCOS patients, with 67.8% diagnosed with NAFLD. NAFLD was associated with increased body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC), and triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), glucose, insulin, and free testosterone (FT) levels, and with decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels (P < 0.05). Risk factors for NAFLD in PCOS included BMI > 26.8 kg/m2, AC > 88.3 cm, triglyceride > 1.57 mmol/L, TC > 4.67 mmol/L, LDL-C > 3.31 mmol/L, glucose > 4.83 mmol/L, insulin > 111.35 pmol/L, FT > 7.6 pg/mL and SHBG < 25 nmol/L (β = 1.411-2.667, P < 0.005). A multi-indicator model including triglycerides, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, and SHBG showed higher diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.899, P < 0.001) for screening NAFLD in PCOS patients than single indicators (AUC = 0.667-0.761, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obese PCOS patients have higher incidences of liver PDFF and NAFLD. A multi-indicator model including triglycerides > 1.57 mmol/L, LDL-C > 3.31 mmol/L, glucose > 4.83 mmol/L, insulin > 111.35 pmol/L, and SHBG < 25 nmol/L is highly accurate for screening NAFLD in overweight and obese PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, PR China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, PR China
- Department of Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, PR China.
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, PR China.
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Kim SE, Kim S, Kim SH, Cho WK, Cho KS, Jung MH, Ahn MB. Causality between Sex Hormones and Bone Mineral Density in Childhood: Age- and Tanner-Stage-Matched Sex Hormone Level May Be an Early Indicator of Pediatric Bone Fragility. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1173. [PMID: 38927380 PMCID: PMC11200954 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of hypogonadism on bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents with chronic diseases to determine the relationship between sex hormones and BMD. This retrospective study included 672 children and adolescents with chronic diseases such as hemato-oncologic, rheumatoid, gastrointestinal, and endocrinologic diseases. The relationship between the sex- and Tanner-stage-matched Z-scores for sex hormones and the sex- and age-matched lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD) Z-scores was evaluated. Adjustments were made for confounders such as underlying diseases, age at diagnosis, and age- and sex-matched body mass index Z-scores. Patients had a mean LSBMD Z-score of -0.55 ± 1.31. In the multivariate regression analysis, male testosterone showed a positive association with the LSBMD Z-score (p < 0.001), whereas female estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and follicular-stimulating hormone showed no significant association with the LSBMD Z-scores. In the male group, the testosterone level was associated with LSBMD Z-scores > -1.0 (p < 0.001), > -2.0 (p < 0.001), and > -3.0 (p = 0.002), while the estradiol level was associated with LSBMD Z-scores > -2.0 (p = 0.001) and > -3.0 (p = 0.002) in the female group. In conclusion, sex hormones are associated with BMD in children and adolescents with chronic diseases. Therefore, various measures may be necessary to predict future skeletal problems and improve bone health in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.E.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shin-Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.E.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoung Soon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Moon Bae Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Zhou QA. Antiaging Strategies and Remedies: A Landscape of Research Progress and Promise. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:408-446. [PMID: 38214973 PMCID: PMC10853939 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is typified by a gradual loss of physiological fitness and accumulation of cellular damage, leading to deteriorated functions and enhanced vulnerability to diseases. Antiaging research has a long history throughout civilization, with many efforts put forth to understand and prevent the effects of aging. Multiple strategies aiming to promote healthy aging and extend the lifespan have been developed including lifestyle adjustments, medical treatments, and social programs. A multitude of antiaging medicines and remedies have also been explored. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection to analyze the publication landscape of recent research related to antiaging strategies and treatments. We review the recent advances and delineate trends in research headway of antiaging knowledge and practice across time, geography, and development pipelines. We further assess the state-of-the-art antiaging approaches and explore their correlations with age-related diseases. The landscape of antiaging drugs has been outlined and explored. Well-recognized and novel, currently evaluated antiaging agents have also been summarized. Finally, we review clinical applications of antiaging products with their development pipelines. The objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge on preventive strategies and treatment remedies in the field of aging, to outline challenges and evaluate growth opportunities, in order to further efforts to solve the problems that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Xinmei Wang
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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Chauhan R, Archibong AE, Ramesh A. Imprinting and Reproductive Health: A Toxicological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16559. [PMID: 38068882 PMCID: PMC10706004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview discusses the role of imprinting in the development of an organism, and how exposure to environmental chemicals during fetal development leads to the physiological and biochemical changes that can have adverse lifelong effects on the health of the offspring. There has been a recent upsurge in the use of chemical products in everyday life. These chemicals include industrial byproducts, pesticides, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical products. They mimic the natural estrogens and bind to estradiol receptors. Consequently, they reduce the number of receptors available for ligand binding. This leads to a faulty signaling in the neuroendocrine system during the critical developmental process of 'imprinting'. Imprinting causes structural and organizational differentiation in male and female reproductive organs, sexual behavior, bone mineral density, and the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous chemical substances. Several studies conducted on animal models and epidemiological studies provide profound evidence that altered imprinting causes various developmental and reproductive abnormalities and other diseases in humans. Altered metabolism can be measured by various endpoints such as the profile of cytochrome P-450 enzymes (CYP450's), xenobiotic metabolite levels, and DNA adducts. The importance of imprinting in the potentiation or attenuation of toxic chemicals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Anthony E. Archibong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
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Xu L, Min M, Li X, Blake GM, Zhao K, Ruan X, Cheng X. Marrow adipose tissue is increased in overweight and obese women with PCOS independently of hyperandrogenism related obesity and metabolic disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1168806. [PMID: 37361535 PMCID: PMC10290191 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1168806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the increase in bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its relationship with hyperandrogenism, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Methods The study included 87 overweight or obese women with PCOS (mean age 29 ± 4 years), as well as 87 age-matched controls recruited from a separate population study. All PCOS patients were measured for anthropometric features, abdominal adipose tissue areas, BMAT, biochemistry, and sex hormones. BMAT was compared between the PCOS patients and controls. In PCOS patients, subgroup comparisons of BMAT and its associations with body adiposity indices, biochemistry, and sex hormones were analyzed. The odds ratios (ORs) of elevated BMAT (defined as BMAT ≥ 38%) were calculated. Results On average BMAT was increased by 5.6% ( ± 11.3%) in PCOS patients compared to controls. BMAT were significantly higher in the upper tertiles of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). BMAT was not correlated with abdominal adiposity indices or biochemistry except for LDL-C (r = 0.253-0.263, p = 0.014-0.018). LDL-C was not significantly different between the normal and abnormal androgen PCOS subgroups (p = 0.10-0.887). LDL-C, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and total testosterone (TT) were risk factors for elevated BMAT, with ORs of 1.899 (p = 0.038-0.040), 1.369 (p = 0.030-0.042), and 1.002 (p = 0.040-0.044) for each unit increase, respectively. Conclusion BMAT was increased in overweight and obese PCOS patients, but the increase in BMAT was not associated with the hyperandrogenism related obesity or metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Glen M. Blake
- Biomedical Engineering Department, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaiping Zhao
- Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Association between testosterone levels and bone mineral density in females aged 40-60 years from NHANES 2011-2016. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16426. [PMID: 36180560 PMCID: PMC9525583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that testosterone is a conspicuous marker for assessing male bone mineral density (BMD). However, research regarding testosterone levels and BMD is sparse and controversial for females. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between testosterone levels and BMD among adult females aged 40–60 years in the United States. In this cross-sectional study, all participants were part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2016). A weighted general linear model was used to estimate the association between testosterone levels and lumbar BMD. Age, race, income level, education level, body mass index (BMI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, serum uric acid (UA) level, serum calcium (Ca) level, serum phosphorus (P) level, the use of oral contraceptive pills, the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), smoking status, drinking status, and the use of corticosteroids were adjusted using a weighted multiple regression model. Subgroup analyses were performed using the same regression model. We included 2198 female participants in the study, and testosterone levels were positively associated with lumbar BMD after adjusting for all the covariates (β = 1.12, 95% CI 0.31, 1.93). In subgroup analyses, the associations in the fourth quartile of testosterone levels were stronger for the participants aged 40–50 years old (quartile 4, β = 42.92, 95% CI 7.53, 78.30 vs. quartile 1) and 50 to 60-year-old (quartile 4, β = 32.41, 95% CI 0.14, 64.69 vs. quartile 1). Similar results were found in other subgroups, including subgroups for race (Non-Hispanic Black, Other), income level (income ≤ 1.3, income > 3.5), education level (college or higher), BMI > 25 kg/m2, BUN levels ≤ 20 mg/dL, UA levels ≤ 6 mg/dL, Ca levels ≤ 10.1 mg/dL, P levels ≤ 5 mg/dL, drinking status, never smoker, never taking birth control pills, and HRT user. There was no interaction among the covariates in the association between lumbar BMD and testosterone levels (P for interaction > 0.05). In US adult females aged 40–60 years, the testosterone level was a positive predictor of the lumbar BMD after adjusting for covariates.
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Wang H, Cheng J, Wei D, Wu H, Zhao J. Causal relationships between sex hormone traits, lifestyle factors, and osteoporosis in men: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271898. [PMID: 35925966 PMCID: PMC9351993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies have explored factors that may be associated with osteoporosis, it is not clear whether they are causal. Osteoporosis in men is often underestimated. This study aimed to identify the causal risk factors associated with bone mineral density(BMD) in men. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the exposures at the genome-wide significance (p < 5x10-8) level were obtained from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and were utilized as instrumental variables. Summary-level statistical data for BMD were obtained from two large-scale UK Biobank GWASs. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to identify causal risk factors for BMD. Regarding the BMD of the heel bone, the odds of BMD increased per 1-SD increase of free testosterone (FT) (OR = 1.13, P = 9.4 × 10-17), together with estradiol (E2) (OR = 2.51, P = 2.3 × 10-4). The odds of BMD also increased with the lowering of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (OR = 0.87, P = 7.4 × 10-8) and total testosterone (TT) (OR = 0.96, P = 3.2 × 10-2) levels. Regarding the BMD of the lumbar spine, the odds of BMD increased per 1-SD increase in FT (OR = 1.18, P = 4.0 × 10-3). Regarding the BMD of the forearm bone, the odds of BMD increased with lowering SHBG (OR = 0.75, P = 3.0 × 10-3) and TT (OR = 0.85, P = 3.0 × 10-3) levels. Our MR study corroborated certain causal relationships and provided genetic evidence among sex hormone traits, lifestyle factors and BMD. Furthermore, it is a novel insight that TT was defined as a disadvantage for osteoporosis in male European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianwen Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Donglei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
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