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Schneider KR, Fanzo J, Haddad L, Herrero M, Moncayo JR, Herforth A, Remans R, Guarin A, Resnick D, Covic N, Béné C, Cattaneo A, Aburto N, Ambikapathi R, Aytekin D, Barquera S, Battersby J, Beal T, Molina PB, Cafiero C, Campeau C, Caron P, Conforti P, Damerau K, Di Girolamo M, DeClerck F, Dewi D, Elouafi I, Fabi C, Foley P, Frazier TJ, Gephart J, Golden C, Fischer CG, Hendriks S, Honorati M, Huang J, Kennedy G, Laar A, Lal R, Lidder P, Loken B, Marshall Q, Masuda YJ, McLaren R, Miachon L, Muñoz H, Nordhagen S, Qayyum N, Saisana M, Suhardiman D, Sumaila UR, Cullen MT, Tubiello FN, Vivero-Pol JL, Webb P, Wiebe K. The state of food systems worldwide in the countdown to 2030. Nat Food 2023; 4:1090-1110. [PMID: 38114693 PMCID: PMC10730405 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This Analysis presents a recently developed food system indicator framework and holistic monitoring architecture to track food system transformation towards global development, health and sustainability goals. Five themes are considered: (1) diets, nutrition and health; (2) environment, natural resources and production; (3) livelihoods, poverty and equity; (4) governance; and (5) resilience. Each theme is divided into three to five indicator domains, and indicators were selected to reflect each domain through a consultative process. In total, 50 indicators were selected, with at least one indicator available for every domain. Harmonized data of these 50 indicators provide a baseline assessment of the world's food systems. We show that every country can claim positive outcomes in some parts of food systems, but none are among the highest ranked across all domains. Furthermore, some indicators are independent of national income, and each highlights a specific aspiration for healthy, sustainable and just food systems. The Food Systems Countdown Initiative will track food systems annually to 2030, amending the framework as new indicators or better data emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Schneider
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jessica Fanzo
- Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Mario Herrero
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna Herforth
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roseline Remans
- Glocolearning, Genk, Belgium
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Guarin
- International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
| | - Danielle Resnick
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Namukolo Covic
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- CGIAR, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Béné
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
- Wageningen Economic Research Group, Wageningen University, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Nancy Aburto
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramya Ambikapathi
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Destan Aytekin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simon Barquera
- Research Center of Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Ty Beal
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Carlo Cafiero
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Caron
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, Montpellier, France
- ART-DEV, Montpellier, France
| | - Piero Conforti
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin Damerau
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael Di Girolamo
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fabrice DeClerck
- Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
- EAT Forum, Montpellier, France
| | - Deviana Dewi
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Carola Fabi
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Pat Foley
- Regional Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, World Food Programme, Panama City, Panama
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Gonzalez Fischer
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sheryl Hendriks
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | | | - Jikun Huang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Amos Laar
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rattan Lal
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Quinn Marshall
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Lais Miachon
- Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hernán Muñoz
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Naina Qayyum
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Diana Suhardiman
- Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies/KITLV, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - U Rashid Sumaila
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Wiebe
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Mapes BR, Prager SD, Béné C, Gonzalez CE. Healthy and sustainable diets from today to 2050—The role of international trade. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264729. [PMID: 35584099 PMCID: PMC9116619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The connection between international trade and food systems (un)sustainability is both contentious and critical for policy work supporting progress towards achieving the twin goals of hunger alleviation and dietary health while improving the overall sustainability of development. We characterize the food system using a set of metrics based upon the EAT-Lancet commission dietary guidelines for both over- and under-consumption of different foods to assess country-level dietary health and sustainability in tandem. Using a partial equilibrium model of agricultural production and trade, we then project the functioning of the global agricultural system to 2050 and calculate the metrics for that year. For most regions we find increased overconsumption above the expert-defined healthy and sustainable diet thresholds, with more limited progress towards closing dietary health and sustainability gaps where they currently exist. Trade influences this dynamic into the future under certain socioeconomic conditions, and we find that under a “business as usual” trade environment, future agricultural import profiles continue to be misaligned with dietary health and sustainability outcomes, suggesting the potential for early intervention in trade policy as a means to positively influence food system outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R. Mapes
- Food Environment and Consumer Behavior, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali-Palmira, Cali, Colombia
- DevTech Systems Inc, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven D. Prager
- Food Environment and Consumer Behavior, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali-Palmira, Cali, Colombia
- Climate Action, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali-Palmira, Cali, Colombia
| | - Christophe Béné
- Food Environment and Consumer Behavior, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali-Palmira, Cali, Colombia
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Béné C, Bakker D, Chavarro MJ, Even B, Melo J, Sonneveld A. Global assessment of the impacts of COVID-19 on food security. Glob Food Sec 2021; 31:100575. [PMID: 34518796 PMCID: PMC8426216 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present the first global assessments of COVID-19's impacts on food systems and their actors, focusing specifically on the food security and nutritional status of those affected in low and middle-income countries. The assessment covers 62 countries and is based on the analysis of 337 documents published in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. The review confirms the magnitude and the severity of an unprecedented crisis that has spread worldwide and has spared only a few. The analysis shows that the dimension of food security that has been most affected is accessibility, with reasonably solid evidence suggesting that both financial and physical access to food have been disrupted. In contrast, there is no clear evidence that the availability of food has been affected. Overall, data suggests that food systems resisted and adapted to the disruption of the pandemic. This resilience came, however, at great costs, with the majority of the systems' actors having to cope with severe disruptions in their activities. In contrast, grocery stores and supermarkets made billions of dollars in profits in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Béné
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | - Deborah Bakker
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Brice Even
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jenny Melo
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | - Anne Sonneveld
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Vermeulen SJ, Park T, Khoury CK, Béné C. Changing diets and the transformation of the global food system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1478:3-17. [PMID: 32713024 PMCID: PMC7689688 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An aspirational global food system is one that delivers across a suite of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including universal access to healthy diets, which can also codeliver on climate and environment SDGs. The literature has downplayed the relative contribution of dietary change to sustainable food systems. In this perspective article, we argue that the potential for positive transformational change in diets should not be underestimated, for two sets of reasons. First, the dynamism of diets over long-term and, especially, recent history shows the potential for rapid and widespread change, including toward more diverse and healthier diets. Second, contemporary behavioral research demonstrates promising tactics to influence consumers' dietary choices. Since the entire food system creates the circumstances of those choices, the most effective strategies to shift diets will involve multiple approaches that deliberately aim not just to influence consumers themselves but also to incentivize all actors in the food systems, taking into account multiple agendas and values. The effectiveness of actions will depend on the political economy at local, national, and global levels. Overall, there are reasons to be hopeful about the potential for accelerated global dietary change, given both historic trends and the growing suite of tools and approaches available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja J. Vermeulen
- CGIAR System OrganizationMontpellierFrance
- Hoffmann Centre for Sustainable Resource EconomyLondonUK
| | | | - Colin K. Khoury
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)PalmiraValle del CaucaColombia
| | - Christophe Béné
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)PalmiraValle del CaucaColombia
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Melesse MB, van den Berg M, Béné C, de Brauw A, Brouwer ID. Metrics to analyze and improve diets through food Systems in low and Middle Income Countries. Food Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTaking a food systems approach is a promising strategy for improving diets. Implementing such an approach would require the use of a comprehensive set of metrics to characterize food systems, set meaningful goals, track food system performance, and evaluate the impacts of food system interventions. Food system metrics are also useful to structure debates and communicate to policy makers and the general public. This paper provides an updated analytical framework of food systems and uses this to identify systematically relevant metrics and indicators based on data availability in low and middle income countries. We conclude that public data are relatively well available for food system drivers and outcomes, but not for all of the food system activities. With only minor additional investments, existing surveys could be extended to cover a large part of the required additional data. For some indicators, however, targeted data collection efforts are needed. As the list of indicators partly overlaps with the indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs), part of the collected data could serve not only to describe and monitor food systems, but also to track progress towards attaining the SDGs.
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Béné C. Resilience of local food systems and links to food security - A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocks. Food Secur 2020; 12:805-822. [PMID: 32837646 PMCID: PMC7351643 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to explore and discuss the concept of local food system resilience in light of the disruptions brought to those systems by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion, which focuses on low and middle income countries, considers also the other shocks and stressors that generally affect local food systems and their actors in those countries (weather-related, economic, political or social disturbances). The review of existing (mainly grey or media-based) accounts on COVID-19 suggests that, with the exception of those who lost members of their family to the virus, as per June 2020 the main impact of the pandemic derives mainly from the lockdown and mobility restrictions imposed by national/local governments, and the consequence that the subsequent loss of income and purchasing power has on people's food security, in particular the poor. The paper then uses the most prominent advances made recently in the literature on household resilience in the context of food security and humanitarian crises to identify a series of lessons that can be used to improve our understanding of food system resilience and its link to food security in the context of the COVID-19 crisis and other shocks. Those lessons include principles about the measurement of food system resilience and suggestions about the types of interventions that could potentially strengthen the abilities of actors (including policy makers) to respond more appropriately to adverse events affecting food systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Béné
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Beal T, Le TD, Trinh HT, Burra DD, Béné C, Huynh TTT, Truong MT, Nguyen SD, Tran DT, Nguyen KT, Hoang HTT, de Haan S, Jones AD. Child Overweight or Obesity Is Associated with Modifiable and Geographic Factors in Vietnam: Implications for Program Design and Targeting. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051286. [PMID: 32369973 PMCID: PMC7282258 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Child overweight or obesity is increasing in most countries, including Vietnam. We sought to elucidate the drivers of child overweight or obesity in Vietnam and understand how they vary geographically. We compiled nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Vietnam Nutrition Surveillance Survey collected annually between 2012–2015 and household income data from the General Statistics Office. We used a quasi-Poisson log link function to calculate relative risks (RRs) of under-five child overweight or obesity for 13 variables and stratified analyses by child age (<2 y and 2–5 y) and region. Additional analysis included log-log linear regression to assess the relationship between average provincial monthly per capita income and child overweight or obesity. The strongest associations with child overweight or obesity included birthweight >4000 g (RR: 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48, 1.86), maternal body mass index (BMI) ≥27.5 compared with BMI <23 (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.78), and living in the Southeast (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.84, 2.30), Mekong River Delta (RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.77), or Central South (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.74) compared with the Central Highland. A 20% higher provincial average monthly per capita income was associated with a 17.4% higher prevalence in child overweight or obesity (P <0.0001, Adjusted R2 = 0.36). High birthweight and maternal BMI were strongly associated with child overweight or obesity but are not likely primary drivers in Vietnam, given their low prevalence. C-section delivery, sedentary lifestyle, high maternal education, urbanicity, and high household income affect a large proportion of the population and are, therefore, important risk factors. Policies and programs should target these factors and regions at greatest risk of overweight or obesity, particularly the Southeast and Mekong River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Beal
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), 1701 Rhode Island Ave NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-602-481-5211
| | - Tuyen Danh Le
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.D.L.); (M.T.T.); (S.D.N.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Huong Thi Trinh
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Asia Office, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.T.); (D.D.B.); (T.T.T.H.); (K.T.N.)
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Thuongmai University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam (H.T.T.H.)
| | - Dharani Dhar Burra
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Asia Office, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.T.); (D.D.B.); (T.T.T.H.); (K.T.N.)
| | - Christophe Béné
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali 763537, Columbia;
| | - Tuyen Thi Thanh Huynh
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Asia Office, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.T.); (D.D.B.); (T.T.T.H.); (K.T.N.)
| | - Mai Tuyet Truong
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.D.L.); (M.T.T.); (S.D.N.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Son Duy Nguyen
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.D.L.); (M.T.T.); (S.D.N.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Do Thanh Tran
- National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.D.L.); (M.T.T.); (S.D.N.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Kien Tri Nguyen
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Asia Office, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.T.); (D.D.B.); (T.T.T.H.); (K.T.N.)
| | - Ha Thi Thu Hoang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Thuongmai University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam (H.T.T.H.)
| | - Stef de Haan
- International Potato Center (CIP), Lima 15023, Peru;
| | - Andrew D. Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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Béné C, Fanzo J, Prager SD, Achicanoy HA, Mapes BR, Alvarez Toro P, Bonilla Cedrez C. Global drivers of food system (un)sustainability: A multi-country correlation analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231071. [PMID: 32243471 PMCID: PMC7122815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, our ability to comprehend the dynamics of food systems and the consequences of their rapid 'transformations' is limited. In this paper, we propose to address this gap by exploring the interactions between the sustainability of food systems and a set of key drivers at the global scale. For this we compile a metric of 12 key drivers of food system from a globally-representative set of low, middle, and high-income countries and analyze the relationships between these drivers and a composite index that integrates the four key dimensions of food system sustainability, namely: food security & nutrition, environment, social, and economic dimensions. The two metrics highlight the important data gap that characterizes national systems' statistics-in particular in relation to transformation, transport, retail and distribution. Spearman correlations and Principal Component Analysis are then used to explore associations between levels of sustainability and drivers. With the exception of one economic driver (trade flows in merchandise and services), the majority of the statistically significant correlations found between food system sustainability and drivers appear to be negative. The fact that most of these negative drivers are closely related to the global demographic transition that is currently affecting the world population highlights the magnitude of the challenges ahead. This analysis is the first one that provides quantitative evidence at the global scale about correlations between the four dimensions of sustainability of our food systems and specific drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Béné
- Decision and Policy Analysis Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jessica Fanzo
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Prager
- Decision and Policy Analysis Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | - Harold A. Achicanoy
- Decision and Policy Analysis Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | - Brendan R. Mapes
- Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Patricia Alvarez Toro
- Decision and Policy Analysis Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | - Camila Bonilla Cedrez
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Béné C, Barange M, Subasinghe R, Pinstrup-Andersen P, Merino G, Hemre GI, Williams M. Feeding 9 billion by 2050 – Putting fish back on the menu. Food Secur 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-015-0427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Béné
- Research Fellow in the Vulnerability and Poverty Reduction team at the Institute of Development Studies
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Béné C, Devereux S, Sabates-Wheeler R. Shocks and social protection in the Horn of Africa: analysis from the Productive Safety Net programme in Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Béné C, Wood RG, Newsham A, Davies M. Resilience: New Utopia or New Tyranny? Reflection about the Potentials and Limits of the Concept of Resilience in Relation to Vulnerability Reduction Programmes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-0209.2012.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Béné C, Lobry C. Discrete Versus Continuous Controlled System. J BIOL SYST 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339098000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Because decision making processes involve costly mechanisms, they seldom are implemented continuously but instead take place at discrete time intervals. The question is then: what is the impact of this process discreteness on the systems dynamics? This problem is set here in the context of fisheries. Through a very simple though realistic model representing a shrimp fishery, we show that a discrete decision making process may lead to dynamics that differ completely from those obtained with a continuous process. For this purpose, we consider the interaction between a shrimp stock and the exploiting fleet. We then focus on the decision process that governs the allocation of the fleet fishing effort between the two stages of this stock: the young adults living near the coast and the mature adults located offshore. We first analyze the behaviour of the system when the discreteness in the decision making is not accounted for. In that case, the system turns out to be globally stable. We then identify the behaviour of the system when the decision process is discretised. In that case the solutions of the system yield sustained periodic oscillations. Our conclusion is that discreteness which is known to occur in decision making processes of most anthropic systems should be taken into account, especially in studies aiming precisely at investigating the dynamics of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Béné
- Station Zoologique, Université de Paris VI, B.P. 28, 06234 Villefranche sur Mer, France
| | - Claude Lobry
- Centre International de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (CIMPA), 1 av. E. Cavell, 06000 Nice, France
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Abstract
The reported annual yield from inland capture fisheries in 2008 was over 10 million tonnes, although real catches are probably considerably higher than this. Inland fisheries are extremely complex, and in many cases poorly understood. The numerous water bodies and small rivers are inhabited by a wide range of species and several types of fisher community with diversified livelihood strategies for whom inland fisheries are extremely important. Many drivers affect the fisheries, including internal fisheries management practices. There are also many drivers from outside the fishery that influence the state and functioning of the environment as well as the social and economic framework within which the fishery is pursued. The drivers affecting the various types of inland water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands may differ, particularly with regard to ecosystem function. Many of these depend on land-use practices and demand for water which conflict with the sustainability of the fishery. Climate change is also exacerbating many of these factors. The future of inland fisheries varies between continents. In Asia and Africa the resources are very intensely exploited and there is probably little room for expansion; it is here that resources are most at risk. Inland fisheries are less heavily exploited in South and Central America, and in the North and South temperate zones inland fisheries are mostly oriented to recreation rather than food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Welcomme
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.
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Abstract
Among the many factors that contribute to overexploitation of marine fisheries, the role played by uncertainty is important. This uncertainty includes both the scientific uncertainties related to the resource dynamics or assessments and the uncontrollability of catches. Some recent works advocate for the use of marine reserves as a central element of future stock management. In the present paper, we study the influence of protected areas upon fisheries sustainability through a simple dynamic model integrating non-stochastic harvesting uncertainty and a constraint of safe minimum biomass level. Using the mathematical concept of invariance kernel in a robust and worst-case context, we examine through a formal modeling analysis how marine reserves might guarantee viable fisheries. We also show how sustainability requirement is not necessarily conflicting with optimization of catches. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the main findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Doyen
- Centre International de Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Développement, Campus Jardin Tropical de Paris, 94736 Nogent sur Marne, France
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17
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Béné C, Hurault de Ligny B, Kessler M, Duheille J, Faure G. [Current pathogenetic data on mesangial glomerulonephritis with immunoglobulin A deposits]. Presse Med 1988; 17:115-9. [PMID: 2964596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of mesangial immunoglobulin A nephropathies was elucidated through the analysis of their clinical features and investigation of their biological characteristics. An alteration of the mucosal immune system is currently considered chiefly responsible for these diseases. A dysregulation of other compartments of the immune system is likely to enhance this abnormality and/or contribute to the persistence of immune complexes. Little is known, however, about the etiology of these renal diseases, and their treatment remains palliative or preventive.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Béné
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR, Sciences médicales de Nancy, CHU, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
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