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Alshaal T, Alharbi K, Naif E, Rashwan E, Omara AED, Hafez EM. Strengthen sunflowers resilience to cadmium in saline-alkali soil by PGPR-augmented biochar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116555. [PMID: 38870735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In the center of the Nile Delta in Egypt, the Kitchener drain as the primary drainage discharges about 1.9 billion m3 per year of water, which comprises agricultural drainage (75 %), domestic water (23 %), and industrial water (2 %), to the Mediterranean Sea. Cadmium (Cd) stands out as a significant contaminant in this drain; therefore, this study aimed to assess the integration of biochar (0, 5, and 10 ton ha-1) and three PGPRs (PGPR-1, PGPR-2, and PGPR-3) to alleviate the negative impacts of Cd on sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) in saline-alkali soil. The treatment of biochar (10 ton ha-1) and PGPR-3 enhanced the soil respiration, dehydrogenase, nitrogenase, and phosphatase activities by 137 %, 129 %, 326 %, and 127 %, while it declined soil electrical conductivity and available Cd content by 31.7 % and 61.3 %. Also, it decreased Cd content in root, shoot, and seed by 55.3 %, 50.7 %, and 92.5 %, and biological concentration and translocation factors by 55 % and 5 %. It also declined the proline, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage contents by 48 %, 94 %, 80 %, and 76 %, whereas increased the catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and polyphenol oxidase activities by 80 %, 79 %, 61 %, and 116 %. Same treatment increased seed and oil yields increased by 76.1 % and 76.2 %. The unique aspect of this research is its investigation into the utilization of biochar in saline-alkali soil conditions, coupled with the combined application of biochar and PGPR to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd contamination on sunflower cultivation in saline-alkali soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Alshaal
- Department of Applied Plant Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Debrecen, AGTC. 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Naif
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt
| | - Emadelden Rashwan
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt
| | - Emad M Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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Ullah S, Ali I, Yang M, Zhao Q, Iqbal A, Wu X, Ahmad S, Muhammad I, Khan A, Adnan M, Yuan P, Jiang L. Partial Substitution of Urea with Biochar Induced Improvements in Soil Enzymes Activity, Ammonia-Nitrite Oxidizers, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Double-Cropping Rice System. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020527. [PMID: 36838492 PMCID: PMC9959172 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar is an important soil amendment that can enhance the biological properties of soil, as well as nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in N-fertilized crops. However, few studies have characterized the effects of urea and biochar application on soil biochemical traits and its effect on paddy rice. Therefore, a field trial was conducted in the early and late seasons of 2020 in a randomized complete block design with two N levels (135 and 180 kg ha-1) and four levels of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha-1). The treatment combinations were as follows: 135 kg N ha-1 + 0 t B ha-1 (T1), 135 kg N ha-1 + 10 t B ha-1 (T2), 135 kg N ha-1 + 20 t B ha-1 (T3), 135 kg N ha-1 + 30 t B ha-1 (T4), 180 kg N ha-1 + 0 t B ha-1 (T5), 180 kg N ha-1 + 10 t B ha-1 (T6), 180 kg N ha-1 + 20 t B ha-1 (T7) and 180 kg N ha-1 + 30 t B ha-1 (T8). The results showed that soil amended with biochar had higher soil pH, soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, and mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N) than soil that had not been amended with biochar. In both seasons, the 20 t ha-1 and 30 t ha-1 biochar treatments had the highest an average concentrations of NO3--N (10.54 mg kg-1 and 10.25 mg kg-1, respectively). In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average activity of the enzymes urease, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, and chitinase was, respectively, 25.28%, 14.13%, 67.76%, and 22.26% greater; however, the activity of the enzyme catalase was 15.06% lower in both seasons. Application of biochar considerably increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which was 48% greater on average in biochar-amended soil than in unamended soil. However, there were no significant variations in the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) across treatments. In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average N content was 24.46%, 20.47%, and 19.08% higher in the stem, leaves, and panicles, respectively. In general, adding biochar at a rate of 20 to 30 t ha-1 with low-dose urea (135 kg N ha-1) is a beneficial technique for improving the nutrient balance and biological processes of soil, as well as the N uptake and grain yield of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pengli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
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Effect of Biochar on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity and Metabolism in Tobacco-Growing Soil. ECOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ecologies3040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, four different biochar application rates and a control were set up using indoor potted tobacco, to study the effects of biochar on the microbial diversity and metabolism of tobacco-growing soil. The five treatments were as follows: control—0% biochar (w/w) + 26 g fertilizer/pot; biochar treatments—1% biochar (w/w) + 26 g fertilizer/pot, 2% biochar (w/w) + 26 g fertilizer/pot, 3% biochar (w/w) + 26 g fertilizer/pot, and 4% biochar (w/w) + 26 g fertilizer/pot. We found that biochar increases the microbial diversity of soils and simultaneously changes the microbial community structure. Under the influence of biochar, soil urease activity increased by 18%, invertase activity increased by 23.40%, polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 59.50%, and catalase activity increased by 30.92%. Biochar also significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of the soil. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen had a positive correlation on bacterial diversity, with the highest coefficient, while soil microbial biomass carbon had a positive correlation on fungal diversity, with the highest coefficient. The microbial diversity and metabolic capacity of soil are improved under the influence of biochar, and soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen have positive impacts on soil microbial diversity.
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Zhao F, He L, Bond-Lamberty B, Janssens IA, Wang J, Pang G, Wu Y, Xu X. Latitudinal shifts of soil microbial biomass seasonality. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac254. [PMID: 36712352 PMCID: PMC9802431 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Soil microbes ultimately drive the mineralization of soil organic carbon and thus ecosystem functions. We compiled a dataset of the seasonality of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and developed a semi-mechanistic model to map monthly MBC across the globe. MBC exhibits an equatorially symmetric seasonality between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere, MBC peaks in autumn and is minimal in spring at low latitudes (<25°N), peaks in the spring and is minimal in autumn at mid-latitudes (25°N to 50°N), while peaks in autumn and is minimal in spring at high latitudes (>50°N). This latitudinal shift of MBC seasonality is attributed to an interaction of soil temperature, soil moisture, and substrate availability. The MBC seasonality is inconsistent with patterns of heterotrophic respiration, indicating that MBC as a proxy for microbial activity is inappropriate at this resolution. This study highlights the need to explicitly represent microbial physiology in microbial models. The interactive controls of environments and substrate on microbial seasonality provide insights for better representing microbial mechanisms in simulating ecosystem functions at the seasonal scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liyuan He
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College Park, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jieying Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Guowei Pang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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See CR, Keller AB, Hobbie SE, Kennedy PG, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J. Hyphae move matter and microbes to mineral microsites: Integrating the hyphosphere into conceptual models of soil organic matter stabilization. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2527-2540. [PMID: 34989058 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Associations between soil minerals and microbially derived organic matter (often referred to as mineral-associated organic matter or MAOM) form a large pool of slowly cycling carbon (C). The rhizosphere, soil immediately adjacent to roots, is thought to control the spatial extent of MAOM formation because it is the dominant entry point of new C inputs to soil. However, emphasis on the rhizosphere implicitly assumes that microbial redistribution of C into bulk (non-rhizosphere) soils is minimal. We question this assumption, arguing that because of extensive fungal exploration and rapid hyphal turnover, fungal redistribution of soil C from the rhizosphere to bulk soil minerals is common, and encourages MAOM formation. First, we summarize published estimates of fungal hyphal length density and turnover rates and demonstrate that fungal C inputs are high throughout the rhizosphere-bulk soil continuum. Second, because colonization of hyphal surfaces is a common dispersal mechanism for soil bacteria, we argue that hyphal exploration allows for the non-random colonization of mineral surfaces by hyphae-associated taxa. Third, these bacterial communities and their fungal hosts determine the chemical form of organic matter deposited on colonized mineral surfaces. Collectively, our analysis demonstrates that omission of the hyphosphere from conceptual models of soil C flow overlooks key mechanisms for MAOM formation in bulk soils. Moving forward, there is a clear need for spatially explicit, quantitative research characterizing the environmental drivers of hyphal exploration and hyphosphere community composition across systems, as these are important controls over the rate and organic chemistry of C deposited on minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R See
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adrienne B Keller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California, USA
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6
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UK Government Policy and the Transition to a Circular Nutrient Economy. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The “circular economy” is an increasingly influential concept linking economic and environmental policy to enable sustainable use of resources. A crucial although often overlooked element of this concept is a circular nutrient economy, which is an economy that achieves the minimization of nutrient losses during the production, processing, distribution, and consumption of food and other products, as well as the comprehensive recovery of nutrients from organic residuals at each of these stages for reuse in agricultural production. There are multiple interconnecting barriers to transitioning from the current linear economic system to a more circular one, requiring strongly directional government policy. This paper uses interpretive policy analysis to review six UK government strategies to assess their strengths and weaknesses in embracing nutrient circularisation. Our analysis highlights the acute underrepresentation of the circular nutrient economy concept in these strategies as well as the potential to reorient the current policy towards its development. We find significant barriers to transition presented by ambiguity in key policy terms and proposals, the use of inappropriate indicators, the lack of a systematic approach to key sustainability objectives, and the presence of a “techno-optimist imaginary” throughout the strategies. We develop these findings to make recommendations to help integrate definitions, objectives, and activities across the policy domains necessary for the operational development of a circular nutrient economy.
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7
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Heckman K, Hicks Pries CE, Lawrence CR, Rasmussen C, Crow SE, Hoyt AM, von Fromm SF, Shi Z, Stoner S, McGrath C, Beem-Miller J, Berhe AA, Blankinship JC, Keiluweit M, Marín-Spiotta E, Monroe JG, Plante AF, Schimel J, Sierra CA, Thompson A, Wagai R. Beyond bulk: Density fractions explain heterogeneity in global soil carbon abundance and persistence. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1178-1196. [PMID: 34862692 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the controls on the amount and persistence of soil organic carbon (C) is essential for predicting its sensitivity to global change. The response may depend on whether C is unprotected, isolated within aggregates, or protected from decomposition by mineral associations. Here, we present a global synthesis of the relative influence of environmental factors on soil organic C partitioning among pools, abundance in each pool (mg C g-1 soil), and persistence (as approximated by radiocarbon abundance) in relatively unprotected particulate and protected mineral-bound pools. We show that C within particulate and mineral-associated pools consistently differed from one another in degree of persistence and relationship to environmental factors. Soil depth was the best predictor of C abundance and persistence, though it accounted for more variance in persistence. Persistence of all C pools decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) throughout the soil profile, whereas persistence increased with increasing wetness index (MAP/PET) in subsurface soils (30-176 cm). The relationship of C abundance (mg C g-1 soil) to climate varied among pools and with depth. Mineral-associated C in surface soils (<30 cm) increased more strongly with increasing wetness index than the free particulate C, but both pools showed attenuated responses to the wetness index at depth. Overall, these relationships suggest a strong influence of climate on soil C properties, and a potential loss of soil C from protected pools in areas with decreasing wetness. Relative persistence and abundance of C pools varied significantly among land cover types and soil parent material lithologies. This variability in each pool's relationship to environmental factors suggests that not all soil organic C is equally vulnerable to global change. Therefore, projections of future soil organic C based on patterns and responses of bulk soil organic C may be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Heckman
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Corey R Lawrence
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Craig Rasmussen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Susan E Crow
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management Department, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alison M Hoyt
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sophie F von Fromm
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zheng Shi
- Computational Sciences & Engineering Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shane Stoner
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Casey McGrath
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management Department, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jeffrey Beem-Miller
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Asmeret Asefaw Berhe
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Joseph C Blankinship
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marco Keiluweit
- School of Earth & Sustainability and Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erika Marín-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J Grey Monroe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alain F Plante
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Schimel
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Carlos A Sierra
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and the Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rota Wagai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Peach ME, Richardson JB, Friedland AJ. Legacies of Nutrient Accumulation and Depletion in Residential Ecosystems. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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TransparC2U–A two-pool, pedology oriented forest soil carbon simulation model aimed at user investigations of multiple uncertainties. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Smith GR, Peay KG. Multiple distinct, scale-dependent links between fungi and decomposition. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1352-1362. [PMID: 33894029 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Decomposition has historically been considered a function of climate and substrate but new research highlights the significant role of specific micro-organisms and their interactions. In particular, wood decay is better predicted by variation in fungal communities than in climate. Multiple links exist: interspecific competition slows decomposition in more diverse fungal communities, whereas trait variation between different communities also affects process rates. Here, we paired field and laboratory experiments using a dispersal gradient at a forest-shrubland ecotone to examine how fungi affect wood decomposition across scales. We observed that while fungal communities closer to forests were capable of faster decomposition, wood containing diverse fungal communities decomposed more slowly, independent of location. Dispersal-driven stochasticity in small-scale community assembly was nested within large-scale turnover in the regional species pool, decoupling the two patterns. We thus find multiple distinct links between microbes and ecosystem function that manifest across different spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Reuben Smith
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Global Ecosystem Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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11
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Ji X, Abakumov E, Chigray S, Saparova S, Polyakov V, Wang W, Wu D, Li C, Huang Y, Xie X. Response of carbon and microbial properties to risk elements pollution in arctic soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124430. [PMID: 33176958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 180-day incubation study was conducted to evaluate the effects of risk elements (REs) on organic carbon use and microbial activities in organic soils in the Arctic during the summer snowmelt period. Soils were artificially spiked with Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, and a combination of these REs according to the levels measured in Arctic soils from REs-polluted industrial sites. During the incubation period, microbial activities and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) formation were inhibited, and microbial quotient (qCO2) values were relatively high in the spiked soils indicating that more energy was used by microbes for maintenance under REs stress. Meanwhile, microbial metabolism was significantly restrained. Microbial Specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were reduced in RE spiked soils relative to the control, especially in the As- and multi-RE-spiked soils. The abundance of both fungi and bacteria was reduced in response to RE amendments by 14-24% and 1-55%, respectively. PLFA biomarkers indicated a shift in soil microbial community structure and activities influenced by REs, consequently having a negative effect on soil organic carbon degradation. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding the alternation of biochemical reactions in Arctic soils under anthropogenic REs with relevant contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Evgeny Abakumov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Chigray
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Sheker Saparova
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Polyakov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, 199397, Russian Federation; Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Pushkin, Saint Petersburg 19660, Russian Federation
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Applied Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russian Federation
| | - Daishe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Chunlan Li
- Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; School of Urban and Regional Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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12
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Meng L, Qu F, Bi X, Xia J, Li Y, Wang X, Yu J. Elemental stoichiometry (C, N, P) of soil in the Yellow River Delta nature reserve: Understanding N and P status of soil in the coastal estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141737. [PMID: 32882556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve (YNR), which includes two separated regions: part of the old Yellow River Delta (OYD) and part of the current Yellow River Delta (CYD), was established to protect coastal wetlands in the coastal estuary. A total of 120 plots were sampled in the YNR in April 2016, and the spatial patterns of soil C, N and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios (C:N (RCN), C:P (RCP) and N:P (RNP)) were studied and interpolated using the Ordinary Kriging method. Results indicated that the soil elemental contents and stoichiometric ratios showed high spatial heterogeneity and large variations. The mean C:N:P ratio (RCNP) was ~ 64.7:2.3:1 in OYD, and ~ 64.5:2.0:1 in CYD, respectively, and a well-constrained RCP ratio ~ 65:1 was found in the 0-50 cm soil depth within the YNR. N showed greater variation than C and P. Furthermore, N contents in the 0-5 cm soil layer of OYD were significantly higher than that of CYD (F = 4.79, p = 0.03); RCN in 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm layers of OYD was significantly lower than those in the same layers of CYD (F = 4.75, p = 0.03; F = 5.18, p = 0.02, respectively). RNP in 0-5 cm soil layer of OYD was notably higher than that of CYD (F = 4.88, p = 0.03). These results were due to the combined actions of sedimentation, reclamation and fertilization. Finally, we concluded that a longer reclamation and fertilization history led to decreased RCN in coastal estuary soils, confirmed that the soil of the YNR exhibits N limitation, and suggested that the soil RCN and RNP could be good indicators of the anthropogenic improvement status during soil development in this coastal estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Meng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Fanzhu Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Bi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jiangbao Xia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yunzhao Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Junbao Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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13
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Camenzind T, Philipp Grenz K, Lehmann J, Rillig MC. Soil fungal mycelia have unexpectedly flexible stoichiometric C:N and C:P ratios. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:208-218. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin14195Germany
| | - Kay Philipp Grenz
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY14853USA
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin14195Germany
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