1
|
Iqbal A, Ligeng J, Mo Z, Adnan M, Lal R, Zaman M, Usman S, Hua T, Imran M, Pan SG, Qi JY, Duan M, Gu Q, Tang X. Substation of vermicompost mitigates Cd toxicity, improves rice yields and restores bacterial community in a Cd-contaminated soil in Southern China. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133118. [PMID: 38101017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil is a global concern for soil health and food sustainability because it can cause Cd accumulation in cereal grains. An in-situ stabilizing technology (using organic amendments) has been widely used for Cd remediation in arable lands. Therefore, the current study examined the influence of vermicompost (VC) on soil biochemical traits, bacterial community diversity and composition, Cd uptake and accumulation in rice plants and grain yield in a Cd-contaminated soil during the late growing season in 2022. Different doses of VC (i.e., V1 = 0 t ha-1, V2 = 3 t ha-1 and V3 = 6 t ha-1) and two concentrations of Cd (i.e., Cd1 = 0 and Cd2 = 50 mg Cd Kg-1 were used. We performed high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons to characterize soil bacterial communities. The addition of VC considerably affected the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community; and increased the relative abundance of phyla Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Plantomycetota, Gemmatimonadota, Patescibacteria and Firmicute. In addition, VC application, particularly High VC treatment, exhibited the highest bacterial diversity and richness (i.e., Simpson, Shannon, ACE, and Chao 1 indexes) of all treatments. Similarly, the VC application increased the soil chemical traits, including soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), total phosphorous (TP) and enzyme activities (i.e., acid phosphatase, catalase, urease and invertase) compared to non-VC treated soil under Cd stress. The average increase in SOC, TN, AN, TK and TP were 5.75%, 41.15%, 18.51%, 12.31%, 25.45% and 29.67%, respectively, in the High VC treatment (Pos-Cd + VC3) compared with Cd stressed soil. Redundancy analysis revealed that the leading bacterial phyla were associated with SOC, AN, TN, TP and pH, although the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidata, and Acidobacteria on a phylum basis and Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Myxococcia on a class basis, were highly correlated with soil environmental factors. Moreover, the VC application counteracted the adverse effects of Cd on plants and significantly reduced the Cd uptake and accumulation in rice organs, such as roots, stem + leaves and grain under Cd stress conditions. Similarly, applying VC significantly increased the fragrant rice grain yield and yield traits under Cd toxicity. The correlation analysis showed that the increased soil quantities traits were crucial in obtaining high rice grain yield. Generally, the findings of this research demonstrate that the application of VC in paddy fields could be useful for growers in Southern China by sustainably enhancing soil functionality and crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China; CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Departmetn of Entomology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jiang Ligeng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maid Zaman
- Departmetn of Entomology, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Usman
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tian Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng-Gang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ying Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qichang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dunowska M, Lal R, Dissanayake SD, Bond SD, Burrows E, Moffat J, Howe L. Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from New Zealand belong predominantly to the BVDV-1a genotype. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:66-78. [PMID: 38212951 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2291039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine which genotypes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) circulate among cattle in New Zealand. METHODS Samples comprised BVDV-1-positive sera sourced from submissions to veterinary diagnostic laboratories in 2019 (n = 25), 2020 (n = 59) and 2022 (n = 74) from both beef and dairy herds, as well as archival BVDV-1 isolates (n = 5). Fragments of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and glycoprotein E2 coding sequence of the BVDV genome were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were aligned to each other and to international BVDV-1 sequences to determine their similarities and phylogenetic relationships. The 5' UTR sequences were also used to create genetic haplotype networks to determine if they were correlated with selected traits (location, type of farm, and year of collection). RESULTS The 5' UTR sequences from New Zealand BVDV were closely related to each other, with pairwise identities between 89% and 100%. All clustered together and were designated as BVDV-1a (n = 144) or BVDV-1c (n = 5). There was no evidence of a correlation between the 5' UTR sequence and the geographical origin within the country, year of collection or the type of farm. Partial E2 sequences from New Zealand BVDV (n = 76) showed 74-100% identity to each other and clustered in two main groups. The subtype assignment based on the E2 sequence was the same as based on the 5' UTR analysis. This is the first comprehensive analysis of genomic variability of contemporary New Zealand BVDV based on the analysis of the non-coding (5' UTR) and coding (E2) sequences. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Knowledge of the diversity of the viruses circulating in the country is a prerequisite for the development of effective control strategies, including a selection of suitable vaccines. The data presented suggest that New Zealand BVDV are relatively homogeneous, which should facilitate eradication efforts including selection or development of the most suitable vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dunowska
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R Lal
- College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S D Dissanayake
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S D Bond
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - E Burrows
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Moffat
- Scipharma Ltd., Upper Moutere, New Zealand
| | - L Howe
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmad N, Virk AL, Nizami AS, Lal R, Chang SX, Hafeez MB, Guo X, Wang R, Wang X, Iqbal HMW, Albasher G, Li J. Carbon trade-off and energy budgeting under conventional and conservation tillage in a rice-wheat double cropping system. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119888. [PMID: 38176379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Amid rising energy crises and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, designing energy efficient, GHG mitigation and profitable conservation farming strategies are pertinent for global food security. Therefore, we tested a hypothesis that no-till with residue retaining could improve energy productivity (EP) and energy use efficiency (EUE) while mitigating the carbon footprint (CF), water footprint (WF) and GHG emissions in rice-wheat double cropping system. We studied two tillage viz., conventional and conservation, with/without residue retaining, resulting as CT0 (puddled-transplanted rice, conventional wheat -residue), CTR (puddled-transplanted rice, conventional wheat + residue), NT0 (direct seeded rice, zero-till wheat -residue), and NTR (direct seeded rice, zero-till wheat + residue). The overall results showed that the NTR/NT0 had 34% less energy consumption and 1.2-time higher EP as compared to CTR/CT0. In addition, NTR increased 19.8% EUE than that of CT0. The grain yield ranged from 8.7 to 9.3 and 7.8-8.5 Mg ha-1 under CT and NT system, respectively. In NTR, CF and WF were 56.6% and 17.9% lower than that of CT0, respectively. The net GHG emissions were the highest (7261.4 kg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) under CT0 and lowest (4580.9 kg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) under NTR. Notably, the carbon sequestration under NTR could mitigate half of the system's CO2-eq emissions. The study results suggest that NTR could be a viable option to offset carbon emissions and water footprint by promoting soil organic carbon sequestration, and enhancing energy productivity and energy use efficiency in the South Asian Indo-Gangetic Plains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management & Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xingyu Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | | | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schneider KR, Fanzo J, Haddad L, Herrero M, Moncayo JR, Herforth A, Remans R, Guarin A, Resnick D, Covic N, Béné C, Cattaneo A, Aburto N, Ambikapathi R, Aytekin D, Barquera S, Battersby J, Beal T, Molina PB, Cafiero C, Campeau C, Caron P, Conforti P, Damerau K, Di Girolamo M, DeClerck F, Dewi D, Elouafi I, Fabi C, Foley P, Frazier TJ, Gephart J, Golden C, Fischer CG, Hendriks S, Honorati M, Huang J, Kennedy G, Laar A, Lal R, Lidder P, Loken B, Marshall Q, Masuda YJ, McLaren R, Miachon L, Muñoz H, Nordhagen S, Qayyum N, Saisana M, Suhardiman D, Sumaila UR, Cullen MT, Tubiello FN, Vivero-Pol JL, Webb P, Wiebe K. The state of food systems worldwide in the countdown to 2030. Nat Food 2023; 4:1090-1110. [PMID: 38114693 PMCID: PMC10730405 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This Analysis presents a recently developed food system indicator framework and holistic monitoring architecture to track food system transformation towards global development, health and sustainability goals. Five themes are considered: (1) diets, nutrition and health; (2) environment, natural resources and production; (3) livelihoods, poverty and equity; (4) governance; and (5) resilience. Each theme is divided into three to five indicator domains, and indicators were selected to reflect each domain through a consultative process. In total, 50 indicators were selected, with at least one indicator available for every domain. Harmonized data of these 50 indicators provide a baseline assessment of the world's food systems. We show that every country can claim positive outcomes in some parts of food systems, but none are among the highest ranked across all domains. Furthermore, some indicators are independent of national income, and each highlights a specific aspiration for healthy, sustainable and just food systems. The Food Systems Countdown Initiative will track food systems annually to 2030, amending the framework as new indicators or better data emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Schneider
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jessica Fanzo
- Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Mario Herrero
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna Herforth
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roseline Remans
- Glocolearning, Genk, Belgium
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Guarin
- International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
| | - Danielle Resnick
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Namukolo Covic
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- CGIAR, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Béné
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
- Wageningen Economic Research Group, Wageningen University, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Nancy Aburto
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramya Ambikapathi
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Destan Aytekin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simon Barquera
- Research Center of Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Ty Beal
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Carlo Cafiero
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Caron
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, Montpellier, France
- ART-DEV, Montpellier, France
| | - Piero Conforti
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin Damerau
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael Di Girolamo
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fabrice DeClerck
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
- EAT Forum, Montpellier, France
| | - Deviana Dewi
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Carola Fabi
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Pat Foley
- Regional Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, World Food Programme, Panama City, Panama
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Gonzalez Fischer
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sheryl Hendriks
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | | | - Jikun Huang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Amos Laar
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rattan Lal
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Quinn Marshall
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Lais Miachon
- Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hernán Muñoz
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Naina Qayyum
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Diana Suhardiman
- Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies/KITLV, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - U Rashid Sumaila
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Wiebe
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shrestha RK, Jacinthe PA, Lal R, Lorenz K, Singh MP, Demyan SM, Ren W, Lindsey LE. Reply to "Biochar and greenhouse gas emissions: Comment on 'Biochar as a negative emission technology: A synthesis of field research on greenhouse gas emissions'". J Environ Qual 2023; 52:1062. [PMID: 37743619 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Shrestha
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pierre-Andre Jacinthe
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Klaus Lorenz
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maninder P Singh
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott M Demyan
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura E Lindsey
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin BJ, Li RC, Liu KC, Pelumi Oladele O, Xu ZY, Lal R, Zhao X, Zhang HL. Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon and related crop yield dynamics in China's cropland. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3575-3590. [PMID: 37021594 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and food supply are vital for human survival when facing climate change. Site-specific best management practices (BMPs) are being promoted for adoption globally as solutions. However, how SOC and crop yield are related to each other in responding to BMPs remains unknown. Here, path analysis based on meta-analysis and machine learning was conducted to identify the effects and potential mechanisms of how the relationship between SOC and crop yield responds to site-specific BMPs in China. The results showed that BMPs could significantly enhance SOC and maintain or increase crop yield. The maximum benefits in SOC (30.6%) and crop yield (79.8%) occurred in mineral fertilizer combined with organic inputs (MOF). Specifically, the optimal SOC and crop yield would be achieved when the areas were arid, soil pH was ≥7.3, initial SOC content was ≤10 g kg-1 , duration was >10 years, and the nitrogen (N) input level was 100-200 kg ha-1 . Further analysis revealed that the original SOC level and crop yield change showed an inverted V-shaped structure. The association between the changes in SOC and crop yield might be linked to the positive role of the nutrient-mediated effect. The results generally suggested that improving the SOC can strongly support better crop performance. Limitations in increasing crop yield still exist due to low original SOC level, and in regions where the excessive N inputs, inappropriate tillage or organic input is inadequate and could be diminished by optimizing BMPs in harmony with site-specific conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Jian Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, China
| | - Olatunde Pelumi Oladele
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Xu
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shrestha RK, Jacinthe PA, Lal R, Lorenz K, Singh MP, Demyan SM, Ren W, Lindsey LE. Biochar as a negative emission technology: A synthesis of field research on greenhouse gas emissions. J Environ Qual 2023; 52:769-798. [PMID: 36905388 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is one of the few nature-based technologies with potential to help achieve net-zero emissions agriculture. Such an outcome would involve the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from agroecosystems and optimization of soil organic carbon sequestration. Interest in biochar application is heightened by its several co-benefits. Several reviews summarized past investigations on biochar, but these reviews mostly included laboratory, greenhouse, and mesocosm experiments. A synthesis of field studies is lacking, especially from a climate change mitigation standpoint. Our objectives are to (1) synthesize advances in field-based studies that have examined the GHG mitigation capacity of soil application of biochar and (2) identify limitations of the technology and research priorities. Field studies, published before 2022, were reviewed. Biochar has variable effects on GHG emissions, ranging from decrease, increase, to no change. Across studies, biochar reduced emissions of nitrous oxide (N2 O) by 18% and methane (CH4 ) by 3% but increased carbon dioxide (CO2 ) by 1.9%. When biochar was combined with N-fertilizer, it reduced CO2 , CH4 , and N2 O emissions in 61%, 64%, and 84% of the observations, and biochar plus other amendments reduced emissions in 78%, 92%, and 85% of the observations, respectively. Biochar has shown potential to reduce GHG emissions from soils, but long-term studies are needed to address discrepancies in emissions and identify best practices (rate, depth, and frequency) of biochar application to agricultural soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Shrestha
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pierre-Andre Jacinthe
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Klaus Lorenz
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maninder P Singh
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott M Demyan
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Laura E Lindsey
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Serafim ME, Mendes IC, Wu J, Ono FB, Zancanaro L, Valendorff JDP, Zeviani WM, Pierangeli MAP, Fan M, Lal R. Soil physicochemical and biological properties in soybean areas under no-till Systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160674. [PMID: 36493825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
No-till (NT) as a conservation practice aims to minimize soil disturbance and enhance soil sustainability. However, how NT practice affects soil physicochemical and biological properties in soybean areas remains unclear. This study selected 65 high-yielding soybean farms under a long-term NT system in the Brazilian Cerrado and collected soil samples at 0.0-0.10 m (L1), 0.10-0.20 m (L2) and 0.20-0.40 m (L3) depths. The effect of NT on soil properties and interactions with soybean productivities were assessed. Results showed that the average soybean yield of the study areas in the last three years was 4.13 Mg ha-1, with 26 areas presenting yields over 4.20 Mg ha-1. Most studied soil properties showed a depth stratification and were strongly concentrated in L1, except for S, Al3+ and aluminum saturation, which displayed lower surface and higher subsurface concentrations. Moreover, a high proportion of SOM is composed of light SOM fraction in areas of high soybean yield, with the average SOM values of 39.9, 27.8 and 19.6 g kg-1 in L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Soils under long-term NT present moderate values of enzyme activity compared with the relatively low values under conventional tillage system, especially 94 % of the plots have moderate values of activity of arylsulfatase enzymes. The data presented support the conclusion that NT system can enhance soil fertility and biological quality in soybean cultivation. Our results suggest that it is necessary to adopt NT practice because it allows increasing soybean productivity in Brazil without the need to increase the sown area, in addition to increasing productivity associated with an improvement in the agroecosystem quality, thus moving toward a more sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milson Evaldo Serafim
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Technology de Mato grosso, Avenida Europa, n° 3000, Vila Real/Distrito Industrial, 78201-382 Cáceres, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Jingtao Wu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | | | | | | | - Walmes Marques Zeviani
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Paraná, R. Evaristo F. Ferreira da Costa, 393 Jardim das Americas, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Manman Fan
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center (CMASC), The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia L, Cao L, Yang Y, Ti C, Liu Y, Smith P, van Groenigen KJ, Lehmann J, Lal R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Kiese R, Zhuang M, Lu X, Yan X. Integrated biochar solutions can achieve carbon-neutral staple crop production. Nat Food 2023; 4:236-246. [PMID: 37118263 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural food production is a main driver of global greenhouse gas emissions, with unclear pathways towards carbon neutrality. Here, through a comprehensive life-cycle assessment using data from China, we show that an integrated biomass pyrolysis and electricity generation system coupled with commonly applied methane and nitrogen mitigation measures can help reduce staple crops' life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from the current 666.5 to -37.9 Tg CO2-equivalent yr-1. Emission reductions would be achieved primarily through carbon sequestration from biochar application to the soil, and fossil fuel displacement by bio-energy produced from pyrolysis. We estimate that this integrated system can increase crop yield by 8.3%, decrease reactive nitrogen losses by 25.5%, lower air pollutant emissions by 125-2,483 Gg yr-1 and enhance net environmental and economic benefits by 36.2%. These results indicate that integrated biochar solutions could contribute to China's 2060 carbon neutrality objective while enhancing food security and environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Liang Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaopu Ti
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yize Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pete Smith
- School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kees Jan van Groenigen
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Science, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Sequestration and Management, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Pioneer Center Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Minghao Zhuang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xi Lu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu WX, Liu WS, Yang MY, Wei YX, Chen Z, Virk AL, Lal R, Zhao X, Zhang HL. Effects of tillage and cropping sequences on crop production and environmental benefits in the North China Plain. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:17629-17643. [PMID: 36198981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing trend of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is accelerating global warming and threatening food security. Environmental benefits and sustainable food production must be pursued locally and globally. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in 2015 to understand how to balance the trade-offs between agronomic productivity and environment quality in the North China Plain (NCP). Eight treatments consisted of two factors, i.e., (1) tillage practices: rotary tillage (RT) and no-till (NT), and (2) cropping sequences (CS): maize-wheat-soybean-wheat (MWSW), soybean-wheat-maize-wheat (SWMW), soybean-wheat (SW), and maize-wheat (MW). The economic and environmental benefits were evaluated by multiple indicators including the carbon footprint (CF), maize equivalent economic yield (MEEY), energy yield (EY), and carbon sustainability index (CSI). Compared with NT, RT increased the EY and MEEY, but emitted 9.4% higher GHGs. Among different CSs, no significant reduction was observed in CF. The lowest (2.0 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 year-1) and the highest (5.6 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 year-1) CF values were observed under MW and SWMW, respectively. However, CSs with soybean enhanced MEEY and the net revenue due to their higher price compared to that of MW. Although the highest CSI was observed under RT-MW, soybean-based crop rotation could offset the decline in CSI under NT when compared to that for RT. These findings suggest that conservation agriculture (CA) could enhance the balance in trade-offs between economic and environmental benefits. Additional research is needed on how to achieve high crop production by establishing a highly efficient CA system in the NCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| | - Mu-Yu Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China.
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nandal A, Yadav SS, Rao AS, Meena RS, Lal R. Advance methodological approaches for carbon stock estimation in forest ecosystems. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:315. [PMID: 36662314 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The forests are a key player in maintaining ecological balance on the earth. They not only conserve biodiversity, reduce soil erosion, and protect watersheds but also promote the above and below-ground ecosystem services. Forests are known as air cleaners on the planet and play a significant role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. As per programs launched in the Conference of Parties (COP) 26, there is a need to promote policies and programs to reduce the atmospheric carbon (C) through the forest ecosystem; it is because forests can capture the atmospheric CO2 for a long time and help to achieve the goals of net-zero emission CO2 on the earth. Therefore, there is an urgent need to know the advanced technological approaches for estimating C stock in forest ecosystems. Hence, the present article is aimed at providing a comprehensive protocol for the four C stock estimation approaches. An effort has also been made to compare these methods. This review suggests that tree allometry is the most common method used for the quantification of C stock, but this method has certain limitations. However, the review shows that accurate results can be produced by a combination of two or more methods. We have also analyzed the results of 42 research studies conducted for C stock assessment along with the factors determining the amount of C in different types of forests. The C stock in vegetation is affected by temporal and spatial variation, plantation age, land use, cropping pattern, management practices and elevation, etc. Nevertheless, the available results have a large degree of uncertainty mainly due to the limitations of the methods used. The review supports the conclusion that the uncertainty in C stock measurements can be addressed by the integration of the above-mentioned methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nandal
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Surender Singh Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
| | - Amrender Singh Rao
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Meena
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Centre for Carbon Management & Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Norman LM, Lal R, Wohl E, Fairfax E, Gellis AC, Pollock MM. Natural infrastructure in dryland streams (NIDS) can establish regenerative wetland sinks that reverse desertification and strengthen climate resilience. Sci Total Environ 2022; 849:157738. [PMID: 35932871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article we describe the natural hydrogeomorphological and biogeochemical cycles of dryland fluvial ecosystems that make them unique, yet vulnerable to land use activities and climate change. We introduce Natural Infrastructure in Dryland Streams (NIDS), which are structures naturally or anthropogenically created from earth, wood, debris, or rock that can restore implicit function of these systems. This manuscript further discusses the capability of and functional similarities between beaver dams and anthropogenic NIDS, documented by decades of scientific study. In addition, we present the novel, evidence-based finding that NIDS can create wetlands in water-scarce riparian zones, with soil organic carbon stock as much as 200 to 1400 Mg C/ha in the top meter of soil. We identify the key restorative action of NIDS, which is to slow the drainage of water from the landscape such that more of it can infiltrate and be used to facilitate natural physical, chemical, and biological processes in fluvial environments. Specifically, we assert that the rapid drainage of water from such environments can be reversed through the restoration of natural infrastructure that once existed. We then explore how NIDS can be used to restore the natural biogeochemical feedback loops in these systems. We provide examples of how NIDS have been used to restore such feedback loops, the lessons learned from installation of NIDS in the dryland streams of the southwestern United States, how such efforts might be scaled up, and what the implications are for mitigating climate change effects. Our synthesis portrays how restoration using NIDS can support adaptation to and protection from climate-related disturbances and stressors such as drought, water shortages, flooding, heatwaves, dust storms, wildfire, biodiversity losses, and food insecurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Norman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
| | - Rattan Lal
- Ohio State University, CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ellen Wohl
- Colorado State University, Department of Geosciences, Warner College of Natural Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Emily Fairfax
- California State University Channel Islands, Department of Environmental Science and Research Management, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Allen C Gellis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Michael M Pollock
- NOAA Fisheries-Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu WX, Wei YX, Li RC, Chen Z, Wang HD, Virk AL, Lal R, Zhao X, Zhang HL. Improving soil aggregates stability and soil organic carbon sequestration by no-till and legume-based crop rotations in the North China Plain. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157518. [PMID: 35878862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CA) has been adopted worldwide on about 200 Mha to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) for mitigating climate change. However, as a crucial mechanism to sequester SOC, how the protection of aggregates responds to the interaction between no-till and crop rotations (two principles of CA) remains unknown. Thus, a field experiment with six treatments [e.g., no-till or rotary tillage under the maize-wheat-soybean-wheat system (NT-MWSW, RT-MWSW), no-till or rotary tillage under the maize-wheat system (NT-MW, RT-MW), and no-till or rotary tillage under the soybean-wheat system (NT-SW, RT-SW)] was conducted from June 2018 to June 2021 in the North China Plain (NCP) to assess their effects on aggregation and SOC. Results indicated that macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) were the main contributors to the soil carbon (C) pool, comprised 64.7-87.3 % of aggregates, and encompassed 64.9-73.1 % of the SOC stock. NT increased not only the proportion of macroaggregates but also aggregate stability (i.e., mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter). Significant positive effects from legumes were observed under NT. SW increased by 13.6 % macroaggregate-associated SOC under NT in 0-20 cm compared to that under MW. Additionally, the conversion rate of straw C input under NT-SW was higher than that in other treatments, augmenting it by 9.4-21.9 %. This may be attributed to the higher macroaggregate total nitrogen (increased by 1.7-15.9 %) in 0-10 cm under legume-based crop rotations compared to that under MW, resulting in lower C: N ratios, which promoted the decomposition of straw. Furthermore, the total potential mineralization of macroaggregates under NT legume-based crop rotations was 3.0-16.0 % higher than that of MW. Thus, a legume-based NT system can significantly improve soil macro-aggregation, increase the conversion rate of straw C input, and reduce C loss, which can be a viable practice to enhance SOC sequestration capacity under CA in the NCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao-Di Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China.
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haj-Amor Z, Araya T, Kim DG, Bouri S, Lee J, Ghiloufi W, Yang Y, Kang H, Jhariya MK, Banerjee A, Lal R. Soil salinity and its associated effects on soil microorganisms, greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, biodiversity and desertification: A review. Sci Total Environ 2022; 843:156946. [PMID: 35768029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant research has been conducted on the effects of soil salinity issue on agricultural productivity. However, limited consideration has been given to its critical effects on soil biogeochemistry (e.g., soil microorganisms, soil organic carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions), land desertification, and biodiversity loss. This article is based on synthesis of information in 238 articles published between 1989 and 2022 on these effects of soil salinity. Principal findings are as follows: (1) salinity affects microbial community composition and soil enzyme activities due to changes in osmotic pressure and ion effects; (2) soil salinity reduces soil organic carbon (SOC) content and alters GHG emissions, which is a serious issue under intensifying agriculture and global warming scenarios; (3) soil salinity can reduce crop yield up to 58 %; (4) soil salinity, even at low levels, can cause profound alteration in soil biodiversity; (5) due to severe soil salinity, some soils are reaching critical desertification status; (6) innovate mitigation strategies of soil salinity need to be approached in a way that should support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). Knowledge gaps still exist mainly in the effects of salinity especially, responses of GHG emissions and biodiversity. Previous experiences quantifying soil salinity effects remained small-scale, and inappropriate research methods were sometimes applied for investigating soil salinity effects. Therefore, further studies are urgently required to improve our understanding on the effects of salinity, address salinity effects in larger-scale, and develop innovative research methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zied Haj-Amor
- Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X134, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Tesfay Araya
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Dong-Gill Kim
- Wondo Genet College of Forest and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| | - Salem Bouri
- Water, Energy, and Environment Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Wahida Ghiloufi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yerang Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojeong Kang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manoj Kumar Jhariya
- Department of Farm Forestry, University Teaching Department, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya (Formerly, Sarguja University), Sarguja, Ambikapur 497001, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University Teaching Department, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Surguja (Formerly Sarguja Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur), Chattisgarh, India
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kan Z, Chen Z, Wei Y, Virk AL, Bohoussou NY, Lal R, Zhao X, Zhang H. Contribution of wheat and maize to soil organic carbon in a wheat‐maize cropping system: a field and laboratory study. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Rong Kan
- College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing PR China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Beijing PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Beijing PR China
| | - Yu‐Xin Wei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Beijing PR China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Beijing PR China
| | - N’dri Yves Bohoussou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Beijing PR China
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Beijing PR China
| | - Hai‐Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China Beijing PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Moraes Sá JC, Lal R, Briedis C, de Oliveira Ferreira A, Tivet F, Inagaki TM, Potma Gonçalves DR, Canalli LB, Burkner Dos Santos J, Romaniw J. Can C-budget of natural capital be restored through conservation agriculture in a tropical and subtropical environment? Environ Pollut 2022; 298:118817. [PMID: 35016980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conservation agriculture through no-till based on cropping systems with high biomass-C input, is a strategy to restoring the carbon (C) lost from natural capital by conversion to agricultural land. We hypothesize that cropping systems based on quantity, diversity and frequency of biomass-C input above soil C dynamic equilibrium level can recover the natural capital. The objectives of this study were to: i) assess the C-budget of land use change for two contrasting climatic environments, ii) estimate the C turnover time of the natural capital through no-till cropping systems, and iii) determine the C pathway since soil under native vegetation to no-till cropping systems. In a subtropical and tropical environment, three types of land use were used: a) undisturbed soil under native vegetation as the reference of pristine level; b) degraded soil through continuous tillage; and c) soil under continuous no-till cropping system with high biomass-C input. At the subtropical environment, the soil under continuous tillage caused loss of 25.4 Mg C ha-1 in the 0-40 cm layer over 29 years. Of this, 17 Mg C ha-1 was transferred into the 40-100 cm layers, resulting in the net negative C balance for 0-100 cm layer of 8.4 Mg C ha-1 with an environmental cost of USD 1968 ha-1. The 0.59 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 sequestration rate by no-till cropping system promote the C turnover time (soil and vegetation) of 77 years. For tropical environment, the soil C losses reached 27.0 Mg C ha-1 in the 0-100 cm layer over 8 years, with the environmental cost of USD 6155 ha-1, and the natural capital turnover time through C sequestration rate of 2.15 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 was 49 years. The results indicated that the particulate organic C and mineral associate organic C fractions are the indicators of losses and restoration of C and leading C pathway to recover natural capital through no-till cropping systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos de Moraes Sá
- Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790 - Zona 7, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Researcher Fellowship, Level 1D - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, 71605-170, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Distinguished Professor, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Clever Briedis
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel Medeiros, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Florent Tivet
- CIRAD, AIDA, Univ Montpellier, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Lutécia Beatriz Canalli
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR - EMATER, Rua da Bandeira, 500, 80035-270, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Josiane Burkner Dos Santos
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IAPAR - EMATER, Rua da Bandeira, 500, 80035-270, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jucimare Romaniw
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kan ZR, Liu WX, Liu WS, Lal R, Dang YP, Zhao X, Zhang HL. Mechanisms of soil organic carbon stability and its response to no-till: A global synthesis and perspective. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:693-710. [PMID: 34726342 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization have been widely studied due to their relevance in the global carbon cycle. No-till (NT) has been frequently adopted to sequester SOC; however, limited information is available regarding whether sequestered SOC will be stabilized for long term. Thus, we reviewed the mechanisms affecting SOC stability in NT systems, including the priming effects (PE), molecular structure of SOC, aggregate protection, association with soil minerals, microbial properties, and environmental effects. Although a more steady-state molecular structure of SOC is observed in NT compared with conventional tillage (CT), SOC stability may depend more on physical and chemical protection. On average, NT improves macro-aggregation by 32.7%, and lowers SOC mineralization in macro-aggregates compared with CT. Chemical protection is also important due to the direct adsorption of organic molecules and the enhancement of aggregation by soil minerals. Higher microbial activity in NT could also produce binding agents to promote aggregation and the formation of metal-oxidant organic complexes. Thus, microbial residues could be stabilized in soils over the long term through their attachment to mineral surfaces and entrapment of aggregates under NT. On average, NT reduces SOC mineralization by 18.8% and PE intensities after fresh carbon inputs by 21.0% compared with CT (p < .05). Although higher temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) is observed in NT due to greater Q10 in macro-aggregates, an increase of soil moisture regime in NT could potentially constrain the improvement of Q10 . This review improves process-based understanding of the physical and chemical mechanism of protection that can act, independently or interactively, to enhance SOC preservation. It is concluded that SOC sequestered in NT systems is likely to be stabilized over the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Kan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yash Pal Dang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao X, He C, Liu WS, Liu WX, Liu QY, Bai W, Li LJ, Lal R, Zhang HL. Responses of soil pH to no-till and the factors affecting it: A global meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:154-166. [PMID: 34651373 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
No-till (NT) is a sustainable option because of its benefits in controlling erosion, saving labor, and mitigating climate change. However, a comprehensive assessment of soil pH response to NT is still lacking. Thus, a global meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of NT on soil pH and to identify the influential factors and possible consequences based on the analysis of 114 publications. When comparing tillage practices, the results indicated an overall significant decrease by 1.33 ± 0.28% in soil pH under NT than that under conventional tillage (p < .05). Soil texture, NT duration, mean annual temperature (MAT), and initial soil pH are the critical factors affecting soil pH under NT. Specifically, with significant variations among subgroups, when compared to conventional tillage, the soil under NT had lower relative changes in soil pH observed on clay loam soil (-2.44%), long-term implementation (-2.11% for more than 15 years), medium MAT (-1.87% in the range of 8-16℃), neutral soil pH (-2.28% for 6.5 < initial soil pH < 7.5), mean annual precipitation (-1.95% in the range of 600-1200 mm), in topsoil layers (-2.03% for 0-20 cm), with crop rotation (-1.98%), N fertilizer input (the same for NT and conventional tillage) of 100-200 kg N ha-1 (-1.83%), or crop residue retention (-1.52%). Changes in organic matter decomposition under undisturbed soil and with crop residue retention might lead to a higher concentration of H+ and lower of basic cations (i.e., calcium, magnesium, and potassium), which decrease the soil pH, and consequently, impact nutrient dynamics (i.e., soil phosphorus) in the surface layer under NT. Furthermore, soil acidification may be aggravated by NT within site-specific conditions and improper fertilizer and crop residue management and consequently leading to adverse effects on soil nutrient availability. Thus, there is a need to identify strategies to ameliorate soil acidification under NT to minimize the adverse consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Cong He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Liaoning Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Jun Li
- Agronomy College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lal R, Monger C, Nave L, Smith P. Correction to 'The role of soil in regulation of climate'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20210420. [PMID: 34601923 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rattan Lal
- CFAES, Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Curtis Monger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Luke Nave
- Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Falk J, Attig-Bahar F, Colwell RR, Behera SK, El-Beltagy AS, von Braun J, Dasgupta P, Gleick PH, Kaneko R, Kennel CF, Koundouri P, Lee YT, Lovejoy TE, Luers A, Murray CA, Lal R, Serageldin I, Sokona Y, Takeuchi K, Taniguchi M, Watanabe C, Yasunari T. Addressing our planetary crisis: Consensus statement from the presenters and International Advisory Committee of the Regional Action on Climate Change (RACC) Symposium held in conjunction with the Kyoto-based Science and Technology in Society (STS) Forum, 1 October 2021. Sustain Sci 2021; 17:5-7. [PMID: 34745367 PMCID: PMC8559913 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-01059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Falk
- Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Rita R. Colwell
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Swadhin K. Behera
- Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
- Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Adel S. El-Beltagy
- International Dryland Development Commission, Arid Land Agricultural Graduate Studies and Research Institute, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Joachim von Braun
- Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Vatican City, Vatican City
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Partha Dasgupta
- Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter H. Gleick
- Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment and Security, Oakland, USA
| | - Ryuichi Kaneko
- School of Political Science and Economics, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charles F. Kennel
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California (UCSD), San Diego, USA
- Centre for Science and Policy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phoebe Koundouri
- ReSEES Research Laboratory, Sustainable Development Unit and EIT Climate-KIC Hub, Athena Research Center, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Thomas E. Lovejoy
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
- United Nations Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy Luers
- Sustainability Science, Microsoft, Redmond, USA
| | - Cherry A. Murray
- Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
- University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives (IFI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- RIHN Center, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiho Watanabe
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Yasunari
- RIHN Center, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto Climate Change Adaptation Center (KCCAC), Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The soil carbon (C) stock, comprising soil organic C (SOC) and soil inorganic C (SIC) and being the largest reservoir of the terrestrial biosphere, is a critical part of the global C cycle. Soil has been a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) since the dawn of settled agriculture about 10 millenia ago. Soils of agricultural ecosystems are depleted of their SOC stocks and the magnitude of depletion is greater in those prone to accelerated erosion by water and wind and other degradation processes. Adoption of judicious land use and science-based management practices can lead to re-carbonization of depleted soils and make them a sink for atmospheric C. Soils in humid climates have potential to increase storage of SOC and those in arid and semiarid climates have potential to store both SOC and SIC. Payments to land managers for sequestration of C in soil, based on credible measurement of changes in soil C stocks at farm or landscape levels, are also important for promoting adoption of recommended land use and management practices. In conjunction with a rapid and aggressive reduction in GHG emissions across all sectors of the economy, sequestration of C in soil (and vegetation) can be an important negative emissions method for limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2°C This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Curtis Monger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Luke Nave
- Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ansari MA, Saha S, Das A, Lal R, Das B, Choudhury BU, Roy SS, Sharma SK, Singh IM, Meitei CB, Changloi KL, Singh LS, Singh NA, Saraswat PK, Ramakrishna Y, Singh D, Hazarika S, Punitha P, Sandhu SK, Prakash N. Energy and carbon budgeting of traditional land use change with groundnut based cropping system for environmental quality, resilient soil health and farmers income in eastern Indian Himalayas. J Environ Manage 2021; 293:112892. [PMID: 34062423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy intensive traditional cereals based monoculture often lead to high greenhouse gas emissions and degradation of land and environmental quality. Present study aimed at evaluating the energy and carbon budget of diversified groundnut (Arachis hypogea L) based cropping system with over existing traditional practice towards the development of a sustainable production technology through restoration of soil and environmental quality and enhancement of farming resiliency by stabilizing farmers' income. The trials comprised of three introduced groundnut based systems viz. groundnut- pea (Pisum sativum), groundnut-lentil (Lens esculenta) and groundnut-toria (Brasssica campestris var. Toria) replacing three existing systems viz. maize (Zea mays L) - fallow, maize - toria, and rice (Oryza sativa L)-fallow systems. Four years study revealed that adoption of groundnut based systems reduced non-renewable energy input use (fertilizers, chemical, machinery and fossil fuels) by 25.5%, consequently that reduced the cost of production. Repeated analysis of variance measurement also affirmed that groundnut based systems (groundnut-pea>groundnut-lentil> groundnut-toria) increased the energy use efficiency, energy productivity, carbon use efficiency, net returns and decreased the specific energy and energy intensiveness. Groundnut based systems increased the mean system productivity and water productivity in terms of groundnut equivalent yield by 3.7 and 3.1 folds over existing practice. The savings of fossil fuel reduced greenhouse gas emissions owing to reduced use of farm machinery and synthetic fertilizers. Groundnut based systems significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the soil carbon concentration (8.7-18.1%) and enzymatic activities (27.1-51.8%) over existing practice. Consequently, estimated soil quality index values were 35.9-77.3% higher under groundnut based systems than existing practice. Thus, the study indicated the resilient nature of groundnut based systems as an environmentally safe and sustainable production technology for enhancing resource use efficiency, reduce carbon emission, energy intensiveness and cost of production in the Eastern Himalaya region of India and similar ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Ansari
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Saurav Saha
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib, 796081, Mizoram, India
| | - Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, 799 210, Tripura, India.
| | - R Lal
- CMASC, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bappa Das
- ICAR Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa, 403402, Goa, India
| | - B U Choudhury
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - S S Roy
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - S K Sharma
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - I M Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Ch Bungbungcha Meitei
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Kl Levish Changloi
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Monsangpantha, Chandel, 795127, Manipur, India
| | - L Somendro Singh
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pearsonmun, Churachandpur, 795128, Manipur, India
| | - N Ajitkumar Singh
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hungpung, Ukhrul, 795142, Manipur, India
| | - P K Saraswat
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tupul, Tamenglong, 795159, Manipur, India
| | - Y Ramakrishna
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hungpung, Ukhrul, 795142, Manipur, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Monsangpantha, Chandel, 795127, Manipur, India
| | - S Hazarika
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - P Punitha
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S K Sandhu
- Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, M/o Commerce & Industry Govt. of India, India
| | - N Prakash
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Smith P, Keesstra SD, Silver WL, Adhya TK, De Deyn GB, Carvalheiro LG, Giltrap DL, Renforth P, Cheng K, Sarkar B, Saco PM, Scow K, Smith J, Morel JC, Thiele-Bruhn S, Lal R, McElwee P. Soil-derived Nature's Contributions to People and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200185. [PMID: 34365826 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Saskia D Keesstra
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerlinde B De Deyn
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Brazil.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donna L Giltrap
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Phil Renforth
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Patricia M Saco
- Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kate Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jo Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Morel
- Tribology and Systems Dynamics Laboratory (LTDS-UMR CNRS 5513), National School of Civil Engineering (ENTPE), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pam McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Das A, Rangappa K, Basavaraj S, Dey U, Haloi M, Layek J, Idapuganti RG, Lal R, Deshmukh NA, Yadav GS, Babu S, Ngachan S. Conservation tillage and nutrient management practices in summer rice ( Oryza sativa L.) favoured root growth and phenotypic plasticity of succeeding winter pea ( Pisum sativumL.) under eastern Himalayas, India. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07078. [PMID: 34095576 PMCID: PMC8167228 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low soil moisture during dry season, poor soil properties and lack of adequate crop varieties are the major constraints for sustainable intensification of eastern Himalayas in changing climate. Suitable varieties, tillage alteration and integrated nutrient management with emphasis on locally available crop residues/plant biomass may help addressing these issues. The role of minimum tillage (MT) and no-till (NT), and organic matter substitution on conferring of favourable root environment, improvement in morpho-physiology and subsequent productivity of the crops are not objectively studied in Himalayan ecosystems. Thus, a six year field study was conducted for examining the residual effect of tillage and nutrient management (NM) practices applied to summer (rainy) rice (Oryza sativa L) on root growth-attributes and impact on morpho-physiology of succeeding winter pea (Pisums ativum L.) grown uniformly under NT. Higher root surface area, total root length, root volume, root length ratio (RLR) and root tissue densityin pea crop were observed under residual effect of conventional tillage (CT) relative to NT and MT. In addition, significantly higher values of functional root traits viz., root length ratio (RLR), root mass ratio and root finenessin pea were observed under CT and application of 50% NPK and 100% NPK relative to other tillage and NM practices. However, increased root exudation was observed under NT and MTalong with organic residue addition. Noticeable changes in stress responsive morpho-physiological traits like enhanced chlorophyll pigmentation and favourable leaf characteristics were observed in pea crop grown under NT with 50% NPK+weed biomass (WB)/green leaf manure (GLM) applications. Higher leaf area expansion and thickness were recorded with optimum turgidity under NT and MT than that under CT. Comparative increase in green pod and stover yield of pea with enhanced partition efficiency and harvest index were recorded under MT/NT along with 50% NPK+WB/GLM application than that under CT and other NM practices. Thus, adoption of MT/NT along with 50% NPK+WB/GLM in summer rice is recommended for inducing favourable root environment and optimised pea production in succeeding winter season in study region of the Eastern Himalayas, India and other similar agro-ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India
| | | | - Savita Basavaraj
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India.,ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Indi 586 209, India.,UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Utpal Dey
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sipahijala, Tripura, India.,Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India
| | - Meghna Haloi
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India
| | - Jayanta Layek
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India
| | - Ramkrushna Gandhiji Idapuganti
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India.,ICAR- Central Institute of Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, OSU, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Gulab Singh Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 1100012, India
| | - Subhash Babu
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India.,ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 1100012, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Romaniw J, de Moraes Sá JC, Lal R, de Oliveira Ferreira A, Inagaki TM, Briedis C, Gonçalves DRP, Canalli LB, Padilha A, Bressan PT. C-offset and crop energy efficiency increase due industrial poultry waste use in long-term no-till soil minimizing environmental pollution. Environ Pollut 2021; 275:116565. [PMID: 33582636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is one of the major global poultry producers, and the organic waste generated by the chicken slaughterhouses can potentially be used as a biofertilizer in agriculture. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that continuous use of biofertilizer to the crops, substituting the use of mineral fertilizer promote C-offset for the soil and generate crop energy efficiency for the production system. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer use alone or in combination with mineral fertilizer on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation, C-offset, crop energy efficiency and productivity, and alleviation of environmental pollution. The experiment was established in southern Brazil on a soil under 15 years of continuous no-till (NT). Experimental treatments were as follows: i) Control with no fertilizer application, ii) 100% use of industrial mineral fertilizer (Min-F); iii) 100% use of organic waste originated from poultry slaughterhouses and hereinafter designated biofertilizer (Bio-F), and iv) Mixed fertilizer equivalent to the use of 50% mineral fertilizer + 50% of biofertilizer (Mix-F). Effects of experimental treatments were assessed for the crop sequence based on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) in the summer and wheat (Triticum aestivum) and black oat (Avena strigosaSchreb) in the winter composing two crops per year, as follow: bean/wheat-soybean/black oat-corn/wheat-soybean/black oat-corn/wheat-bean. The continuous use of Bio-F treatment significantly increased the index of crop energy efficiency. It was higher than that of control, and increased it by 25.4 Mg CO2eq ha-1 over that of Min-F treatment because of higher inputs of crop biomass-C into the system. Further, continuous use of Bio-F resulted in a significantly higher CO2eq stock and offset than those for Min-F treatment. A positive relationship between the C-offset and the crop energy efficiency (R2 = 0.71, p < 0.001) indicated that the increase of C-offset was associated with the increase of energy balance and the amount of SOC sequestered. The higher energy efficiency and C-offset by application of Bio-F indicated that the practice of crop bio fertilization with poultry slaughterhouse waste is a viable alternative for recycling and minimizing the environmental impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jucimare Romaniw
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - João Carlos de Moraes Sá
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agronomy, Av. Dom Manuel Medeiros, 52171900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Clever Briedis
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Padilha
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Pamela Thaísa Bressan
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mishra G, Sarkar A, Giri K, Nath AJ, Lal R, Francaviglia R. Changes in soil carbon stocks under plantation systems and natural forests in Northeast India. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
27
|
Jayaraman S, Naorem A, Lal R, Dalal RC, Sinha N, Patra A, Chaudhari S. Disease-Suppressive Soils-Beyond Food Production: a Critical Review. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 2021; 21:1437-1465. [PMID: 33746349 PMCID: PMC7953945 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-021-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of higher food production and economic growth and increasing population, we have often jeopardized natural resources such as soil, water, vegetation, and biodiversity at an alarming rate. In this process, wider adoption of intensive farming practices, namely changes in land use, imbalanced fertilizer application, minimum addition of organic residue/manure, and non-adoption of site-specific conservation measures, has led to declining in soil health and land degradation in an irreversible manner. In addition, increasing use of pesticides, coupled with soil and water pollution, has led the researchers to search for an environmental-friendly and cost-effective alternatives to controlling soil-borne diseases that are difficult to control, and which significantly limit agricultural productivity. Since the 1960s, disease-suppressive soils (DSS) have been identified and studied around the world. Soil disease suppression is the reduction in the incidence of soil-borne diseases even in the presence of a host plant and inoculum in the soil. The disease-suppressive capacity is mainly attributed to diverse microbial communities present in the soil that could act against soil-borne pathogens in multifaceted ways. The beneficial microorganisms employ some specific functions such as antibiosis, parasitism, competition for resources, and predation. However, there has been increasing evidence on the role of soil abiotic factors that largely influence the disease suppression. The intricate interactions of the soil, plant, and environmental components in a disease triangle make this process complex yet crucial to study to reduce disease incidence. Increasing resistance of the pathogen to presently available chemicals has led to the shift from culturable microbes to unexplored and unculturable microbes. Agricultural management practices such as tillage, fertilization, manures, irrigation, and amendment applications significantly alter the soil physicochemical environment and influence the growth and behaviour of antagonistic microbes. Plant factors such as age, type of crop, and root behaviour of the plant could stimulate or limit the diversity and structure of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Further, identification and in-depth of disease-suppressive soils could lead to the discovery of more beneficial microorganisms with novel anti-microbial and plant promoting traits. To date, several microbial species have been isolated and proposed as key contributors in disease suppression, but the complexities as well as the mechanisms of the microbial and abiotic interactions remain elusive for most of the disease-suppressive soils. Thus, this review critically explores disease-suppressive attributes in soils, mechanisms involved, and biotic and abiotic factors affecting DSS and also briefly reviewing soil microbiome for anti-microbial drugs, in fact, a consequence of DSS phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Jayaraman
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462038 India
| | - A.K. Naorem
- ICAR– Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station-Kukma, Bhuj, Gujarat 370105 India
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Ram C. Dalal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - N.K. Sinha
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462038 India
| | - A.K. Patra
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462038 India
| | - S.K. Chaudhari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, KAB-II, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun T, Zhao C, Feng X, Yin W, Gou Z, Lal R, Deng A, Chai Q, Song Z, Zhang W. Maize‐based intercropping systems achieve higher productivity and profitability with lesser environmental footprint in a water‐scarce region of northwest China. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China Beijing China
| | - Cai Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaomin Feng
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China Beijing China
| | - Wen Yin
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhiwen Gou
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Aixing Deng
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China Beijing China
| | - Qiang Chai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhenwei Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China Beijing China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Lal R. Home gardening and urban agriculture for advancing food and nutritional security in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Food Secur 2020; 12:871-876. [PMID: 32837634 PMCID: PMC7311182 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite a 2.3% increase in world cereal production in 2019 over 2018, the number of people facing severe food insecurity may double from 135 million in January 2020 to 265 million by the end of 2020. The problem of food and nutritional insecurity is severe in urban centers, where the global population is projected to increase (%/year) by 1.84, 1.63, and 1.44 between 2015 to 2020, 2020 to 2025, and 2025 to 2030, and it will increase overall from 54% in 2016 to 60% by 2030. The number of megacities (>10 million people) will increase from 34 in 2015 to 41 by 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated food insecurity in urban centers because of the disruption in the food supply chain, aggravation of the physical and economic barriers that restrict access to food, and the catastrophic increase in food waste because of labor shortages. Thus, there is a need to adopt more resilient food systems, reduce food waste, and strengthen local food production. Enhancing availability at the household and community levels through home gardening and urban agriculture is an important strategy. Food production within the cities include small land farming in households, local community gardens, indoor and rooftop gardens, vertical farming, etc. Home gardening can play an important role in advancing food and nutritional security during and after the COVD-19 pandemic, while also strengthening the provisioning of numerous ecosystem services (i.e., plant biodiversity, microclimate, water runoff, water quality, human health). However, risks of soil contamination by heavy metals must be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kurmi B, Nath AJ, Lal R, Das AK. Water stable aggregates and the associated active and recalcitrant carbon in soil under rubber plantation. Sci Total Environ 2020; 703:135498. [PMID: 31759724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation of the degraded soil is imperative to minimize the effects of soil degradation. It is in this context that stable soil aggregates, essential to providing physical protection to the organic residues, are important indicators of soil restoration or degradation. Thus, the present study was aimed at determining the soil aggregate stability and associated carbon fractions under rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations. The study was conducted on 10, 15, 25, and 34-year-old rubber plantation established on Imperata grassland. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 10, 10-20, 20-50, 50-100 cm depths from different aged rubber plantation and native forest (NF) using a soil core of 5.6 cm inner diameter. Soil aggregates from each depth were separated by the wet-sieving technique, and grouped into three fraction size classes: macro-aggregates (>2 mm), meso-aggregates (0.25-2 mm), and micro-aggregates (<0.25 mm), and analyzed for carbon concentrations. The results showed that macro-aggregates dominated soil under different plantation ages and decreased with an increase in soil depth. The Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and the Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) increased with an increase in the age of the plantation and decreased with increase in soil depth. The MWD was the highest in the forest soil (5.8 mm) and the lowest (3.0 mm) under 10-year-old rubber plantation. The highest GMD was found under 34-year-old rubber plantation (2.1 mm) and the lowest under 10-year (1.4 mm) plantation. The SOC concentration under the recalcitrant pool increased with the increase in plantation age, and the highest amount was observed under 34-year old plantation. The increase in aggregate stability, recalcitrant carbon pool, and SOC stock with age chronosequence suggests the ecological role of mature rubber plantations in soil rehabilitation by minimizing the process of soil degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Kurmi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Arun Jyoti Nath
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ashesh Kumar Das
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lal R, Cabanag M, Dominguez L, Ooi S, Beier S. 627 Towards Preoperative PCI Procedure Planning With Virtual Reality. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Lal R, Fifield LK, Tims SG, Wasson RJ, Howe D. A study of soil erosion rates using 239Pu, in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia. J Environ Radioact 2020; 211:106085. [PMID: 31733413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Daly River drains a large (52500 km2) and mainly undisturbed catchment in the Australian wet-dry tropics. The basin landscapes are mantled by a thick veneer of kandosol soil which has developed under varying rates of erosion, uplift, bedrock type and climate and has been identified as being suitable for agriculture. Commencement of large scale clearing and cropping since 2002 have raised concerns about the increased loss of top soil from the land clearing and cultivation activities adjacent to the Daly River. This study was undertaken to determine the modern soil loss rates which can be used to develop a sustainable soil conservation strategy for this catchment. 239Pu, released in the 1950s and 1960s by atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, is used to obtain a quantitative assessment of recent rates of soil loss. Soil cores 30-40 cm deep have been collected from fields with various land uses including peanut and hay cropping and cattle grazing. Cores taken from undisturbed and unburnt areas in open eucalypt woodland have been used as reference sites. The soil loss rates have been established by comparing the excess or deficiency of the 239Pu tracer over that of the reference sites. Since land use practices in the catchment are similar, it is likely that the measured soil loss rates are indicative of soil loss rates over the Daly Basin as well. The development of 239Pu as a soil tracer represents a viable alternative to the traditionally used 137Cs tracer. This also represents a new tool in the quantification of catchment soil loss and the adoption of appropriate soil conservation strategies for the tropical regions and regions where increasing settlement and agriculture are encroaching on catchment slopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lal
- Fiji National University, Fiji; The Australian National University, ACT, 0200, Australia.
| | - L K Fifield
- The Australian National University, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - S G Tims
- The Australian National University, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - R J Wasson
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Howe
- Charles Darwin University, NT, 0810, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dündar M, Prakash S, Lal R, Martin D. Future Biotechnology. J Biotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
35
|
Lang-Lazdunski L, Zhang Y, Popat S, O'Brien M, Steele J, Newsom-Davis T, Lal R, Nicholson A. P2.06-05 Multimodality Therapy Using Total Pleurectomy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Long-Term Outcomes in 150 Consecutive Cases. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Zhao X, Pu C, Ma ST, Liu SL, Xue JF, Wang X, Wang YQ, Li SS, Lal R, Chen F, Zhang HL. Management-induced greenhouse gases emission mitigation in global rice production. Sci Total Environ 2019; 649:1299-1306. [PMID: 30308900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from rice paddy (Oryza sativa L.) and balancing the trade-offs between reducing emission and sustaining food security have raised global concerns. A global meta-analysis of rice experimental data was conducted to assess changes in emissions of GHGs (CH4 and N2O) and global warming potential (GWP) in response to improvements through 12 field management practices. The results indicated that changes in GWP were mainly attributed to CH4 emission even though N2O emission was significantly affected by conversion of field management practices. Specifically, GWP per unit rice plant area (area-scaled) was significantly increased by 20.1%, 66.2%, and 84.5% with nitrogen (N) fertilizer input, manuring, and residue retention (P < 0.05), along with significant increments in area-scaled CH4 emission under the above management practices by 8.9%, 60.4%, and 91.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Due to the significant increase in rice yield, a decreasing trend for GWP per unit rice yield (yield-scaled) was observed with N fertilizer input. In addition, CH4 and GWP decreased significantly at both area- and yield-scale under non-flooding irrigation but with a reduction in rice yield by 3.3% (P < 0.05). Improvement in rice variety significantly enhanced crop yield by 15.3% while reducing area-scaled GWP by 27.7% (P < 0.05). Furthermore, other management practices, such as application of herbicides, biochar, and amendments (non-fertilizer materials) reduced yield-scaled GWP while increasing rice yield. Thus, changes in field management practices have the potential to balance the trade-offs between high yield and low emission of GHGs. However, in-depth studies are needed to determine the interactions between field management practices and site-specific soil/climate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Pu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shou-Tian Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng-Li Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Fu Xue
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Qiao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nath AJ, Lal R, Sileshi GW, Das AK. Managing India's small landholder farms for food security and achieving the "4 per Thousand" target. Sci Total Environ 2018; 634:1024-1033. [PMID: 29660860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The "4 per Thousand" initiative was launched at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) in December 2015 to address global climate change through the aspirational goal of increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stock of the world to 40-cm depth by an average annual rate of 4%. Small landholders (SLHs), often faced with difficult bio-physical and socio-economic conditions, are the principal managers of soil in India. There are 117 million SLHs representing 85% of the total operational holdings, cultivating over 72 million ha of land, and meeting 50-60% of India's food requirement. The agricultural soils of SLHs are strongly depleted of SOC and nutrient reserves. Therefore, the challenge of feeding 1.7 billion people in India by 2050 will depend on increasing the current productivity levels by restoring the depleted soils of SLHs. According to our estimates, soils of SLHs currently contain 1370-1770 Tg C and, which can be increased to 2460-2650 Tg C by 2050 through large-scale adoption of best management practices (BMPs) including balanced application of nutrients, compost, agroforestry, and conservation agriculture. A wide spread adoption of these practices can enhance C sequestration by 70-130 Tg CO2e per annum and produce 410-440 million Mg of food grains accounting for 80-85% of the total requirement by 2050. In this paper we propose strategies for achieving the dual objectives of advancing food security, the "4 per Thousand" target and mitigating climate change in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Jyoti Nath
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi
- Plot 1244 Ibex Hill, Lusaka, Zambia; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Ashesh Kumar Das
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lal R. Digging deeper: A holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3285-3301. [PMID: 29341449 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The global magnitude (Pg) of soil organic carbon (SOC) is 677 to 0.3-m, 993 to 0.5-m, and 1,505 to 1-m depth. Thus, ~55% of SOC to 1-m lies below 0.3-m depth. Soils of agroecosystems are depleted of their SOC stock and have a low use efficiency of inputs of agronomic yield. This review is a collation and synthesis of articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The rates of SOC sequestration are scaled up to the global level by linear extrapolation. Soil C sink capacity depends on depth, clay content and mineralogy, plant available water holding capacity, nutrient reserves, landscape position, and the antecedent SOC stock. Estimates of the historic depletion of SOC in world soils, 115-154 (average of 135) Pg C and equivalent to the technical potential or the maximum soil C sink capacity, need to be improved. A positive soil C budget is created by increasing the input of biomass-C to exceed the SOC losses by erosion and mineralization. The global hotspots of SOC sequestration, soils which are farther from C saturation, include eroded, degraded, desertified, and depleted soils. Ecosystems where SOC sequestration is feasible include 4,900 Mha of agricultural land including 332 Mha equipped for irrigation, 400 Mha of urban lands, and ~2,000 Mha of degraded lands. The rate of SOC sequestration (Mg C ha-1 year-1 ) is 0.25-1.0 in croplands, 0.10-0.175 in pastures, 0.5-1.0 in permanent crops and urban lands, 0.3-0.7 in salt-affected and chemically degraded soils, 0.2-0.5 in physically degraded and prone to water erosion, and 0.05-0.2 for those susceptible to wind erosion. Global technical potential of SOC sequestration is 1.45-3.44 Pg C/year (2.45 Pg C/year).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Fired bricks are used for construction purposes over the millennia, going back to the Indus Valley Civilization. The traditional brick-making process involves removal of agriculturally productive topsoil rich in clay and soil organic matter contents. In addition to the removal of the fertile topsoil and accelerated degradation by other processes, the traditional clay brick making process also emits CO2 and other gases into the atmosphere. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the impact of brick making in India on: (i) the magnitude of annual CO2 emission and (ii) the loss of agricultural production. Currently, 0.7 Mha (million hectare) of agricultural land is under brick kilns that produce ≈250 billion bricks annually. It is estimated that soil organic carbon lost through the firing process of 250 billion bricks is 5.58-6.12 Tg (teragram) (20.48-22.46 Tg CO2), and in conjunction with clay burning and coal combustion the process releases 40.65-42.64 Tg CO2 into the atmosphere per annum. Brick kiln also impacts quality of the exposed subsoil, and may also reduce 60-90% agronomic yield. Therefore, brick making from topsoil exacerbates food and nutritional insecurity by degrading soil quality, and increases risks of climate change through increase in gaseous emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Jyoti Nath
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceAssam UniversitySilchar788011India
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration CenterOhio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Ashesh Kumar Das
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceAssam UniversitySilchar788011India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
de Oliveira Ferreira A, de Moraes Sá JC, Lal R, Tivet F, Briedis C, Inagaki TM, Gonçalves DRP, Romaniw J. Macroaggregation and soil organic carbon restoration in a highly weathered Brazilian Oxisol after two decades under no-till. Sci Total Environ 2018; 621:1559-1567. [PMID: 29122351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conclusions based on studies of the impacts of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and soil texture on macroaggregation and SOC stabilization in long-term (>20years) no-till (NT) fields remain debatable. This study was based on the hypothesis that the amount and frequency of biomass-C input associated with NT can be a pathway to formation of macroaggregates and to SOC buildup. The objectives were to: 1) assess the macroaggregate distribution (proportional mass, class mass) and the SOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) stocks of extra-large (8-19mm), large (2-8mm) and small (0.25-2mm) macroaggregate size classes managed for two decades by NT, and 2) assess the recovery of SOC stocks in extra-large macroaggregates compared to adjacent native vegetation (Andropogon sp., Aristida sp., Paspalum sp., and Panicum sp.). The crop rotation systems were: soybean (Glycine max L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in summer; and black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb), white oat (Avena sativa), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), black oat.+vetch (Avena strigosa Schreb+vetch) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in winter. The experimental was laid out as 2×2 randomized block factorial with 12 replicates of a NT experiment established in 1997 on two highly weathered Oxisols. The factors comprised of: (a) two soil textural types: clay loam and sandy clay, and (b) two sampling depths: 0-5 and 5-20cm. The three classes of macroaggregates were obtained by wet sieving, and the SOC content was determined by the dry combustion method. The extra-large macroaggregate classes in 0-20cm depth for sandy clay (SdC) and clay loam (CL) Oxisol represented 75.2 and 72.4% of proportional mass, respectively. The SOC and POC stocks among macroaggregate classes in 0-5 and 5-20cm depths decreased in the order: 8-19mm>2-8mm ≈ 0.25-2mm. The SdC plots under soybean/maize at 3:1 ratio recovered 58.3%, while those at 1:1 ratio (high maize frequency) in CL recovered 73.1% of SOC stock in the extra-large macroaggregates compared with the same under native vegetation for 0-20cm depth. Thus, partial restoration of the SOC stock in original extra-large macroaggregate confirms the hypothesis that NT through higher maize cultivation frequency can be a pathway to fomation of macroaggregates and SOC buildup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira
- Soil Organic Matter Laboratory (LABMOS), Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Engineer, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84010-330 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - João Carlos de Moraes Sá
- Soil Organic Matter Laboratory (LABMOS), Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Engineer, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84010-330 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center (CMASC), The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Florent Tivet
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UPR SIA, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Clever Briedis
- Embrapa Instrumentation, R. XV de novembro, 1452, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves
- Soil Organic Matter Laboratory (LABMOS), Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Engineer, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84010-330 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Jucimare Romaniw
- Soil Organic Matter Laboratory (LABMOS), Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Engineer, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84010-330 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang TQ, Zheng ZM, Lal R, Lin ZQ, Sharpley AN, Shober AL, Smith D, Tan CS, Van Cappellen P. Environmental Indicator Principium with Case References to Agricultural Soil, Water, and Air Quality and Model-Derived Indicators. J Environ Qual 2018; 47:191-202. [PMID: 29634786 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.10.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental indicators are powerful tools for tracking environmental changes, measuring environmental performance, and informing policymakers. Many diverse environmental indicators, including agricultural environmental indicators, are currently in use or being developed. This special collection of technical papers expands on the peer-reviewed literature on environmental indicators and their application to important current issues in the following areas: (i) model-derived indicators to indicate phosphorus losses from arable land to surface runoff and subsurface drainage, (ii) glutathione-ascorbate cycle-related antioxidants as early-warning bioindicators of polybrominated diphenyl ether toxicity in mangroves, and (iii) assessing the effectiveness of using organic matrix biobeds to limit herbicide dissipation from agricultural fields, thereby controlling on-farm point-source pollution. This introductory review also provides an overview of environmental indicators, mainly for agriculture, with examples related to the quality of the agricultural soil-water-air continuum and the application of model-derived indicators. Current knowledge gaps and future lines of investigation are also discussed. It appears that environmental indicators, particularly those for agriculture, work efficiently at the field, catchment, and local scales and serve as valuable metrics of system functioning and response; however, these indicators need to be refined or further developed to comprehensively meet community expectations in terms of providing a consistent picture of relevant issues and/or allowing comparisons to be made nationally or internationally.
Collapse
|
43
|
Liang Y, Lal R, Guo S, Liu R, Hu Y. Impacts of simulated erosion and soil amendments on greenhouse gas fluxes and maize yield in Miamian soil of central Ohio. Sci Rep 2018; 8:520. [PMID: 29323288 PMCID: PMC5764967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Erosion-induced topsoil loss is a threat to sustainable productivity. Topsoil removal from, or added to, the existing surface is an efficient technique to simulate on-site soil erosion and deposition. A 15-year simulated erosion was conducted at Waterman Farm of Ohio State University to assess impacts of topsoil depth on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and maize yield. Three topsoil treatments were investigated: 20 cm topsoil removal, 20 cm topsoil addition, and undisturbed control. Results show that the average global warming potential (GWP) (Mg CO2 Eq ha−1 growing season−1) from the topsoil removal plot (18.07) exhibited roughly the same value as that from the undisturbed control plot (18.11), but declined evidently from the topsoil addition plot (10.58). Maize yield decreased by 51% at the topsoil removal plot, while increased by 47% at the topsoil addition plot, when compared with the undisturbed control (7.45 Mg ha−1). The average GWP of erosion-deposition process was 21% lower than that of the undisturbed control, but that greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) was 22% higher due to lower yields from the topsoil removal plot. Organic manure application enhanced GWP by 15%, and promoted maize yield by 18%, but brought a small reduction GHGI (3%) against the N-fertilizer application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.
| | - Shengli Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China. .,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Ruiqiang Liu
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Yaxian Hu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li XS, Han HF, Ning TY, Lal R. CO2–C evolution rate in an incubation study with straw input to soil managed by different tillage systems. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12588-12596. [PMID: 35541250 PMCID: PMC9079410 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to assess the impact of straw input on CO2–C emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X. S. Li
- College of Agronomy
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology
- Shandong Agricultural University
- Tai'an 271018
| | - H. F. Han
- College of Agronomy
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology
- Shandong Agricultural University
- Tai'an 271018
| | - T. Y. Ning
- College of Agronomy
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology
- Shandong Agricultural University
- Tai'an 271018
| | - R. Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center
- School of Environment and Natural Resources
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lal R, Fifield LK, Tims SG, Wasson RJ. 239Pu fallout across continental Australia: Implications on 239Pu use as a soil tracer. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:394-403. [PMID: 28939090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
At present there is a need for the development of new radioisotopes for soil erosion and sediment tracing especially as fallout 137Cs levels become depleted. Recent studies have shown that 239Pu can be a useful new soil erosion and sediment radioisotope tracer. 239Pu was released in the major atmospheric nuclear weapons tests of 1950's and 1960's. However 239Pu has a half-life of 24110 years and more than 99% of this isotope is still present in the environment today. In contrast 137Cs with a half-life of 30.07 year has decayed to <35% of initially deposited activities and this isotope will become increasingly difficult to measure in the coming decades especially in the southern hemisphere, which received only about a third of the total global fallout from the atmospheric tests (UNSCEAR, 2000). In this study an assessment of the 239Pu fallout in Australia was carried out from comparison of measured 239Pu inventories with expected 239Pu inventories from fallout models. 239Pu inventories were also compared with rainfall and measured 240Pu/239Pu ratios across Australia. 239Pu fallout inventories ranged from 430 to 1461 μB/cm2. Central Australia, with fallout 107% in excess of expected values, seems to be strongly impacted by local fallout deposition. In comparison other sites typically show 5-40% variation between expected and measured fallout values. The fallout inventories were found to weakly correlate (using power functions, y = axb) with rainfall with r2 = 0.50 across the southern catchments (25-40°S latitude band). Across the northern catchments (10-25°S latitude band) fallout showed greater variability with rainfall with r2 = 0.24. Central Australia and Alice Springs which seem to be strongly impacted by local fallout are excluded from the rainfall correlation data (with these sites included r2 = 0.08 and r2 < 0.01 respectively). 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios range from 0.045 to 0.197, with averages of 0.139(0.017), 0.111(0.052) and 0.160(0.027) in the 10-20°S, 20-30°S and 30-40°S latitude bands respectively. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in Central Australia (0.069) likely represent fallout from the Australian tests which also have low 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios i.e., Maralinga (0.113) and Montebello (0.045). The average ratios in the 20-30°S and 30-40° bands are closer to the global average (0.139 and 0.177 respectively when not including the close-in fallout data from the nuclear test sites) if the Australian test sites and Central Australian sites are neglected as they clearly represent the effects of close in fallout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lal
- Department of Nuclear Physics, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia; Department of Physics, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Fiji National University, Fiji.
| | - L K Fifield
- Department of Nuclear Physics, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - S G Tims
- Department of Nuclear Physics, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - R J Wasson
- Institute of Water Policy, National University of Singapore AS2, #04-321 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nag SK, Liu R, Lal R. Emission of greenhouse gases and soil carbon sequestration in a riparian marsh wetland in central Ohio. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:580. [PMID: 29063197 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are a C sink, but they also account for a large natural source of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly methane (CH4). Soils of wetlands play an important role in alleviating the global climate change regardless of the emission of CH4. However, there are uncertainties about the amount of C stored and emitted from wetlands because of the site specific factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted in a temperate riverine flow-through wetland, part of which was covered with emerging macrophyte Typhus latifolia in central Ohio, USA, with the objective to assess emissions of GHGs (CH4, CO2, N2O) and measure C and nitrogen (N) stocks in wetland soil in comparison to a reference upland site. The data revealed that CH4 emission from the open and vegetated wetland ranged from 1.03-0.51 Mg C/ha/y and that of CO2 varied from 1.26-1.51 Mg C/ha/y. In comparison, CH4 emission from reference upland site was negligible (0.01 Mg C/ha/y), but CO2 emission was much higher (3.24 Mg C/ha/y). The stock of C in wetland soil was 85 to 125 Mg C/ha up to 0.3 m depth. The average rate of emission was 2.15 Mg C/ha/y, but the rate of sequestration was calculated as 5.55 Mg C/ha/y. Thus, the wetland was actually a C sink. Emission of N2O was slightly higher in vegetated wetland (0.153 mg N2O-N/m2/h) than the open wetland and the reference site (0.129 mg N2O-N/m2/h). Effect of temperature on emission of GHGs from the systems was also studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subir K Nag
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India.
| | - Ruiqiang Liu
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Soussana JF, Lutfalla S, Smith P, Lal R, Chenu C, Ciais P. Letter to the Editor: Answer to the Viewpoint "Sequestering Soil Organic Carbon: A Nitrogen Dilemma". Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:11502. [PMID: 28949523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pete Smith
- University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, U.K
| | - Rattan Lal
- The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio United States
| | - Claire Chenu
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lal R, Nicoud F, Bars EL, Deverdun J, Molino F, Costalat V, Mohammadi B. Non Invasive Blood Flow Features Estimation in Cerebral Arteries from Uncertain Medical Data. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:2574-2591. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
|
50
|
Zeng Q, Lal R, Chen Y, An S. Soil, Leaf and Root Ecological Stoichiometry of Caragana korshinskii on the Loess Plateau of China in Relation to Plantation Age. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168890. [PMID: 28076357 PMCID: PMC5226717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caragana korshinskii, a leguminous shrub, a common specie, is widely planted to prevent soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. The objective of this study was to determine how the plantation ages affected soil, leaf and root nutrients and ecological stoichiometry. The chronosequence ages of C. korshinskii plantations selected for this study were 10, 20 and 30 years. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) of C. korshinskii plantations significantly increased with increase in the chronosequence age. However, soil total phosphorous (STP) was not affected by the chronosequence age. The soil C: N ratio decreased and the soil C: P and N: P ratios increased with increasing plantation age. The leaf and root concentrations of C, N, and P increased and the ratios C: N, C: P, and N: P decreased with age increase. Leaf N: P ratios were >20, indicating that P was the main factor limiting the growth of C. korshinskii. This study also demonstrated that the regeneration of natural grassland (NG) effectively preserved and enhanced soil nutrient contents. Compared with NG, shrub lands (C. korshinskii) had much lower soil nutrient concentrations, especially for long (>20 years) chronosequence age. Thus, the regeneration of natural grassland is an ecologically beneficial practice for the recovery of degraded soils in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yanan Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Shaoshan An
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|