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Feng T, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Fan D, Wei T, Wang P, Keesstra SD, Cerdà A. Long-term effects of vegetation restoration and forest management on carbon pools and nutrient storages in northeastern Loess Plateau, China. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120296. [PMID: 38341910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial for understanding the variations of carbon and nutrient pools within the ecosystems during long-term vegetation restoration to accurately assess the effects of different ecological restoration patterns. However, the long-term spatio-temporal variations of carbon and nutrient pools under different vegetation types remain unclear. The sites for long-term natural and planted forests (i.e., Natural secondary forest, Pinus tabulaeformis planted forest, Platycladus orientalis planted forest, and Robinia pseudoacacia planted forest) on the northeastern Loess Plateau, China were selected, to measure and analyze the differences and interannual variations of vegetation attributes at four synusiae and soil properties at 0-100 cm over the period of 12 years (2006-2017). The principal component analysis (PCA) and Mantel test were also conducted to explore the relationships among vegetation attributes, soil properties, and carbon and nutrient pools. The results showed that: compared with the planted forests, the natural secondary forest had lower arborous biomass (84.21 ± 1.53 t hm-2) and higher understory biomass and plant heights. Compared to planted forests, the secondary forest had higher soil carbon and nitrogen contents (13.74 ± 3.50 g kg-1 and 1.16 ± 0.34 g kg-1). The soil carbon pool in the secondary forest was 22.0% higher than planted forests, while the vegetation carbon pool in the P. tabulaeformis was 75.5% higher than other forests. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Mantel test revealed that vegetation attributes and soil properties had significant correlations with carbon and nutrient pools, especially at the arborous synusia (p < 0.01). The findings indicated that in the ecologically fragile Loess Plateau region, the selection of appropriate vegetation restoration types should be guided by varying ecological restoration goals and benefits, aiming to expected ecological outcomes. This insight offers a strategic implication for forest management that is tailored to improve carbon and nutrient pools in areas with similar environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Feng
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yulin Qi
- Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau, YRCC, Fengcheng 3rd Road 200, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Dehui Fan
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tianxing Wei
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Saskia D Keesstra
- Team Soil, Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional Geografía Físicqa, Universitdad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, Valencia University, Blasco Ibàñez, 28, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Smith P, Keesstra SD, Silver WL, Adhya TK. The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200169. [PMID: 34365820 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This theme issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). The papers in this issue show that soils can contribute positively to the delivery of all NCP. These contributions can be maximized through careful soil management to provide healthy soils, but poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to the delivery of NCP. Soils are also shown to contribute positively to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Papers in the theme issue emphasize the need for careful soil management. Priorities for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation, (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health, productivity and sustainability and to prevent degradation, and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. Our knowledge of what constitutes sustainable soil management is mature enough to implement best management practices, in order to maintain and improve soil health. The papers in this issue show the vast potential of soils to contribute to NCP. This is not only desirable, but essential to sustain a healthy planet and if we are to deliver sustainable development in the decades to come. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Saskia D Keesstra
- Team Soil, Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tapan K Adhya
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Smith P, Keesstra SD, Silver WL, Adhya TK, De Deyn GB, Carvalheiro LG, Giltrap DL, Renforth P, Cheng K, Sarkar B, Saco PM, Scow K, Smith J, Morel JC, Thiele-Bruhn S, Lal R, McElwee P. Soil-derived Nature's Contributions to People and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200185. [PMID: 34365826 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Saskia D Keesstra
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerlinde B De Deyn
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Brazil.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donna L Giltrap
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Phil Renforth
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Patricia M Saco
- Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kate Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jo Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Morel
- Tribology and Systems Dynamics Laboratory (LTDS-UMR CNRS 5513), National School of Civil Engineering (ENTPE), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pam McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Cerdà A, Keesstra SD, Rodrigo-Comino J, Novara A, Pereira P, Brevik E, Giménez-Morera A, Fernández-Raga M, Pulido M, di Prima S, Jordán A. Runoff initiation, soil detachment and connectivity are enhanced as a consequence of vineyards plantations. J Environ Manage 2017; 202:268-275. [PMID: 28735211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall-induced soil erosion is a major threat, especially in agricultural soils. In the Mediterranean belt, vineyards are affected by high soil loss rates, leading to land degradation. Plantation of new vines is carried out after deep ploughing, use of heavy machinery, wheel traffic, and trampling. Those works result in soil physical properties changes and contribute to enhanced runoff rates and increased soil erosion rates. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the plantation of vineyards on soil hydrological and erosional response under low frequency - high magnitude rainfall events, the ones that under the Mediterranean climatic conditions trigger extreme soil erosion rates. We determined time to ponding, Tp; time to runoff, Tr; time to runoff outlet, Tro; runoff rate, and soil loss under simulated rainfall (55 mm h-1, 1 h) at plot scale (0.25 m2) to characterize the runoff initiation and sediment detachment. In recent vine plantations (<1 year since plantation; R) compared to old ones (>50 years; O). Slope gradient, rock fragment cover, soil surface roughness, bulk density, soil organic matter content, soil water content and plant cover were determined. Plantation of new vineyards largely impacted runoff rates and soil erosion risk at plot scale in the short term. Tp, Tr and Tro were much shorter in R plots. Tr-Tp and Tro-Tr periods were used as connectivity indexes of water flow, and decreased to 77.5 and 33.2% in R plots compared to O plots. Runoff coefficients increased significantly from O (42.94%) to R plots (71.92%) and soil losses were approximately one order of magnitude lower (1.8 and 12.6 Mg ha-1 h-1 for O and R plots respectively). Soil surface roughness and bulk density are two key factors that determine the increase in connectivity of flows and sediments in recently planted vineyards. Our results confirm that plantation of new vineyards strongly contributes to runoff initiation and sediment detachment, and those findings confirms that soil erosion control strategies should be applied immediately after or during the plantation of vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, Valencia University, Blasco Ibàñez, 28, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - S D Keesstra
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - J Rodrigo-Comino
- Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, D-54286 Trier, Germany; Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos, Department of Geography, Málaga University, Campus of Teatinos S/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - A Novara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - P Pereira
- Department of Environmental Policy, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - E Brevik
- Department of Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, EEUU, United States.
| | - A Giménez-Morera
- Departamento de Economi´;a y Ciencias Sociales, Escuela Polite´cnica Superior de Alcoy, Universidad Polite´cnica de Valencia, Paseo Del Viaducto, 1, 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - M Pulido
- GeoEnvironmental Research Group, University of Extremadura, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Avda. de La Universidad S/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - S di Prima
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - A Jordán
- MED_Soil Research Group, Department of Crystallography, Mineralogy and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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