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Chiacchio M, Rödder D, Henle K, Grimm‐Seyfarth A. Influences of ski-runs, meadow management and climate on the occupancy of reptiles and amphibians in a high-altitude environment of Italy. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11378. [PMID: 38774137 PMCID: PMC11106224 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpine ecosystems harbour a rich and highly specialised biodiversity, which is particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat loss and fragmentation as well as to climate change. Combined with other forms of land-use conversion, construction and maintenance of ski resorts can have severe consequences on alpine biodiversity. In this study, we show how one amphibian and two reptile species, namely Rana temporaria, Zootoca vivipara and Vipera berus, respond to such impacts by means of a multi-season occupancy analysis. We found all three species both in and outside ski-runs, showing that these habitats do not necessarily preclude their occurrence. Contrarily, this is influenced more by microhabitat availability, such as ground vegetation, humid areas and rock cover, rather than by macro-characteristics like elevation or habitat type. Moreover, we found a climatic influence on the year-to-year occupancy change of the species, with activity-month conditions being more relevant than overwintering ones. Our results demonstrate how, in the specific case of reptiles and amphibians, ski resorts do not necessarily limit species' occurrence and that a mild series of management actions might secure the species' persistence in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Chiacchio
- Department of Conservation Biology & Social‐Ecological SystemsUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
- Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)BonnGermany
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB)BonnGermany
| | - Klaus Henle
- Department of Conservation Biology & Social‐Ecological SystemsUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
| | - Annegret Grimm‐Seyfarth
- Department of Conservation Biology & Social‐Ecological SystemsUFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchLeipzigGermany
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Albecker MA, Strobel SM, Womack MC. Developmental Plasticity in Anurans: Meta-analysis Reveals Effects of Larval Environments on Size at Metamorphosis And Timing of Metamorphosis. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:714-729. [PMID: 37279893 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many anuran amphibians (frogs and toads) rely on aquatic habitats during their larval stage. The quality of this environment can significantly impact lifetime fitness and population dynamics. Over 450 studies have been published on environmental impacts on anuran developmental plasticity, yet we lack a synthesis of these effects across different environments. We conducted a meta-analysis and used a comparative approach to understand whether developmental plasticity in response to different larval environments produces predictable changes in metamorphic phenotypes. We analyzed data from 124 studies spanning 80 anuran species and six larval environments and showed that intraspecific variation in mass at metamorphosis and the duration of the larval period is partly explained by the type of environment experienced during the larval period. Changes in larval environments tended to reduce mass at metamorphosis relative to control conditions, with the degree of change depending on the identity and severity of environmental change. Higher temperatures and lower water levels shortened the duration of the larval period, whereas less food and higher densities increased the duration of the larval period. Phylogenetic relationships among species were not associated with interspecific variation in mass at metamorphosis plasticity or duration of the larval period plasticity. Our results provide a foundation for future studies on developmental plasticity, especially in response to global changes. This study provides motivation for additional work that links developmental plasticity with fitness consequences within and across life stages, as well as how the outcomes described here are altered in compounding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Albecker
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd, Houston Texas, 77004, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan Utah, 84322, USA
| | | | - Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan Utah, 84322, USA
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3
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Kirk MA, Reider KE, Lackey ACR, Thomas SA, Whiteman HH. The role of environmental variation in mediating fitness trade-offs for an amphibian polyphenism. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:1815-1827. [PMID: 37353993 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Fitness trade-offs are a foundation of ecological and evolutionary theory because trade-offs can explain life history variation, phenotypic plasticity, and the existence of polyphenisms. Using a 32-year mark-recapture dataset on lifetime fitness for 1093 adult Arizona tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium nebulosum) from a high elevation, polyphenic population, we evaluated the extent to which two life history morphs (aquatic paedomorphs vs. terrestrial metamorphs) exhibited fitness trade-offs in breeding and body condition with respect to environmental variation (e.g. climate) and internal state-based variables (e.g. age). Both morphs displayed a similar response to higher probabilities of breeding during years of high spring precipitation (i.e. not indicative of a morph-specific fitness trade-off). There were likely no climate-induced fitness trade-offs on breeding state for the two life history morphs because precipitation and water availability are vital to amphibian reproduction. Body condition displayed a contrasting response for the two morphs that was indicative of a climate-induced fitness trade-off. While metamorphs exhibited a positive relationship with summer snowpack conditions, paedomorphs were unaffected. Fitness trade-offs from summer snowpack are likely due to extended hydroperiods in temporary ponds, where metamorphs gain a fitness advantage during the summer growing season by exploiting resources that are unavailable to paeodomorphs. However, paedomorphs appear to have the overwintering fitness advantage because they consistently had higher body condition than metamorphs at the start of the summer growing season. Our results reveal that climate and habitat type (metamorphs as predominately terrestrial, paedomorphs as fully aquatic) interact to confer different advantages for each morph. These results advance our current understanding of fitness trade-offs in this well-studied polyphenic amphibian by integrating climate-based mechanisms. Our conclusions prompt future studies to explore how climatic variation can maintain polyphenisms and promote life history diversity, as well as the implications of climate change for polyphenisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Kirk
- Watershed Studies Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Environmental Science and Sustainability Department, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelsey E Reider
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Alycia C R Lackey
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Scott A Thomas
- Watershed Studies Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Howard H Whiteman
- Watershed Studies Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado, USA
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Le Sage EH, Unkefer MK, Duncan SI, Cundiff JA, Rissler L, Crespi EJ. Neuroendocrine correlates of juvenile amphibian behaviors across a latitudinal cline. Horm Behav 2022; 146:105263. [PMID: 36155911 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the macrogeographic and neuroendocrine correlates of behavioral variation exhibited by juveniles, an important life stage for dispersal, across the expansive range of the wood frog. By rearing animals from eggs in a common garden then using a novel environment test, we uniquely demonstrated differential expression of juvenile behaviors among 16 populations spanning 8° latitude. On the individual level, cluster analysis indicated three major behavior profiles and principal component analysis resolved four unique axes of behavior, including escape, foraging, food intake, feeding efficiency. We found that increased escape behavior was associated with lower adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced circulating corticosterone (CORT) levels, however, foraging and food intake behaviors were not associated with either resting or ACTH-induced CORT. At the population level, the expression of foraging behaviors increased with latitude while food intake behaviors declined with latitude, which raised several hypotheses of eco-evolutionary processes likely driving this variation. Given that these behaviors covary along the same ecological gradient as locally adapted developmental traits, genomic studies in this species could provide deep insights into how HPA/I activity is associated with the eco-evolutionary processes that structure intraspecific variation in morphology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Le Sage
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Margaret K Unkefer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Sarah I Duncan
- Department of Biology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer A Cundiff
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Leslie Rissler
- Division of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman WA, USA
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5
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Does Exposure to Predator Cues Influence Movement Behavior of Postmetamorphic Juvenile Rana aurora? J HERPETOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1670/21-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cheron M, Costantini D, Brischoux F. Nicosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide, alters embryonic development and oxidative status of hatchlings at environmental concentrations in an amphibian species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113277. [PMID: 35123186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of agrochemicals for controlling pests and diseases of crops is recognized as a main threat to biodiversity. Sulfonylurea herbicides are being increasingly used and display low levels of degradation in water which suggest that they might affect non-target organisms. In a common garden experiment, eggs of a widespread amphibian (Bufo spinosus) were exposed to sublethal environmentally relevant concentrations of a widely used sulfonylurea herbicide, nicosulfuron, during the whole embryonic development. We assessed development-related traits (i.e., development duration, hatching success, hatchling size and occurrence of malformation) as well as antioxidant markers in response to contamination (i.e., SOD, GPx, catalase, thiols and relevant ratios thereof). We found that sublethal concentrations of nicosulfuron increased embryonic development duration, increased hatchling size and tended to increase malformations. Embryos exposed to nicosulfuron displayed decreased thiols and increased catalase activity suggesting alteration of oxidative status. We did not find any effect of nicosulfuron on SOD and GPx levels. Interestingly, higher catalase activity was linked to higher proportion of malformed individuals, suggesting that exposure to nicosulfuron induced teratogenic effects. Our results suggest that alteration of antioxidant levels might be one physiological mechanism through which nicosulfuron might cause detrimental effects on amphibian embryos. Sublethal effects of pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations have been overlooked and require further investigations, especially in non-target taxa occurring in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 Rue Cuvier, Paris, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
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Peters H, Laberge F, Heyland A. Latent effect of larval rearing environment on post-metamorphic brain growth in an anuran amphibian. ZOOLOGY 2022; 152:126011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2022.126011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gosselin JL, Buhle ER, Van Holmes C, Beer WN, Iltis S, Anderson JJ. Role of carryover effects in conservation of wild Pacific salmon migrating regulated rivers. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Gosselin
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| | - Eric R. Buhle
- Biomark Applied Biological Services Boise Idaho 83702 USA
| | - Christopher Van Holmes
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| | - W. Nicholas Beer
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| | - Susannah Iltis
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| | - James J. Anderson
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington 1122 NE Boat Street Seattle Washington 98105 USA
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Sweeney MR, Thompson CM, Popescu VD. Sublethal, Behavioral, and Developmental Effects of the Neonicotinoid Pesticide Imidacloprid on Larval Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1840-1849. [PMID: 33760293 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide, is used to prevent the spread of the hemlock woolly adelgid, currently affecting Eastern Hemlock trees across North America. When the pesticide is sprayed directly onto soil around infested trees (soil drenching), it can run off into aquatic systems, with potential negative effects on biota. Simultaneously, climate change may lead to faster pool drying, which acts as an additional stressor for sensitive species such as amphibians. We evaluated the sublethal effects of imidacloprid (10 ppb), and interaction with shorter hydroperiods on the larval behavior, growth, and survival of a model organism, the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). We performed 3 behavioral experiments evaluating swimming speed, time spent swimming, and distance the larvae swam. We found that larvae raised in 10 ppb imidacloprid or shorter hydroperiod did not differ in their swimming time, distance, and speed from nonexposed larvae. Naïve larvae exposed for 20 min to 10- to 500-ppb concentrations also showed similar performance to nonexposed larvae. However, when we applied a stimulus halfway through each experiment, we found that larvae exposed to 10 ppb imidacloprid (short and long term) swam shorter distances and spent less time swimming, suggesting that imidacloprid exposure may slow reaction time, potentially increasing the risk of predation. To minimize impacts on pool-breeding amphibians, imidacloprid application to combat the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid should use trunk injection and avoid soil drenching. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1840-1849. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Sweeney
- Department of Biological Sciences and Sustainability Studies Theme, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Cassandra M Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Sustainability Studies Theme, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Viorel D Popescu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Sustainability Studies Theme, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental Research, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Reproductive characteristics of American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) in their invasive range of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16271. [PMID: 33004879 PMCID: PMC7529884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species pose a major threat to global biodiversity. The effects of invasive species can be strongly influenced and potentially mediated by their reproductive characteristics, such as fecundity, egg production, and duration and number of reproductive events. Selection for smaller body size at first reproduction can also play a role in their establishment, facilitating colonization and spread. The American bullfrog, native to the eastern U.S. (Lithobates catesbeianus), is a species that has invaded more than 40 countries across 4 continents. This species has become especially prevalent in the western United States since its introduction in the early 1900s. This study characterized reproductive characteristics of bullfrogs with emphasis on the minimum size at which males and females reach sexual maturity in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA invasion range. We collected and dissected 121 individuals in 2013 and 2017, quantifying characteristics of sexual maturity including snout-vent length, total length, sex, tympanum diameter, presence of distended oviducts or eggs for females, and testes length and sperm activity in males. Our results showed that the minimum reproductive size of both males and females was smaller relative to bullfrogs in their native range as well as in populations across their invasive range. Reduction in size at reproductive maturity is likely impacting the invasive success of American bullfrogs and this study gives us insight on management actions to control the invasion. Applying this insight, managers can adjust their definition of reproductively active adults, increasing the target population of culling and other control methods.
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Sinsch U. Carry-over effects of the larval environment on the post-metamorphic performance of Bombina variegata (Amphibia, Anura). HERPETOL J 2020. [DOI: 10.33256/hj30.3.126134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metamorphs of the yellow-bellied toad, Bombina variegata, vary widely in size at metamorphosis in the field. We performed a replicated outdoor mesocosm study to simulate the environmental factor combinations in permanent and ephemeral breeding sites and to quantify their effects on tadpole development (duration of the larval period, metamorph size and body condition). Looking for potential carry-over effects of the larval environment, we quantified locomotor performance of all metamorph phenotypes originating from the mesocosms immediately after metamorphosis under controlled conditions. In contrast to the prediction of life-history theory, tadpoles were unable to adjust developmental rate to water availability, but metamorphs originating from the ephemeral pond treatment were smaller and had a lower body condition than those from the permanent pond treatment. Size-dependent carry-over effects included the length of the first jump following tactile stimulation, burst performance (total length of spontaneous jumps) and endurance (total distance covered in 10 forced jumps). A size-independent effect of larval environment was the prolonged locomotor effort to escape (5.7 consecutive jumps following initial stimulus) of metamorphs from the ephemeral pond treatment compared to same-sized ones (3.7 jumps) from the permanent pond treatment. Thus, we demonstrate that carry-over effects of larval environment on metamorph phenotype and behaviour cause a considerable variation in fitness in the early terrestrial stage of B. variegata. Informed conservation management of endangered populations in the northern range should therefore include the provision of small permanent breeding ponds promoting larger and fitter metamorphs.
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Székely D, Cogălniceanu D, Székely P, Armijos-Ojeda D, Espinosa-Mogrovejo V, Denoël M. How to recover from a bad start: size at metamorphosis affects growth and survival in a tropical amphibian. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:24. [PMID: 32316956 PMCID: PMC7175581 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In species with complex life cycles, size at metamorphosis is a key life-history trait which reflects the complex interactions between costs and benefits of life in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Whereas the effects of a deteriorating larval habitat (e.g. pond desiccation) on triggering an early metamorphosis have been extensively investigated in amphibians, the consequences of the resulting reduced size at metamorphosis on fitness in the post-metamorphic terrestrial stage remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that a smaller size at metamorphosis negatively affects performance and survival in the ensuing terrestrial stage. Using as model a tropical amphibian (Ceratophrys stolzmanni) showing a large phenotypic plasticity in metamorphosing traits, we evaluated the effects of size at metamorphosis on fitness-related trophic and locomotor performance traits, as well as on growth and survival rates. Results Our results support the hypothesis that a larger size at metamorphosis is correlated with better survival and performance. The survival rate of large metamorphosing individuals was 95%, compared to 60% for those completing metamorphosis at a small size. Locomotor performance and gape size were positively correlated with body size, larger animals being more mobile and capable to ingest larger prey. However, smaller individuals achieved higher growth rates, thus reducing the size gap. Conclusions Overall, size at metamorphosis affected profoundly the chances of survival in the short term, but smaller surviving individuals partly compensated their initial disadvantages by increasing growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Székely
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.,Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanța, Constanța, Romania.,Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic Science Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanța, Constanța, Romania. .,Asociation Chelonia, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Paul Székely
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.,Asociation Chelonia, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diego Armijos-Ojeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.,Programa de Doctorado en Conservación de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic Science Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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