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Sarker B, Alam M, Uddin MJ. Relationship among weather variation, agricultural production, and migration: A systematic methodological review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2002. [PMID: 38567185 PMCID: PMC10985377 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Two main problems the globe currently facing are migration and weather variation. Weather change has a significant impact on the agricultural industry, which affects the majority of poor people. There is a dearth of adequate methodological documentation when examining the relationship between weather variation, agricultural output, and migration. We aimed to identify methodological reporting difficulties by reviewing the quantitative literature on weather-related migration through agricultural channels. Methods A systematic evaluation was conducted using papers published between January 2010 and June 2022, indexed in the SCOPUS, PUBMED, and Google Scholar databases. Using inclusion/exclusion criteria, we selected 22 original research articles out of 18,929 distinct articles for review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. We extracted data from each study to understand how various concepts, research designs, and investigative techniques influence our understanding of migration patterns related to weather in the agricultural sector. Results The majority (64%) of the study's data consisted of time series data. In 50% of the studies, secondary data were used. Additionally, 55% of these studies did not state the sample size. In 40% of the studies, model assumptions were fully adhered to, whereas in 36% of the studies, they were not followed at all. The majority of the articles used the Ordinary Least Squares technique, while about 41% applied the Two-Stage Least Squares technique. Various tests were conducted across these studies, such as robustness checks (59.1%), endogeneity tests (31.8%), omitted variable bias tests (22.7%), sensitivity analyses (22.7%), and weak instrument tests (13.6%), to name a few. In the research we selected, the methodology section had various shortcomings and lacked organization. Furthermore, the justifications for deviations from model assumptions were unclear, potentially affecting the study outcomes. Conclusion This study has important indications for researchers in studying climatic (weather) migration through agricultural channels besides for policymakers by giving a thorough review of the methods and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwajit Sarker
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
- Department of Agricultural StatisticsSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Masud Alam
- Department of Agricultural StatisticsSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
- Faculty of Graduate StudiesDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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2
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González-Ramírez LC, Djabayan-Djibeyan P, Prato JG, García Ríos CA, Carrero JC, Trelis M, Fuentes MV. Field study of parasitic contamination of fruits, vegetables and leafy greens in the Ecuadorian Andes. F1000Res 2024; 12:532. [PMID: 38273962 PMCID: PMC10808852 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132957.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Raw vegetables have been considered vehicles of enteroparasites. South American countries are among the most important exporters of fresh vegetables, including Ecuador, which has a tropical climate and soils rich in organic matter that allow it to harvest throughout the year for sale to different countries. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of the parasitic contamination of fruits, vegetables and leafy greens grown in an agricultural area of the Ecuadorian Andes. Methods A cross-sectional field study was conducted with snowball sampling on 1,416 samples (516 fruits, 488 vegetables, and 412 leafy greens). Each sample were washed with water, and the resulting solution after removing the vegetables, was subjected to 24-hour sedimentation. The concentrated sediment underwent microscopic analysis. Results The overall positivity for parasitic contamination was 63.4%, with leafy greens having the highest contamination rate (76.9%) (P<0.0001), surpassing vegetables (67.8%) and fruits (48.4%). Cabbage (100%), onions (84%), and strawberries (60.2%) emerged as the most contaminated within their respective groups. Protozoa were more prevalent (49.6%) than helminths (15.5%) (P<0.0001). Blastocystis sp. (33.5%) ranked highest, followed by Eimeria spp. (26.3%), Entamoeba spp. (10.3%), Giardia spp. (8.3%), Balantidium spp. (6.9%), Cryptosporidium spp. (6.6%), Cyclospora spp. (4.4%), Cystoisospora spp. (0.5%), Strongylida (15.5%), and Ascaris spp. (0.4%). Conclusions The study reveals that vegetables and fruits for human consumption from this area of the Ecuadorian Andes are highly contaminated with various parasites, constituting a possible source of infection for humans and animals in this area, or in non-endemic areas where these products are marketed. The finding emphasizes the need for strict hygienic measures in agricultural crops, which will be properly achieved through the treatment of soil, manure and water used for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Carolina González-Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación "Análisis de Muestras Biológicas y Forenses", Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Djabayan-Djibeyan
- Grupo de Investigación "Salud Pública", Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
| | - José G. Prato
- Grupo de Investigación “Estudios Interdisciplinarios”, Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
| | - Cecilia Alejandra García Ríos
- Grupo de Investigación "Salud Pública", Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
- Facultad de Salud Pública, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - María Trelis
- Research Group "Parasites and Health", Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot/Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, 46010, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Universitat de València - Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Valencian Community, 46026, Spain
| | - Màrius Vicent Fuentes
- Research Group "Parasites and Health", Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot/Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, 46010, Spain
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Beerling DJ, Epihov DZ, Kantola IB, Masters MD, Reershemius T, Planavsky NJ, Reinhard CT, Jordan JS, Thorne SJ, Weber J, Val Martin M, Freckleton RP, Hartley SE, James RH, Pearce CR, DeLucia EH, Banwart SA. Enhanced weathering in the US Corn Belt delivers carbon removal with agronomic benefits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319436121. [PMID: 38386712 PMCID: PMC10907306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319436121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks, such as crushed basalt, on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. We report findings from a large-scale replicated EW field trial across a typical maize-soybean rotation on an experimental farm in the heart of the United Sates Corn Belt over 4 y (2016 to 2020). We show an average combined loss of major cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) from crushed basalt applied each fall over 4 y (50 t ha-1 y-1) gave a conservative time-integrated cumulative CDR potential of 10.5 ± 3.8 t CO2 ha-1. Maize and soybean yields increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 12 to 16% with EW following improved soil fertility, decreased soil acidification, and upregulation of root nutrient transport genes. Yield enhancements with EW were achieved with significantly (P < 0.05) increased key micro- and macronutrient concentrations (including potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc), thus improving or maintaining crop nutritional status. We observed no significant increase in the content of trace metals in grains of maize or soybean or soil exchangeable pools relative to controls. Our findings suggest that widespread adoption of EW across farming sectors has the potential to contribute significantly to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goals while simultaneously improving food and soil security.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Beerling
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitar Z. Epihov
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Ilsa B. Kantola
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Michael D. Masters
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Tom Reershemius
- Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Noah J. Planavsky
- Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Christopher T. Reinhard
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | | | - Sarah J. Thorne
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - James Weber
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Val Martin
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Freckleton
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Sue E. Hartley
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael H. James
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Evan H. DeLucia
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Steven A. Banwart
- Global Food and Environment Institute, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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4
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang H, Xu J, Gao X, Zhang T, Liu X, Guo L, Zhao D. Environmental F actors coordinate circadian clock function and rhythm to regulate plant development. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2231202. [PMID: 37481743 PMCID: PMC10364662 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2231202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the external environment necessitate plant growth plasticity, with environmental signals such as light, temperature, and humidity regulating growth and development. The plant circadian clock is a biological time keeper that can be "reset" to adjust internal time to changes in the external environment. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms behind plant acclimation to environmental factors is important for understanding how plant growth and development are shaped and for boosting agricultural production. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the coordinated regulation of plant growth and development by environmental signals and the circadian clock, further discussing the potential of this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuru Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaokuan Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Tengteng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xigang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Bayer AD, Lautenbach S, Arneth A. Benefits and trade-offs of optimizing global land use for food, water, and carbon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220371120. [PMID: 37812710 PMCID: PMC10589704 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220371120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Current large-scale patterns of land use reflect history, local traditions, and production costs, much more so than they reflect biophysical potential or global supply and demand for food and freshwater, or-more recently-climate change mitigation. We quantified alternative land-use allocations that consider trade-offs for these demands by combining a dynamic vegetation model and an optimization algorithm to determine Pareto-optimal land-use allocations under changing climate conditions in 2090-2099 and alternatively in 2033-2042. These form the outer bounds of the option space for global land-use transformation. Results show a potential to increase all three indicators (+83% in crop production, +8% in available runoff, and +3% in carbon storage globally) compared to the current land-use configuration, with clear land-use priority areas: Tropical and boreal forests were preserved, crops were produced in temperate regions, and pastures were preferentially allocated in semiarid grasslands and savannas. Transformations toward optimal land-use patterns would imply extensive reconfigurations and changes in land management, but the required annual land-use changes were nevertheless of similar magnitude as those suggested by established land-use change scenarios. The optimization results clearly show that large benefits could be achieved when land use is reconsidered under a "global supply" perspective with a regional focus that differs across the world's regions in order to achieve the supply of key ecosystem services under the emerging global pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita D. Bayer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Global Land-Ecosystem Modelling group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Sven Lautenbach
- Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology (HeiGIT) at Heidelberg University, 69118Heidelberg, Germany
- GIScience Research Group, Heidelberg University, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Global Land-Ecosystem Modelling group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
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Morizet-Davis J, Marting Vidaurre NA, Reinmuth E, Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Schlecht V, Schmidt S, Singh K, Vargas-Carpintero R, Wagner M, von Cossel M. Ecosystem Services at the Farm Level-Overview, Synergies, Trade-Offs, and Stakeholder Analysis. Glob Chall 2023; 7:2200225. [PMID: 37483416 PMCID: PMC10362122 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The current geological epoch is characterized by anthropogenic activity that greatly impacts on natural ecosystems and their integrity. The complex networks of ecosystem services (ESs) are often ignored because the provision of natural resources, such as food and industrial crops, is mistakenly viewed as an independent process separate from ecosystems and ignoring the impacts on ecosystems. Recently, research has intensified on how to evaluate and manage ES to minimize environmental impacts, but it remains unclear how to balance anthropogenic activity and ecosystem integrity. This paper reviews the main ESs at farm level including provisioning, regulating, habitat, and cultural services. For these ESs, synergies are outlined and evaluated along with the respective practices (e.g., cover- and intercropping) and ES suppliers (e.g., pollinators and biocontrol agents). Further, several farm-level ES trade-offs are discussed along with a proposal for their evaluation. Finally, a framework for stakeholder approaches specific to farm-level ES is put forward, along with an outlook on how existing precision agriculture technologies can be adapted for improved assessment of ES bundles. This is believed to provide a useful framework for both decision makers and stakeholders to facilitate the development of more sustainable and resilient farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Morizet-Davis
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b) Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Nirvana A Marting Vidaurre
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b) Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Evelyn Reinmuth
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b) Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Valentin Schlecht
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b) Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Queensland The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 QLD Australia
| | - Kripal Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Andong National University Andong 36729 Republic of Korea
| | - Ricardo Vargas-Carpintero
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b) Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Moritz Wagner
- Department of Applied Ecology Hochschule Geisenheim University 65366 Geisenheim Germany
| | - Moritz von Cossel
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b) Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim 70599 Stuttgart Germany
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7
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Puška A, Lukić M, Božanić D, Nedeljković M, Hezam IM. Selection of an Insurance Company in Agriculture through Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:959. [PMID: 37372302 DOI: 10.3390/e25060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Crop insurance is used to reduce risk in agriculture. This research is focused on selecting an insurance company that provides the best policy conditions for crop insurance. A total of five insurance companies that provide crop insurance services in the Republic of Serbia were selected. To choose the insurance company that provides the best policy conditions for farmers, expert opinions were solicited. In addition, fuzzy methods were used to assess the weights of the various criteria and to evaluate insurance companies. The weight of each criterion was determined using a combined approach based on fuzzy LMAW (the logarithm methodology of additive weights) and entropy methods. Fuzzy LMAW was used to determine the weights subjectively through expert ratings, while fuzzy entropy was used to determine the weights objectively. The results of these methods showed that the price criterion received the highest weight. The selection of the insurance company was made using the fuzzy CRADIS (compromise ranking of alternatives, from distance to ideal solution) method. The results of this method showed that the insurance company DDOR offers the best conditions for crop insurance for farmers. These results were confirmed by a validation of the results and sensitivity analysis. Based on all of this, it was shown that fuzzy methods can be used in the selection of insurance companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adis Puška
- Government of Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Department of Public Safety, Bulevara Mira 1, 76100 Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marija Lukić
- Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, Economics, Finance and Banking, Mitropolita Petra 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Božanić
- Military Academy, University of Defence in Belgrade, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ibrahim M Hezam
- Statistics & Operations Research Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hammerschmiedt T, Holatko J, Zelinka R, Kintl A, Skarpa P, Bytesnikova Z, Richtera L, Mustafa A, Malicek O, Brtnicky M. The combined effect of graphene oxide and elemental nano-sulfur on soil biological properties and lettuce plant biomass. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1057133. [PMID: 36998685 PMCID: PMC10043190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1057133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The impact of graphene oxide (GO) nanocarbon on soil properties is mixed, with both negative and positive effects. Although it decreases the viability of some microbes, there are few studies on how its single amendment to soil or in combination with nanosized sulfur benefits soil microorganisms and nutrient transformation. Therefore, an eight-week pot experiment was carried out under controlled conditions (growth chamber with artificial light) in soil seeded with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and amended with GO or nano-sulfur on their own or their several combinations. The following variants were tested: (I) Control, (II) GO, (III) Low nano-S + GO, (IV) High nano-S + GO, (V) Low nano-S, (VI) High nano-S. Results revealed no significant differences in soil pH, dry plant aboveground, and root biomass among all five amended variants and the control group. The greatest positive effect on soil respiration was observed when GO was used alone, and this effect remained significant even when it was combined with high nano-S. Low nano-S plus a GO dose negatively affected some of the soil respiration types: NAG_SIR, Tre_SIR, Ala_SIR, and Arg_SIR. Single GO application was found to enhance arylsulfatase activity, while the combination of high nano-S and GO not only enhanced arylsulfatase but also urease and phosphatase activity in the soil. The elemental nano-S probably counteracted the GO-mediated effect on organic carbon oxidation. We partially proved the hypothesis that GO-enhanced nano-S oxidation increases phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Rapotin, Czechia
| | - Radim Zelinka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
| | - Petr Skarpa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Bytesnikova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Malicek
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
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Abstract
Salt-affected soil and carbon emissions are worldwide problems. Tiny microalgae hold huge power to remediate soil and reduce carbon. An eco-friendly and cost-effective approach is proposed to remediate salt-affected soils using microalgal eco-farms, which would deliver threefold benefits: salt-affected soil amelioration, CO2 reduction, and agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Pei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
| | - Ze Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
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10
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Yang F, Li J, Du Y, Liu R, Li W, Yu L. Ionizing Radiation: Effective Physical Agents for Economic Crop Seed Priming and the Underlying Physiological Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315212. [PMID: 36499532 PMCID: PMC9737873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome various factors that limit crop production and to meet the growing demand for food by the increasing world population. Seed priming technology has been proposed, and it is considered to be a promising strategy for agricultural sciences and food technology. This technology helps to curtail the germination time, increase the seed vigor, improve the seedling establishment, and enhance the stress tolerance, all of which are conducive to improving the crop yield. Meanwhile, it can be used to reduce seed infection for better physiological or phytosanitary quality. Compared to conventional methods, such as the use of water or chemical-based agents, X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, proton beams, and heavy ion beams have emerged as promising physics strategies for seed priming as they are time-saving, more effective, environmentally friendly, and there is a greater certainty for yield improvement. Ionizing radiation (IR) has certain biological advantages over other seed priming methods since it generates charged ions while penetrating through the target organisms, and it has enough energy to cause biological effects. However, before the wide utilization of ionizing priming methods in agriculture, extensive research is needed to explore their effects on seed priming and to focus on the underlying mechanism of them. Overall, this review aims to highlight the current understanding of ionizing priming methods and their applicability for promoting agroecological resilience and meeting the challenges of food crises nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 57 George Square, Edinburgh EH89JU, UK
| | - Libin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jingpeng Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lixia Yu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (L.Y.)
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11
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Zhang H, Liu F, Zhang J. Using composite system index to identify China's ecological and socio-economic transition zone. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1057271. [PMID: 36483960 PMCID: PMC9723357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Regions with synthetic geographical gradients tend to exhibit distinct ecological transitions. As a compound ecosystem, transition zone can provide a basis for decision-making in the sustainable ecological management by investigating its boundary and complexity. To determine the characteristics of the transition zone where natural ecological and socio-economic factors interact, a conceptual framework and a quantitative identification method for the ecotone of coupled human and natural systems have been proposed. The composite system index can be used to ascertain the coupling intensity, coupling direction, and ecological transition of the system. Taking China as an example, this study showed evidence of the existence of a tremendous amount of ecological and socio-economic transition zone (complex coupled areas) between the east and west of China, and sporadic ecotone in other regions of the country. This transition zone accounted for about 1/4 of China's land surface area, and had a fragile environment that faced challenges of environmental protection and economic development. In the area across the Hu Line, human and natural factors jointly explain a low proportion of the variance in ecological and socio-economic transition zone (the complexity of coupled systems, with 62.01% of unexplained proportion higher than that in other regions). In this region, the topographic position index was the critical element associated with the transition zone, and accounted for nearly 20% of the variation of composite system index. The discovery and characterization of the ecological and socio-economic transition zone is crucial for understanding its uncertainty and diversity and the complex of coupled ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Jinan, China
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12
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Yang T, Huang X, Wang Y, Li H, Guo L. Dynamic Linkages among Climate Change, Mechanization and Agricultural Carbon Emissions in Rural China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14508. [PMID: 36361388 PMCID: PMC9658471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has become a major environmental issue facing all countries, having a significant effect on all aspects of agricultural production, such as the agricultural mechanization process and fertilizer use. Greenhouse gases produced by agricultural machinery and fertilizers during agricultural production are an important cause of climate change. On the basis of the above facts, researching the connection between agricultural mechanization, climate change, and agricultural carbon emissions is crucial for the development of low-carbon agriculture and for addressing climate change. We used a variety of econometric models and methods to analyze data from China's multiple provinces (cities) covering the years 2000 through 2019, in order to meet the research objectives. Furthermore, we utilized rainfall and sunlight as variables to assess climate change and adopted Granger tests to establish the link between rainfall, sunlight, agricultural mechanization, and carbon emissions in farming. The findings indicate a bidirectional causality relationship between rainfall, sunlight, agricultural mechanization, and carbon emissions in farming. Rainfall and sunlight are Granger causes of agricultural mechanization. Furthermore, agricultural mechanization has favorable effects on carbon emissions of agriculture, and climate change has long-term implications on agricultural mechanization and carbon emissions of agriculture. Finally, this paper investigated the green path suitable for the low-carbon development of Chinese agriculture, arguing that the government should formulate low-carbon agricultural policies by region and actively promote the upgrading of agricultural machinery.
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13
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Guo L, Guo S, Tang M, Su M, Li H. Financial Support for Agriculture, Chemical Fertilizer Use, and Carbon Emissions from Agricultural Production in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19127155. [PMID: 35742399 PMCID: PMC9222717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the past 15 years, China has emitted the most carbon dioxide globally. The overuse of chemical fertilizer is an essential reason for agricultural carbon emissions. In recent years, China has paid more and more attention to financial support for agriculture. Therefore, understanding the relationship between chemical fertilizer use, financial support for agriculture, and agricultural carbon emissions will benefit sustainable agricultural production. To achieve the goal of our research, we selected the panel data of 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2000 to 2019 and employed a series of methods in this research. The results demonstrate that: the effect of chemical fertilizer consumption on agricultural carbon emissions is positive. Moreover, financial support for agriculture has a significantly positive impact on reducing carbon emissions from agricultural production. In addition, the results of causality tests testify to one−way causality from financial support for agriculture to carbon emissions from agricultural production, the bidirectional causal relationship between chemical fertilizer use and financial support for agriculture, and two−way causality between chemical fertilizer use and agricultural carbon emissions. Furthermore, the results of variance decomposition analysis represent that financial support for agriculture will significantly affect chemical fertilizer use and carbon emissions in the agricultural sector over the next decade. Finally, we provide several policy suggestions to promote low−carbon agricultural production based on the results of this study. The government should uphold the concept of sustainable agriculture, increase financial support for environmental−friendly agriculture, and encourage the research and use of cleaner agricultural production technologies and chemical fertilizer substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.G.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Sihang Guo
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.G.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mengqian Tang
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.G.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mengying Su
- College of Economics, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Houjian Li
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.G.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (H.L.)
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14
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Wang J, Sun S, Yin Y, Wang K, Sun J, Tang Y, Zhao J. Water-Food-Carbon Nexus Related to the Producer-Consumer Link: A Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:938-952. [PMID: 35254401 PMCID: PMC9156389 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the water-food-carbon nexus is key to promoting the harmonious development of human society and environmental resources. The sustainable development of agricultural production systems is being challenged by water scarcity and climate change. Crop growth and irrigation consume large amounts of water, and greenhouse gases are generated due to processes such as fertilizer application and enteric fermentation. These environmental impacts accompany the agricultural production process and are thus embedded in the entire life cycle of diverse food items; in turn, consumers' food choices indirectly impact water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing agricultural water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during food production have become crucial issues in mitigating the projected water, climate, and food crises. From the consumer's perspective, diets vary regionally due to different natural conditions for food production and varying socioeconomic and income levels. This review delves into the interactions between diet and its potential environmental impacts, including water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, in order to support further development of the water-food-carbon nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Shikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Yali Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Yihe Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China.,College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
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15
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Wang H, Li J, Yang Q, Wang L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Li R, Zhang R, Tao X, E Valverde B, Qiang S, Kalaji HM, Chen S. Natural 2-Amino-3-Methylhexanoic Acid as Plant Elicitor Inducing Resistance against Temperature Stress and Pathogen Attack. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5715. [PMID: 35628524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid (AMHA) was synthetized as a non-natural amino acid more than 70 years ago; however, its possible function as an inducer of plant resistance has not been reported. Plant resistance inducers, also known as plant elicitors, are becoming a novel and important development direction in crop protection and pest management. We found that free AMHA accumulated in the mycelia but not in fermentation broths of four fungal species, Magnaporthe oryzae and three Alternaria spp. We unequivocally confirmed that AMHA is a naturally occurring endogenous (2S, 3S)-α-amino acid, based on isolation, purification and structural analyses. Further experiments demonstrated that AMHA has potent activity-enhancing resistance against extreme temperature stresses in several plant species. It is also highly active against fungal, bacterial and viral diseases by inducing plant resistance. AMHA pretreatment strongly protected wheat against powdery mildew, Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and tobacco against Tomato spotted wilt virus. AMHA exhibits a great potential to become a unique natural elicitor protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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16
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Chen L, Sun S, Yao B, Peng Y, Gao C, Qin T, Zhou Y, Sun C, Quan W. Effects of straw return and straw biochar on soil properties and crop growth: A review. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:986763. [PMID: 36237511 PMCID: PMC9552067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Straw return is an effective method for disposing agricultural residues. It not only utilizes agricultural waste but also improves soil. In the current review, different crop straw and its characteristics were highlighted, and patterns of straw return were explored (including straw return, straw biochar return, and their combined with fertilizer return), as well as their environmental impacts were outlined. In addition, the effects of straw return and straw biochar amendment on soil properties [e.g., pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P)/potassium (K), soil enzyme activities, and soil microbes] were discussed. Information collected from this review proposed that straw return and straw biochar return or in combination with fertilizer is an applicable way for improving soil fertility and enhancing crop production. Straw return is beneficial to soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial features. The rice straw has positive impacts on crop growth. However, there are different climate types, soil types and crops in China, meaning that the future research need long-term experiment to assess the complex interactions among straw, soil, and plant eco-systems. Accordingly, this review aims to provide available information on the application of straw return in terms of different patterns of its to justify and to expand their effective promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Songlin Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yao
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Yao, ; Chaoran Sun,
| | - Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chongfeng Gao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Qin
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaoran Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Yao, ; Chaoran Sun,
| | - Wei Quan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Shimada G. The Impact of Climate-Change-Related Disasters on Africa's Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Conflicts: Can Humanitarian Aid and Food Assistance Offset the Damage? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:467. [PMID: 35010724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the impact of climate-related natural disasters (droughts, floods, storms/rainstorms) on economic and social variables. As the Africa-specific empirical literature is limited, this study used panel data from 1961–2011 on Africa. The study used a panel data regression model analysis. The results showed that climate change-related natural disasters affected Africa’s economic growth, agriculture, and poverty and caused armed conflicts. Among the disasters, droughts are the main cause of negative impact, severely affecting crops such as maize and coffee and resulting in increased urban poverty and armed conflicts. In contrast, international aid has a positive effect but the impact is insignificant compared to the negative consequences of climate-related natural disasters. Cereal food assistance has a negative crowding-out effect on cereal production. International donors should review their interventions to support Africa’s adaptative capacity to disasters. Government efficiency has reduced the number of deaths, and this is an area that supports Africa’s adaptative efforts.
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Guo Y, Wang J. Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:11911. [PMID: 34831667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical fertilizers are important inputs in agricultural production. They not only increase crop yield but also bring many negative effects, such as agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, a scientific understanding of the regional differences in chemical fertilizer application and its environmental risks is of significance to promote China’s agricultural development. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of chemical fertilizer application intensity (CFAI) in China since 2000, evaluated the environmental risks of provincial CFAI, and investigated the internal mechanism behind them. The results showed that the total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application in China from 2000 to 2019 presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In 2000 and 2019, provincial CFAI in eastern China was generally higher than that in central and western China, and the environmental risks of provincial CFAI were spatially characterized by “high in the north and low in the south”. Factors such as poor soil conditions, unreasonable farming structure and backward fertilization methods are the main reasons for the continuous increase in the total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application, while the construction of ecological civilization and the transformation of society and economy are the main reasons for their decline. Finally, measures such as targeted fertilization, adjusting the use structure of chemical fertilizers, improving fertilization methods and replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers are proposed to promote the quantity reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizer application in China.
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Tadesse S, Kershaw M, Knapp R, Gizaw R, Biadgilign S, Feleke A, Dessalegn Y, Abuye C, Kennedy E. Household Decision-Making: Implications for Production, Consumption, and Sale of Nutrient-Rich Foods. Food Nutr Bull 2021; 43:3-13. [PMID: 34601956 DOI: 10.1177/03795721211026780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Household decision-making influences choices related to the production, sale, purchase, and consumption of nutrient-rich foods. The present study assessed the effect of household decision-making in two regions of Ethiopia within two groups of households, most vulnerable households and model farmer households. The study focused on identifying barriers and facilitators relating to decisions about nutrient-rich foods-in this case fruits, vegetables, and animal source foods. The results provide insights into how future agricultural programs can affect key aspects of decision-making to maximize the positive impacts on diet and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Kershaw
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rahel Gizaw
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sibhatu Biadgilign
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amare Feleke
- Land O' Lakes International Development, Arden Hills, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Eileen Kennedy
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA
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Faizan M, Rajput VD, Al-Khuraif AA, Arshad M, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Yu F. Effect of Foliar Fertigation of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Cadmium Accumulation and Toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10070666. [PMID: 34356521 PMCID: PMC8301443 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The experiment conducted on Solanum lycopersicum provided an insight about Cd uptake, and the way a Solanum lycopersicum changes its physiological, biochemical and morphological responses when CTS-NPs are administered against Cd. As an effective important polymer, CTS-NPs enhanced the plant biomass, SPAD index, photosynthetic rate, and protein content in the Solanum lycopersicum plants grown in Cd stress, as a study herein. Addition of CTS-NPs reduced Cd accumulation by increasing the nutrient uptake. Furthermore, CTS-NPs treatment enhances tolerance to Cd stress through hampering ROS production accompanied by H2O2 activity, through reducing the peroxidation of lipids by minimizing MDA content, and through improving enzymatic (CAT, POX, SOD), non-enzymatic (GSH and AsA), and osmoprotectants (proline) antioxidant contents that are considered as a first line of defense to protect plants from stress. Abstract Cadmium (Cd) stress is increasing at a high pace and is polluting the agricultural land. As a result, it affects animals and the human population via entering into the food chain. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of amelioration of Cd stress through chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-NPs). After 15 days of sowing (DAS), Solanum lycopersicum seedlings were transplanted into maintained pots (20 in number). Cadmium (0.8 mM) was providing in the soil as CdCl2·2.5H2O at the time of transplanting; however, CTS-NPs (100 µg/mL) were given through foliar spray at 25 DAS. Data procured from the present experiment suggests that Cd toxicity considerably reduces the plant morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence, in addition to photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity and protein content. However, foliar application of CTS-NPs was effective in increasing the shoot dry weight (38%), net photosynthetic rate (45%) and SPAD index (40%), while a decrease in malondialdehyde (24%) and hydrogen peroxide (20%) was observed at the 30 DAS stage as compared to control plants. On behalf of the current results, it is demonstrated that foliar treatment of CTS-NPs might be an efficient approach to ameliorate the toxic effects of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Khuraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.A.)
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (V.D.R.); (F.Y.)
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Nidhi S, Anand U, Oleksak P, Tripathi P, Lal JA, Thomas G, Kuca K, Tripathi V. Novel CRISPR-Cas Systems: An Updated Review of the Current Achievements, Applications, and Future Research Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3327. [PMID: 33805113 PMCID: PMC8036902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to Darwin's theory, endless evolution leads to a revolution. One such example is the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system, an adaptive immunity system in most archaea and many bacteria. Gene editing technology possesses a crucial potential to dramatically impact miscellaneous areas of life, and CRISPR-Cas represents the most suitable strategy. The system has ignited a revolution in the field of genetic engineering. The ease, precision, affordability of this system is akin to a Midas touch for researchers editing genomes. Undoubtedly, the applications of this system are endless. The CRISPR-Cas system is extensively employed in the treatment of infectious and genetic diseases, in metabolic disorders, in curing cancer, in developing sustainable methods for fuel production and chemicals, in improving the quality and quantity of food crops, and thus in catering to global food demands. Future applications of CRISPR-Cas will provide benefits for everyone and will save countless lives. The technology is evolving rapidly; therefore, an overview of continuous improvement is important. In this review, we aim to elucidate the current state of the CRISPR-Cas revolution in a tailor-made format from its discovery to exciting breakthroughs at the application level and further upcoming trends related to opportunities and challenges including ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Nidhi
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Pooja Tripathi
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Jonathan A. Lal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India; (J.A.L.); (G.T.)
| | - George Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India; (J.A.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India; (J.A.L.); (G.T.)
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22
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Nguenha N, Cunguara B, Bialous S, Drope J, Lencucha R. An Overview of the Policy and Market Landscape of Tobacco Production and Control in Mozambique. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:E343. [PMID: 33466388 PMCID: PMC7795975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tobacco growing has been considered a mainstay of Mozambique's economy, but there is a dearth of analysis of the tobacco policy landscape in the country. Methods: Review of government and non-government documents and academic papers addressing Mozambique's tobacco-growing history, the changes in the political economy of tobacco, and health policies addressing tobacco use and prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Results: Despite its tobacco growing and exporting history, the contribution of tobacco to the economy has been in steady decline in the past two decades, including in the areas dedicated to growing. At the same time there has been an increase in multinational control of the tobacco economy. In parallel, Mozambique's commitment to addressing the growing burden of noncommunicable disease and accession to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control indicate a potential for internal government tensions to balance immediate economic interests with long term health goals. Conclusions: With the decline in tobacco share of the overall economy, Mozambique may be well-positioned to explore alternative, sustainable livelihoods for farmers that grow tobacco, but it must overcome inter-sectoral barriers and advocate for a whole of government approach to address the health and economic impact of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nguenha
- Independent Researcher, Av. Vladmir Lenine #2081, Flat 1.4, Maputo P.O. Box 55, Mozambique;
| | - Benedito Cunguara
- Independent Researcher, Av. Vladmir Lenine #2081, Flat 1.4, Maputo P.O. Box 55, Mozambique;
| | - Stella Bialous
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, School of Nursing, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Rd., Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Raphael Lencucha
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3630 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada;
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23
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Ramirez-Hernandez A, Galagarza OA, Álvarez Rodriguez MV, Pachari Vera E, Valdez Ortiz MDC, Deering AJ, Oliver HF. Food safety in Peru: A review of fresh produce production and challenges in the public health system. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3323-3342. [PMID: 33337060 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peru has a commodities-based economy where agriculture plays an essential role in the nation's development. Among agricultural products, fruits and vegetables are foundational to Peruvian culture and a healthy and nutritious diet. Produce is also the primary income source for thousands of small-scale farmers and producers throughout the country. Peru has significant potential to export agricultural and value-added products. Nevertheless, the Peruvian food chain has weak food safety and quality standards, limiting access to international markets. The inherent lack of food safety surveillance and management systems negatively affects public health. In the past decade, fresh and raw produce has been associated with several foodborne outbreaks worldwide, resulting in significant health and economic losses. This alarming situation for public health officials and regulators has called for the strengthening of produce safety standards and food safety risk management for safer food and to reduce the incidence of foodborne illnesses. This review summarizes the current status of produce safety in Peru and explores opportunities (e.g., policy, university capacity development) toward a safer food system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erika Pachari Vera
- Process Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
| | | | - Amanda J Deering
- Food Science Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Haley F Oliver
- Food Science Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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24
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Zamora-Sequeira R, Starbird-Pérez R, Rojas-Carillo O, Vargas-Villalobos S. What are the Main Sensor Methods for Quantifying Pesticides in Agricultural Activities? A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E2659. [PMID: 31340442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in pesticide use to improve crop production due to the growth of agricultural activities. Consequently, various pesticides have been present in the environment for an extended period of time. This review presents a general description of recent advances in the development of methods for the quantification of pesticides used in agricultural activities. Current advances focus on improving sensitivity and selectivity through the use of nanomaterials in both sensor assemblies and new biosensors. In this study, we summarize the electrochemical, optical, nano-colorimetric, piezoelectric, chemo-luminescent and fluorescent techniques related to the determination of agricultural pesticides. A brief description of each method and its applications, detection limit, purpose—which is to efficiently determine pesticides—cost and precision are considered. The main crops that are assessed in this study are bananas, although other fruits and vegetables contaminated with pesticides are also mentioned. While many studies have assessed biosensors for the determination of pesticides, the research in this area needs to be expanded to allow for a balance between agricultural activities and environmental protection.
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25
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Berggren Å, Jansson A, Low M. Approaching Ecological Sustainability in the Emerging Insects-as-Food Industry. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:132-138. [PMID: 30655013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The emerging insects-as-food industry is increasingly promoted as a sustainable alternative to other animal protein production systems. However, the exact nature of its environmental benefits are uncertain because of the overwhelming lack of knowledge concerning almost every aspect of production: from suitable species, their housing and feed requirements, and potential for accidental release. If ecological sustainability is to be a hallmark of mass insect rearing for consumption, ecologists need to engage in research related to sustainability criteria that are directly linked to key elements of the development of the industry. There is more to this subject than simply comparing feed-conversion ratios (FCRs) of insects to traditional livestock production, and we highlight areas where research needs to be immediately focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Berggren
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Jansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Ziolkowska JR, Zubillaga J. Importance of weather monitoring for agricultural decision-making - an exploratory behavioral study for Oklahoma Mesonet. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:4945-4954. [PMID: 29577307 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Oklahoma Mesonet (the statewide environmental and weather monitoring network) has monitored changes in weather patterns since 1994 to provide accurate and timely mesoscale weather information to farmers and other groups. Studies are still scarce that would quantitatively assess farmers' perceptions about the value of the Oklahoma Mesonet contributions to agricultural operations, profitability of land management, and decision making. This paper aims to analyze those questions by means of an exploratory empirical study in Oklahoma for two groups of Mesonet users and non-users. RESULTS Familiarity with and application of Mesonet information determines farmers' profitability assessments and decision making. Farmers' perceptions are also influenced by the degree of previous exposure to weather-related losses. The median estimate of the economic value of Mesonet information is $1000 per year. Mesonet users perceive higher profitability from the application of Mesonet data at 7.6/10, whereas Mesonet non-users provided an average assessment of 2.6/10. CONCLUSIONS Consistent use of Mesonet information results in a higher assessment of the importance of Mesonet. This research provides some initial insights into farmers' perceptions about the value of Oklahoma Mesonet information, which could guide stakeholders in developing measures to better serve farmers with environmental monitoring data for improved farm decisions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga R Ziolkowska
- The University of Oklahoma, Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, Norman, USA
| | - Jesus Zubillaga
- The University of Oklahoma, Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, Norman, USA
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27
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Abstract
Fired bricks are used for construction purposes over the millennia, going back to the Indus Valley Civilization. The traditional brick-making process involves removal of agriculturally productive topsoil rich in clay and soil organic matter contents. In addition to the removal of the fertile topsoil and accelerated degradation by other processes, the traditional clay brick making process also emits CO2 and other gases into the atmosphere. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the impact of brick making in India on: (i) the magnitude of annual CO2 emission and (ii) the loss of agricultural production. Currently, 0.7 Mha (million hectare) of agricultural land is under brick kilns that produce ≈250 billion bricks annually. It is estimated that soil organic carbon lost through the firing process of 250 billion bricks is 5.58-6.12 Tg (teragram) (20.48-22.46 Tg CO2), and in conjunction with clay burning and coal combustion the process releases 40.65-42.64 Tg CO2 into the atmosphere per annum. Brick kiln also impacts quality of the exposed subsoil, and may also reduce 60-90% agronomic yield. Therefore, brick making from topsoil exacerbates food and nutritional insecurity by degrading soil quality, and increases risks of climate change through increase in gaseous emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Jyoti Nath
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceAssam UniversitySilchar788011India
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration CenterOhio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Ashesh Kumar Das
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceAssam UniversitySilchar788011India
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28
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McLellan EL, Cassman KG, Eagle AJ, Woodbury PB, Sela S, Tonitto C, Marjerison RD, van Es HM. The Nitrogen Balancing Act: Tracking the Environmental Performance of Food Production. Bioscience 2018; 68:194-203. [PMID: 29662247 PMCID: PMC5894078 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmers, food supply-chain entities, and policymakers need a simple but robust indicator to demonstrate progress toward reducing nitrogen pollution associated with food production. We show that nitrogen balance—the difference between nitrogen inputs and nitrogen outputs in an agricultural production system—is a robust measure of nitrogen losses that is simple to calculate, easily understood, and based on readily available farm data. Nitrogen balance provides farmers with a means of demonstrating to an increasingly concerned public that they are succeeding in reducing nitrogen losses while also improving the overall sustainability of their farming operation. Likewise, supply-chain companies and policymakers can use nitrogen balance to track progress toward sustainability goals. We describe the value of nitrogen balance in translating environmental targets into actionable goals for farmers and illustrate the potential roles of science, policy, and agricultural support networks in helping farmers achieve them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth G Cassman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | | | - Peter B Woodbury
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Shai Sela
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Christina Tonitto
- Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture, and Development, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Harold M van Es
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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29
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Tito R, Vasconcelos HL, Feeley KJ. Global climate change increases risk of crop yield losses and food insecurity in the tropical Andes. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:e592-e602. [PMID: 29055170 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest current challenges to human society is ensuring adequate food production and security for a rapidly growing population under changing climatic conditions. Climate change, and specifically rising temperatures, will alter the suitability of areas for specific crops and cultivation systems. In order to maintain yields, farmers may be forced to change cultivation practices, the timing of cultivation, or even the type of crops grown. Alternatively, farmers can change the location where crops are cultivated (e.g., to higher elevations) to track suitable climates (in which case the plants will have to grow in different soils), as cultivated plants will otherwise have to tolerate warmer temperatures and possibly face novel enemies. We simulated these two last possible scenarios (for temperature increases of 1.3°C and 2.6°C) in the Peruvian Andes through a field experiment in which several traditionally grown varieties of potato and maize were planted at different elevations (and thus temperatures) using either the local soil or soil translocated from higher elevations. Maize production declined by 21%-29% in response to new soil conditions. The production of maize and potatoes declined by >87% when plants were grown under warmer temperatures, mainly as a result of the greater incidence of novel pests. Crop quality and value also declined under simulated migration and warming scenarios. We estimated that local farmers may experience severe economic losses of up to 2,300 US$ ha-1 yr-1 . These findings reveal that climate change is a real and imminent threat to agriculture and that there is a pressing need to develop effective management strategies to reduce yield losses and prevent food insecurity. Importantly, such strategies should take into account the influences of non-climatic and/or biotic factors (e.g., novel pests) on plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Tito
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Herbario Vargaz (CUZ), Escuela Profesional de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | | | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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30
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Seppelt R, Beckmann M, Ceauşu S, Cord AF, Gerstner K, Gurevitch J, Kambach S, Klotz S, Mendenhall C, Phillips HRP, Powell K, Verburg PH, Verhagen W, Winter M, Newbold T. Harmonizing Biodiversity Conservation and Productivity in the Context of Increasing Demands on Landscapes. Bioscience 2016; 66:890-896. [PMID: 29599534 PMCID: PMC5862251 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation and agricultural production are often seen as mutually exclusive objectives. Strategies for reconciling them are intensely debated. We argue that harmonization between biodiversity conservation and crop production can be improved by increasing our understanding of the underlying relationships between them. We provide a general conceptual framework that links biodiversity and agricultural production through the separate relationships between land use and biodiversity and between land use and production. Hypothesized relationships are derived by synthesizing existing empirical and theoretical ecological knowledge. The framework suggests nonlinear relationships caused by the multifaceted impacts of land use (composition, configuration, and intensity). We propose solutions for overcoming the apparently dichotomous aims of maximizing either biodiversity conservation or agricultural production and suggest new hypotheses that emerge from our proposed framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Seppelt
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Ceauşu
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna F Cord
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Gerstner
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Gurevitch
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Kambach
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chase Mendenhall
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R P Phillips
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Powell
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Verburg
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Willem Verhagen
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marten Winter
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Newbold
- Ralf Seppelt , Michael Beckmann, Anna F. Cord, and Katharina Gerstner are affiliated with the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Leipzig, Germany; RS is also with the Institute of Geoscience and Geography at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany. Silvia Ceauşu, Stefan Klotz, and Marten Winter are affiliated with iDiv, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, in Leipzig, Germany; SC is also with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany, and SK is also with the Department Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, in Germany. Jessica Gurevitch is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University, in New York. Stephan Kambach is with the Institute for Biology at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and the Department of Community Ecology at the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Chase Mendenhall is affiliated with the Center for Conservation Biology and the Department of Biology at Stanford University, in California. Helen R. P. Phillips is with the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London and the Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, in London, United Kingdom. Kristin Powell is affiliated with the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, in Annapolis, Maryland. Peter H. Verburg and Willem Verhagen are affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at VU University Amsterdam, in The Netherlands. Tim Newbold is affiliated with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although much work has been done on the theoretical links between agriculture and nutrition, there is limited understanding of the evidence from observational and experimental research studies on the impacts of agriculture programs on nutrition outcomes. OBJECTIVE To assess the emphasis of the literature on different agriculture-nutrition pathways in Bangladesh. METHODS Twenty databases and Web sites were searched, yielding more than 2400 resources that were pared down through an iterative, eliminative process to 60 articles. These articles were then rated for quality and mapped to 1 of the 6 agriculture-nutrition pathways. RESULTS The body of evidence reveals gaps in knowledge in all of the pathways, but especially in the areas of agriculture as a source of livelihoods, and women's role as intermediaries between agriculture and good nutrition and health within their household. CONCLUSION More research is needed on the links between agriculture and nutrition in country-specific settings, particularly as regards the role of women. Nutrition-related outcomes, such as dietary diversity and women's empowerment, need to be measured more explicitly when evaluating the impact of agricultural production systems and development initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Yosef
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew D Jones
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Stuart Gillespie
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Garibaldi LA, Aizen MA, Cunningham SA, Klein AM. Pollinator shortage and global crop yield: Looking at the whole spectrum of pollinator dependency. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 2:37-9. [PMID: 19704865 DOI: 10.4161/cib.2.1.7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A pollinator decline caused by environmental degradation might be compromising the production of pollinator-dependent crops. In a recent article, we compared 45 year series (1961-2006) in yield, production and cultivated area of pollinator-dependent and nondependent crop around the world. If pollinator shortage is occurring globally, we expected a lower annual growth rate in yield for pollinator-dependent than nondependent crops, but a higher growth in cultivated area to compensate the lower yield. We have found little evidence for the first "yield" prediction but strong evidence for the second "area" prediction. Here, we present an additional analysis to show that the first and second predictions are both supported for crops that vary in dependency levels from nondependent to moderate dependence (i.e., up to 65% average yield reduction without pollinators). However, those crops for which animal pollination is essential (i.e., 95% average yield reduction without pollinators) showed higher growth in yield and lower expansion in area than expected in a pollination shortage scenario. We propose that pollination management for highly pollinator-dependent crops, such us renting hives or hand pollination, might have compensated for pollinator limitation of yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Garibaldi
- Laboratorio Ecotono; INIBIOMA-CONICET and Centro Regional Bariloche; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Río Negro, Argentina
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33
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O'Shaughnessy PT, Donham KJ, Peters TM, Taylor C, Altmaier R, Kelly KM. A task-specific assessment of Swine worker exposure to airborne dust. J Occup Environ Hyg 2010; 7:7-13. [PMID: 19904655 PMCID: PMC10466474 DOI: 10.1080/15459620903327970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A task-based analysis of personal airborne dust exposures was performed in two swine confinement facilities used to house sows and their litters. Airborne particulate levels were assessed during summer, winter, and spring. Personal aerosol measurements of workers were made with a photometer every 15 sec and corrected to compare with an integrated concentration measurement made with a co-located IOM inhalable dust sampler. Task type and time period were recorded by the workers over an 8-hr work shift. There was a significant difference in dust concentrations between seasons (p < 0.001), with winter months providing the highest levels (geometric mean = 3.76 mg/m(3)). The application of a general linear model of log-transformed task concentrations relative to site, season, and task demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.001) among all three covariates. Tasks performed near moving animals, especially the weaning process, resulted in the greatest concentrations. These results indicate the need to evaluate the concentration levels for separate tasks during multi-task work shifts, such as swine rearing, to optimize efforts to minimize exposures by focusing on high-concentration tasks.
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Aizen MA, Garibaldi LA, Cunningham SA, Klein AM. How much does agriculture depend on pollinators? Lessons from long-term trends in crop production. Ann Bot 2009; 103:1579-88. [PMID: 19339297 PMCID: PMC2701761 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Productivity of many crops benefits from the presence of pollinating insects, so a decline in pollinator abundance should compromise global agricultural production. Motivated by the lack of accurate estimates of the size of this threat, we quantified the effect of total loss of pollinators on global agricultural production and crop production diversity. The change in pollinator dependency over 46 years was also evaluated, considering the developed and developing world separately. METHODS Using the extensive FAO dataset, yearly data were compiled for 1961-2006 on production and cultivated area of 87 important crops, which we classified into five categories of pollinator dependency. Based on measures of the aggregate effect of differential pollinator dependence, the consequences of a complete loss of pollinators in terms of reductions in total agricultural production and diversity were calculated. An estimate was also made of the increase in total cultivated area that would be required to compensate for the decrease in production of every single crop in the absence of pollinators. KEY RESULTS The expected direct reduction in total agricultural production in the absence of animal pollination ranged from 3 to 8 %, with smaller impacts on agricultural production diversity. The percentage increase in cultivated area needed to compensate for these deficits was several times higher, particularly in the developing world, which comprises two-thirds of the land devoted to crop cultivation globally. Crops with lower yield growth tended to have undergone greater expansion in cultivated area. Agriculture has become more pollinator-dependent over time, and this trend is more pronounced in the developing than developed world. CONCLUSIONS We propose that pollination shortage will intensify demand for agricultural land, a trend that will be more pronounced in the developing world. This increasing pressure on supply of agricultural land could significantly contribute to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Aizen
- INIBIOMA-CONICET and Centro Regional Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Río Negro, Argentina.
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35
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Zhang DD, Brecke P, Lee HF, He YQ, Zhang J. Global climate change, war, and population decline in recent human history. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:19214-9. [PMID: 18048343 PMCID: PMC2148270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703073104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although scientists have warned of possible social perils resulting from climate change, the impacts of long-term climate change on social unrest and population collapse have not been quantitatively investigated. In this study, high-resolution paleo-climatic data have been used to explore at a macroscale the effects of climate change on the outbreak of war and population decline in the preindustrial era. We show that long-term fluctuations of war frequency and population changes followed the cycles of temperature change. Further analyses show that cooling impeded agricultural production, which brought about a series of serious social problems, including price inflation, then successively war outbreak, famine, and population decline successively. The findings suggest that worldwide and synchronistic war-peace, population, and price cycles in recent centuries have been driven mainly by long-term climate change. The findings also imply that social mechanisms that might mitigate the impact of climate change were not significantly effective during the study period. Climate change may thus have played a more important role and imposed a wider ranging effect on human civilization than has so far been suggested. Findings of this research may lend an additional dimension to the classic concepts of Malthusianism and Darwinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Zhang
- *Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Peter Brecke
- Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0610
| | - Harry F. Lee
- *Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan-Qing He
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; and
| | - Jane Zhang
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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