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Beaudreau N, Page TM, Drolet D, McKindsey CW, Howland KL, Calosi P. Using a metabolomics approach to investigate the sensitivity of a potential Arctic-invader and its Arctic sister-species to marine heatwaves and traditional harvesting disturbances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170167. [PMID: 38242480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Coastal species are threatened by fishing practices and changing environmental conditions, such as marine heatwaves (MHW). The mechanisms that confer tolerance to such stressors in marine invertebrates are poorly understood. However, differences in tolerance among different species may be attributed to their geographical distribution. To test the tolerance of species occupying different thermal ranges, we used two closely related bivalves the softshell clam Mya arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), a cold-temperate invader with demonstrated potential for establishment in the Arctic, and the blunt gaper Mya truncata (Linnaeus, 1758), a native polar species. Clams were subjected to a thermal stress, mimicking a MHW, and harvesting stress in a controlled environment. Seven acute temperature changes (2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, and 32 °C) were tested at two harvesting disturbance intensities (with, without). Survival was measured after 12 days and three tissues (gills, mantle, and posterior adductor muscle) collected from surviving individuals for targeted metabolomic profiling. MHW tolerance differed significantly between species: 26.9 °C for M. arenaria and 17.8 °C for M. truncata, with a negligeable effect of harvesting. At the upper thermal limit, M. arenaria displayed a more profound metabolomic remodelling when compared to M. truncata, and this varied greatly between tissue types. Network analysis revealed differences in pathway utilization at the upper MHW limit, with M. arenaria displaying a greater reliance on multiple DNA repair and expression and cell signalling pathways, while M. truncata was limited to fewer pathways. This suggests that M. truncata is ill equipped to cope with warming environments. MHW patterning in the Northwest Atlantic may be a strong predictor of population survival and future range shifts in these two clam species. As polar environments undergo faster rates of warming compared to the global average, M. truncata may be outcompeted by M. arenaria expanding into its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Beaudreau
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Tessa M Page
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - David Drolet
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Demersal and Benthic Science Branch, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher W McKindsey
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Demersal and Benthic Science Branch, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada
| | - Kimberly L Howland
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Arctic and Aquatic Research Division, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
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Kokotović I, Veseli M, Ložek F, Karačić Z, Rožman M, Previšić A. Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds modulate adverse effects of climate change on resource quality in freshwater food webs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168751. [PMID: 38008314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services are changing at an unprecedented rate due to the impacts of vast number of stressors overlapping in time and space. Our study aimed at characterizing individual and combined impacts of pollution with pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and increased water temperature (as a proxy for climate change) on primary producers and first level consumers in freshwaters. We conducted a microcosm experiment with a simplified freshwater food web containing moss (Bryophyta) and shredding caddisfly larvae of Micropterna nycterobia (Trichoptera). The experiment was conducted with four treatments; control (C), increased water temperature + 4 °C (T2), emerging contaminants' mix (EC = 15 PhACs & 5 EDCs), and multiple stressor treatment (MS = EC + T2). Moss exhibited an overall mild response to selected stressors and their combination. Higher water temperature negatively affected development of M. nycterobia through causing earlier emergence of adults and changes in their lipidome profiles. Pollution with PhACs and EDCs had higher impact on metabolism of all life stages of M. nycterobia than warming. Multiple stressor effect was recorded in M. nycterobia adults in metabolic response, lipidome profiles and as a decrease in total lipid content. Sex specific response to stressor effects was observed in adults, with impacts on metabolome generally more pronounced in females, and on lipidome in males. Thus, our study highlights the variability of both single and multiple stressor impacts on different traits, different life stages and sexes of a single insect species. Furthermore, our research suggests that the combined impacts of warming, linked to climate change, and contamination with PhACs and EDCs could have adverse consequences on the population dynamics of aquatic insects. Additionally, these findings point to a potential decrease in the quality of resources available for both aquatic and potentially terrestrial food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Kokotović
- Department of Biology, Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marina Veseli
- Department of Biology, Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Filip Ložek
- Department of Biology, Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Bonacina L, Fasano F, Mezzanotte V, Fornaroli R. Effects of water temperature on freshwater macroinvertebrates: a systematic review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:191-221. [PMID: 36173002 PMCID: PMC10088029 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Water temperature is one of the main abiotic factors affecting the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems and its alteration can have important effects on biological communities. Macroinvertebrates are excellent bio-indicators and have been used for decades to assess the status of aquatic ecosystems as a result of environmental stresses; however, their responses to temperature are poorly documented and have not been systematically evaluated. The aims of this review are: (i) to collate and summarize responses of freshwater macroinvertebrates to different temperature conditions, comparing the results of experimental and theoretical studies; (ii) to understand how the focus of research on the effects of temperature on macroinvertebrates has changed during the last 51 years; and (iii) to identify research gaps regarding temperature responses, ecosystem types, organism groups, spatiotemporal scales, and geographical regions to suggest possible research directions. We performed a comparative assessment of 223 publications that specifically consider freshwater macroinvertebrates and address the effects of temperature. Short-term studies performed in the laboratory and focusing on insects exposed to a range of temperatures dominated. Field studies were carried out mainly in Europe, at catchment scale and almost exclusively in rivers; they mainly investigated responses to water thermal regime at the community scale. The most frequent biological responses tested were growth rate, fecundity and the time and length of emergence, whereas ecological responses mainly involved composition, richness, and distribution. Thermal research on freshwater macroinvertebrates has undergone a shift since the 2000s when studies involving extended spatiotemporal scales and investigating the effects of global warming first appeared. In addition, recent studies have considered the effects of temperature at genetic and evolutionary scales. Our review revealed that the effects of temperature on macroinvertebrates are manifold with implications at different levels, from genes to communities. However, community-level physiological, phenological and fitness responses tested on individuals or populations should be studied in more detail given their macroecological effects are likely to be enhanced by climate warming. In addition, most field studies at regional scales have used air temperature as a proxy for water temperature; obtaining accurate water temperature data in future studies will be important to allow proper consideration of the spatial thermal heterogeneity of water bodies and any effects on macroinvertebrate distribution patterns. Finally, we found an uneven number of studies across different ecosystems and geographic areas, with lentic bodies and regions outside the West underrepresented. It will also be crucial to include macroinvertebrates of high-altitude and tropical areas in future work because these groups are most vulnerable to climate warming for multiple reasons. Further studies on temperature-macroinvertebrate relationships are needed to fill the current gaps and facilitate appropriate conservation strategies for freshwater ecosystems in an anthropogenic-driven era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bonacina
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Fasano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Mezzanotte
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fornaroli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Orr SE, Collins LB, Jima DD, Buchwalter DB. Salinity-induced ionoregulatory changes in the gill proteome of the mayfly, Neocloeon triangulifer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120609. [PMID: 36368556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists have observed declines in the biodiversity of sensitive freshwater organisms in response to increasing concentrations of major ions (salinization). Yet, how changing salinities physiologically challenge aquatic organisms, such as mayflies, remains remarkably understudied. Moreover, it is not well understood the degree to which species respond and acclimate to salinity changes. Our lab is developing the Baetid mayfly, N. triangulifer, as a model organism for physiological research. We have previously described acclimatory changes in both ion flux rates and altered mRNA transcript levels in response to chronic exposures to elevated major ion concentrations at the whole animal level. In the present study, we use shotgun proteomics to identify the specific proteins associated with apical ion transport and how their abundance changes in response to chronic salinity exposures in gills. Gills were isolated from the penultimate nymphal stage of N. triangulifer reared under control culture conditions, elevated NaCl (157 mg L-1 Na), elevated CaCl2 (121 mg L-1 Ca), elevated Ca/MgSO4 (735 mg L-1 SO4). These conditions mirrored those from previously published physiological work. We also acutely exposed nymphs to dilute (50% dilution of culture water with deionized water) to explore proteomic changes in the gills in response to dilute conditions. We report 710 unique peptide sequences among treatment groups, including important apical ion transporters such as Ca-ATPase, Na/K ATPase, and V-ATPase. Treatment with elevated NaCl and Ca/MgSO4 appeared to cause more significant differential protein expression (452 and 345, respectively) compared to CaCl2 and dilute groups (134 and 17, respectively). Finally, we demonstrated the breadth of physiological functions in gills by exploring non-transport related pathways found in our dataset, including ATP synthesis, calcium signaling, and oxidative stress response. We discuss our results in the context of freshwater salinization and the challenges of working with non-model species without fully sequenced and annotated genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Leonard B Collins
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dereje D Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David B Buchwalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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5
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Soucek DJ, Dickinson A, Norberg-King TJ. Influence of Test Method Variables on Sensitivity of Neocloeon Triangulifer to a Reference Toxicant in Short-Term, Effluent Style Evaluations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2758-2768. [PMID: 35959890 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature has demonstrated the sensitivity of mayflies to environmental contaminants. However, to date, there are no methods approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency for using sensitive insects like mayflies in whole-effluent toxicity or receiving water toxicity tests. The parthenogenetic mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer has been shown to be amenable to continuous culture in the laboratory, and methods have been described for its use in both acute and chronic toxicity studies. The goal of the present study was to investigate aspects of N. triangulifer testing and culturing methods that might require adjustment so that they are applicable for testing effluents and receiving waters in a short-term exposure. To this end, the influence of organism age, test duration, and test temperature on sensitivity to NaCl as a reference toxicant were tested (concentrations ranging from 182 to 2489 mg/L). Further studies were conducted to assess the utility of commercially available diets and the influence of nutrient amendment of water on organism growth and sensitivity. Seven-day NaCl tests started with less than 24-h-old larvae were similar in sensitivity to 14-day and full life chronic tests, and were much more sensitive than those started with 7-day-old organisms. Reducing test temperature from 25 °C to 22 °C had a minor influence on culture timing, and little impact on sensitivity to NaCl. In other experiments, reconstituted test water supplemented with nutrients to potentially improve in-test food quality had minimal effect on growth at 7 days and did not significantly alter acute sensitivity to NaCl relative to unamended reconstituted water. A suitable commercially available, ready-to-feed diet substitute for cultured diatoms was not found. Testing N. triangulifer in effluents or receiving waters with the methods recommended will complement similar methods for Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2758-2768. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Soucek
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy Dickinson
- Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Teresa J Norberg-King
- Retired, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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6
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Finn DS, Johnson SL, Gerth WJ, Arismendi I, Li JL. Spatiotemporal patterns of emergence phenology reveal complex species‐specific responses to temperature in aquatic insects. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debra S. Finn
- Department of Biology Missouri State University Springfield Missouri USA
| | - Sherri L. Johnson
- U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - William J. Gerth
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Judith L. Li
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
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7
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Orr SE, Negrão Watanabe TT, Buchwalter DB. Physiological plasticity and acclimatory responses to salinity stress are ion-specific in the mayfly, Neocloeon triangulifer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117221. [PMID: 33975217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater salinization is a rapidly emerging ecological issue and is correlated with significant declines in aquatic biodiversity. It remains unclear how changing salinity regimes affect the physiology of sensitive aquatic insects. We used the parthenogenetic mayfly, Neocloeon triangulifer, to ask how ionic exposure history alters physiological processes and responses to subsequent major ion exposures. Using radiotracers (22Na, 35SO4, and 45Ca), we observed that mayflies chronically reared in elevated sodium or sulfate (157 mg L-1 Na or 667 mg L-1 SO4) had 2-fold (p < 0.0001) and 8-fold (p < 0.0001) lower ion uptake rates than mayflies reared in dilute control water (16 mg L-1 Na and 23 mg L-1 SO4) and subsequently transferred to elevated salinities, respectively. These acclimatory ion transport changes provided protection in 96-h toxicity bioassays for sodium, but not sulfate. Interestingly, calcium uptake was uniformly much lower and minimally influenced by exposure history, but was poorly tolerated in the toxicity bioassays. With qRT-PCR, we observed that the expression of many ion transporter genes in mayflies was influenced by elevated salinity in an ion-specific manner (general upregulation in response to sulfate, downregulation in response to calcium). Elevated sodium exposure had minimal influence on the same genes. Finally, we provide novel light microscopic evidence of histomorphological changes within the epithelium of the Malpighian tubules (insect primary excretory system) that undergoes cellular degeneration and necrosis secondary to calcium toxicity. We conclude that physiological plasticity to salinity stress is ion-specific and provide evidence for ion-specific toxicity mechanisms in N. triangulifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - David B Buchwalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Funk DH, Sweeney BW, Jackson JK. Oxygen limitation fails to explain upper chronic thermal limits and the temperature size rule in mayflies. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb233338. [PMID: 33288530 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An inability to adequately meet tissue oxygen demands has been proposed as an important factor setting upper thermal limits in ectothermic invertebrates (especially aquatic species) as well as explaining the observed decline in adult size with increased rearing temperature during the immature stages (a phenomenon known as the temperature size rule, or TSR). We tested this by rearing three aquatic insects (the mayflies Neocloeon triangulifer and two species of the Cloeon dipterum complex) through their entire larval life under a range of temperature and oxygen concentrations. Hyperoxia did not extend upper thermal limits, nor did it prevent the loss of size or fertility experienced near upper chronic thermal limits. At moderate temperatures, the TSR pattern was observed under conditions of hyperoxia, normoxia and hypoxia, suggesting little or no influence of oxygen on this trend. However, for a given rearing temperature, adults were smaller and less fecund under hypoxia as a result of a lowering of growth rates. These mayflies greatly increased the size of their gills in response to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations but not under oxygen-saturated conditions over a temperature range yielding the classic TSR response. Using ommatidium diameter as a proxy for cell size, we found the classic TSR pattern observed under moderate temperature conditions was due primarily to a change in the number of cells rather than cell size. We conclude overall that a failure to meet tissue oxygen demands is not a viable hypothesis for explaining either the chronic thermal limit or TSR pattern in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Funk
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA 19311, USA
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9
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Insects' potential: Understanding the functional role of their gut microbiome. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113787. [PMID: 33272789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of insect-associated microbial communities is a field of great importance in agriculture, principally because of the role insects play as pests. In addition, there is a recent focus on the potential of the insect gut microbiome in areas such as biotechnology, given some microorganisms produce molecules with biotechnological and industrial applications, and also in biomedicine, since some bacteria and fungi are a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To date, most studies aiming to characterize the role of the gut microbiome of insects have been based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and/or metagenomics. However, recently functional approaches such as metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics have also been employed. Besides providing knowledge about the taxonomic distribution of microbial populations, these techniques also reveal their functional and metabolic capabilities. This information is essential to gain a better understanding of the role played by microbes comprising the microbial communities in their hosts, as well as to indicate their possible exploitation. This review provides an overview of how far we have come in characterizing insect gut functionality through omics, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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Verberk WC, Buchwalter DB, Kefford BJ. Energetics as a lens to understanding aquatic insect's responses to changing temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity regimes. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 41:46-53. [PMID: 32682316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Assemblages of aquatic insects are structured by multiple biotic and abiotic conditions, including temperature, salinity and oxygen. Here we highlight recent developments in our understanding of how high temperatures, elevated salinities and low oxygen levels affect physiological processes, responses at the organismal level, and impacts on species interaction and community assembly. As aquatic insects may be exposed to multiple stressors, we review their sensitivity to interactive effects of multiple stressors. While each of these stressors may operate via different physiological mechanisms, they all influence the overall energy budget as well as the allocation of energy to competing functions such as homeostatic maintenance, growth, development and reproduction. As such, there is potential for interaction whereby one stressor may exacerbate the effect of another stressor. Integrating research on these stressors can provide a powerful approach for delineating the sensitivity of aquatic insects to multiple stressors and developing sound management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilco Cep Verberk
- Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - David B Buchwalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University. Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ben J Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Soucek DJ, Dickinson A, Schlekat C, Van Genderen E, Hammer EJ. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nickel and Zinc to a Laboratory Cultured Mayfly (Neocloeon triangulifer) in Aqueous but Fed Exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1196-1206. [PMID: 32043286 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects are poorly represented in water quality criteria, and previous studies have suggested a lack of sensitivity in acute toxicity tests despite observational studies demonstrating the contrary. Our objectives were to determine the toxicity of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) to the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer in fed acute (96-h) and chronic exposures to estimate aqueous effect concentrations while acknowledging the importance of dietary exposure for these insects. For the chronic tests, we conducted preliminary full-life cycle (~25-30 d) and subchronic (14 d) exposures to compare the relative sensitivity of the 2 test durations under similar conditions (i.e., feeding rates). Observing similar sensitivity, we settled on 14 d as the definitive test duration. Furthermore, we conducted experiments to determine how much food could be added to a given volume of water while minimally impacting dissolved metal recovery; a ratio of food dry mass to water volume (<0.005) achieved this. In the 14-d tests, we obtained a median lethal concentration and most sensitive chronic endpoint of 147 and 23 µg/L dissolved Ni (acute to chronic ratio [ACR] = 6.4), respectively, and 81 (mean value) and 10 µg/L dissolved Zn (ACR = 8.1), respectively. The acute values are orders of magnitude lower than previously published values for mayflies, probably most importantly due to the presence of dietary exposure but also potentially with some influence of organism age and test temperature. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1196-1206. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Soucek
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy Dickinson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Edward J Hammer
- Wetlands and Watersheds Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Orr SE, Buchwalter DB. It's all about the fluxes: Temperature influences ion transport and toxicity in aquatic insects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105405. [PMID: 32014642 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many freshwater ecosystems are becoming saltier and/or warmer, but our understanding of how these factors interact and affect the physiology and life history outcomes of most aquatic species remain unknown. We hypothesize that temperature modulates ion transport rates. Since ion transport is energetically expensive, increases in salinity and/or temperature may influence ion flux rates and ultimately, organismal performance. Radiotracer (22Na+, 35SO4-2, and 45Ca2+) experiments with lab-reared mayflies (N. triangulifer) and other field-collected insects showed that increasing temperature generally increased ion transport rates. For example, increasing temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C, increased 22Na+ uptake rates by two-fold (p < 0.0001) and 35SO4-2 uptake rates by four-fold (p < 0.0001) in the caddisfly, Hydropsyche sparna. Smaller changes in 22Na+ and 35SO4-2 uptake rates were observed in the mayflies, Isonychia sayi and Maccaffertium sp., suggesting species-specific differences in the thermal sensitivity of ion transport. Finally, we demonstrated that the toxicity of SO4 was influenced by temperature profoundly in a 96-h bioassay. Under the saltiest conditions (1500 mg L-1 SO4), mayfly survival was 78 % at 15 °C, but only 44 % at 25 °C (p < 0.0036). Conceivably, the energetic cost of osmoregulation in warmer, saltier environments may cause significant major ion toxicity in certain freshwater insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Orr
- North Carolina State University, United States
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13
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Waldvogel AM, Feldmeyer B, Rolshausen G, Exposito-Alonso M, Rellstab C, Kofler R, Mock T, Schmid K, Schmitt I, Bataillon T, Savolainen O, Bergland A, Flatt T, Guillaume F, Pfenninger M. Evolutionary genomics can improve prediction of species' responses to climate change. Evol Lett 2020; 4:4-18. [PMID: 32055407 PMCID: PMC7006467 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change (GCC) increasingly threatens biodiversity through the loss of species, and the transformation of entire ecosystems. Many species are challenged by the pace of GCC because they might not be able to respond fast enough to changing biotic and abiotic conditions. Species can respond either by shifting their range, or by persisting in their local habitat. If populations persist, they can tolerate climatic changes through phenotypic plasticity, or genetically adapt to changing conditions depending on their genetic variability and census population size to allow for de novo mutations. Otherwise, populations will experience demographic collapses and species may go extinct. Current approaches to predicting species responses to GCC begin to combine ecological and evolutionary information for species distribution modelling. Including an evolutionary dimension will substantially improve species distribution projections which have not accounted for key processes such as dispersal, adaptive genetic change, demography, or species interactions. However, eco‐evolutionary models require new data and methods for the estimation of a species' adaptive potential, which have so far only been available for a small number of model species. To represent global biodiversity, we need to devise large‐scale data collection strategies to define the ecology and evolutionary potential of a broad range of species, especially of keystone species of ecosystems. We also need standardized and replicable modelling approaches that integrate these new data to account for eco‐evolutionary processes when predicting the impact of GCC on species' survival. Here, we discuss different genomic approaches that can be used to investigate and predict species responses to GCC. This can serve as guidance for researchers looking for the appropriate experimental setup for their particular system. We furthermore highlight future directions for moving forward in the field and allocating available resources more effectively, to implement mitigation measures before species go extinct and ecosystems lose important functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Waldvogel
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gregor Rolshausen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | | | - Robert Kofler
- Institute of Population Genetics Vetmeduni Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Karl Schmid
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - Imke Schmitt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | - Outi Savolainen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Finland
| | - Alan Bergland
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Frederic Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG) Frankfurt am Main Germany.,Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
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