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Zhang Y, Yu W, Lu Y, Wu Y, Ouyang Z, Tu Y, He B. Epigenetic Regulation of Fungal Secondary Metabolism. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:648. [PMID: 39330408 PMCID: PMC11433216 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolism is one of the important mechanisms by which fungi adapt to their living environment and promote survival and reproduction. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, plays key roles in fungal secondary metabolism and affect fungal growth, survival, and pathogenicity. This review describes recent advances in the study of epigenetic regulation of fungal secondary metabolism. We discuss the way in which epigenetic markers respond to environmental changes and stimulate the production of biologically active compounds by fungi, and the feasibility of these new findings applied to develop new antifungal strategies and optimize secondary metabolism. In addition, we have deliberated on possible future directions of research in this field. A deeper understanding of epigenetic regulatory networks is a key focus for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yayi Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Medicine Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.O.)
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Medicine Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.O.)
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Wang P, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang W, Li D, Wang X, Wen X, Feng Y, Zhang X. Analysis of DNA Methylation Differences during the JIII Formation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9656-9673. [PMID: 38132449 PMCID: PMC10742416 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a pivotal process that regulates gene expression and facilitates rapid adaptation to challenging environments. The pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), the causative agent of pine wilt disease, survives at low temperatures through third-stage dispersal juvenile, making it a major pathogen for pines in Asia. To comprehend the impact of DNA methylation on the formation and environmental adaptation of third-stage dispersal juvenile, we conducted whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and transcriptional sequencing on both the third-stage dispersal juvenile and three other propagative juvenile stages of PWN. Our findings revealed that the average methylation rate of cytosine in the samples ranged from 0.89% to 0.99%. Moreover, we observed significant DNA methylation changes in the third-stage dispersal juvenile and the second-stage propagative juvenile of PWN, including differentially methylated cytosine (DMCs, n = 435) and regions (DMRs, n = 72). In the joint analysis of methylation-associated transcription, we observed that 23 genes exhibited overlap between differentially methylated regions and differential gene expression during the formation of the third-stage dispersal juvenile of PWN. Further functional analysis of these genes revealed enrichment in processes related to lipid metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. These findings emphasize the significance of DNA methylation in the development of third-stage dispersal juvenile of PWN, as it regulates transcription to enhance the probability of rapid expansion in PWN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dongzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaojian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (P.W.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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