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Iqbal A, Ligeng J, Mo Z, Adnan M, Lal R, Zaman M, Usman S, Hua T, Imran M, Pan SG, Qi JY, Duan M, Gu Q, Tang X. Substation of vermicompost mitigates Cd toxicity, improves rice yields and restores bacterial community in a Cd-contaminated soil in Southern China. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133118. [PMID: 38101017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil is a global concern for soil health and food sustainability because it can cause Cd accumulation in cereal grains. An in-situ stabilizing technology (using organic amendments) has been widely used for Cd remediation in arable lands. Therefore, the current study examined the influence of vermicompost (VC) on soil biochemical traits, bacterial community diversity and composition, Cd uptake and accumulation in rice plants and grain yield in a Cd-contaminated soil during the late growing season in 2022. Different doses of VC (i.e., V1 = 0 t ha-1, V2 = 3 t ha-1 and V3 = 6 t ha-1) and two concentrations of Cd (i.e., Cd1 = 0 and Cd2 = 50 mg Cd Kg-1 were used. We performed high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to characterize soil bacterial communities. The addition of VC considerably affected the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community; and increased the relative abundance of phyla Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Plantomycetota, Gemmatimonadota, Patescibacteria and Firmicute. In addition, VC application, particularly High VC treatment, exhibited the highest bacterial diversity and richness (i.e., Simpson, Shannon, ACE, and Chao 1 indexes) of all treatments. Similarly, the VC application increased the soil chemical traits, including soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), total phosphorous (TP) and enzyme activities (i.e., acid phosphatase, catalase, urease and invertase) compared to non-VC treated soil under Cd stress. The average increase in SOC, TN, AN, TK and TP were 5.75%, 41.15%, 18.51%, 12.31%, 25.45% and 29.67%, respectively, in the High VC treatment (Pos-Cd + VC3) compared with Cd stressed soil. Redundancy analysis revealed that the leading bacterial phyla were associated with SOC, AN, TN, TP and pH, although the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidata, and Acidobacteria on a phylum basis and Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Myxococcia on a class basis, were highly correlated with soil environmental factors. Moreover, the VC application counteracted the adverse effects of Cd on plants and significantly reduced the Cd uptake and accumulation in rice organs, such as roots, stem + leaves and grain under Cd stress conditions. Similarly, applying VC significantly increased the fragrant rice grain yield and yield traits under Cd toxicity. The correlation analysis showed that the increased soil quantities traits were crucial in obtaining high rice grain yield. Generally, the findings of this research demonstrate that the application of VC in paddy fields could be useful for growers in Southern China by sustainably enhancing soil functionality and crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China; CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Departmetn of Entomology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jiang Ligeng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maid Zaman
- Departmetn of Entomology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Usman
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tian Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng-Gang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ying Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qichang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Nawab R, Ali M, Haroon U, Kamal A, Akbar M, Anwar F, Ahmed J, Chaudhary HJ, Iqbal A, Hashem M, Alamri S, ALHaithloul HAS, Munis MFH. Calotropis procera (L.) mediated synthesis of AgNPs and their application to control leaf spot of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (L.). BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e261123. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Nature is gifted with a wide range of ornamental plants, which beautify and clean the nature. Due to its great aesthetic value, there is a need to protect these plants from a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (L.) is an ornamental plant and it is commonly known as China rose or shoeblack plant. It is affected by several fungal and bacterial pathogens. Current study was designed to isolate leaf spot pathogen of H. rosa-sinensis and its control using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Based on molecular and morphological features, the isolated leaf spot pathogen was identified as Aspergillus niger. AgNPs were synthesized in the leaf extract of Calotropis procera and characterized. UV-vis spectral analysis displayed discrete plasmon resonance bands on the surface of synthesized AgNPs, depicting the presence of aromatic amino acids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) described the presence of C-O, NH, C-H, and O-H functional groups, which act as stabilizing and reducing molecules. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the average size (~32.43 nm) of AgNPs and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicted their spherical nature. In this study, in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of AgNPs was investigated. In vitro antifungal activity analysis revealed the highest growth inhibition of mycelia (87%) at 1.0 mg/ml concentration of AgNPs. The same concentration of AgNPs tremendously inhibited the spread of disease on infected leaves of H. rosa-sinensis. These results demonstrated significant disease control ability of AgNPs and suggested their use on different ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Nawab
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - M. Ali
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | | | - A. Kamal
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - M. Akbar
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - F. Anwar
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - J. Ahmed
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | | | - A. Iqbal
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - M. Hashem
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Egypt
| | - S. Alamri
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
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Abbas MA, Iqbal A, Ahmed M, Rasool G, Awan MF, Khan MKA, Rao AQ, Shahid AA, Husnain T. Transformation of Rhodococcus Pigment Production Hydroxylase (PPH) gene into Camelina sativa: an alternative marker for the detection of transgenic plants. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e254973. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Production of transgenic plants with desired agronomic and horticultural traits has gained great importance to fulfill demands of the growing population. Genetic transformation is also a fundamental step to study basics of plant sciences. Different transformation protocols have been developed and used which are reliable and efficient. These protocols used antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes incorporated along with gene of interest to identify transformed plants from non-transformed ones. These marker genes may pose a threat to human and environment. Use of visual markers enables direct and easier observation of transformed plants with more precision. In current study a gene cassette with ‘pigment production hydroxylase (PPH) gene under fiber specific promoter (GhSCFP) and downstream Nos-terminator was designed. After checking the structural and functional efficiency of codon optimized gene using bioinformatics tools, the cassette was sent for chemical synthesis from commercial source. The pigment gene cassette (PPH_CEMB), cloned in pCAMBIA-1301, was transformed into Agrobacterium through electroporation. Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip method was used to transform Camelina sativa inflorescence. After seed setting a total of 600 seed were observed for change in color and out of these, 19 seeds developed a reddish-brown coloration, while the remaining 581 seeds remained yellow. The transformation efficiency calculated on basis of color change was 1.0%. PCR analysis of leaves obtained after sowing reddish seeds confirmed the transformation of pigment production gene, while no PCR amplification was observed in leaves of plants from wild type seeds. From the results it is evident that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of C. sativa inflorescence is very efficient and environment friendly technique not only for detection of transformed plants but also to study basic cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Abbas
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; Govt. College of Science, Pakistan
| | - A. Iqbal
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; National Research Institute, Poland
| | - M. Ahmed
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; Govt. Boys College Sokasan, Pakistan
| | | | - M. F. Awan
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
| | | | - A. Q. Rao
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - T. Husnain
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
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Goppalakrishnan VA, Jothi Balaji J, Iqbal A. Scleral lens fluid reservoir turbidity with solutions of varying viscosities. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:831-832. [PMID: 37095021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V A Goppalakrishnan
- Elite School of Optometry, Medical Research Foundation, 600016 Chennai, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, 613401 Thanjavur, India.
| | - J Jothi Balaji
- Department of Optometry, Medical Research Foundation, 600006 Chennai, India
| | - A Iqbal
- Department of Contact Lens, Medical Research Foundation, 600006 Chennai, India
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H FM, Krishnan AM, Prabagaran S, Venkatesh R, Kumar DS, Christysudha J, Seikh A, Iqbal A, Ramaraj E. Optimization and prediction of CBN tool life sustainability during AA1100 CNC turning by response surface methodology. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18807. [PMID: 37560707 PMCID: PMC10407727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aluminium alloy (AA1100) was familiar with automotive flexible shaft coupling applications due to its high strength, good machinability, and superior thermal and resistance to corrosion characteristics. Machining tool life drives the prominent role for deciding the product quality (machining) act aims to productivity target with zero interruptions. The novelty of this present investigation is the focus on increasing tool life during the complexity of CNC turning operation for AA1100 alloy by using CBN coated insert tool with varied input parameters of spindle speed (SS), feed rate (f), and depth of cut (DOC). Design of experiment (L16), analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical system adopted with response surface methodology (RSM) is implemented for experimental analysis. The turning input parameters of SS, f and DOC are considered as factors and its SS (900, 1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm), f (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25), and DOC (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm) values are treated as levels. The investigational analysis was made with the ANOVA technique and the desirability of high tool life with input turning parameters was optimized by RSM, and sample no 11/16 was predicted as high tool life and performed with extended working hours compared to other samples. The RSM optimized best turning parameter combinations are 0.1 mm DOC, 0.2mm/rev to 0.25mm/rev f, and 1300 rpm-1500 rpm SS, facilitating a higher tool life of more than 20min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal M. H
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Mulavoor, 686673, Kerala, India
| | - A. Mohana Krishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy, 621112, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Prabagaran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Venkatesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamilnadu, India
| | - D. Satish Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J. Christysudha
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anand Institute of Higher Technology, Kazhipattur, Chennai, 603103, India
| | - A.H. Seikh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Iqbal
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Elangomathavan Ramaraj
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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Iqbal A, Mo Z, Pan SG, Qi JY, Hua T, Imran M, Duan M, Gu Q, Yao XB, Tang X. Exogenous TiO 2 Nanoparticles Alleviate Cd Toxicity by Reducing Cd Uptake and Regulating Plant Physiological Activity and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Metabolites 2023; 13:765. [PMID: 37367921 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a potentially hazardous element with significant biological toxicity, negatively affecting plant growth and physio-biochemical metabolism. Thus, it is necessary to examine practical and eco-friendly approaches to reduce Cd toxicity. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are growth regulators that help in nutrient uptake and improve plant defense systems against abiotic and biological stress. A pot experiment was performed in the late rice-growing season (July-November) 2022 to explore the role of TiO2-NPs in relieving Cd toxicity on leaf physiological activity, biochemical attributes, and plant antioxidant defense systems of two different fragrant rice cultivars, i.e., Xiangyaxiangzhan (XGZ) and Meixiangzhan-2 (MXZ-2). Both cultivars were cultivated under normal and Cd-stress conditions. Different doses of TiO2-NPs with and without Cd-stress conditions were studied. The treatment combinations were: Cd-, 0 mg/kg CdCl2·2.5 H2O; Cd+, 50 mg/kg CdCl2·2.5 H2O; Cd + NP1, 50 mg/kg Cd + 50 TiO2-NPs mg/L; Cd + NP2, 50 mg/kg Cd + 100 TiO2-NPs mg/L; Cd + NP3, 50 mg/kg Cd + 200 TiO2-NPs mg/L; Cd + NP4, 50 mg/kg Cd + 400 TiO2-NPs mg/L. Our results showed that the Cd stress significantly (p < 0.05) decreased leaf photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal traits, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the expression of their encoding genes and protein content. Moreover, Cd toxicity destabilized plant metabolism owing to greater accretion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels at vegetative and reproductive stages. However, TiO2-NPs application improved leaf photosynthetic efficacy, stomatal traits, and protein and antioxidant enzyme activities under Cd toxicity. Application of TiO2-NPs decreased the uptake and accumulation of Cd in plants and levels of H2O2 and MDA, thereby helping to relieve Cd-induced peroxidation damage of leaf membrane lipids by enhancing the activities of different enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Average increases in SOD, APX, CAT, and POS activities of 120.5 and 110.4%, 116.2 and 123.4%, 41.4 and 43.8%, and 36.6 and 34.2% in MXZ-2 and XGZ, respectively, were noted in Cd + NP3 treatment across the growth stages as compared with Cd-stressed plants without NPs. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed that the leaf net photosynthetic rate is strongly associated with leaf proline and soluble protein content, suggesting that a higher net photosynthetic rate results in higher leaf proline and soluble protein content. Of the treatments, the Cd + NP3 (50 mg/kg Cd + 200 mg/L TiO2-NPs) performed the best for both fragrant rice cultivars under Cd toxicity. Our results showed that TiO2-NPs strengthened rice metabolism through an enhanced antioxidant defense system across the growth stages, thereby improving plant physiological activity and biochemical characteristics under Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng-Gang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ying Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tian Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qichang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Imran M, Hussain S, Iqbal A, Saleem MH, Rehman NU, Mo Z, Chen X, Tang X. Nitric oxide confers cadmium tolerance in fragrant rice by modulating physio-biochemical processes, yield attributes, and grain quality traits. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 261:115078. [PMID: 37285677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress causes serious disruptions in plant metabolism, physio-biochemical processes, crop yield, and quality characters. Nitric oxide (NO) improves the quality features and nutritional contents of fruit plants. However, how NO confers Cd toxicity in fragrant rice plants, is sparse. Hence, the present study investigated the effects of 50 µM NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on physio-biochemical processes, plant growth attributes, grain yield, and quality traits of fragrant rice under Cd stress (100 mg kg-1 soil). The results revealed that Cd stress diminished rice plant growth, impaired photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant defense system, and deteriorated the grain quality traits. However, foliar application of SNP mitigated Cd stress by improving plant growth and gas exchange attributes. Higher electrolyte leakage (EL) was accompanied with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under Cd stress; however, exogenous application of SNP reduced them. The activities and relative expression levels of enzymatic antioxidants; superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) contents were reduced by Cd stress, while SNP application regulated their activity and transcript abundances. SNP application improved fragrant rice grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content by 57.68 % and 75.54 % respectively, which is concomitant with higher biomass accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency, photosynthetic pigment contents, and an improved antioxidant defense system. Collectively, our results concluded that SNP application regulated the fragrant rice plant physio-biochemical processes, yield traits and grain quality characters under Cd-affected soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, PR China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anas Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, PR China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Ullah S, Ali I, Yang M, Zhao Q, Iqbal A, Wu X, Ahmad S, Muhammad I, Khan A, Adnan M, Yuan P, Jiang L. Partial Substitution of Urea with Biochar Induced Improvements in Soil Enzymes Activity, Ammonia-Nitrite Oxidizers, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Double-Cropping Rice System. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020527. [PMID: 36838492 PMCID: PMC9959172 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar is an important soil amendment that can enhance the biological properties of soil, as well as nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in N-fertilized crops. However, few studies have characterized the effects of urea and biochar application on soil biochemical traits and its effect on paddy rice. Therefore, a field trial was conducted in the early and late seasons of 2020 in a randomized complete block design with two N levels (135 and 180 kg ha-1) and four levels of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha-1). The treatment combinations were as follows: 135 kg N ha-1 + 0 t B ha-1 (T1), 135 kg N ha-1 + 10 t B ha-1 (T2), 135 kg N ha-1 + 20 t B ha-1 (T3), 135 kg N ha-1 + 30 t B ha-1 (T4), 180 kg N ha-1 + 0 t B ha-1 (T5), 180 kg N ha-1 + 10 t B ha-1 (T6), 180 kg N ha-1 + 20 t B ha-1 (T7) and 180 kg N ha-1 + 30 t B ha-1 (T8). The results showed that soil amended with biochar had higher soil pH, soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, and mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N) than soil that had not been amended with biochar. In both seasons, the 20 t ha-1 and 30 t ha-1 biochar treatments had the highest an average concentrations of NO3--N (10.54 mg kg-1 and 10.25 mg kg-1, respectively). In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average activity of the enzymes urease, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, and chitinase was, respectively, 25.28%, 14.13%, 67.76%, and 22.26% greater; however, the activity of the enzyme catalase was 15.06% lower in both seasons. Application of biochar considerably increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which was 48% greater on average in biochar-amended soil than in unamended soil. However, there were no significant variations in the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) across treatments. In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average N content was 24.46%, 20.47%, and 19.08% higher in the stem, leaves, and panicles, respectively. In general, adding biochar at a rate of 20 to 30 t ha-1 with low-dose urea (135 kg N ha-1) is a beneficial technique for improving the nutrient balance and biological processes of soil, as well as the N uptake and grain yield of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pengli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Morais KLP, Ciccone L, Stura E, Alvarez-Flores MP, Mourier G, Driessche MV, Sciani JM, Iqbal A, Kalil SP, Pereira GJ, Marques-Porto R, Cunegundes P, Juliano L, Servent D, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Structural and functional properties of the Kunitz-type and C-terminal domains of Amblyomin-X supporting its antitumor activity. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1072751. [PMID: 36845546 PMCID: PMC9948614 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1072751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amblyomin-X is a Kunitz-type FXa inhibitor identified through the transcriptome analysis of the salivary gland from Amblyomma sculptum tick. This protein consists of two domains of equivalent size, triggers apoptosis in different tumor cell lines, and promotes regression of tumor growth, and reduction of metastasis. To study the structural properties and functional roles of the N-terminal (N-ter) and C-terminal (C-ter) domains of Amblyomin-X, we synthesized them by solid-phase peptide synthesis, solved the X-Ray crystallographic structure of the N-ter domain, confirming its Kunitz-type signature, and studied their biological properties. We show here that the C-ter domain is responsible for the uptake of Amblyomin-X by tumor cells and highlight the ability of this domain to deliver intracellular cargo by the strong enhancement of the intracellular detection of molecules with low cellular-uptake efficiency (p15) after their coupling with the C-ter domain. In contrast, the N-ter Kunitz domain of Amblyomin-X is not capable of crossing through the cell membrane but is associated with tumor cell cytotoxicity when it is microinjected into the cells or fused to TAT cell-penetrating peptide. Additionally, we identify the minimum length C-terminal domain named F2C able to enter in the SK-MEL-28 cells and induces dynein chains gene expression modulation, a molecular motor that plays a role in the uptake and intracellular trafficking of Amblyomin-X.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. P. Morais
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. Ciccone
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Stura
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. P. Alvarez-Flores
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. Mourier
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Vanden Driessche
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. M. Sciani
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. Iqbal
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. P. Kalil
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. J. Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Marques-Porto
- Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. Cunegundes
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. Servent
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,*Correspondence: D. Servent, ; A. M. Chudzinski-Tavassi,
| | - A. M. Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: D. Servent, ; A. M. Chudzinski-Tavassi,
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10
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Khan RU, Khan M, Sohail A, Ullah R, Iqbal A, Ahmad B, Khan IU, Tariq A, Ahmad M, Said A, Ullah S, Ali A, Rahman MU, Zaman A, Bilal H. Efficacy of pentamidine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system for Leishmania tropica. Trop Biomed 2022; 39:511-517. [PMID: 36602209 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares the in vitro effects of nanoparticles loaded pentamidine drug and conventional pentamidine on Leishmania tropica. Herein, pentamidine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PTN-CNPs) have been synthesized through an ionic gelation method with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Next, the physical characteristics of PTN-CNPs were determined through the surface texture, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, drug loading content (DLC), and encapsulation efficacy (EE) and compared its efficacy with free pentamidine (PTN) drug against promastigotes and axenic amastigotes forms of L. tropica in vitro. The PTN-CNPs displayed a spherical shape having a size of 88 nm, an almost negative surface charge (-3.09 mV), EE for PTN entrapment of 86%, and in vitro drug release of 92% after 36 h. In vitro antileishmanial activity of PTN-CNPs and free PTN was performed against Leishmania tropica KWH23 promastigote and axenic amastigote using 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyletetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was observed that the effect of PTN-CNPs and free PTN on both forms of the parasite was dose and time dependent. Free PTN presented low efficacy even at higher dose (40 µg/ml) with 25.6 ± 1.3 and 26.5 ±1.4 mean viability rate of the promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, respectively after 72 hrs incubation. While PTN-CNPs showed strong antileishmanial effects on both forms of parasite with 16 ± 0.4 and 19 ± 0.7 mean viability rate at the same higher concentration (40 µg/ml) after 72 hrs incubation. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of PTN-CNPs toward promastigotes and amastigotes were obtained as 0.1375 µg/ml and 0.1910 µg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, PTN-CNPs effectively inhibited both forms of the L. tropica; however, its effect was more salient on promastigotes. This data indicates that the PTN-CNPs act as a target drug delivery system. However, further research is needed to support its efficacy in animal and human CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Khan
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A Sohail
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - R Ullah
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - B Ahmad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Punjab, 25000, Pakistan
| | - I U Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - A Tariq
- Directorate of Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-E Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Said
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M U Rahman
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A Zaman
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - H Bilal
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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11
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Bandyopadhyay S, Sheen AJ, Iqbal A. P-116 UNUSUAL VISCERAL CONTENT IN PARASTOMAL HERNIAS - A REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac308.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Parastomal hernias remain the most common complication of an ileostomy or colostomy - It is estimated that upto 50 percent of patients with a stoma will develop one. They may be classified as Interstitial, Subcutaneous, Intrastomal or Peristomal. The most common contents of Parastomal Hernias are bowel and omentum.However, other visceras have been reported as a content of a parastomal hernia. This presentation is aimed at a literature review of such surprise surgical situations that are challenging to the surgeons.
Presence of gallbladder in a parastomal hernia has been reported by multiple authors - there is reported incidence of incarceration or acute inflammation of the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy t the time of parastomal hernia repair has been reported though some patients have been treated non-operatively as well.
Similarly, there have been multiple reports of stomach beong the contents of parastomal hernias - there have been patients presenting with gastric outlet obstruction who have been found to have the stomach being a content of their parastomal herniation.
This presentation reviews the available literature and presents the challenges and oprions that a surgeon may face when treating similar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bandyopadhyay
- HPB Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - A J Sheen
- HPB Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - A Iqbal
- HPB Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary , Manchester , United Kingdom
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12
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Bandyopadhyay S, Iqbal A, Sheen AJ. P-115 HYBRID REPAIR OF RECURRENT COMPLEX GROIN HERNIA - CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNT. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac308.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A 45 year old lady presented with a recurrent swelling over the right groin that had gradually turned tense and tender over the last 48 hours. Having undergone an urgent right femoral hernia repair in 2002, she underwent an inguinal hernioplasty in 2004 and amesh repair of a recurrent inguinal hernia in 2008. She developed a third recurrence that slowly increased in size and needed an urgent repair. At assessment, she was found to have a large complete recurrent irreducible right inguinal hernia containing loops of bowel.
At laparoscopy, multiple loops of bowel and omentum were reduced from a large multiloculated hernial sac. In view of the large sac which had incorporated the previously placed meshes in the wall, a decision was made to abandon laparoscopic approach. The myopectineal orifice was approached through a groin incision and the hernial sac with it's locules, including a prevascular component, was defined. The posterior sheath was defined and the rigt rectus muscle, displaced by the hernia, was repositioned. The dissection was carried upto the Space of Bogros to ensure that no component of the hernia was missed out. After completing a formal herniotomy, a sandwich prosthesis, created by stitching a biomesh and a polypropylene mesh, was utilised for hernia repair.
The patient had an uneventful recovery.
The presentation is aimed at discussing the challenges of repairing a complex recurrent hernia, the possible pitfalls and lessons learnt.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bandyopadhyay
- HPB Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - A Iqbal
- HPB Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - A J Sheen
- HPB Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary , Manchester , United Kingdom
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13
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Iqbal A, Kaul A, Sheen AJ. P-083 AMYANDS HERNIA WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA - A RARE CASE PRESENTATION. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac308.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
47 year old gentleman presented to the emergency department with 2 days history of lower abdominal pain and right inguinal swelling which has increased in size during the same duration, he also had one episode of vomiting, bloating and constipation since 2 days. Investigations revealed an inflamed appendix within the right inguinal hernia along with a left renal lesion. The patient underwent emergency open primary repair of inguinal hernia with appendicectomy. Followed up with urology as an outpatient regarding renal lesion and with MDT discussion the patient was subjected for a partial nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iqbal
- Hepato pancreato biliary surgery , Manchester royal Infirmary , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Kaul
- Hepato pancreato biliary surgery , Manchester royal Infirmary , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A J Sheen
- Hepato pancreato biliary surgery , Manchester royal Infirmary , Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Khan R, Ma X, Hussain Q, Asim M, Iqbal A, Ren X, Shah S, Chen K, Shi Y. Application of 2,4-Epibrassinolide Improves Drought Tolerance in Tobacco through Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms. Biology 2022; 11:biology11081192. [PMID: 36009819 PMCID: PMC9405153 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major abiotic stress that hinders plant growth and development. Brassinosteroids (BR), including 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR), play important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses, including drought stress. This work investigates exogenous EBR application roles in improving drought tolerance in tobacco. Tobacco plants were divided into three groups: WW (well-watered), DS (drought stress), and DSB (drought stress + 0.05 mM EBR). The results revealed that DS decreased the leaf thickness (LT), whereas EBR application upregulated genes related to cell expansion, which were induced by the BR (DWF4, HERK2, and BZR1) and IAA (ARF9, ARF6, PIN1, SAUR19, and ABP1) signaling pathway. This promoted LT by 28%, increasing plant adaptation. Furthermore, EBR application improved SOD (22%), POD (11%), and CAT (5%) enzyme activities and their related genes expression (FeSOD, POD, and CAT) along with a higher accumulation of osmoregulatory substances such as proline (29%) and soluble sugars (14%) under DS and conferred drought tolerance. Finally, EBR application augmented the auxin (IAA) (21%) and brassinolide (131%) contents and upregulated genes related to drought tolerance induced by the BR (BRL3 and BZR2) and IAA (YUCCA6, SAUR32, and IAA26) signaling pathways. These results suggest that it could play an important role in improving mechanisms of drought tolerance in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaochun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shahen Shah
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Keling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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15
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Iqbal A, Ali I, Yuan P, Khan R, Liang H, Wei S, Jiang L. Combined Application of Manure and Chemical Fertilizers Alters Soil Environmental Variables and Improves Soil Fungal Community Composition and Rice Grain Yield. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:856355. [PMID: 35910624 PMCID: PMC9330912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.856355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms play vital roles in energy flow and soil nutrient cycling and, thus, are important for crop production. A detailed understanding of the complex responses of microbial communities to diverse organic manure and chemical fertilizers (CFs) is crucial for agroecosystem sustainability. However, little is known about the response of soil fungal communities and soil nutrients to manure and CFs, especially under double-rice cropping systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of the application of combined manure and CFs to various fertilization strategies, such as no N fertilizer (Neg-CF); 100% chemical fertilizer (Pos-CF); 60% cattle manure (CM) + 40% CF (high-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (low-CM); 60% poultry manure (PM) + 40% CF (high-PM), and 30% PM + 70% CF (low-PM) on soil fungal communities' structure and diversity, soil environmental variables, and rice yield. Results showed that synthetic fertilizer plus manure addition significantly increased the soil fertility and rice grain yield compared to sole CFs' application. Moreover, the addition of manure significantly changed the soil fungal community structure and increased the relative abundance of fungi such as phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Rozellomycota. The relative abundances dramatically differed at each taxonomic level, especially between manured and non-manured regimes. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) exhibited greater impacts of the addition of manure amendments than CFs on fungal community distributions. Redundancy analysis showed that the dominant fungal phyla were positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic C (SOC), total N, and microbial biomass C, and the fungal community structure was strongly affected by SOC. Network analysis explored positive relationships between microorganisms and could increase their adaptability in relevant environments. In addition, the structural equation model (SEM) shows the relationship between microbial biomass, soil nutrients, and rice grain yield. The SEM showed that soil nutrient contents and their availability directly affect rice grain yield, while soil fungi indirectly affect grain yield through microbial biomass production and nutrient levels. Our results suggest that manure application combined with CFs altered soil biochemical traits and soil fungal community structure and counteracted some of the adverse effects of the synthetic fertilizer. Overall, the findings of this research suggest that the integrated application of CF and manure is a better approach for improving soil health and rice yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Pengli Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - He Liang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanqing Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Ligeng Jiang
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16
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Iqbal A, He L, Ali I, Yuan P, Khan A, Hua Z, Wei S, Jiang L. Partial Substation of Organic Fertilizer With Chemical Fertilizer Improves Soil Biochemical Attributes, Rice Yields, and Restores Bacterial Community Diversity in a Paddy Field. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:895230. [PMID: 35720563 PMCID: PMC9201382 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional farming systems are highly reliant on chemical fertilizers (CFs), which adversely affect soil quality, crop production and the environment. One of the major current challenges of current agriculture is finding ways to increase soil health and crop yield sustainably. Manure application as a substitute for CF is an alternative fertilization strategy for maintaining soil health and biodiversity. However, little is known about the complex response of soil bacterial communities and soil nutrients to manure and CFs application. This study reports the response of soil nutrients, rice yield, and soil microbial community structure to 2 years of continuous manure and CFs application. The study consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer control (Neg-Con); 100% CF (Pos-Con); 60% cattle manure (CM) + 40% CF (High-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (Low-CM); 60% poultry manure (PM) + 40% CF (High-PM), and 30% PM + 70% CF (Low-PM). We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to characterize the soil bacterial communities. Results revealed that the addition of manure significantly altered the soil bacterial community composition and structure; and enhanced the relative abundance of phyla Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes. Organic fertilizer treatments, particularly high CM and PM had the highest measured soil bacterial diversity of all treatments. Similarly, integrated application of manure and CFs increased the soil biochemical traits [i.e., pH, total N (TN), soil organic C (SOC), microbial biomass N (MBN), and microbial biomass C (MBC)] and rice grain yield. Average increases in SOC, TN, MBN, and MBC were 43.66, 31.57, 24.34, and 49.45%, respectively, over the years in the High-PM compared with Pos-Con. Redundancy analysis showed that the dominant bacteria phyla were correlated with soil pH, SOC, TN, and microbial biomass, but the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was strongly correlated with environmental factors such as soil pH, SOC, TN, and MBC. We employed a structural equation model to examine the relationship between microbial biomass, soil nutrients and grain yield among treatments. This analysis supported the hypothesis that soil nutrient content and availability directly affect rice grain yield while soil bacteria indirectly affect grain yield through microbial biomass production and nutrient levels. Overall, the findings of this research suggest that the integrated application of CF and manure is a better approach for improving soil health and rice yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liang He
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Pengli Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhang Hua
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanqing Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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17
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Sher AA, Iqbal A, Adil M, Ullah S, Bawazeer S, Binmahri MK, Zamil LZ, Irfan M. GC-MS analysis of organic fractions of Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. and their prokinetic propensity in animal models. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e260566. [PMID: 35613215 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. is herbaceous, monecious annual plant used traditionally to cure gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was carried out to find the bioactive compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential acute toxicity, and emetic activity present in the ethyl acetate fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (EAFCT) and dichloromethane fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (DCMFCT). The compounds detected in both fractions were mostly fatty acids, with about seven compounds in EAFCT and 10 in DCMFCT. These included pharmacologically active compounds such as imipramine, used to treat depression, or hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, an antioxidant, nematicide, pesticide, hypocholesterolemic, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- is used as a cancer preventive, antiarthritic, antihistaminic, hepatoprotective, insectifuge, nematicide, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester have antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, 10-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester have the property to decrease blood cholesterol, Antioxidant and antimicrobial, 1-Eicosanol is used as an antibacterial, 1-Hexadecene has antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Both DCMFCT and EAFCT fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with IC50 values of 10 µg and 130 µg, respectively. Both the fractions were found to be toxic in a dose-dependent manner, inducing emesis at 0.5g onward and lethargy and mortality from 3-5 g upwards. Both the fractions combined with distilled water showed highly emetic activity. The significant increase in the number of vomits was shown by EAFCT plus distilled water which are 7.50±1.29, 7.25±3.10, and 11.75±2.22 number of vomits at 1g, 2g, and 3g/kg concentration respectively, while DCMFCT plus distilled water showed 5.25±2.22, 7.50±2.52 and 10.25±2.22 number of vomits at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg correspondingly. The antiemetic standard drug metoclopramide has a higher impact against the emesis induced by both the fractions than dimenhydrinate. Metoclopramide decreases the number of vomits caused by EAFCT to 1.00±0.00, 2.00±0.00, 4.00±1.00 at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg sequentially, while dimenhydrinate decreases the number of vomits to 1.33±0.58, 2.33±1.15, 4.33±0.58 at 1g, 2, and 3g respectively. In the same way, Metochloprimide decreases the number of emesis caused by DcmCt from 5.25±2.22, 7.50±2.52, 10.25±2.22 to 1.33±0.58, 2.33±1.1, 4.33±0.58 at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg concentrations. The present study is the first documented report that scientifically validates the folkloric use of Chrozophora tinctoria as an emetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sher
- Islamia College University, Deparment of Botany, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- Islamia College University, Deparment of Botany, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Adil
- Qurtaba University Peshawar, Department of Botany, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Islamia College University, Deparment of Botany, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Bawazeer
- Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M K Binmahri
- Ministry of Health, Rabigh General Hospital, Emergency Department, Peshawar, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Z Zamil
- Ministry of Health King abdulaziz hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Irfan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Botany, Mardan, Pakistan.,University of Swabi, Department of Botany, Swabi, Pakistan.,Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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18
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Khan MA, Basir A, Fahad S, Adnan M, Saleem MH, Iqbal A, Amanullah, Al-Huqail AA, Alosaimi AA, Saud S, Liu K, Harrison MT, Nawaz T. Biochar Optimizes Wheat Quality, Yield, and Nitrogen Acquisition in Low Fertile Calcareous Soil Treated With Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizers. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:879788. [PMID: 35592582 PMCID: PMC9113045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Crop quality and nutrient uptake are considerably influenced by fertilizers inputs and their application rate. Biochar (BC) improves nitrogen uptake and crop productivity. However, its interaction with synthetic and organic fertilizers in calcareous soil is not fully recognized. Therefore, we inspected the role of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha-1) in improving N uptake and quality of wheat in a calcareous soil under integrated N management (90, 120, and 150 kg N ha-1) applied each from urea, farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) along with control) in 2 years field experiments. Application of 20 t BC along with 150 kg N ha-1 as poultry manure considerably improved wheat grain protein content (14.57%), grain (62.9%), straw (28.7%), and biological (38.4%) yield, grain, straw, and total N concentration by 14.6, 19.2, and 15.6% and their uptake by 84.6, 48.8, and 72.1%, respectively, over absolute control when averaged across the years. However, their impact was more pronounced in the 2nd year (2016-2017) after application compared to the 1st year (2015-2016). Therefore, for immediate crop benefits, it is recommended to use 20 t BC ha-1 once in 50 years for enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency of fertilizers and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Basir
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | | | - Anas Iqbal
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Amanullah
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A. Alosaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Agriculture College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Hu L, Cao J, Zhang M, Liu Y, Xiao Z, Iqbal A, Huang M. Assessment of the texture and digestion properties of a high amylose content rice cultivar under various water‐to‐rice ratios. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Hu
- Rice and Product Ecophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
| | - Jialin Cao
- Rice and Product Ecophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Rice and Product Ecophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
| | - Yu Liu
- Rice and Product Ecophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
| | - Zhengwu Xiao
- Rice and Product Ecophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems, College of Agriculture, Guangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Min Huang
- Rice and Product Ecophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
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Ali I, Yuan P, Ullah S, Iqbal A, Zhao Q, Liang H, Khan A, Imran, Zhang H, Wu X, Wei S, Gu M, Jiang L. Biochar Amendment and Nitrogen Fertilizer Contribute to the Changes in Soil Properties and Microbial Communities in a Paddy Field. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834751. [PMID: 35401466 PMCID: PMC8984124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar amendment can influence the abundance, activity, and community structure of soil microbes. However, scare information is present about the effect of the combined application of biochar with synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer under paddy field condition. We aimed to resolve this research gap in rice field conditions through different biochar in combination with N fertilizers on soil nutrients, soil microbial communities, and rice grain yield. The present study involves eight treatments in the form of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha-1) and N (135 and 180 kg ha-1) fertilizer amendments. The soil microbial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. Experiential findings showed that the treatments had biochar amendments along with N fertilizer significantly advanced soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial carbon (SMBC), soil microbial nitrogen (SMBN), and rice grain yield in comparison to sole N application. Furthermore, in comparison with control in the first year (2019), biochar amendment mixed with N fertilizer had more desirable relative abundance of microorganism, phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia with better relative abundance ranging from 8.49, 4.60, 46.30, and 1.51% in T7, respectively. Similarly, during 2020, bacteria phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia were resulted in higher and ranging from 8.69, 5.18, 3.5, 1.9, 4.0, and 1.6%, in biochar applied treatments, respectively, as compared to control (T1). Among the treatments, Sphingopyxis and Thiobacillus bacterial genus were in higher proportion in T7 and T3, respectively, as compared to other treatments and Bacillus was higher in T6. Interestingly, biochar addition significantly decreased the soil fungi phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Rozellomycota, in 2020 as compared to 2019. Whereas biochar addition to soil decreased Echria, Kohlmeyeriopsis, and Westerdykella fungal genus as compared to non-biochar treatments. The redundancy analysis showed that soil biochemical traits were positively correlated with soil bacteria. In addition, correlation analysis showed that soil bacteria including Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria strongly correlated with rice grain yield. This study demonstrated that soil nutrients and bacteria contribute to an increase in rice yield in combined biochar amendment with lower N treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Ali
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Pengli Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - He Liang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Imran
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanqing Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Minghua Gu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Awan F, Ali MM, Afridi IQ, Kalsoom S, Firyal S, Nawaz S, Akhtar R, Iqbal A, Saeed S, Naseer R, Mehmood T, Luqman N, Ahmad H, Sadia H, Taseer MSA, Khan AR, Rafique N. Drinking water quality of various sources in Peshawar, Mardan, Kohat and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e255755. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The present study involves the chemical and bacteriological analysis of water from different sources i.e., bore, wells, bottle, and tap, from Peshawar, Mardan, Swat and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. From each district, 50 water samples (10 samples from each source), regardless of urban and rural status, were collected from these sources and analysed for sulphates, nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, total soluble solids and coliforms (E. coli). Results indicated that majority of the water sources had unacceptable E. coli count i.e.> 34 CFU/100mL. E. coli positive samples were high in Mardan District, followed by Kohat, Swat and Peshawar district. Besides this, the some water sources were also chemically contaminated by different inorganic fertilizers (nitrates/nitrites of sodium, potassium) but under safe levels whereas agricultural and industrial wastes (chloride and sulphate compounds) were in unsafe range. Among all districts, the water quality was found comparatively more deteriorated in Kohat and Mardan districts than Peshawar and Swat districts. Such chemically and bacteriologically unfit water sources for drinking and can cause human health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Awan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. M. Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - S. Kalsoom
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - S. Firyal
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Nawaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - R. Akhtar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Iqbal
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Saeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - R. Naseer
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - T. Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - N. Luqman
- Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Pakistan
| | - H.M. Ahmad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - H. Sadia
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - A. R. Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - N. Rafique
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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22
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Ali I, Ullah S, Iqbal A, Quan Z, Liang H, Ahmad S, Muhammad I, Guo Z, Wei S, Jiang L. Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promotes the activity of starch metabolism enzymes and the expression of related genes in rice in a dual cropping system. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:600. [PMID: 34922452 PMCID: PMC8684189 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overuse of chemical fertilizer highly influences grain filling rate and quality of rice grain. Biochar is well known for improving plant growth and grain yield under lower chemical fertilization. Therefore field trials were conducted in the early and late seasons of 2019 at Guangxi University, China to investigate the effects of combined biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) application on rice yield and yield components. There were a total of eight treatments: N1B0, 135 kg N ha- 1+ 0 t B ha- 1; N2B0,180 kg N ha- 1+ 0 t B ha- 1; N1B1,135 kg N ha- 1+ 10 t B ha- 1; N1B2,135kg N ha- 1+ 20 t B ha- 1; N1B3,135 kg N ha- 1+ 30 t B ha- 1; N2B1,180 kg N ha- 1+ 10 t B ha- 1; N2B2,180 kg N ha- 1+ 20 t B ha- 1; and N2B3,180 kg N ha- 1+ 30 t B ha- 1. RESULTS Biochar application at 30 t ha- 1combined with low N application (135 kg ha- 1) increased the activity of starch-metabolizing enzymes (SMEs) during the early and late seasons compared with treatments without biochar. The grain yield, amylose concentration, and starch content of rice were increased in plots treated with 30 t B ha-1and low N. RT-qPCR analysis showed that biochar addition combined with N fertilizer application increased the expression of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b, which increased the activity of SMEs during the grain-filling period. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the use of 20 to 30 t B ha- 1coupled with 135 kg N ha- 1 is optimal for improving the grain yield and quality of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Ali
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao Quan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - He Liang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zixiong Guo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shangqing Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Zeeshan M, Hu YX, Iqbal A, Salam A, Liu YX, Muhammad I, Ahmad S, Khan AH, Hale B, Wu HY, Zhou XB. Amelioration of AsV toxicity by concurrent application of ZnO-NPs and Se-NPs is associated with differential regulation of photosynthetic indexes, antioxidant pool and osmolytes content in soybean seedling. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 225:112738. [PMID: 34481352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a significant food safety and environmental concern due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effect on living organism. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) is a global staple crop grown intensively in arsenic-contaminated regions of the world (e.g., Southern Province of China). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether Se-NPs and/or ZnO-NPs could be used as an eco-friendly and efficient amendment to reduce arsenic uptake and toxicity in soybean. Ten-days-old seedling, grown in vermiculite, were transferred to hydroponic media and further grown till V2 growth stage appeared. AsV (25 μM Na2HAsO4) stressed plants were treated with ZnONP (25 μM ZnO) and SeNP (25 μM Se) separately and in combination, which were grown for another 10 d. The result demonstrated that arsenic-treated soybean plants displayed a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency, increased proline and glycine betaine accumulation in tissues, and altered antioxidant activity compared to an untreated control. The application of zinc oxide and selenium nanoparticles, both independently and in tandem, reduced arsenic stress in root and shoot tissues and rescued plant health. This was reflected through increased levels of reduced glutathione content, ascorbic acid, and various photosynthesis- and antioxidant-relevant enzymes. In addition, nanoparticle-treated soybean plants displayed higher expression of defense- and detoxification-related genes compared to controls. Cellular toxicants (i.e., oxidized glutathione, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde) were reduced upon nanoparticle treatment. These data collectively suggest that selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles may be a solution to ameliorate arsenic toxicity in agricultural soils and crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Xin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xin Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Brett Hale
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Hai Yan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Munsif F, Kong X, Khan A, Shah T, Arif M, Jahangir M, Akhtar K, Tang D, Zheng J, Liao X, Faisal S, Ali I, Iqbal A, Ahmad P, Zhou R. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in isonuclear kenaf genotypes under salt stress. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:1295-1308. [PMID: 33135207 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a potential abiotic stress and globally threatens crop productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance with respect to cytoplasmic effect, gene expression, and metabolism pathway under salt stress have not yet been reported in isonuclear kenaf genotypes. To fill this knowledge gap, growth, physiological, biochemical, transcriptome, and cytoplasm changes in kenaf cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line (P3A) and its iso-nuclear maintainer line (P3B) under 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) stress and control conditions were analyzed. Salt stress significantly reduced leaf soluble protein, soluble sugars, proline, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymatic activity, and induced oxidative damage in terms of higher MDA contents in both genotypes. The reduction of these parameters resulted in a reduced plant growth compared with control. However, P3A was relatively more tolerant to salt stress than P3B. This tolerance of P3A was further confirmed by improved physio-biochemical traits under salt stress conditions. Transcriptome analysis showed that 4256 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two genotypes under salt stress were identified. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that photosynthesis, photosynthesis antenna-protein, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways might be associated with the improved NaCl stress tolerance in P3A. Conclusively, P3A cytoplasmic male sterile could be a potential salt-tolerant material for future breeding program of kenaf and can be used for phytoremediation of salt-affected soils. These data provide a valuable resource on the cytoplasmic effect of salt-responsive genes in kenaf and salt stress tolerance in kenaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Munsif
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Tariq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaofang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Shah Faisal
- College of Agronomy Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 71200, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ruiyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
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25
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Masud R, Khan AUH, Baqai HZ, Iqbal A. The Correlation of MTHFR SNPs, Homocysteine, and Conventional Risk Predictors with Coronary Artery Disease. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Khan M, Iqbal A. 1549 Patient Perception on Hand Trauma Management Through a Plastic Surgery Trauma Clinic. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
We assessed patient perceptions of hand trauma management through a plastic surgery trauma clinic. We also assessed effects of educating patients about outcomes of their condition on their desire to have prompt surgery.
Method
A prospective survey review was conducted at our plastic surgery trauma clinic. Patients included were those referred due to simple hand trauma. Any patients needing urgent admissions were excluded. An anonymous survey assessing patient perceptions before and after education about delay in surgery was distributed.
Results
Of 100 patients, there were mixed expectations regarding trauma clinic; 38% (n = 38) expect an operation, 32% (n = 32) expect no operation and 30% (n = 30) expect either option. 90% (n = 90) expect surgery within a week (50% n = 50) or within a day (40% n = 40); 10% expect it (n = 10) within a few weeks. After educating patients about no negative effects on their condition from surgical delay, 43% (n = 17) fewer patients desired surgery within a day, and 8% (n = 3) fewer patients desired surgery within a week. 190% (n = 19) more patients were willing to have surgery within a few weeks. 79% (n = 79) would rather come back at a guaranteed surgical slot than stay in hospital until a slot is available. 72% (n = 72) considered knowledge about long-term outcomes associated with surgical delay to influence their decision more than anaesthetic type (12% n = 12) and personal circumstances (16% n = 16).
Conclusions
If appropriate patients are assured that their condition will not be affected by surgical delay, fewer patients may stay in hospital with financial benefits of reduced bed occupancy and reduced covid risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khan
- Whiston Hospital, Whiston, United Kingdom
| | - A Iqbal
- Whiston Hospital, Whiston, United Kingdom
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27
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Hussain Z, Sun Y, Shah SH, Khan H, Ali S, Iqbal A, Zia MA, Ali SS. The dynamics of genome size and GC contents evolution in genus Nicotiana. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245372. [PMID: 34669791 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and Polyploidization are most common of the phenomenon observed in plants, especially in the genus Nicotiana leading to the duplication of genome. Although genomic changes associated with these events has been studied at various levels but the genome size and GC content variation is less understood because of absence of sufficient genomic data. In this study the flow cytometry technique was used to uncover the genome size and GC contents of 46 Nicotiana species and we compared the genomic changes associated with the hybridization events along evolutionary time scale. The genome size among Nicotiana species varied between 3.28 pg and 11.88 pg whereas GC contents varied between 37.22% and 51.25%. The tetraploid species in genus Nicotiana including section Polydiclae, Repandae, Nicotiana, Rustica and Sauveolentes revealed both up and downsizing in their genome sizes when compared to the sum of genomes of their ancestral species. The genome sizes of three homoploid hybrids were found near their ancestral species. Loss of large genome sequence was observed in the evolutionary more aged species (>10 Myr) as compared to the recently evolved one's (<0.2 Myr). The GC contents were found homogenous with a mean difference of 2.46% among the Nicotiana species. It is concluded that genome size change appeared in either direction whereas the GC contents were found more homogenous in genus Nicotiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hussain
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Y Sun
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - S H Shah
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Khan
- Quid-e-Azam University, Department of Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M A Zia
- National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology - NIGAB, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S S Ali
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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28
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Muhammad S, Maqbool MF, Al-Sehemi AG, Iqbal A, Khan M, Ullah S, Khan MT. A threefold approach including quantum chemical, molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies to explore the natural compounds from Centaurea jacea as the potential inhibitors for COVID-19. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247604. [PMID: 34495156 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current report, we studied the possible inhibitors of COVID-19 from bioactive constituents of Centaurea jacea using a threefold approach consisting of quantum chemical, molecular docking and molecular dynamic techniques. Centaurea jacea is a perennial herb often used in folk medicines of dermatological complaints and fever. Moreover, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral properties of its bioactive compounds are also reported. The Mpro (Main proteases) was docked with different compounds of Centaurea jacea through molecular docking. All the studied compounds including apigenin, axillarin, Centaureidin, Cirsiliol, Eupatorin and Isokaempferide, show suitable binding affinities to the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease with their binding energies -6.7 kcal/mol, -7.4 kcal/mol, -7.0 kcal/mol, -5.8 kcal/mol, -6.2 kcal/mol and -6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Among all studied compounds, axillarin was found to have maximum inhibitor efficiency followed by Centaureidin, Isokaempferide, Apigenin, Eupatorin and Cirsiliol. Our results suggested that axillarin binds with the most crucial catalytic residues CYS145 and HIS41 of the Mpro, moreover axillarin shows 5 hydrogen bond interactions and 5 hydrophobic interactions with various residues of Mpro. Furthermore, the molecular dynamic calculations over 60 ns (6×106 femtosecond) time scale also shown significant insights into the binding effects of axillarin with Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 by imitating protein like aqueous environment. From molecular dynamic calculations, the RMSD and RMSF computations indicate the stability and dynamics of the best docked complex in aqueous environment. The ADME properties and toxicity prediction analysis of axillarin also recommended it as safe drug candidate. Further, in vivo and in vitro investigations are essential to ensure the anti SARS-CoV-2 activity of all bioactive compounds particularly axillarin to encourage preventive use of Centaurea jacea against COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muhammad
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Physics, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M F Maqbool
- University of the Punjab, Department of Zoology, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A G Al-Sehemi
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,King Khalid University, Research Center for Advanced Material Science - RCAMS, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Iqbal
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- University of the Punjab, Department of Zoology, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M T Khan
- The University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - IMBB, Lahore, Pakistan
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29
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Ali K, Iqbal A, Bukhari SM, Safdar S, Raiz A, Ali W, Hussain A, Javid A, Hussain M, Ali MM, Mahmud A, Iqbal MJ, Nasir MF, Mubeen I, Kanwal S, Sughra F, Khattak A, Saleem M. Amelioration potential of Moringa oleifera extracts against sodium arsenate induced embryotoxicity and genotoxicity in mouse (Mus musculus). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248022. [PMID: 34468531 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that arsenic crosses the placenta and affects the fetus development. The study under consideration aims to show comparative ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf and flower extracts against sodium arsenate induced fetus toxicity of mice. Pregnant mice (N=44) were kept in lab and divided into eleven group from (A to K) and were orally administered the doses 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg for sodium arsenate, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MOLE) and 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera flower extracts (MOFE) comparing with control. The investigation revealed evident reduction in the fetuses weight, hind limb, fore limb, tail and snout length, crown rump and head circumferences well as malformations in tail, feet, arms, legs, skin and eyes in the negative control group (only administered with sodium arsenate). Co-administration of sodium arsenate with MOLE and MOFE ameliorate the reversed effect of sodium arsenate on the shape, length, body weight and DNA damage of fetus significantly at 95% confidence interval. However, Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed more significant results in comparison to Moringa oleifera flower extract. Hence concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorated the embryo toxic effects of sodium arsenate and can be used against environmental teratogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ali
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Bukhari
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Safdar
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Raiz
- Department of Zoology, GC Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - W Ali
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Javid
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M M Ali
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Poultry Production, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M J Iqbal
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Zoology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M F Nasir
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Zoology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - I Mubeen
- Government College University, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Kanwal
- University of Okara, Department of Zoology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - F Sughra
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Division of Science & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Khattak
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Saleem
- Department of Zoology, Virtual University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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30
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Mustafa G, Iqbal A, Javid A, Hussain A, Bukhari SM, Ali W, Saleem M, Azam SM, Sughra F, Ali A, Rehman KU, Andleeb S, Sadiq N, Hussain SM, Ahmad A, Ahmad U. Variations in nutritional profile of honey produced by various species of genus Apis. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246651. [PMID: 34378683 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal attributes of honey appears to overshadow its importance as a functional food. Consequently, several literatures are rife with ancient uses of honey as complementary and alternative medicine, with relevance to modern day health care, supported by evidence-based clinical data, with little attention given to honey's nutritional functions. The moisture contents of honey extracted from University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore honey bee farm was 12.19% while that of natural source was 9.03 ± 1.63%. Similarly, ash and protein contents of farmed honey recorded were 0.37% and 5.22%, respectively. Whereas ash and protein contents of natural honey were 1.70 ± 1.98% and 6.10 ± 0.79%. Likewise fat, dietary fiber and carbohydrates contents of farmed source documented were 0.14%, 1.99% and 62.26% respectively. Although fat, dietary fiber and carbohydrates contents of honey taken from natural resource were 0.54 ± 0.28%, 2.76 ± 1.07% and 55.32 ± 2.91% respectively. Glucose and fructose contents of honey taken out from honeybee farm were 27% and 34% but natural source were 22.50 ± 2.12% and 28.50 ± 3.54%. Glucose and fructose contents of honey taken out from honeybee farm were 27% and 34% but natural source were 22.50 ± 2.12% and 28.50 ± 3.54%. Similarly, sucrose and maltose contents of farmed honey were 2.5% and 12% while in natural honey were 1.35 ± 0.49% and 8.00 ± 1.41% respectively. The present study indicates that such as moisture, carbohydrates, sucrose and maltose contents were higher farmed honey as compared to the natural honey. In our recommendation natural honey is better than farmed honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mustafa
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Javid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Bukhari
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - W Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Saleem
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Azam
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Sughra
- University of Education, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - K Ur Rehman
- Govt. College Women University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sailkot, Pakistan
| | - S Andleeb
- Govt. College Women University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sailkot, Pakistan
| | - N Sadiq
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Hussain
- Government College University, Department of Zoology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Ahmad
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Para-Veterinary Institute, Karor, Layyah (Sub-Campus), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - U Ahmad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
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31
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Kalim B, Ali NM, Iqbal A, Zahid MT, Rehman S, Bashir N, Ali R. Modulating the production of xylanase by Bacillus pumilus BS131 through optimization using waste fiber sludge. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e243874. [PMID: 34378658 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent days, cheapest alternative carbon source for fermentation purpose is desirable to minimize production cost. Xylanases have become attractive enzymes as their potential in bio-bleaching of pulp and paper industry. The objective of the present study was to identify the potential ability on the xylanase production by locally isolated Bacillus pumilus BS131 by using waste fiber sludge and wheat bran media under submerged fermentation. Culture growth conditions were optimized to obtain significant amount of xylanase. Maximum xylanase production was recorded after 72 hours of incubation at 30 °C and 7 pH with 4.0% substrate concentration. In the nutshell, the production of xylanase using inexpensive waste fiber sludge and wheat-bran as an alternative in place of expensive xylan substrate was more cost effective and environment friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kalim
- GC University, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Laboratories, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - N M Ali
- GC University, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Laboratories, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wild Life and Ecology, Developmental Biology Laboratories, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M T Zahid
- GC University, Department of Zoology, Molecular Biology Laboratories, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Rehman
- GC University, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Laboratories, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - N Bashir
- GC University, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Laboratories, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Ali
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Biochemistry Laboratories, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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32
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Siddiqui IA, Botchu R, Dalavaye SK, Iqbal A. Skeletal scintigraphy for a patient with a hip fracture. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:1715-1716. [PMID: 33410961 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I A Siddiqui
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.
| | - R Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S K Dalavaye
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - A Iqbal
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
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33
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Siddiqui IA, Botchu R, Dalavaye SK, Iqbal A. Skeletal scintigraphy for a patient with a hip fracture. Post-operative ischaemic lower limb. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:1735-1737. [PMID: 33410962 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I A Siddiqui
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.
| | - R Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S K Dalavaye
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - A Iqbal
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
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34
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Baamer RM, Iqbal A, Lobo DN, Knaggs RD, Levy NA, Toh LS. O39 Unidimensional and functional pain assessment tools in postoperative adult patients: a systematic review of their development and utility. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab282.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Verbal descriptor scale, and faces pain scale are used to measure postoperative pain in adults. However, their utility in this population has not been reviewed systematically. We aimed to summarise and appraise the evidence relating to the measurement properties of unidimensional tools when used for this population and to identify available tools assessing the impact of pain on the restoration of function.
Method
Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched up to August 2020 for relevant studies. Two reviewers independently screened articles and assessed risk of bias using the COensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist.
Result
Thirty-one studies were included. Only one study included an objective pain score; a tool assessing pain interference with function and reported low-quality evidence for construct validity. Studies looked at unidimensional tools were underpinned by low or very low-quality evidence for reliability, and all displayed a low quality of evidence of indeterminate responsiveness. Measurement error was only reported for VAS in one study of moderate quality. Interpretability results were available only for VAS and NRS. Feasibility results varied based on the included population.
Conclusion
Despite the extensive use of unidimensional tools, there is no evidence to suggest that any of these tools has superior measurement properties for postoperative pain. Therefore, future studies should be prioritised to assess their validity, measurement error and responsiveness. Validation studies of pain assessment tools that promote function are needed.
Take-home Message
Take home message: Functional pain scores should be assessed and validated for postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Baamer
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Iqbal
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D N Lobo
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R D Knaggs
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - N A Levy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St. Edmunds, UK
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35
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Wu K, Ali I, Xie H, Ullah S, Iqbal A, Wei S, He L, Huang Q, Wu X, Cheng F, Jiang L. Impact of fertilization with reducing in nitrogen and phosphorous application on growth, yield and biomass accumulation of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) under a dual cropping system. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11668. [PMID: 34277148 PMCID: PMC8272461 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely affect soil quality and crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application rate on the growth, yield, and yield components of rice cultivars in the Binyang, Beiliu and Liucheng sites of southern China in the early (March to July) and late season (August to December). The study consisted of three fertilization regimes—CK (N0P0); N180P90 (180 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) and N90P45 (90 kg N ha−1 + 45 kg P2O5)—conducted at each of three different experimental sites with four cultivars (Baixang 139, Y Liangyou 1, Guiyu 9, and Teyou 582). Results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) was 38.8% found higher in Guiyu 9 compared with Baxiang at reduced fertilization (N90P45). N90P45 resulted higher dry matter production at the heading (9411.2 kg ha−1) and maturity (15319.5 kg ha−1) stages in Teyou 582 at Beiliu. Fertilization (N180P90) had higher effective panicle number (4,158,800 panicle ha−1) and grains panicle−1 (113.84 grains) compared with other treatments. Teyou 582 treated with N90P45 and Y Liangyou 1 treated with N180P90 improved seed setting rate average by 82.91% and 72.17% compared with other treatments at Beiliu in both seasons, respectively. N0P0 and N90P45 increased the thousand-grain weight (TGW) of Y Liangyou 1 at Binyang (27.07 g) and Liucheng (27.84 g) during the early and late seasons, respectively. In Beiliu, the N90P45 treatment (6611.7 kg ha−1) of Teyou 582 increased grain yield compared with other treatments. Overall, our results suggested that reducing N and P at the ratio of 90:45 kg ha−1 in Teyou 582 and Y Liangyou 1 could increase rice grain yield and yield components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shangqing Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liang He
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - QianYing Huang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institutes, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fangwei Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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36
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Ahmad S, Kamran M, Zhou X, Ahmad I, Meng X, Javed T, Iqbal A, Wang G, Su W, Wu X, Ahmad P, Han Q. Melatonin improves the seed filling rate and endogenous hormonal mechanism in grains of summer maize. Physiol Plant 2021; 172:1059-1072. [PMID: 33206390 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable precipitation and water deficit conditions in semiarid regions significantly reduce the yield of summer maize. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators can be used as a strategy to enhance plant stress tolerance and improve the growth and yield of maize under semiarid conditions. Here, we studied the protective role of melatonin application on maize yield using grain filling rate and hormonal crosstalk in maize grains. In the first field experiment, seeds were soaked with melatonin at a concentration of 0 (SM0 ), 25 (SM1 ), 50 (SM2 ), and 75 μM (SM3 ) μM. In contrast, in the second experiment, melatonin was applied on the foliage at the ninth leaf stage at a concentration of 0 (FM0 ), 25 (FM1 ), 50 (FM2 ), and 75 (FM3 ) μM. Our findings showed that melatonin treatments as seed soaking significantly increased single seed weight, seed filling rate in superior, medium and inferior seeds by regulating the hormone levels compared to foliar application. Application of melatonin significantly increased the zeatin+zeatin riboside (Z+ZR), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA) contents. However, it significantly inhibited the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) during the seed filling period. The content of Z+ZR, IAA, and GA was positively correlated with the maximum seed filling rate, seed weight, and mean filling rate in middle, superior and lower seeds, while the ABA was negatively correlated. The ABA content in inferior seeds was positively correlated with the maximum and mean seed filling rate. In semiarid regions, melatonin treatment of SM2 and FM2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100-grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunbo Zhou
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tehseen Javed
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wennan Su
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Pune, India
| | - Qingfang Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Khan R, Ma X, Zhang J, Wu X, Iqbal A, Wu Y, Zhou L, Wang S. Circular drought-hardening confers drought tolerance via modulation of the antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, and gene expression in tobacco. Physiol Plant 2021; 172:1073-1088. [PMID: 33755204 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress hinders the growth and development of crop plants and ultimately its productivity. It is expected that drought stress will be frequent and intense in the future due to drastic changes in the global climate. It is necessary to make crop plants more resilient to drought stress through various techniques; drought-hardening is one of them. Defining various metabolic strategies used by tobacco plants to confer drought tolerance will be important for maintaining plant physiological functions, but studies addressing this topic are limited. This study was designed to elucidate the drought tolerance and adaptation strategies used by tobacco plants via the application of different circular drought-hardening cycles (control: no drought-hardening, T1: one cycle of drought hardening, T2: two cycles of drought-hardening, and T3: three cycles of drought-hardening) to two tobacco varieties namely Honghuadajinyuan (H) and Yun Yan-100 (Y). The results revealed that drought-hardening decreased the fresh and dry biomass of the tobacco plants. The decrease was more pronounced in the T3 treatment for both H (23 and 29%, respectively) and Y (26 and 31%, respectively) under drought stress. The MDA contents, especially in T1 and T2 in both varieties, were statistically similar compared with control under drought stress. Similarly, higher POD, APX, and GR activities were observed, especially in T3, and elevated amounts of AsA and GSH were also observed among the different circular drought-hardening treatments under drought stress. Thus circular drought-hardening mitigated the oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated the content of antioxidant substances, a key metabolic strategy under drought stress. Similarly, another important plant metabolic strategy is the osmotic adjustment. Different circular drought-hardening treatments improved the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars contents which contributed to osmoregulation. Finally, at the molecular level, circular drought-hardening improved the transcript levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (CAT, APX1, and GR2), proline and polyamines biosynthesis-related genes (P5CS1 and ADC2), and ABA signaling (SnRK2), and transcription factors (AREB1 and WRKY6) in response to drought stress. As a result, circular drought-hardening (T2 and T3 treatments) promoted tolerance to water stress via affecting the anti-oxidative capacity, osmotic adjustment, and regulation of gene expression in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
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Burns AD, Alghamadi R, Iqbal A, Davies T, Lane D, Patel P, Gupta P. Urine Concentration Does Not Affect Biochemical Testing for Non-adherence. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 45:e1-e5. [PMID: 33300570 PMCID: PMC7953415 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable risk factor causing cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, non-adherence to antihypertensive medications is frequently observed in hypertensive patients and can lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Until recently, there was no robust clinical method to objectively diagnose non-adherence. Recently, the detection of medications in urine or blood by mass spectrometry techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) has been accepted as the diagnostic method of choice for the detection of non-adherence. Despite this, it is unclear whether the concentration of urine can affect the detection of medications in urine. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of urine concentration on detection of antihypertensive medications by LC–MS-MS in which urine creatinine is used as an independent marker of urine concentration. Biochemical adherence results for 22 different medications (1,709 prescriptions) in 463 different subjects were converted to an adherence score. The adherence score was defined as the ratio of the total number of subjects in which the drug was detected to the total number of subjects to whom the drug was prescribed. The adherence scores for each medication were correlated with urine creatinine concentration for each medication. Non-adherence was observed in 47.1% of samples with a mean urine creatinine concentration of these samples of 9.4 ± 7.1 mmol/L. There was no significant difference between the urine creatinine concentrations in the detected vs non-detected groups for each of the 22 medications. Furthermore, there are no differences in adherence scores across the urine creatinine concentration. This is the first study to demonstrate that urine creatinine concentration does not affect the results of the adherence screening by LC–MS-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Burns
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - R Alghamadi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - A Iqbal
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK.,Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - T Davies
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - D Lane
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - P Patel
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
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Singh S, Goel S, Iqbal A. Anatomical segment 4b/5 resection for gall bladder cancer using intraoperative ultrasound. J Visc Surg 2021; 158:253-257. [PMID: 33896696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of GI and HPB Oncosurgery, Rajiv-Gandhi cancer Institute and research centre, Delhi, India.
| | - S Goel
- Department of GI and HPB Oncosurgery, Rajiv-Gandhi cancer Institute and research centre, Delhi, India
| | - A Iqbal
- Department of GI and HPB Oncosurgery, Rajiv-Gandhi cancer Institute and research centre, Delhi, India
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Iqbal A, Toh LS, Knaggs RD, Anderson C. Factors promoting self-medication and irrational use of opioids in chronic non-malignant pain management in Pakistan: A qualitative in-depth investigation. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riab015.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In many Lower and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) people self-medicate, with non-prescription and prescription drugs both of which are easily available over the counter (1). One of the most common causes for self-medication is chronic pain (2). The role of community pharmacists becomes critical especially in LMICs where medicines are freely available and pharmacists are directly involved in supply of opioid medicines. Unresolved, prolonged chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) may lead to self-medication with opioid analgesics and can cause irrational use of opioids. The complications of self-medication with opioids are vast in terms of both scarce resources and adverse clinical consequences such as adverse drug reactions, drug interactions and mortality associated with the diversion from intended use of opioid medicines. Self- medication with opioid analgesics in LMICs have not been explored before.
Aim
This study was designed to explore the factors that might contribute in promoting self-medication and irrational opioid medicine use in CNMP management and exploring potential roles of community pharmacists in stopping/avoiding self-medication with opioids in one LMIC, Pakistan.
Method
Qualitative interviews involving various stakeholders such as pharmacy policy makers (n=10) and people suffering from CNMP (n=12) were conducted. Additionally, focus groups were conducted with community pharmacists (n=38) and doctors (n=30). A semi-structured interview guide was drafted after an extensive literature review and was used for individual interviews and focus groups for each stakeholder respectively. The study duration was from December 2019 to July 2020. Critical case sampling, a type of purposive sampling, was done in order to promote applicability to other cases. Data was analysed using a CAQDAS software N-vivo 12, using thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained.
Results
Non-availability of community pharmacists in all pharmacies and lack of medication review services are amongst the major factors that are contributing towards self-medication of opioid medicines. Additionally, lack of awareness of people about opioid medicines and absence of strict laws regarding sale of opioid medicines under a valid prescription allows easy availability and promotes aberrant drug seeking behaviour. These factors contribute towards people not seeking professional health care services for the management of CNMP and continue self-medicating with opioid medicines. As a result, they do not get effective analgesic relief and waste limited financial resources. The major themes and sub-themes are presented in Table 1.
Conclusion
Self-medication with opioid medicines can cause irrational, inappropriate, and ineffective use of medicines and can additionally burden the limited financial resources available for health care needs. This in-depth exploratory study identifies many barriers that can promote self-medication with opioids and recognises a need for a multi-faceted intervention involving community pharmacists to promote rational opioid medicine use. However, major limitations of the proposed intervention identified from this study are the absence of integrated health systems and under-utilisation of community pharmacy workforce. The government needs to invest in infrastructure development, develop new health policies regarding medicine sale and build the role and capacity of pharmacy workforce to perform specialised roles in public safety especially in opioid medicines.
References
1. Bennadi D. Self-medication: A current challenge. Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy. 2013;5(1):19.
2. Kaushal J, Gupta MC, Jindal P, Verma S. Self-medication patterns and drug use behavior in housewives belonging to the middle income group in a city in northern India. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian association of preventive & social medicine. 2012;37(1):16.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iqbal
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - L S Toh
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R D Knaggs
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Primary Integrated Community Solutions, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - C Anderson
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Ullah S, Zhao Q, Wu K, Ali I, Liang H, Iqbal A, Wei S, Cheng F, Ahmad S, Jiang L, Gillani SW, Amanullah, Anwar S, Khan Z. Biochar application to rice with 15N-labelled fertilizers, enhanced leaf nitrogen concentration and assimilation by improving morpho-physiological traits and soil quality. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3399-3413. [PMID: 34121878 PMCID: PMC8176087 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf nitrogen (N) concentration plays an important role in biochemical and physiological functions, and N availability directly influences rice yield. However, excessive N fertilization is considered to be a root cause of environmental issues and low nitrogen use efficiency. Therefore, the selection of appropriate nutrient management practices and organic amendments is key to maximizing nitrogen uptake and maintaining high and sustainable rice production. Here, we evaluated the effects of different 15N-labelled nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate at 315 kg ha-1) with or without biochar (30 t ha-1) on paddy soil properties, root growth, leaf gas exchange, N metabolism enzymes, and N uptake in the early and late seasons of 2019. We found significant differences among N fertilizer sources applied with or without biochar (P < 0.05). Across the seasons, the combination of biochar with N fertilizers significantly increased soil organic carbon by 51.21% and nitrogen availability by 27.51% compared with N fertilizers alone. Correlation analysis showed that rice root morphological traits were strongly related to soil chemical properties, and higher root growth was measured in the biochar treatments. Similarly, net leaf photosynthetic rate averaged 9.34% higher, chlorophyll (Chl) a concentration 12.91% higher, and Chl b concentration 10.05% higher in the biochar treatments than in the biochar-free treatments across the seasons. Notably, leaf 15N concentration was 23.19% higher in the biochar treatments in both seasons. These results illustrated higher activities of N metabolism enzymes such as NR, GS, and GOGAT by an average 23.44%, 11.26% and 18.16% in the biochar treatments across the seasons, respectively. The addition of biochar with synthetic N fertilizers is an ecological nutrient management strategy that can increase N uptake and assimilation by ameliorating soil properties and improving the morpho-physiological factors of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - He Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shanqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fangwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Syeda Wajeeha Gillani
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Amanullah
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Shazma Anwar
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Zaid Khan
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
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Bernjak A, Novodvorsky P, Chow E, Iqbal A, Sellors L, Williams S, Fawdry RA, Marques JLB, Jacques RM, Campbell MJ, Sheridan PJ, Heller SR. Cardiac arrhythmias and electrophysiologic responses during spontaneous hyperglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab 2021; 47:101237. [PMID: 33647473 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2021.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM We examined the effect of spontaneous hyperglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and without history of cardiovascular disease on heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac repolarisation and incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. METHODS Thirty-seven individuals with T1DM (age 17-50 years, 19 males, mean duration of diabetes 19.3 SD(9.6) years) underwent 96 h of simultaneous ambulatory 12-lead Holter ECG and blinded continuous interstitial glucose (IG) monitoring (CGM). HRV, QT interval and cardiac repolarisation were assessed during hyperglycaemia (IG ≥ 15 mmol/l) and compared with matched euglycaemia (IG 5-10 mmol/l) on a different day, separately during the day and night. Rates of arrhythmias were assessed by calculating incidence rate differences. RESULTS Simultaneous ECG and CGM data were recorded for 2395 hours. During daytime hyperglycaemia vs euglycaemia the mean QTc interval duration was 404 SD(21)ms vs 407 SD(20)ms, P = 0.263. T-peak to T-end interval duration corrected for heart rate (TpTendc) shortened: 74.8 SD(16.1)ms vs 79.0 SD(14.8)ms, P = 0.033 and T-wave symmetry increased: 1.62 SD(0.33) vs 1.50 SD(0.39), P = 0.02. During night-time hyperglycaemia vs euglycaemia, the mean QTc interval duration was 401 SD(26)ms vs 404 SD(27)ms, P = 0.13 and TpTend shortened: 62.4 SD(12.0)ms vs 67.1 SD(11.8)ms, P = 0.003. The number of cardiac arrhythmias was low and confined to bradycardia and isolated ectopic beats. A considerable inter-subject and diurnal variability was observed. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycaemia in individuals with T1DM without known cardiovascular disease was not associated with clinically important cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernjak
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - P Novodvorsky
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - E Chow
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - A Iqbal
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - L Sellors
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - S Williams
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - R A Fawdry
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - J L B Marques
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - R M Jacques
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - M J Campbell
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - P J Sheridan
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - S R Heller
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Rimner A, Yorke E, Gelblum D, Shepherd A, Guttmann D, Iqbal A, Daly R, Offin M, Fiore J, Namakydoust A, Li H, Mccune M, Gelb E, Taunk N, Von Reibnitz D, Adusumilli P, Center M, Zauderer M. MA06.08 A Safety Study of Avelumab plus SBRT in Malignant Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ahmad A, Rajaji L, Iqbal A. A novel current controller design for grid-integrated PV inverter system. SN Appl Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDistributed generators are playing a vital role in supporting the grid in ever-increasing energy demands. Grid code regulation must be followed when integrating the photovoltaic inverter system to the grid. The paper investigates and analyzes a controller model for grid-connected PV inverters to inject sinusoidal current to the grid with minimum distortion. To achieve better tracking and disturbance rejection, a DSP-based current controller is designed with LCL filter. The controller gets the current feedback from the grid, compares it with reference current, and calculates duty cycle to generate PWM pulses to trigger H-bridge converters. The grid voltage is loaded to the initial value in proposed PR controller to ensure the initial inverter voltage to match the grid voltage. The paper presents a novel current controller algorithm for grid-connected inverter system, and simulation is done. A detailed analysis has been carried out to validate the proposed design algorithm. Experimental implementation of the current controller in the DC/AC converter circuits with an LCL filter is done for 5.4 kW to validate and match the simulation model.
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Zhang J, Li F, Liao P, Khan A, Hussain I, Iqbal A, Ali I, Wei B, Jiang L. Smash ridge tillage strongly influence soil functionality, physiology and rice yield. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1297-1307. [PMID: 33613059 PMCID: PMC7878828 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of smash-ridging on dry land crop cultivation has shown much promise. However, the mechanism how does soil functionality and root traits can affect rice yield under smash ridge tillage with reduced nitrogen fertilization have not yet been explored. To fill this knowledge gap, we used three tillage methods—smash-ridging 40 cm (S40), smash-ridging 20 cm (S20), and traditional turn-over plowing 20 cm (T)—and two rice varieties (hybrid rice and conventional rice) and measured soil quality, root traits, rice yield and their correlation analysis at different growth stages. Soil physical and chemical properties were significantly improved by smash-ridging, including improvements in root morphological and physiological traits during three growth stages compared with T. S40 had the highest leaf area index (LAI), plant height (PH), and biomass accumulation (BA). Increment in biomass and panicle number (PN) resulted in higher grain yield (GY) of 6.9–9.4% compared with T. Correlation analysis revealed that root total absorption area (RTAA), root active absorption area (RAA), and root area ratio (RAR) were strongly correlated with soil quality. Root injury flow (RIF) and root biomass accumulation (RBA) were strongly correlated with LAI and above-ground plant biomass accumulation (AGBA). Conclusively, S40 is a promising option for improving soil quality, root traits, and consequently GY.
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Key Words
- AGBA, ground plant biomass accumulation
- AK, available potassium
- AN, available nitrogen
- AP, available phosphorus
- BA, biomass accumulation
- BD, bulk density
- GY, grain yield
- Grain yield
- LAI, leaf area index
- NA, nitrogen accumulation nitrogen
- NDP, dry matter productivity
- NGP, nitrogen grain productivity
- NHI, nitrogen harvest index
- NTE, nitrogen transport efficiency
- P, porosity
- PD, particle density
- PH, plant height
- PN, panicle number
- RAA, root active absorption area
- RAA, roots active absorption area
- RAR, root area ratio
- RAR, roots area ratio
- RBA, root biomass accumulation
- RIF, Root injury flow
- RSA, roots surface area
- RTAA, root total absorption area
- RTAA, roots total absorption area
- RV, roots volume
- RVL, maximum roots length per volume
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Roots traits
- Rα-NO, roots α-naphthylamine oxidation
- S20, smash-ridging 20 cm
- S40, smash-ridging 40 cm
- SOC, soil organic carbon
- Smash-ridging tillage
- Soil quality
- T, traditional turn-over plowing 20 cm
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Faqiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peizuo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Izhar Hussain
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Benhui Wei
- Commercial Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Iqbal A, Xie H, He L, Ahmad S, Hussain I, Raza H, Khan A, Wei S, Quan Z, Wu K, Ali I, Jiang L. Partial substitution of organic nitrogen with synthetic nitrogen enhances rice yield, grain starch metabolism and related genes expression under the dual cropping system. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1283-1296. [PMID: 33613058 PMCID: PMC7878691 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving grain filling in the presernt farming systems is crucial where grain filling is a concern due to the extreme use of chemical fertilizers (CF). A field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of Guangxi University, China in 2019 to test the hypothesis that cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) combined with CF could improve rice grain filling rate, yield, biochemical and qualitative attributes. A total of six treatments, i.e., no fertilizer (T1), 100% CF (T2), 60% CM + 40% CF (T3), 30% CM + 70% CF (T4), 60% PM + 40% CF (T5), and 30% PM + 70% CF (T6) were used in this study. Results showed that the combined treatment T6increased starch metabolizing enzymes activity (SMEs), such as ADP-glucose phosphorylase (ADGPase) by 8 and 12%, soluble starch synthase (SSS) by 7 and 10%, granule bound starch synthesis (GBSS) by 7 and 9%, and starch branching enzyme (SBE) by 14 and 21% in the early and late seasons, respectively, compared with T2. Similarly, higher rice grain yield, grain filling rate, starch, and amylose content were also recorded in combined treatments. In terms of seasons, higher activity of SMEs , grain starch, and amylose content was noted in the late-season compared to the early season. The increment in these traits was mainly attributed to a lower temperature in the late season during the grain filling period. Furthermore, our results suggested that an increment in starch accumulation and grain filling rate were mainly associated with the enhanced sink capacity by regulating key enzyme activities involved in Suc-to-starch conversion. In-addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed higher expression levels of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b genes, which resultantly increased the activities of SMEs during the grain filling period under combined treatments. Linear regression analysis revealed that the activity of ADGPase, SSS, GBSS, and SBE were highly positively correlated with starch and amylose accumulation. Thus, we concluded that a combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF is a promising option in terms of improving rice grain yield and quality. Our study provides a sustainable fertilizer management strategy to enhance rice grain yield and quality at the lowest environmental cost.
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Key Words
- AC, amylose content
- AGPase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
- Amylose content
- CF, chemical fertilizer
- CM, cattle manure
- DAA, days after anthesis
- DBE, starch debranching enzyme
- Enzyme
- GBBS, granule bound starch synthase
- Grain yield
- N, nitrogen
- PM, poultry manure
- Rice
- SBE, starch branching enzyme
- SS, sucrose synthase
- SSS, soluble starch synthase
- Starch synthesis
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Hussain
- Rice Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, China.,University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
| | - Haneef Raza
- University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shangqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhao Quan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems College of Agriculture, Guangxi University Nanning 530004, China
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Ali I, Ullah S, He L, Zhao Q, Iqbal A, Wei S, Shah T, Ali N, Bo Y, Adnan M, Amanullah, Jiang L. Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10311. [PMID: 33240639 PMCID: PMC7668215 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has resulted in high N loss, soil degradation, and environmental pollution in a changing climate. Soil biochar amendment is proposed as a climate change mitigation tool that supports carbon sequestration and reduces N losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. The current study evaluated the impact of four different rates of biochar (B) (C/B0-0 t ha−1, B1-20 t ha−1, B2-40 t ha−1, and B3-60 t ha−1) and two N levels (N1; low (270 kg N ha−1) and N2; high (360 kg N ha−1)), on rice (cultivar Zhenguiai) grown in pots. Significant increases in the average soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) (88%) and carbon (87%) were recorded at the highest rate of 60-ton ha−1B and 360 kg N ha−1 compared to the control (N1C) during both seasons (S1 and S2). The photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of the photosystem (PS) II (ΦPS II), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qP) were enhanced at low rates of biochar applications (20 to 40 t B ha−1) for high and low N rates across the seasons. Nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) activity were, on average, 39%, 55%, and 63% higher in the N1B3, N2B2, and N2B3 treatments, respectively than the N1C. The grain quality was higher in the N1B3 treatment than the N1C, i.e., the protein content (PC), amylose content (AC), percent brown rice (BRP), and percent milled rice (MRP) were, on average, 16%, 28%, 4.6%, and 5% higher, respectively in both seasons. The results of this study indicated that biochar addition to the soil in combination with N fertilizers increased the dry matter (DM) content, N uptake, and grain yield of rice by 24%, 27%, and 64%, respectively, compared to the N1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shangqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tariq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Niyaz Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Amanullah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Maklad A, Albalawi S, Alanazi M, Almalki M, Allazkani H, Aly M, Iqbal A, Marei A, Elawadi A, Balbaid A. Why volumetric modulated arc therapy is better than three dimensions conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer? Dosimetric analysis from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)36181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Puntambekar S, Chahal H, Bharambe S, Talla S, More S, Iqbal A, Barse S. Laparoscopic Excision of Obturator Nerve Schwannoma. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arshad Ali S, Azim D, Hassan HM, Iqbal A, Ahmed N, Kumar S, Nasim S. The impact of COVID-19 on transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients of Karachi, Pakistan: A single-center experience. Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 28:60-67. [PMID: 33091482 PMCID: PMC7571494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives With the advent of COVID-19 in Pakistan, the already fragmented blood transfusion services (BTS) received a severe blow, putting the lives of transfusion-dependent thalassemia children on stake. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 on blood transfusion therapy (BTT) of thalassemia patients and suggest ways to ensure safe and reliable blood supplies amid such health crises. Material and methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 (before COVID-19) to July 2020 (during COVID-19) based on the data provided by a thalassemia center, named Help International Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan. SPSS version 24.0 was used for the data analysis. Data were described in the form of means and percentages. Results There was a significant reduction in the consumption of PRBCs bags after the emergence of COVID-19 (P = 0.002). Moreover, the number of thalassemia patients receiving BTT was dropped by 10.56% during the pandemic. There was a strong negative correlation observed between the rising cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan and the number of patients missing their therapy sessions (r = −0.914, P = 0.030). A considerable decline in the reserves of all Rhesus-negative blood groups amid the COVID-19 outbreak was also observed. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the already suboptimal care catered to thalassemia patients in Karachi, Pakistan. The fear of the virus contraction coupled with the lockdown and restricted mobility has disrupted the entire transfusion chain from donor to the recipient. Collaborated efforts by the government and healthcare authorities are essential to ensure sufficient blood for thalassemia patients amid the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arshad Ali
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - D Azim
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H M Hassan
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Iqbal
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Kumar
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Nasim
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
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