1
|
Luo C, Nakagawa M, Sumi Y, Matsushima Y, Uemura M, Honda Y, Matsumoto N. Detection of senescent cells in the mucosal healing process on type 2 diabetic rats after tooth extraction for biomaterial development. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:430-436. [PMID: 38644214 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The delayed mucosal healing of tooth extraction sockets in diabetes has few known effective treatment strategies, and its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Senescent cells may play a pivotal role in this delay, given the well-established association between diabetes, senescent cells, and wound healing. Here, we demonstrated an increase in p21- or p16-positive senescent cells in the epithelial and connective tissues of extraction sockets in type 2 diabetic rats compared to those in control rats. Between 7 and 14 days after tooth extraction, a decrease in senescent cells and improvement in re-epithelialization failure were observed in the epithelium, while an increase in senescent cells and persistence of inflammation were observed in the connective tissue. These results suggest that cellular senescence may have been induced by diabetes and contributed to delayed mucosal healing by suppressing re-epithelization and persistent inflammation. These findings provide new targets for treatment using biomaterials, cells, and drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Luo
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University
| | | | - Yoichi Sumi
- Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dignam P, Elshafey M, Jeganathan A, Foo M, Park JS, Ratnaweera M. Prevalence and Factors Influencing Post-Operative Complications following Tooth Extraction: A Narrative Review. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:7712829. [PMID: 38756385 PMCID: PMC11098612 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7712829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Complications from dental extractions may result in multiple post-operative visits and adversely affect the patient's life. Preventing complications may decrease post-operative morbidity for the individual as well as lower societal costs, such as lost time from work and healthcare costs. Objectives This narrative review aims to assess the prevalence and factors influencing post-operative complications following tooth extraction, helping clinicians minimise the risk. Data Sources. Cross-sectional studies. Study Eligibility and Participants. Patients undergoing dental extractions. Our exclusion criteria included in vitro studies, animal studies, terminally ill patients, and tooth loss not due to dental extraction. Literature was collected from "PubMed" and "Web of Science" through search criteria based on the "PICO" framework. Twenty articles were used to formulate a prevalence table, and 156 articles were included for the factors influencing complications. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods. This narrative review was reported using the SANRA (a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles) checklist. Due to the scope of our narrative review and its associated objectives, the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS) will be conducted from the studies outlining the prevalence. Results Alveolar osteitis appears to be the most prevalent post-operative complication following tooth extraction. Predisposing factors can be significant in their ability to alter the risk of postoperative complications, and clinicians should provide patient-centred care to mitigate this risk. Limitations. Due to the breadth of context, a systematic review was not feasible, as it may have introduced heterogeneity. Conclusion This narrative review has highlighted an array of factors which can influence the prevalence of post-operative complications. Future research would benefit from individually reporting post-operative complications, reducing the heterogeneity in definitions of the complications, and including greater detail on the predisposing factors studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dignam
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mariam Elshafey
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Aparna Jeganathan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Magdalen Foo
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Joon Soo Park
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- International Research Collaborative—Oral Health and Equity, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Victoria, Ballarat, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Z, Lin D, Lin D. The Mechanisms of Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Wound Healing and Regeneration. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-03871-z. [PMID: 38438760 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is a class of diseases influenced by multiple complex factors, causing severe psychological and physiological impact on patients. It is an intractable clinical challenge and its possible mechanisms are not yet clear. It has been proven that adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) can promote wound healing and inhibit scar formation by regulating inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, regulating matrix remodeling, which provides a new approach for wound healing through biological treatment. This review focuses on the mechanism, treatment, and administration methods of ADSC-Exos in wound healing, providing a comprehensive understanding the mechanisms of ADSC-Exos on wound healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Lin
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Danyi Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dane Lin
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al Shehhi YI, Elemam NM, Alsaegh MA. The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:250. [PMID: 38373910 PMCID: PMC10875873 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the levels of salivary proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients living with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those in healthy individuals three times: before tooth extraction and at 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. METHODS The study included 27 participants. Among them, 20 (n = 20; 74%) had type II DM, and seven (n = 7; 26%) were healthy control subjects. Saliva samples were collected at three time intervals: before tooth extraction and 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. The salivary biomarkers were investigated using a Luminex multiplex assay. These salivary biomarkers included tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). RESULTS At baseline, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β (P = 0.016). Moreover, 2 hours after extraction, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α than did healthy control subjects (P = 0.046 and P = 0.020, respectively). In addition, 2 days after tooth extraction, the DM group had significantly greater IL-6 levels (P = 0.010) than the control group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type II DM, salivary proinflammatory biomarker levels are generally comparable or lower than those in healthy control subjects. Proinflammatory cytokines manifest differently in patients with type II DM after tooth extraction than in normal healthy individuals. There is generally a delayed early response of salivary proinflammatory markers in patients living with type II DM who undergo tooth extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Ibrahim Al Shehhi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruggiero T, Carossa M, Camisassa D, Bezzi M, Rivetti G, Nobile V, Pol R. Hyaluronic Acid Treatment of Post-Extraction Tooth Socket Healing in Subjects with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Randomized Split-Mouth Controlled Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:452. [PMID: 38256586 PMCID: PMC10816872 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HA in improving post-extraction socket healing in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. DM patients requiring bilateral extraction of the homologous teeth were visited at the C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin. After the extractions, one site was randomly assigned to the test (T) group (postoperative application of HA), while the other site was assigned to the control group (C, no treatment). Patients were then followed after 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Primary outcomes were the healing index and socket closure. The Mann-Whitney test or the Student's t-test was used for nonparametric or parametric distributed variables. The chi-square test was used if the estimated data in any given cell were >5, otherwise the Fisher test was adopted. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In total, 36 patients (n = 36) were enrolled in this study for a total of 72 extractions (n = 72). Sockets treated with HA showed significantly (p < 0.05) better healing index values at day 7 (p = 0.01) and at day 14 (p = 0.02) and significantly (p < 0.05) better socket closure values at day 3 (p = 0.04), day 7 (p = 0.001) and day 14 (p = 0.001) compared to the C group. Based on the clinical results, HA seems to be promising in improving the timing and the quality of post-extractive wound healing in DM patients. Further clinical research, as well as histological investigations, are required to confirm the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ruggiero
- C.I.R. Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Carossa
- C.I.R. Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Camisassa
- C.I.R. Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Bezzi
- C.I.R. Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Rivetti
- C.I.R. Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nobile
- Complife Italia S.r.l., Via Mons. Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario, Italy
| | - Renato Pol
- C.I.R. Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Olanrewaju OA, Sheeba F, Kumar A, Ahmad S, Blank N, Kumari R, Kumari K, Salame T, Khalid A, Yousef N, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S, Mohamad T. Novel Therapies in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, SGLT2 Inhibitors, and Beyond. Cureus 2023; 15:e51151. [PMID: 38283440 PMCID: PMC10811430 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a widespread metabolic illness with increasing global occurrence, continues to have a significant impact on public health. Diabetes is a condition marked by long-term high blood sugar levels. It is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, which lead to problems with insulin production and insulin resistance. This dysfunctional state disturbs the delicate balance of glucose regulation, promoting the emergence of problems in both large and small blood vessels that have a substantial impact on illness and death rates. Traditional therapy methods have traditionally given more importance to managing blood sugar levels by using insulin sensitizers, secretagogues, and other medications that lower glucose levels. Advancements in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of diabetes have led to a significant change in approach, focusing on comprehensive therapies that target not only high blood sugar levels but also the accompanying dangers to the heart and kidneys. This study examines the evolving field of diabetes therapies, explicitly highlighting the significance of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors. These two types of drugs have become essential components in modern diabetes management. GLP-1 receptor agonists replicate the effects of natural glucagon-like peptide-1, leading to insulin production that is reliant on glucose levels, reducing the release of glucagon, and providing cardiovascular advantages that go beyond controlling blood sugar levels. SGLT2 inhibitors, however, act on the process of renal glucose reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of glucose in the urine and showing significant benefits for cardiovascular and renal protection. This extensive investigation seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on diabetes therapies by synthesizing existing research. This review aims to provide clinicians, researchers, and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of the disease background and the specific pharmacological details of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and other related treatments. The goal is to assist them in developing more effective and personalized strategies to tackle the complex challenges presented by diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun A Olanrewaju
- Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, NGA
- General Medicine, Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, RUS
| | - Fnu Sheeba
- Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Medicine, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saad Ahmad
- Medicine, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Narendar Blank
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, PAK
| | - Reema Kumari
- Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Komal Kumari
- Medicine, New Medical Centre Royal Family Medical Centre, Abu Dhabi, ARE
| | - Tamara Salame
- Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Ayesha Khalid
- Medicine, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Nazdar Yousef
- Medicine, University of Kalamoon, Deir Atiyah An-Nabek, SYR
| | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satish Kumar
- Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Tamam Mohamad
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ashraf FUN, Ghouri K, Someshwar F, Kumar S, Kumar N, Kumari K, Bano S, Ahmad S, Khawar MH, Ramchandani L, Salame T, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S, Mohamad T. Insulin Resistance and Coronary Artery Disease: Untangling the Web of Endocrine-Cardiac Connections. Cureus 2023; 15:e51066. [PMID: 38269234 PMCID: PMC10806385 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between insulin resistance and coronary artery disease (CAD) is a crucial study area in understanding the complex connection between metabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular morbidity. This scholarly investigation examines the intricate relationship between insulin resistance, a key characteristic of metabolic syndrome, and CAD development. The goal is to understand the detailed molecular and physiological connections that underlie the dangerous connection between the endocrine and cardiac systems. The recognition of insulin resistance as a key player in cardiovascular disease highlights the need to study the complex relationships between insulin signaling pathways and the development of atherosclerosis. This research analyzes the molecular processes by which insulin resistance leads to disruptions in lipid metabolism, inflammatory reactions, and malfunction of the blood vessel's inner lining. These processes create an environment that promotes the development and advancement of CAD. As we begin this scientific exploration, it becomes clear that insulin resistance acts as a metabolic indicator and a potent mediator of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. The complex interaction between insulin-sensitive tissues and the vascular endothelium plays a crucial role in defining the pathophysiological landscape of CAD. Furthermore, this discussion highlights the mutual interaction between the endocrine and cardiac systems, where CAD produced by myocardial ischemia worsens insulin resistance through complex molecular pathways. Discovering new therapeutic targets that disrupt the harmful cycle between insulin resistance and the development of CAD shows potential for creating specific therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk in people with insulin resistance. This study aims to clarify the complexities of the connection between the endocrine system and the heart, establishing the basis for a thorough comprehension of how insulin resistance contributes to the development and advancement of CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Un Nisa Ashraf
- Medicine, The Royal Wolverhampton National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Wolverhampton, GBR
| | | | - Fnu Someshwar
- Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Komal Kumari
- Medicine, New Medical Centre (NMC) Royal Family Medical Centre, Abu Dhabi, ARE
| | - Saira Bano
- Medicine, Faisalabad Medical College and University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Saad Ahmad
- Medicine, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Lata Ramchandani
- Medicine, People's University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah, PAK
| | | | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satish Kumar
- Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mardas N, Macbeth N, Donos N, Jung RE, Zuercher AN. Is alveolar ridge preservation an overtreatment? Periodontol 2000 2023; 93:289-308. [PMID: 37622682 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and dimensions of the postextraction alveolar ridge are important for the surgical and restorative phases of implant treatment. Adequate new bone formation and preservation of alveolar ridge dimensions following extraction will facilitate installation of the implant in a restorative position, while preservation of soft tissue contour and volume is essential for an aesthetic and implant-supported restoration with healthy peri-implant tissues. Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) refers to any procedure that aims to: (i) limit dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge after extraction facilitating implant placement without additional extensive bone and soft tissue augmentation procedures (ii) promote new bone formation in the healing alveolus, and (iii) promote soft tissue healing at the entrance of the alveolus and preserve the alveolar ridge contour. Although ARP is a clinically validated and safe approach, in certain clinical scenarios, the additional clinical benefit of ARP over unassisted socket healing has been debated and it appears that for some clinicians may represent an overtreatment. The aim of this critical review was to discuss the evidence pertaining to the four key objectives of ARP and to determine where ARP can lead to favorable outcomes when compared to unassisted socket healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Mardas
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Neil Macbeth
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
- Defence Centre for Rehabilitative Dentistry, Defence Primary Health Care (DPHC), Dental Centre Aldershot, Guildford, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Ronald Ernst Jung
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anina Nives Zuercher
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugandh F, Chandio M, Raveena F, Kumar L, Karishma F, Khuwaja S, Memon UA, Bai K, Kashif M, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S. Advances in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Focus on Personalized Medicine. Cureus 2023; 15:e43697. [PMID: 37724233 PMCID: PMC10505357 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus poses a substantial global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches to improve patient outcomes. Conventional one-size-fits-all treatment strategies have shown limitations in addressing the diverse nature of the disease. In recent years, personalized medicine has emerged as a transformative solution, tailoring treatment plans based on individual genetic makeup, lifestyle factors, and health characteristics. This review highlights the role of genetic screening in predicting diabetes susceptibility and response to treatment, as well as the potential of pharmacogenomics in optimizing medication choices. Moreover, it discusses the incorporation of lifestyle modifications and behavioral interventions to empower patients in their health journey. Telemedicine and remote patient monitoring are also examined for their role in enhancing accessibility and adherence. Ethical considerations and challenges in implementing personalized medicine are addressed. The review envisions a future where personalized medicine becomes a cornerstone in diabetes management, ensuring improved patient outcomes and fostering more effective and patient-centric care on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Sugandh
- Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, PAK
- Medicine, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maria Chandio
- Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Fnu Raveena
- Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, PAK
| | - Lakshya Kumar
- General Medicine, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Medical College, Rajkot, IND
| | - Fnu Karishma
- Medical School, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sundal Khuwaja
- Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Unaib Ahmed Memon
- Neurology, Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Karoona Bai
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maham Kashif
- Medicine, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, PAK
| | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jyotsna F, Ahmed A, Kumar K, Kaur P, Chaudhary MH, Kumar S, Khan E, Khanam B, Shah SU, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S, Kakadiya KA. Exploring the Complex Connection Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Analyzing Approaches to Mitigate Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetes. Cureus 2023; 15:e43882. [PMID: 37746454 PMCID: PMC10511351 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. This narrative review offers a comprehensive examination of the complex correlation between diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The objective of this review is to analyze the most recent evidence on preventive measures and treatment options for mitigating cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes, by synthesizing existing literature. Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in connecting diabetes and CVD, leading to the development of dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. As a result, the risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with diabetes is significantly elevated. Moreover, the presence of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation serves to intensify endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage, thereby exacerbating the risk of cardiovascular complications. The interaction between diabetes and CVD frequently speeds up the development of atherosclerotic plaque, making the plaque more prone to rupture. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. It is crucial to comprehend the intricate relationship between diabetes and CVD in order to formulate effective strategies aimed at enhancing patient outcomes and mitigating the burden associated with these interconnected chronic conditions. Healthcare practitioners can enhance the quality of life and reduce mortality rates associated with CVD in diabetic patients by thoroughly examining evidence-based preventive measures and treatment options. This approach allows them to make informed decisions when managing cardiovascular risk. In summary, this narrative review provides a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and researchers, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the complex relationship between diabetes and CVD. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the latest evidence and elucidating the underlying mechanisms, this review seeks to establish a foundation for the development of innovative strategies in diabetes management. These strategies have the potential to significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes and enhance overall patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Jyotsna
- Medicine, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Mohali, IND
| | - Areeba Ahmed
- Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Medicine, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, PAK
| | - Paramjeet Kaur
- Internal Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, IND
| | | | - Sagar Kumar
- Medicine, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, PAK
| | - Ejaz Khan
- Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Bushra Khanam
- Internal Medicine, National Tuberculosis Control Center, Kathmandu, NPL
| | | | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Végh D, Bencze B, Banyai D, Vegh A, Rózsa N, Nagy Dobó C, Biczo Z, Kammerhofer G, Ujpal M, Díaz Agurto L, Pedrinaci I, Peña Cardelles JF, Magrin GL, Padhye NM, Mente L, Payer M, Hermann P. Preoperative HbA1c and Blood Glucose Measurements in Diabetes Mellitus before Oral Surgery and Implantology Treatments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4745. [PMID: 36981651 PMCID: PMC10048655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide epidemic and is frequently accompanied by a number of complications proportional to the duration of hyperglycemia. The aim of this narrative review is to assess the most up-to-date guidelines on DM provided by both diabetes and dental associations. Furthermore, to gather evidence on the uni/bidirectional relationships of elevated HbA1c levels on dental surgery, implantology, bone augmentation, and periodontology and to demonstrate the importance of measuring HbA1c levels before invasive dental treatments. HbA1c and blood glucose measurements are a minimally invasive method for preventing complications in diabetes mellitus. The authors conducted a literature review to determine which oral conditions are affected by diabetes mellitus. MEDLINE served as a source with the use of a specific search key. Regarding oral complications of diabetes, prevention is the most vital factor. With this publication, we hope to assist physicians and dentists to make prompt diagnoses and to help in recognizing various oral manifestations of diabetes and follow the existing guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Végh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bulcsú Bencze
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Banyai
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Vegh
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Rózsa
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Nagy Dobó
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zita Biczo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Kammerhofer
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Ujpal
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Leonardo Díaz Agurto
- Faculty of Dentistry, Postgraduate School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7520355, Chile
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ignacio Pedrinaci
- Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan Francisco Peña Cardelles
- Science Committee for Antibiotic Research of Spanish Society of Implants (SEI—Sociedad Española de Implantes), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Gabriel Leonardo Magrin
- Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Education and Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Ninad Milind Padhye
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Queen Mary University and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Royal London Dental Hospital, London E1 1FR, UK
| | - Laura Mente
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Payer
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hermann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|