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Sun J, Jiang Y, Fu J, He L, Guo X, Ye H, Yin C, Li H, Jiang H. Beneficial Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Preventing Skin Photoaging: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:5226. [PMID: 39598619 PMCID: PMC11596539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29225226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin photoaging, primarily caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, leads to skin metabolic disorders, which have adverse psychological and physiological effects on individuals. However, traditional medications for repairing skin photoaging cause side effects. Natural bioactive compounds have been shown to prevent and treat skin photoaging with fewer side effects. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main substance in tea polyphenols, is a natural bioactive compound with a range of properties. This review summarizes the beneficial effects and mechanisms of EGCG, as well as the application forms of EGCG in repairing photoaged skin. Results indicated that EGCG has repair effects, including improving elasticity, enhancing moisturization, inhibiting damage, and reducing pigmentation of photoaged skin. It has also been demonstrated that EGCG delivery systems, modified EGCG, and combinations with other bioactive substances could be used for repairing photoaged skin due to its poor stability and low bioavailability. EGCG effectively repairs various types of skin damage caused by UV radiation while maintaining normal skin structure and function. It is, therefore, an effective candidate for repairing photoaged skin. These results could provide references for the development and application of EGCG products for the treatment of photoaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Sun
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.S.); (J.F.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.Y.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yuelu Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Jing Fu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.S.); (J.F.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.Y.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal and Plant Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Linlin He
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.S.); (J.F.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.Y.)
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Xinmiao Guo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.S.); (J.F.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.S.); (J.F.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.Y.)
| | - Cuiyuan Yin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.S.); (J.F.); (X.G.); (H.Y.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hongbo Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Heyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal and Plant Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Thasneem A, Sif S, Rahman MM, Crovella S. Can telomeric changes orchestrate the development of autoinflammatory skin diseases? Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2024; 159:318-328. [PMID: 38502535 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.23.07689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Telomeres, the safeguarding caps at the tips of chromosomes, are pivotal in the aging process of cells and have been linked to skin ailments and inflammatory conditions. Telomeres undergo a gradual reduction in length and factors such as oxidative stress hasten this diminishing process. Skin diseases including inflammatory conditions can be correlated with the shortening of telomeres and the persistent activation of DNA damage response in skin tissues. Telomere dysfunction could disrupt the balance of the skin, impairs wound healing, and may contribute to abnormal cytokine production. Skin aging and processes related to telomeres may function as one of the triggers for skin diseases. The presence of proinflammatory cytokines and dysfunctional telomeres in conditions such as Dyskeratosis Congenita implies a possible connection between the shortening of telomeres and the onset of chronic inflammatory skin disorders. In autoinflammatory skin diseases, chronic inflammation hinders wound healing thus aggravating the progression of the disease. The NF-ĸB pathway might contribute to the initiation or progression of chronic disorders by influencing mechanisms associated with telomere biology. The intricate connections between telomeres, telomerase, telomere-associated proteins, and skin diseases are still a complex puzzle to be solved. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of telomeres on both health and disease with a specific emphasis on their role in skin, inflammation and autoinflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayshath Thasneem
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Sif
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar -
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Yan X, Yang P, Li Y, Liu T, Zha Y, Wang T, Zhang J, Feng Z, Li M. New insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization: causal relationships between telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in aging biomarkers. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7387-7404. [PMID: 38663933 PMCID: PMC11087129 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and telomere length (TL) are dynamic factors that have been linked to the aging process in organisms. However, the causal relationship between these variables remains uncertain. In this research, instrumental variables (IVs) related to mtDNA copy number and TL were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Through bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we examined the potential causal relationship between these factors. The forward analysis, with mtDNA copy number as the exposure and TL as the outcome, did not reveal a significant effect (B=-0.004, P>0.05). On the contrary, upon conducting a reverse analysis, it was found that there exists a positive causal relationship (B=0.054, P<0.05). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the reliability of these results. The outcomes of this study indicate a one-way positive causal relationship, indicating that telomere shortening in the aging process may lead to a decrease in mtDNA copy number, providing new perspectives on their biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yan
- Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Peixuan Yang
- Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yani Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawen Zha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen 529000, Guangdong, China
| | - Minying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
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Tang W, Li F, Huang R, Liu P. Causal relationship between levels of myeloperoxidase and obstructive sleep apnea: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1305580. [PMID: 38156091 PMCID: PMC10753018 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1305580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several observational studies have investigated the association between myeloperoxidase (MPO) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the nature of this relationship remains uncertain due to potential selection and confounding biases. To resolve this, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to scrutinize the causal relationship between MPO and OSA. Methods Instrumental variables (IVs) for OSA were sourced from the publicly available FinnGen dataset, encompassing 38,998 OSA cases and 336,659 controls. Data on MPO were sourced from a study of 21,758 individuals conducted by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). The primary MR analysis utilized the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, with MR-Egger intercept and leave-one-out methods assessing pleiotropy and Cochran's Q test determining heterogeneity. Results The IVW analysis indicated a causal relationship between heightened MPO levels and an increased incidence of OSA. Individuals with elevated MPO levels manifested a higher propensity to develop OSA, exhibiting an odds ratio (OR) of 1.075 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.011-1.143 (p = 0.021). Conversely, the reciprocal analysis unveiled no significant association between OSA and heightened MPO levels (p = 0.643). No directional pleiotropy was identified through the MR-Egger intercept test (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our study provides evidence of an association between elevated MPO levels and an increased incidence of OSA. However, OSA does not necessarily lead to elevated MPO levels. When patients present with high MPO levels, screening for OSA may be advisable, considering their clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
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Liu M, Lan Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wu M, Yang L, Zhou J, Tong M, Leng L, Zheng H, Li J, Mi X. Telomere length is associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:475-481. [PMID: 37650705 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
RESULTS The MR analysis using two TL GWAS datasets revealed strong and consistent evidence that long TL is causally associated with an increased risk of CM. The analysis of the Codd et al. dataset found that long TL significantly predicted an elevated risk of CM (IVW OR = 2.411, 95% CI 2.092-2.780, P = 8.05E-34). Similarly, the analysis of the Li et al. dataset yielded consistent positive results across all MR methods, providing further robustness to the causal relationship (IVW OR = 2.324, 95% CI 1.516-3.565, P = 1.11E-04). The study provides evidence for a causal association between TL and CM susceptibility, indicating that longer TL increases the risk of developing CM and providing insight into the unique telomere biology in melanoma pathogenesis. Telomere maintenance pathways may be a potential target for preventing and treating CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- 4 + 4 M.D. Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mengyin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Leyan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Meiyi Tong
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Ling Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Heyi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xia Mi
- Department of Dermatology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
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Vladimir K, Perišić MM, Štorga M, Mostashari A, Khanin R. Epigenetics insights from perceived facial aging. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:176. [PMID: 37924108 PMCID: PMC10623707 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial aging is the most visible manifestation of aging. People desire to look younger than others of the same chronological age. Hence, perceived age is often used as a visible marker of aging, while biological age, often estimated by methylation markers, is used as an objective measure of age. Multiple epigenetics-based clocks have been developed for accurate estimation of general biological age and the age of specific organs, including the skin. However, it is not clear whether the epigenetic biomarkers (CpGs) used in these clocks are drivers of aging processes or consequences of aging. In this proof-of-concept study, we integrate data from GWAS on perceived facial aging and EWAS on CpGs measured in blood. By running EW Mendelian randomization, we identify hundreds of putative CpGs that are potentially causal to perceived facial aging with similar numbers of damaging markers that causally drive or accelerate facial aging and protective methylation markers that causally slow down or protect from aging. We further demonstrate that while candidate causal CpGs have little overlap with known epigenetics-based clocks, they affect genes or proteins with known functions in skin aging, such as skin pigmentation, elastin, and collagen levels. Overall, our results suggest that blood methylation markers reflect facial aging processes, and thus can be used to quantify skin aging and develop anti-aging solutions that target the root causes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemo Vladimir
- LifeNome Inc., New York, 10018, NY, USA
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Majda Perišić
- LifeNome Inc., New York, 10018, NY, USA
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Štorga
- LifeNome Inc., New York, 10018, NY, USA
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Raya Khanin
- LifeNome Inc., New York, 10018, NY, USA.
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
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D’Arino A, Caputo S, Eibenschutz L, Piemonte P, Buccini P, Frascione P, Bellei B. Skin Cancer Microenvironment: What We Can Learn from Skin Aging? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14043. [PMID: 37762344 PMCID: PMC10531546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural intrinsic process associated with the loss of fibrous tissue, a slower cell turnover, and a reduction in immune system competence. In the skin, the continuous exposition of environmental factors superimposes extrinsic damage, mainly due to ultraviolet radiation causing photoaging. Although not usually considered a pathogenic event, photoaging affects cutaneous biology, increasing the risk of skin carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, aging is typified by the rise of senescence cells a condition characterized by reduced or absent capacity to proliferate and aberrant hyper-secretory activity. Senescence has a double-edged sword in cancer biology given that senescence prevents the uncontrolled proliferation of damaged cells and favors their clearance by paracrine secretion. Nevertheless, the cumulative insults and the poor clearance of injured cells in the elderly increase cancer incidence. However, there are not conclusive data proving that aged skin represents a permissive milieu for tumor onset. On the other hand, tumor cells are capable of activating resident fibroblasts onto a pro-tumorigenic phenotype resembling those of senescent fibroblasts suggesting that aged fibroblasts might facilitate cancer progression. This review discusses changes that occur during aging that can prime neoplasm or increase the aggressiveness of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D’Arino
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Caputo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Eibenschutz
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Piemonte
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Buccini
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Frascione
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
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Li W, Wang W. Insights into risk factors for basal cell carcinoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:676-680. [PMID: 36815291 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancers. However, risk factors for BCC, especially nonenvironmental features, have not been wholly identified. Consequently, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore possible causal risk factors in a cohort of millions of Europeans. We used data on genetic variants for risk factors from publicly available genome-wide association studies. This resulted in the present MR study that analysed 43 risk factors and demonstrates that telomere length [odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-1.74, P < 0.001], birthweight (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26, P = 0.03) and height (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13, P = 0.02) may casually be related to an increased risk of BCC. However, no genetic liability between BCC risk and other potential risk factors was noted. These findings may help contribute to identifying high-risk populations susceptible to BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Telomere Length Changes in Cancer: Insights on Carcinogenesis and Potential for Non-Invasive Diagnostic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030715. [PMID: 36980987 PMCID: PMC10047978 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere dynamics play a crucial role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity; changes in telomere length may thus contribute to the development of various diseases including cancer. Understanding the role of telomeric DNA in carcinogenesis and detecting the presence of cell-free telomeric DNA (cf-telDNA) in body fluids offer a potential biomarker for novel cancer screening and diagnostic strategies. Liquid biopsy is becoming increasingly popular due to its undeniable benefits over conventional invasive methods. However, the organization and function of cf-telDNA in the extracellular milieu are understudied. This paper provides a review based on 3,398,017 cancer patients, patients with other conditions, and control individuals with the aim to shed more light on the inconsistent nature of telomere lengthening/shortening in oncological contexts. To gain a better understanding of biological factors (e.g., telomerase activation, alternative lengthening of telomeres) affecting telomere homeostasis across different types of cancer, we summarize mechanisms responsible for telomere length maintenance. In conclusion, we compare tissue- and liquid biopsy-based approaches in cancer assessment and provide a brief outlook on the methodology used for telomere length evaluation, highlighting the advances of state-of-the-art approaches in the field.
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10
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Ma L, Huang M, Sun G, Lin Y, Lu D, Wu B. Puerariae lobatae radix protects against UVB-induced skin aging via antagonism of REV-ERBα in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1088294. [PMID: 36618934 PMCID: PMC9813444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1088294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerariae lobatae radix (PLR) is a wildly used herbal medicine. Here we aimed to assess the PLR efficacy against UVB (ultraviolet-B)-induced skin aging and to determine the mechanisms thereof. We found a significant protective effect of PLR (topical application) on UVB-induced skin aging in mice, as evidenced by reduced skin wrinkles, epidermal thickness, and MDA (malondialdehyde) content as well as increased levels of HYP (hydroxyproline) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in the skin. In the meantime, Mmp-1, p21 and p53 levels were decreased in the skin of PLR-treated mice. Anti-aging effects of PLR were also confirmed in L929 cells. Furthermore, PLR up-regulated skin expression of BMAL1, which is a known regulator of aging by promoting Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes. Consistently, Nrf2 and several genes (i.e., Prdx6, Sod1, and Sod2) encoding antioxidant enzymes in the skin were increased in PLR-treated mice. Moreover, based on Gal4 chimeric assay, Bmal1 reporter gene and expression assays, we identified PLR as an antagonist of REV-ERBα that can increase Bmal1 expression. Intriguingly, loss of Rev-erbα protected mice against UVB-induced skin aging and abrogated the protective effect of PLR. In conclusion, PLR acts as an antagonist of REV-ERBα and promotes the expression of BMAL1 to protect against skin aging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiping Huang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanke Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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