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Merzel Šabović EK, Starbek Zorko M, Hosta V, Žgavec B, Bajuk V. Microblading reaction as a manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis: two case reports and a review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:221. [PMID: 38654341 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation. Sarcoidosis often poses a diagnostic challenge owing to its nonspecific or mild clinical features. In 20-35% of cases, sarcoidosis initially presents on skin. However, skin lesions commonly mimic dermatological conditions. Therefore, it is important to not underestimate the skin manifestations and perform histopathological examinations to make a timely diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION We present two cases of 33-year-old Caucasian female patients with orange-red macules and plaques that developed in the eyebrow area 1 and 6 years after microblading, respectively. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The lymph nodes and lungs were also affected in both patients. CONCLUSION Our two reports suggest that an esthetic procedure involving dermal or subcutaneous injection of foreign materials can trigger the development of cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis. However, this relationship has not been described yet. Physicians should, therefore, be aware of this complication to properly evaluate and treat such patients in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klara Merzel Šabović
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Starbek Zorko
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Violeta Hosta
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Žgavec
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Bajuk
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Vij O, Dey M, Morrison K, Kouranloo K. Incidence, management and prognosis of new-onset sarcoidosis post COVID-19 infection. SARCOIDOSIS, VASCULITIS, AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF WASOG 2024; 41:e2024004. [PMID: 38567560 PMCID: PMC11008326 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v41i1.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM SARS-CoV-2 infection has been linked to hyperinflammation in multiple organs with a potential mechanistic link with resulting autoimmunity. There have been reports of many inflammatory complications following COVID-19, including sarcoidosis. A literature review on new-onset sarcoidosis following COVID-19 is lacking. We evaluated potential associations between COVID-19 and development of new-onset sarcoidosis. METHODS Articles discussing biopsy-proven sarcoidosis after confirmed COVID-19 infection, published 1956 until April 2023, were included. All article types were deemed eligible except opinion and review articles. RESULTS A pooled total of 15 patients with new-onset diagnosis of sarcoidosis after COVID-19 infection were included, 45.5% female, mean age 46.1 years (standard deviation 14.7) at onset of sarcoidosis. Patients were from: Europe (n=11); North America (n=2); South America (n=1); Asia (n=1). The mean time between COVID-19 infection and diagnosis of sarcoidosis was 56.3 days, although this ranged from 10 to 140 days. Organ systems predominantly affected by sarcoidosis were: pulmonary (n=11); cutaneous (n=3); cardiac (n=2); ocular (n=1); systemic (n=1) (with overlapping features in certain patients). Sarcoidosis was treated as follows: glucocorticoids (n=8); azathioprine (n=1); cardiac re-synchronisation therapy (n=1); heart transplant (n=1). All patients were reported to have survived, with one requiring intensive care admission. CONCLUSIONS Our result suggests there is a potential link between COVID-19 and new-onset sarcoidosis. The potential mechanism for this is through cytokine mediated immune modulation in COVID-19 infection. Obtaining a tissue sample remains key in confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and this may be delayed during active COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinalini Dey
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Koushan Kouranloo
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK
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Ugolkov Y, Nikitich A, Leon C, Helmlinger G, Peskov K, Sokolov V, Volkova A. Mathematical modeling in autoimmune diseases: from theory to clinical application. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371620. [PMID: 38550585 PMCID: PMC10973044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The research & development (R&D) of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases is challenged by highly complex pathogenesis and multiple etiologies of these conditions. The number of targeted therapies available on the market is limited, whereas the prevalence of autoimmune conditions in the global population continues to rise. Mathematical modeling of biological systems is an essential tool which may be applied in support of decision-making across R&D drug programs to improve the probability of success in the development of novel medicines. Over the past decades, multiple models of autoimmune diseases have been developed. Models differ in the spectra of quantitative data used in their development and mathematical methods, as well as in the level of "mechanistic granularity" chosen to describe the underlying biology. Yet, all models strive towards the same goal: to quantitatively describe various aspects of the immune response. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic review and analysis of mathematical models of autoimmune diseases focused on the mechanistic description of the immune system, to consolidate existing quantitative knowledge on autoimmune processes, and to outline potential directions of interest for future model-based analyses. Following a systematic literature review, 38 models describing the onset, progression, and/or the effect of treatment in 13 systemic and organ-specific autoimmune conditions were identified, most models developed for inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and lupus (5 models each). ≥70% of the models were developed as nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations, others - as partial differential equations, integro-differential equations, Boolean networks, or probabilistic models. Despite covering a relatively wide range of diseases, most models described the same components of the immune system, such as T-cell response, cytokine influence, or the involvement of macrophages in autoimmune processes. All models were thoroughly analyzed with an emphasis on assumptions, limitations, and their potential applications in the development of novel medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Ugolkov
- Research Center of Model-Informed Drug Development, Ivan Mikhaylovich (I.M.) Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina Nikitich
- Research Center of Model-Informed Drug Development, Ivan Mikhaylovich (I.M.) Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Cristina Leon
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ - LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kirill Peskov
- Research Center of Model-Informed Drug Development, Ivan Mikhaylovich (I.M.) Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ - LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Victor Sokolov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ - LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alina Volkova
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
- Modeling and Simulation Decisions FZ - LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Van Hoye G, Willekens B, Vanden Bossche S, Morrens M, Van Den Eede F. Case report: Psychosis with catatonia in an adult man: a presentation of neurosarcoidosis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1276744. [PMID: 38501088 PMCID: PMC10946061 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1276744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcoidosis is a multisystem non-caseous granulomatous disease of unknown origin with predominant lung involvement and a variable clinical course. Although rare, neuropsychiatric manifestations such as confusion, problems in orientation, memory dysfunction, delusions, hallucinations and catatonia can be presenting features of sarcoidosis with nervous system involvement, also known as neurosarcoidosis. Case description We present a 39-year-old man with acute-onset vertigo, balance problems and confusion quickly developing delusions, hallucinations, catatonic symptoms and suicidal behaviour. Symptoms appeared to be a manifestation of neurosarcoidosis. Diagnostic assessment The differential diagnosis of psychosis is broad and should include pertinent auto-immune disorders, paraneoplastic, oncologic, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Basic systemic screening should include blood and urinary tests, a chest X-ray, brain CT scan and ECG. If neurosarcoidosis is suspected, an MRI of the brain with contrast and lumbar puncture are most appropriate. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to arrive at a correct diagnosis and effective management of the patient. Discussion Despite the large number of sarcoidosis and psychosis studies, the etiology and pathogenesis of both illnesses remain incompletely understood. A common inflammatory etiopathological pathway has been postulated. Conclusions Clinicians should consider organic causes when confronted with a middle-aged patient experiencing a first psychotic episode with an atypical onset, catatonic features, or dysfunction in orientation and/or memory, a complete lack of a positive familial psychiatric history and/or an atypical response to (psycho)pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griet Van Hoye
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Barbara Willekens
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Vanden Bossche
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
- AZ Sint-Jan Bruges, Department of Radiology, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Den Eede
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
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Zhang Y, Jiang X, Wang Q, Wu J, Zhou J. Dexamethasone alleviates pulmonary sarcoidosis by regulating the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling to promote Th17/Treg cell rebalance. Cell Immunol 2024; 395-396:104781. [PMID: 38159414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated disorder closely related to Th17/Treg cell imbalance. Dexamethasone has been shown to regulate inflammation and immune responses in sarcoidosis patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of dexamethasone regulating Th17/Treg balance in sarcoidosis remain elusive. Herein, we elucidated the function role of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in pulmonary sarcoidosis development and explored the underlying mechanism of dexamethasone in treating pulmonary sarcoidosis. We found that the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway was inactivated in pulmonary sarcoidosis patients. Propionibacterium acnes (PA) induced mouse model was generated to investigate the function of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in vivo. Data indicated that IL17A inhibition with neutralizing antibody and activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling with SRI-011381 alleviated granuloma formation in the sarcoidosis mouse model. Moreover, we revealed that the Th17/Treg cell ratio was increased with PA treatment in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood. The concentration of cytokines produced by Th17 cells (IL-17A, IL-23) was up-regulated in the BALF of PA-treated mice, while those produced by Tregs (IL-10, TGF-β1) presented significant reduction. The treatment of IL-17A neutralizing antibody or SRI-011381 was demonstrated to rescue the PA-induced changes in the concentration of IL-17A, IL-23, IL-10, and TGF-β1. Additionally, we demonstrated that dexamethasone treatment activated the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in the lung tissues of pulmonary sarcoidosis mice. Dexamethasone was also revealed to promote the rebalancing of the Th17/Treg ratio and attenuated the granuloma formation in pulmonary sarcoidosis. In conclusion, dexamethasone activates the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling and induces Th17/Treg rebalance, alleviating pulmonary sarcoidosis, which suggests the potential of dexamethasone in treating pulmonary sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China.
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Rubinstein A, Kudryavtsev I, Malkova A, Mammedova J, Isakov D, Isakova-Sivak I, Kudlay D, Starshinova A. Sarcoidosis-related autoimmune inflammation in COVID-19 convalescent patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1271198. [PMID: 38179278 PMCID: PMC10765615 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1271198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are a large number of reports about the development of autoimmune conditions after COVID-19. Also, there have been cases of sarcoid-like granulomas in convalescents as a part of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Since one of the etiological theories of sarcoidosis considers it to be an autoimmune disease, we decided to study changes in the adaptive humoral immune response in sarcoidosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection and to find out whether COVID-19 can provoke the development of sarcoidosis. This review discusses histological changes in lymphoid organs in sarcoidosis and COVID-19, changes in B cell subpopulations, T-follicular helper cells (Tfh), and T-follicular regulatory cells (Tfr), and analyzes various autoantibodies detected in these pathologies. Based on the data studied, we concluded that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause the development of autoimmune pathologies, in particular contributing to the onset of sarcoidosis in convalescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Rubinstein
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institution of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institution of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Annа Malkova
- Ariel University Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Dmitry Isakov
- First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Sikora H, Gruba N, Wysocka M, Piwkowska A, Lesner A. Optimization of fluorescent substrates for ADAM17 and their utility in the detection of diabetes. Anal Biochem 2023; 681:115337. [PMID: 37783443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) is a sheddase that releases various types of membrane-associated proteins, including adhesive molecules, cytokines and their receptors, and inflammatory mediators. Evidence suggests that the enzyme is involved in the proteolytic cleavage of antiaging transmembrane protein Klotho (KL). What is more, reduced serum and urinary KL levels are observed in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to optimise the ADAM17 specific and selective fluorescent substrates. Then, the obtained substrate was used to detect the enzyme in urine samples of patients diagnosed with diabetes. It turned out that in all cases we were able to detect proteolytic activity, which was the opposite of the healthy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorata Sikora
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Gruba
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 Street, PL, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 Street, PL, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Liao SY, Fingerlin T, Maier L. Genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis. J Autoimmun 2023:103122. [PMID: 37865580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex systemic disease with clinical heterogeneity based on varying phenotypes and natural history. The detailed etiology of sarcoidosis remains unknown, but genetic predisposition as well as environmental exposures play a significant role in disease pathogenesis. We performed a comprehensive review of germline genetic (DNA) and transcriptomic (RNA) studies of sarcoidosis, including both previous studies and more recent findings. In this review, we provide an assessment of the following: genetic variants in sarcoidosis susceptibility and phenotypes, ancestry- and sex-specific genetic variants in sarcoidosis, shared genetic architecture between sarcoidosis and other diseases, and gene-environment interactions in sarcoidosis. We also highlight the unmet needs in sarcoidosis genetic studies, including the pressing requirement to include diverse populations and have consistent definitions of phenotypes in the sarcoidosis research community to help advance the application of genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis disease risk and manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Liao
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tasha Fingerlin
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; National Jewish Health, Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lisa Maier
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Lai J, Almazan E, Le T, Taylor MT, Alhariri J, Kwatra SG. Demographics, Cutaneous Manifestations, and Comorbidities Associated with Progressive Cutaneous Sarcoidosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:57. [PMID: 37887264 PMCID: PMC10608652 DOI: 10.3390/medicines10100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with a wide variety of presentations and clinical courses. Cutaneous manifestations and comorbidities associated with sarcoid prognosis remain understudied. Methods: An EPIC query was run for patients age 18+ at the Johns Hopkins Hospital with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis of the skin according to the ICD-10-CM code D86.3. Data were obtained from a population-based sample of 240 patients from 2015 to 2020. Results: A total of 240 patients were included in the cohort study. The mean (SD) age was 43.76 (11.72) years, and 30% of participants were male; 76.25% of patients identified as black, 19.58% as white, and 4.17% as other. The average age of onset in remissive patients was significantly higher than progressive (47 ± 12 vs. 40 ± 10, p = 0.0005); 49% of black patients experienced progressive sarcoid compared to 32.6% of white patients (p = 0.028). Progressive disease was associated with the presence of lupus pernio (aOR = 3.29, 95% CI, 1.60-6.77) and at least one autoimmune comorbidity (aOR 6.831, 95% CI 1.819-11.843). Conclusions: When controlling for patient demographics, lupus pernio and the presence of at least one autoimmune condition were associated with progressive cutaneous sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.L.); (T.L.); (M.T.T.); (J.A.)
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Cifaldi R, Salton F, Confalonieri P, Trotta L, Barbieri M, Ruggero L, Valeri G, Pozzan R, Della Porta R, Kodric M, Baratella E, Bellan M, Lerda S, Hughes M, Confalonieri M, Cova MA, Gandin I, Mondini L, Ruaro B. Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Immune Dysregulation: A Pilot Study on Possible Correlation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2899. [PMID: 37761266 PMCID: PMC10530165 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by an altered inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether immune system alterations detected by lymphocyte typing in peripheral blood correlate with the severity of sarcoidosis, calculated according to two separate severity scores proposed by Wasfi in 2006 and Hamzeh in 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-one patients were recruited, and clinical data and laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis were obtained in order to assess the severity index score and investigate any statistically significant correlation with the cytofluorimetry data. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that none of the two scores show an association with the level of total lymphocytes or lymphocyte subclasses. LIMITATIONS First of all, the sample taken into consideration is small. The assessment was performed only at disease onset and not during the disease. Furthermore, the severity scores do not take into account disease activity (measured by PET/CT or gallium scintigraphy). CONCLUSIONS Lymphocyte subpopulation values at the time of diagnosis do not appear to correlate with disease severity at onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cifaldi
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Liliana Trotta
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mariangela Barbieri
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Ruggero
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Valeri
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pozzan
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Della Porta
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Metka Kodric
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Baratella
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Selene Lerda
- Management Specialization School, University of Milan, 20149 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Hughes
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Cova
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gandin
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Mondini
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruaro
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Hazra S, Kalyan Dinda S, Kumar Mondal N, Hossain SR, Datta P, Yasmin Mondal A, Malakar P, Manna D. Giant cells: multiple cells unite to survive. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1220589. [PMID: 37790914 PMCID: PMC10543420 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1220589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated Giant Cells (MGCs) are specialized cells that develop from the fusion of multiple cells, and their presence is commonly observed in human cells during various infections. However, MGC formation is not restricted to infections alone but can also occur through different mechanisms, such as endoreplication and abortive cell cycle. These processes lead to the formation of polyploid cells, eventually resulting in the formation of MGCs. In Entamoeba, a protozoan parasite that causes amoebic dysentery and liver abscesses in humans, the formation of MGCs is a unique phenomenon and not been reported in any other protozoa. This organism is exposed to various hostile environmental conditions, including changes in temperature, pH, and nutrient availability, which can lead to stress and damage to its cells. The formation of MGCs in Entamoeba is thought to be a survival strategy to cope with these adverse conditions. This organism forms MGCs through cell aggregation and fusion in response to osmotic and heat stress. The MGCs in Entamoeba are thought to have increased resistance to various stresses and can survive longer than normal cells under adverse conditions. This increased survival could be due to the presence of multiple nuclei, which could provide redundancy in case of DNA damage or mutations. Additionally, MGCs may play a role in the virulence of Entamoeba as they are found in the inflammatory foci of amoebic liver abscesses and other infections caused by Entamoeba. The presence of MGCs in these infections suggests that they may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Overall, this article offers valuable insights into the intriguing phenomenon of MGC formation in Entamoeba. By unraveling the mechanisms behind this process and examining its implications, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the complex biology of Entamoeba and potentially identify new targets for therapeutic interventions. The study of MGCs in Entamoeba serves as a gateway to exploring the broader field of cell fusion in various organisms, providing a foundation for future investigations into related cellular processes and their significance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasee Hazra
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Dinda
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Naba Kumar Mondal
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Rajjack Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Pratyay Datta
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Afsana Yasmin Mondal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Dipak Manna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
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Toriola SL, Satnarine T, Zohara Z, Adelekun A, Seffah KD, Salib K, Dardari L, Taha M, Dahat P, Penumetcha SS. Recent Clinical Studies on the Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) Antibody Therapies in Refractory Cutaneous Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44901. [PMID: 37818515 PMCID: PMC10561529 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely accepted standard of care for chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis is corticosteroids. However, when this treatment is shown to be refractory, other interventions must be considered. In this review, we report the current progress of clinical studies on various monoclonal antibody therapies and their future potential as primary interventions for refractory cutaneous sarcoidosis. In this systematic review, clinical studies on the management of refractory cutaneous sarcoidosis were retrieved from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Studies were screened based on article type, publication within the last 10 years, and access to free full text. The articles selected consisted of case studies, clinical trials, and observational studies. The studies needed to focus on cases of diagnosed cutaneous sarcoidosis at the time of the study and involve adult patients resistant to corticosteroid regimens, with or without additional immunomodulators. Only interventions that included tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (e.g., infliximab and adalimumab) or Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) (e.g., ruxolitinib and tofacitinib) antibody therapy were considered. Two authors independently conducted quality assessments using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal and NIH Study Quality Assessment tools. A total of 16 clinical studies were included in this systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Of the 16 cases included, 15 studies demonstrated partial to complete resolution of cutaneous lesions within a range of two weeks to 18 months from initiation of antibody therapy. Studies on anti-TNF-α intervention demonstrated the most adverse events, including two deaths and one case associated with cutaneous exacerbation. Studies on anti-JAK-STAT interventions demonstrate no adverse events after treatment; however, patient study size was limiting. Recent studies have shown promising potential for anti-TNF-α and anti-JAK-STAT inhibitors to become the mainstay interventions in refractory cutaneous sarcoidosis. Due to limited population studies, the current data on the efficacy and safety of antibody therapies have not yielded a standardized FDA-approved steroid-sparing treatment. Therefore, a need for more population studies on the effectiveness of third-line intervention in refractory cutaneous sarcoidosis is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Toriola
- Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine, St. George's University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Travis Satnarine
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zareen Zohara
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ademiniyi Adelekun
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kofi D Seffah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, USA
| | - Korlos Salib
- General Practice, El-Demerdash Hospital, Cairo, EGY
| | - Lana Dardari
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maher Taha
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Purva Dahat
- Medical Student, St. Martinus University, Willemstad, CUW
| | - Sai Sri Penumetcha
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- General Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, IND
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13
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Xin C, Niu L, Fan H, Xie J, Sun X. Increased incidence of thyroid disease in patients with sarcoidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230157. [PMID: 37399514 PMCID: PMC10448568 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Sarcoidosis is a multiple systemic granulomatous disease, and its main pathological feature is non-caseous necrotic epithelial granuloma. The pathogenesis is not fully understood. The prevalence of thyroid disease is likely higher among individuals with sarcoidosis. However, this association still lacks clinical evidence. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of thyroid disease in patients with sarcoidosis. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure literature databases. Fixed- or random-effects models were used for analysis according to heterogeneity. The results were subjected to meta-analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In total, six articles were included in this meta-analysis, which involved 2044 sarcoidosis cases and 5652 controls. The studies found that the incidence of thyroid disease in patients with sarcoidosis was significantly increased compared to the controls (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.83-5.88). Conclusions This systematic review is the first to evaluate the incidence of thyroid disease in sarcoidosis patients, which was increased compared with the controls, suggesting that sarcoidosis patients should be screened for thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Niu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huaying Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Shah HH, Zehra SA, Shahrukh A, Waseem R, Hussain T, Hussain MS, Batool F, Jaffer M. Cardiac sarcoidosis: a comprehensive review of risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1156474. [PMID: 37273881 PMCID: PMC10235776 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1156474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Sarcoidosis (CS) is a deadly consequence of systemic sarcoidosis that inflames all three layers of the heart, especially the myocardium-clinical signs of CS range from asymptomatic disease to abrupt cardiac death. CS generally remains undiagnosed secondary to a lack of definitive diagnostic criteria, a high percentage of false negative results on endomyocardial biopsy, and ill-defining clinical manifestations of the disease. Consequently, there is a lack of evidence-based recommendations for CS, and the present diagnostic and therapeutic management depend on expert opinion. The aetiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy of CS will be covered in this review. A particular emphasis will be placed on enhanced cardiovascular imaging and early identification of CS. We review the emerging evidence regarding the use of Electrocardiograms (ECGs), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the heart to identify and quantify the extent of myocardial inflammation, as well as to guide the use of immunotherapy and other treatment regimens, such as ablation therapy, device therapy, and heart transplantation, to improve patient outcomes.
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15
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Xiong Y, Kullberg S, Garman L, Pezant N, Ellinghaus D, Vasila V, Eklund A, Rybicki BA, Iannuzzi MC, Schreiber S, Müller-Quernheim J, Montgomery CG, Grunewald J, Padyukov L, Rivera NV. Sex differences in the genetics of sarcoidosis across European and African ancestry populations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1132799. [PMID: 37250650 PMCID: PMC10213734 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1132799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex differences in the susceptibility of sarcoidosis are unknown. The study aims to identify sex-dependent genetic variations in two clinical sarcoidosis phenotypes: Löfgren's syndrome (LS) and non-Löfgren's syndrome (non-LS). Methods A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies was conducted on Europeans and African Americans, totaling 10,103 individuals from three population-based cohorts, Sweden (n = 3,843), Germany (n = 3,342), and the United States (n = 2,918), followed by an SNP lookup in the UK Biobank (UKB, n = 387,945). A genome-wide association study based on Immunochip data consisting of 141,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted in the sex groups. The association test was based on logistic regression using the additive model in LS and non-LS sex groups independently. Additionally, gene-based analysis, gene expression, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, and pathway analysis were performed to discover functionally relevant mechanisms related to sarcoidosis and biological sex. Results We identified sex-dependent genetic variations in LS and non-LS sex groups. Genetic findings in LS sex groups were explicitly located in the extended Major Histocompatibility Complex (xMHC). In non-LS, genetic differences in the sex groups were primarily located in the MHC class II subregion and ANXA11. Gene-based analysis and eQTL enrichment revealed distinct sex-specific gene expression patterns in various tissues and immune cell types. In LS sex groups, a pathway map related to antigen presentation machinery by IFN-gamma. In non-LS, pathway maps related to immune response lectin-induced complement pathway in males and related to maturation and migration of dendritic cells in skin sensitization in females were identified. Conclusion Our findings provide new evidence for a sex bias underlying sarcoidosis genetic architecture, particularly in clinical phenotypes LS and non-LS. Biological sex likely plays a role in disease mechanisms in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lori Garman
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Nathan Pezant
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Vasila
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael C. Iannuzzi
- Zucker School of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell/Hofstra University, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Clinic for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Müller-Quernheim
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia V. Rivera
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Starshinova A, Zinchenko Y, Malkova A, Kudlay D, Kudryavtsev I, Yablonskiy P. Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041047. [PMID: 37109576 PMCID: PMC10145559 DOI: 10.3390/life13041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, sarcoidosis remains one of the diseases with unknown etiology, which significantly complicates its diagnosis and treatment. Various causes of sarcoidosis have been studied for many years. Both organic and inorganic trigger factors, provoking the development of granulomatous inflammation are considered. However, the most promising and evidence-based hypothesis is the development of sarcoidosis as an autoimmune disease, provoked by various adjuvants in genetic predisposed individuals. This concept fits into the structure of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome, induced by adjuvants (ASIA) that was proposed in 2011 by Professor Shoenfeld Y. In this paper, the authors reveal the presence of major and minor ASIA criteria for sarcoidosis, propose a new concept of the course of sarcoidosis within the framework of ASIA, and point out the difficulties in creating a model of the disease and the selection of therapy. It is obvious that the data obtained not only bring us closer to understanding the nature of sarcoidosis, but also potentiate new studies confirming this hypothesis by obtaining a model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Zinchenko
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Malkova
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Kudlay
- Medical Department, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Immunology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Piotr Yablonskiy
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Kudryavtsev I, Zinchenko Y, Starshinova A, Serebriakova M, Malkova A, Akisheva T, Kudlay D, Glushkova A, Yablonskiy P, Shoenfeld Y. Circulating Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Patients with Sarcoidosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081378. [PMID: 37189479 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, many researchers have supported the autoimmune theory of sarcoidosis. The presence of uncontrolled inflammatory response on local and system levels in patients with sarcoidosis did not define that the immunoregulatory mechanisms could be affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and the disturbance circulating Treg cell subsets in the peripheral blood in patients with sarcoidosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective comparative study was performed in 2016-2018 (34 patients with sarcoidosis (men (67.6%), women (32.3%)) were examined). Healthy subjects-the control group (n = 40). The diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis was performed according to the standard criteria. We used two ten-color combinations of antibodies for Treg immunophenotyping. The first one contained CD39-FITC, CD127-PE, CCR4-PE/Dazzle™ 594, CD25-PC5.5, CD161-PC7, CD4-APC, CD8-APC-AF700, CD3-APC/Cy7, HLA-DR-PacBlue, and CD45 RA-BV 510™, while the second consisted of CXCR3-Alexa Fluor 488, CD25-РЕ, CXCR5-РЕ/Dazzle™ 594, CCR4-PerСP/Сy5.5, CCR6-РЕ/Cy7, CD4-АPC, CD8 АPC-AF700, CD3-АPC/Cy7, CCR7-BV 421, and CD45 RA-BV 510. The flow cytometry data were analyzed by using Kaluza software v2.3. A statistical analysis was performed with Statistica 7.0 and GraphPad Prism 8 software packages. RESULTS OF THE STUDY Primarily, we found that patients with sarcoidosis had decreased absolute numbers of Treg cells in circulation. We noted that the level of CCR7-expressing Tregs decreased in patients with sarcoidosis vs. the control group (65.55% (60.08; 70.60) vs. 76.93% (69.59; 79.86) with p < 0.001). We noticed that the relative numbers of CD45RA-CCR7+ Tregs decreased in patients with sarcoidosis (27.11% vs. 35.43%, p < 0.001), while the frequency of CD45 RA-CCR7- and CD45RA+ CCR7- Tregs increased compared to the control group (33.3% vs. 22.73% and 0.76% vs. 0.51% with p < 0.001 and p = 0.028, respectively). CXCR3-expressing Treg cell subsets-Th1-like CCR60078CXCR3+ Tregs and Th17.1-like CCR6+ CXCR3+ Tregs-significantly increased in patients with sarcoidosis vs. the control group (14.4% vs. 10.5% with p < 0.01 and 27.9% vs. 22.8% with p < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the levels of peripheral blood EM Th17-like Tregs significantly decreased in the sarcoidosis group vs. the control group (36.38% vs. 46.70% with p < 0.001). Finally, we found that CXCR5 expression was increased in CM Tregs cell subsets in patients with sarcoidosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated a decrease in circulating Tregs absolute numbers and several alterations in Treg cell subsets. Moreover, our results highlight the presence of increased levels of CM CXCR5+ follicular Tregs in the periphery that could be linked with the imbalance of follicular Th cell subsets and alterations in B cell, based on the immune response. The balance between the two functionally distinct Treg cell populations-Th1-like and Th17-like Tregs-could be used in sarcoidosis diagnosis and the determination of prognosis and disease outcomes. Furthermore, we want to declare that analysis of Treg numbers of phenotypes could fully characterize their functional activity in peripherally inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kudryavtsev
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Zinchenko
- Phthisiopulmonology Department, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Serebriakova
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Malkova
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Akisheva
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Immunology, 115552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anzhela Glushkova
- Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, 19201 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Piotr Yablonskiy
- Phthisiopulmonology Department, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel
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Rezaee M, Zangiabadian M, Soheili A, Calcagno TM, Rahmannia M, Dinparastisaleh R, Nasiri MJ, Mirsaeidi M. Role of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents in treatment of sarcoidosis: A meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 109:42-49. [PMID: 36526497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agent (anti-TNF-α) is considered an effective third-line therapy for refractory sarcoidosis,studies observing the efficacy of anti-TNF-α agents show conflicting results. OBJECTIVE We performed an up-to-date systemic meta-analysis to determine effectiveness and further elucidate the role of anti-TNF-α in the treatment of sarcoidosis. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies reporting the therapeutic effects of anti-TNF drugs on patients with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis, published up to April 10, 2022. The study was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under ID: CRD42022364614. STUDY SELECTION Clinical trials written reporting the therapeutic effects of anti-TNF drugs on patients with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Statistical analyses were performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, and the random-effects model was used. The combined overall treatment success was determined for patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Overall treatment success rate wasdefined as no disease progression or improvement in symptoms. RESULTS Eight clinical trial articles were included in the meta-analysis; four used Infliximab, two Etanercept, one Adalimumab, and one Ustekinumab and Golimumab. The mean age of participants was 48.5 years. The duration of drug therapy ranged from 14 to 45 weeks. We found a combined overall treatment success rate, defined as no disease progression or improvement in symptoms, of 69.9% (95% CI 35.0-90.9, I2: 70%) in the pulmonary sarcoidosis group and 74.5% (95% CI 36.3-93.7, I2: 90%) in the extrapulmonary sarcoidosis group. There was no evidence of publication bias in either group. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Treatment of refractory sarcoidosis with anti-TNF-α agents was effective in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcoidosis, with a slightly higher efficacy seen in extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. Further randomized controlled trials should be conducted to determine the effects of anti-TNF-α agents as a part of the management strategy of sarcoidosis. Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis should be studied separately from patients with extrapulmonary sarcoidosis to adjust for confounding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Rezaee
- Medical Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Zangiabadian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Soheili
- Medical Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Rahmannia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshan Dinparastisaleh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mohammad J Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Farahat RA, Nazir A, Ochani S, Khan SH, Mahjabin A, Mohammed S, Jahan I, Kubra K, Swed S, Dhama K. Hidden relationship between sarcoidosis and gut microbiota: recent evidence and future implications. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-023-00199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
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Loarce-Martos J, Calvo Sanz L, Garrote-Corral S, Ballester González R, Pariente Rodríguez R, Rita CG, García-Soidan A, Bachiller-Corral J, Roy Ariño G. Myositis autoantibodies detected by line blot immunoassay: clinical associations and correlation with antibody signal intensity. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1101-1109. [PMID: 36763166 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between myositis specific (MSA) and myositis associated (MAA) antibodies and diagnosis (including idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [IIM] and other systemic autoimmune diseases [SAID]), and to explore the impact of antibody signal intensity in diagnostic accuracy. We retrospectively reviewed all the serum samples obtained from patients tested for MSA/MAA by line immunoassay (LIA) between 01/01/2018 and 31/12/2020 in Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (Spain). Clinical true positive (CTP) MSAs and MAAs were defined as those patients with IIM or SAID with phenotypes expected of that MSA/MAA. Patients who did not have a phenotype compatible with that antibody were classified as clinical false positive (CFP). One hundred and thirty positive samples were analysed. Forty-six patients (33.38%) were classified as IIM, forty-two (32.3%) as SAID and forty-two (32.3%) as non-IIM/SAID. Among these 130 patients, 164 MSA/MAA were detected. Eighty-five (51.8%) positive MSA/MAA were classified as CTP, and seventy-nine (48.2%) as CFP. Strongly positive antibodies were more frequently CTP (35/47, 74.5%) than weak positives (54/68, 36.8%), (p ˂ 0.001). Antibodies classified as CTP had a higher signal intensity than CFP (36.77 AU vs 20.00 AU, CI95% 7.79-22.09, p ˂ 0.001). The probability of a CFP was associated to negative ANA, low ANA titer, and multiple positive MSA/MAA (p ˂ 0.001). In this study, we confirmed that CFP results using LIA are frequent, and are associated with low signal intensity MSA/MAA, negative ANA, lower titer ANA, and with multiple positive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Loarce-Martos
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Calvo Sanz
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana García-Soidan
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Garbiñe Roy Ariño
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Starshinova A, Malkova A, Zinchenko Y, Kudryavtsev I, Serebriakova M, Akisheva T, Lapin S, Mazing A, Kudlay D, Glushkova A, Yablonskiy P, Shoenfeld Y. Identification of autoimmune markers in pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1059714. [PMID: 36761174 PMCID: PMC9905676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases is mainly promoted by poorly regulated and/or wrong targeted immune response to pathogens including M. tuberculosis. Autoimmunity is one of the processes with are characteristics of tuberculosis (Tbc). The aim was to determine the autoimmune clinical and immunological features in patients with pulmonary Tbc. Materials and methods A prospective comparative study was performed in 2017 - 2019 with the inclusion of 46 patients with Tbc. The trigger factors and clinical manifestations, autoantibodies, peripheral blood B cell subsets were stained with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies. 40 healthy volunteers in the control group, were matched for age with no chronic diseases, contacts with TB patients and changes in their laboratory parameters. A statistical analysis was done with GraphPad Prism 6, Statistica 10 (Statsoft) and MedCalc - version 18.2.1 values. Results There were no significant ASIA triggers in Tbc patients and control group. 21.1% of Tbc patients had a high level of a rheumatoid factor and in 47.4% complement system factor C3 was high; anti-MCV was detected in 60.7% of Tbc patients. Relative and absolute frequencies of "naïve" Bm1 cells and eBm5 were significantly decreased and activated pre-germinal-center Bm2' cells were significantly increased in Tbc patients. The CD24++CD38++ B cells were increased in Tbc vs control group (10.25% vs 5.42%), p < 0.001, and 19 cell/1μL (10; 290 vs 11 cell/1μL (6; 20), p = 0.029, respectively). The frequency of CXCR3+CCR4- Tfh1 cells was significantly lower in Tbc vs control one (26.52% vs. 31.00%, p = 0.004), while CXCR3-CCR4+ Tfh2 cells were increased in Tbc (20.31% vs. controls (16.56%, p = 0.030). The absolute numbers of Tfh1 cells were decreased in the Tbc vs. control (24 cell/1μL vs. 37 cell/1μL p = 0.005). Conclusion The results of our study showed that the detection of a rheumatoid factor, the components of complement system and anti-MCV in complex with alterations in B cells and follicular Th cell subsets may indicate a presence of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, but they are not specific. The indicators of autoimmune-related provide new opportunities in the Tbc treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starshinova
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia,*Correspondence: Anna Starshinova,
| | - Anna Malkova
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Zinchenko
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia,St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Serebriakova
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Akisheva
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Lapin
- St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia,Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anzhela Glushkova
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Piotr Yablonskiy
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia,St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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22
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Vulasala SSR, Hairr ML, Bandaru RR, Khalilullah MZ, Johnson L. Severe Thrombocytopenia in a 30-Year-Old African American Male With Newly Diagnosed Sarcoidosis: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e34135. [PMID: 36843824 PMCID: PMC9948513 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas. Hematological manifestations such as thrombocytopenia are unusual presentations of the disease. Various theories have been proposed for the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with sarcoidosis such as decreased production in bone marrow caused by granuloma formation, hypersplenism, and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). We present a case of a 30-year-old African American male with ITP secondary to sarcoidosis who presented with a sudden onset of buccal mucosa and mucocutaneous bleeding and was found to have severe thrombocytopenia with values reaching as low as 1000/uL without prior history of easy bruising or bleeding. Overall, our patient had dyspnea, mucocutaneous bleeding, and was found to have mediastinal and hilar adenopathy, isolated thrombocytopenia, no splenomegaly, and non-necrotizing granulomas in the lymph nodes. The patient received platelet transfusions without initial response and received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), romiplostim, and steroids with subsequent improvement in the platelet count after sufficient administration of a treatment regimen of approximately one week. Confounding factors that resulted in diagnostic uncertainty of our patient presentation included travel history with prophylactic antimalarial medications, doxycycline usage, only slightly elevated Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) levels, and imaging features concerning metastatic disease vs. lymphoma. The clinical diversity of sarcoidosis often leads to diagnostic uncertainty and treatment delays due to its resemblance to other more common disorders. This is a novel case report of the earliest temporal presentation of severe thrombocytopenia and sarcoidosis in an African American male reported in the literature.
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23
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Löfgren Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Clinical Course, and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e33651. [PMID: 36788849 PMCID: PMC9912994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Löfgren syndrome is an acute presentation of sarcoidosis that comprises fever, bilateral and symmetric hilar lymphadenopathies, polyarthritis, and erythema. We present the case of a 34-year-old male patient who presented with ankle monoarthritis without a history of a traumatic event. Contralateral ankle arthritis associated with erythema nodosum and fever developed one week later. Laboratory tests showed anemia, thrombocytosis, and elevated inflammatory parameters. A chest CT revealed symmetrical mediastinal and hilar adenopathies. A transbronchial biopsy was compatible with granulomatous lymphadenitis, and the diagnosis of Löfgren syndrome was confirmed. Our case report and literature review emphasize the wide web of mimicry of acute sarcoidosis. Secondary forms of acute sarcoidosis are likely to benefit from additional and more complex immunomodulatory therapies. Close monitoring and follow-up should be conducted because it is possible that these patients experience higher rates of recurrence or relapse.
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PD1, CTLA4 and TIGIT Expression on T and NK Cells in Granulomatous Diseases: Sarcoidosis and ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010256. [PMID: 36613701 PMCID: PMC9820065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous diseases affecting the lungs. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a histologically granulomatous B-mediated disorder characterized by activated T cells. The expression of immune checkpoint (IC) molecules (PD1, CTLA4, TIGIT) on T- and NK-cells negatively regulate the T-cell immune function. The present study aimed to explore the peripheral distribution of IC molecules to better elucidate their peripheral tolerance failure, which might reflect the development of diseases. Patients referred to Respiratory Diseases and Rheumatology Unit of Siena University Hospital were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Healthy subjects were also enrolled as a control group. Multicolor flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect IC molecules in the peripheral blood of patients. Twenty-three patients were consecutively and prospectively enrolled in the study: 11 patients had an AAV diagnosis and 12 had sarcoidosis. CD4+PD1+ cells were higher in sarcoidosis and GPA than in HC (p = 0.0250 and p = 0.0253, respectively). CD56+CTLA4+ were higher in sarcoidosis than GPA, MPA and HC (p = 0.0085, p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0004, respectively). CTLA4+NK cells clustered for 100% of sarcoidosis patients according to decision tree analysis, while PD1+CD4 and CD8 cells for clustered for 100% of GPA patients. Our analyses showed substantial differences between sarcoidosis and AAV, further confirming the immunological peculiarity of this disease. Despite these advances, the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, indicating an urgent need for further research to reveal the distinct immunological events in this process, with the hope to open up new therapeutic avenues and, if possible, to develop preventive measures.
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25
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26
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Xu Q, Huang ZS, Liu QP, Wei JCC. Tofacitinib for sarcoidosis, a new potential treatment. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1217-1219. [PMID: 36320145 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ping Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Malkova A, Zinchenko Y, Starshinova A, Kudlay D, Kudryavtsev I, Glushkova A, Yablonskiy P, Shoenfeld Y. Sarcoidosis: Progression to the chronic stage and pathogenic based treatment (narrative review). Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:963435. [PMID: 36148463 PMCID: PMC9486475 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.963435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors confirm the autoimmune nature of sarcoidosis and help in determining the strategy of patient management and treatment initiation. However, the causes and the mechanisms of disease progression that result in fibrosis and insufficiency of the affected organ remain unclear. This narrative review aims to analyse the mechanisms and biomarkers of sarcoidosis progression, as well as the pathogenetic basis of sarcoidosis therapy. The following characteristics of progressive chronic sarcoidosis were revealed: the disease develops in patients with a genetic predisposition (SNP in genes GREM1, CARD15, TGF-β3, HLA-DQB1*06:02, HLA-DRB1*07/14/15), which contributes either the decreased ability of antigen elimination or autoimmune inflammation. Various prognostic biomarkers of disease progression (decreased levels of neopterin, elastase, sIL-2R, chitotriosidase, glycoprotein Krebs von den Lungen, Th17 cell count, reduced quantity of TNF-α in peripheral blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) have been described and can potentially be used to determine the group of patients who will benefit from the use of corticosteroids/cytostatic drugs/biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malkova
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Zinchenko
- Phthisiopulmonology Department, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- *Correspondence: Anna Starshinova ;
| | - Dmitriy Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anzhela Glushkova
- V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Piotr Yablonskiy
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Phthisiopulmonology Department, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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28
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Cattelan F, Hysa E, Gotelli E, Pizzorni C, Bica PF, Grosso M, Barisione E, Paolino S, Carmisciano L, Sulli A, Smith V, Cutolo M. Microvascular capillaroscopic abnormalities and occurrence of antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with sarcoidosis. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:2199-2210. [PMID: 36040491 PMCID: PMC9548476 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We described nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) findings and estimated the prevalence of serum anti-nuclear (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies (ENA) in a cohort of sarcoidosis patients, comparing them with adequate healthy controls (HCs) and with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon patients (PRPs). NVC findings were also correlated with the occurrence of autoantibodies, current treatment, laboratory parameters, variables of lung function and whole-body imaging data. Twenty-six patients with sarcoidosis were assessed through NVC, laboratory parameters, pulmonary function tests, chest-X ray and 18- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The NVC parameters and ANA/ENA dosage were recorded also in 30 PRPs and 30 HCs. Sarcoidosis patients showed a higher rate of capillary dilations and nonspecific abnormalities and a lower mean capillary absolute number than PRPs and HCs (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). The prevalence of ANA positivity was higher in patients with sarcoidosis compared with PRPs and HCs (p < 0.02 for both), whereas ENA positivity was detected in one sarcoidosis patient (Ro52). Among sarcoidosis patients, the mean capillary absolute number negatively correlated with the C-reactive protein concentrations and was positively associated with the forced vital capacity percentage. Instead, a negative correlation was detected between serum ACE levels and the presence of capillary dilations (all p < 0.05). Our findings suggest a microvascular involvement in sarcoidosis whose investigation by NVC might be useful for the follow-up of patients displaying RP. Autoantibody positivity in sarcoidosis might suggest autoimmune implications in the disease or the production of autoantibodies reactive to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cattelan
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elvis Hysa
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gotelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Francesco Bica
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Grosso
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Paolino
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Carmisciano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCSS San Martino Polyclinic, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Zhang Q, Huang H, Zhang M, Fang C, Wang N, Jing X, Guo J, Sun W, Yang X, Xu Z. Exome Sequencing Reveals Genetic Variability and Identifies Chronic Prognostic Loci in Chinese Sarcoidosis Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910227. [PMID: 35860586 PMCID: PMC9289133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granuloma formation in various organs, with several recognized genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite substantial progress, the genetic determinants associated with its prognosis remain largely unknown. Objectives This study aimed to identify the genetic changes involved in sarcoidosis and evaluate their clinical relevance. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 116 sporadic sarcoidosis patients (acute sarcoidosis patients, n=58; chronic sarcoidosis patients, n=58). In addition, 208 healthy controls were selected from 1000 G East Asian population data. To identify genes enriched in sarcoidosis, Fisher exact tests were performed. The identified genes were included for further pathway analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Additionally, we used the STRING database to construct a protein network of rare variants and Cytoscape to identify hub genes of signaling pathways. Results WES and Fisher’s exact test identified 1,311 variants in 439 protein-coding genes. A total of 135 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 30 protein-coding genes involved in the immunological process based on the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis showed osteoclast differentiation and cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions. Three missense mutations (rs76740888, rs149664918, and rs78251590) in two genes (PRSS3 and CNN2) of immune-related genes showed significantly different mutation frequencies between the disease group and healthy controls. The correlation of genetic abnormalities with clinical outcomes using multivariate analysis of the clinical features and mutation loci showed that the missense variant (rs76740888, Chr9:33796673 G>A) of PRSS3 [p=0.04, odds ratio (OR) = 2.49] was significantly associated with chronic disease prognosis. Additionally, the top two hub genes were CCL4 and CXCR4 based on protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Conclusion Our study provides new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and identifies novel genetic alterations in this disease, especially PRSS3, which may be promising targets for future therapeutic strategies for chronic sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chuling Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zuojun Xu,
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Wu JH, Imadojemu S, Caplan AS. The Evolving Landscape of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis: Pathogenic Insight, Clinical Challenges, and New Frontiers in Therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:499-514. [PMID: 35583850 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-022-00693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of granulomas in affected tissue. Cutaneous manifestations are among the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in sarcoidosis and can lead to disfiguring disease requiring chronic therapy. In many patients, skin disease may be the first recognized manifestation of sarcoidosis, necessitating a thorough evaluation for systemic involvement. Although the precise etiology of sarcoidosis and the pathogenic mechanisms leading to granuloma formation, persistence, or resolution remain unclear, recent research has led to significant advances in our understanding of this disease. This article reviews recent advances in epidemiology, sarcoidosis clinical assessment with a focus on the dermatologist's role, disease pathogenesis, and new therapies in use and under investigation for cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H Wu
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sotonye Imadojemu
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avrom S Caplan
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- New York University Sarcoidosis Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Oyama N, Baba N, Ido H, Hasegawa M. A case of widespread unilateral subcutaneous sarcoidosis with ocular and pulmonary involvements with seropositivity for anti‐double
strand‐DNA
antibody and rheumatoid factor: A revisit of gap between humoral autoimmune abnormalities and clinical findings. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Natsuki Baba
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Hideki Ido
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Fukui Japan
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Repository Corticotropin Injection for the Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Narrative Review. Pulm Ther 2022; 8:43-55. [PMID: 35113366 PMCID: PMC8861221 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-022-00181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although corticosteroids are the standard first-line therapy for pulmonary sarcoidosis, long-term and high-dose use of these drugs are associated with increased risk of adverse events and high healthcare utilization costs. Treatment guidelines for pulmonary sarcoidosis indicate that off-label immunomodulators and biologics may be warranted for severe disease. Repository corticotropin injection (RCI, Acthar® Gel), a complex mixture of adrenocorticotropic hormone analogs and other pituitary peptides, is one of only two therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for symptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis and is recommended by current European Respiratory Society treatment guidelines for use on a case-by-case basis. With its unique anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanism of action through activation of melanocortin receptors in various cell types, RCI has demonstrated steroid-sparing properties. RCI has a long history of use in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, with proven safety and efficacy for pulmonary sarcoidosis. In this narrative review, we present the clinical evidence for the safety and efficacy of RCI in the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis, identify where RCI falls within the current treatment guidelines, and describe the unique mechanism of action of RCI for promoting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
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Selvaraj C, Abhirami R, Vijayakumar R, Alfaiz FA, Singh SK. Immunological insights of selectins in human disease mechanism. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 129:163-188. [PMID: 35305718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selectin enzymes are glycoproteins and are an important adhesion molecule in the mammalian immune system, especially in the inflammatory response and the healing process of tissues. Selectins play an important role in a variety of biological processes, including the rolling of leukocytes in endothelial cells, a process known as the adhesion cascade. It has recently been discovered and reported that the selectin mechanism plays a role in cancer and thrombosis disease. This process begins with non-covalent interactions-based selectin-ligand binding and the glycans play a role as a connector between cancer cells and the endothelium in this process. The selectin mechanism is critical for the immune system, but it is also involved in disease mechanisms, earning the selectins the nickname "Selectins-The Two Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Faces". As a result, the drug for selectins should have a multifaceted role and be a dynamic molecule that targets the disease mechanism specifically. This chapter explores the role of selectins in the disease mechanism at the mechanism level that provides the impact for identifying the selectin inhibitors. Overall, this chapter provides the molecular level insights on selectins, their ligands, involvement in normal and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
| | - Rajaram Abhirami
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
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Belkız U, Ali ÖM, Mehmet G, Yunus Ö, Müge AE. Muscle Herniation of the Extremities Coexistent with Piezogenic Pedal Papules: A Case Report. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:420-421. [PMID: 36578759 PMCID: PMC9792008 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_952_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uyar Belkız
- From the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Özel Mehmet Ali
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Gamsızkan Mehmet
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Özcan Yunus
- From the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Acar Emine Müge
- Department of Dermatology Medicalpark Keçiören Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Koutrakis NE, Sahu A, Vasilyeva D, Peters SM. Orofacial sarcoidosis: report of three cases. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2022009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a systemic non-caseating granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology that may affect multiple organ systems. Head and neck involvement can present in unusual and often nonspecific ways. Observations: We report three cases of sarcoidosis with orofacial manifestations: one African American patient with an existing diagnosis who presented with perioral cutaneous involvement by sarcoidosis, and two Caucasian patients with cases where the initial oral presentation – diffusely affected gingiva in one and intraosseous jaw involvement with resultant dental implant failure in the other – led to workup and establishment of the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The patients were referred to rheumatology and dermatology for appropriate treatment. Conclusion: Although oral lesions of sarcoidosis are not common, they may be the first clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis. The practitioner should be aware of the possible manifestations and be able to formulate an informed clinical differential diagnosis.
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Kök GF, Türsen Ü. The Immunogenetics of Granulomatous Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:349-368. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alba AC, Gupta S, Kugathasan L, Ha A, Ochoa A, Balter M, Sosa Liprandi A, Sosa Liprandi MI. Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 46:100936. [PMID: 34400001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) with clinical manifestation occurs in about 5-8% of patients with sarcoidosis. CS may be clinically suspected by the presence of ventricular arrhythmia, conduction abnormalities, and heart failure (HF). However, 20%-25% of patients may present with silent CS, having asymptomatic cardiac involvement. The diagnosis of CS is based on findings from nuclear studies, cardiac magnetic resonance, and extra-cardiac tissue biopsy. Due to the inflammatory nature of the disease, immunosuppressive medications are a cornerstone of therapy. The treatment also includes recommended HF medical therapies. Since CS patients are at risk of sudden cardiac death resulting from progression of cardiac dysfunction or the presence of scar originating from fatal arrhythmias, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators should be considered, with special indication beyond accepted recommendations in HF. In CS, the extent of left ventricular dysfunction is the most important mortality predictor. Heart transplant or mechanical circulatory support may represent life saving strategies in selective CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Alba
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shyla Gupta
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Kugathasan
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Ha
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alejandro Ochoa
- Echocardiography, Cardioestudio, Clinica Las Vegas, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Meyer Balter
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alvaro Sosa Liprandi
- Department of Cardiology and Heart Failure, Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcoidosis is a poorly understood multisystem granulomatous disease that frequently involves the lungs but can affect any organ system. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the understanding of the immune dysregulation seen in sarcoidosis and propose a new expanded definition of human autoimmunity in sarcoidosis, and the implications it would have on treating sarcoidosis with targeted immunotherapy regimens in the future. RECENT FINDINGS Sarcoidosis has been linked to infectious organisms like Mycobacterium and Cutibacterium, and certain manifestations of sarcoidosis have been linked to specific HLA alleles, but the overall pathogenesis remains uncertain. Sarcoidosis patients have similar patterns of cellular immune dysregulation seen in other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, and recent large-scale population studies show that sarcoidosis frequently presents with other autoimmune diseases. SUMMARY Advancements in the understanding of sarcoidosis support its consideration as an autoimmune disease. Sarcoidosis patients carry a higher risk of comorbid autoimmune conditions which offers an excellent opportunity to further understand autoimmunity and explore biologic therapies in sarcoidosis treatment, and furthermore will better targeted immunotherapy regimens for sarcoidosis patients in the future.
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Shi TY, Wen XH, Shi XH, Meng J, Lu YW. Associations between sarcoidosis, autoimmune diseases, and autoantibodies: a single-center retrospective study in China. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:277-283. [PMID: 34191227 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To describe the clinical manifestations, immunological features, and risk factors in patients with sarcoidosis complicated with autoimmune diseases (ADs) as well as determine the frequency of autoantibodies and possible correlation between autoantibodies and laboratory data. Patients with pathologically confirmed sarcoidosis at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (China) between January 2017 and October 2020 were included. Age- and sex-matched patients who visited the rheumatology outpatient clinic without systemic or ADs were included as controls. Demographic, clinical, serological, and radiological data of sarcoidosis patients were recorded and analyzed. To exclude ADs, autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibody, extractable nuclear antigen antibodies, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody were assessed in controls. A total of 154 sarcoidosis patients (111 females; 72.1%) with a mean ± standard deviation age of 50.7 ± 10.3 years were included. Nineteen patients (12.3%) had ADs; Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 6) and Sjogren's syndrome (n = 4) were common. Age, globulin, immunoglobulin G, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein were significantly different between sarcoidosis patients with and without ADs. The ESR level might be a risk factor for sarcoidosis complicated with ADs (RR = 1.053; P = 0.018). Autoantibodies were detected in 29 patients (18.8%), and the frequency was significantly higher than that in controls (18.8% vs. 3%; P = 0.001). Sarcoidosis patients were more likely to have autoantibodies despite the absence of ADs (10.4% vs. 3%; P = 0.031). Age may be a risk factor for sarcoidosis patients presenting with autoantibodies (RR = 1.077; P = 0.042). An association was identified between ADs and sarcoidosis. The inflammatory indexes, such as ESR, IgG, and CRP, were significantly different between sarcoidosis patients with and without ADs. ESR might be a risk factor for the coexistence of ADs and sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis patients were prone to being autoantibody-positive despite the absence of ADs, and age might be a risk factor for sarcoidosis presenting with autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yan Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xu-Hua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Juan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yue-Wu Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Hinz A, Zenger M, Leuteritz K, Mehnert-Theuerkauf A, Petrowski K. Do patients suffering from chronic diseases retrospectively overestimate how healthy they were before they fell ill? Int J Clin Health Psychol 2021; 21:100230. [PMID: 33995538 PMCID: PMC8091885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: To examine the impact of a disease on a person's subjective health state, patients are often asked to assess their current health state and to retrospectively assess how healthy they were before they fell ill. The objective of this study was to test whether patients generally overestimated the quality of their pre-disease health. Method: Six samples of patients with chronic diseases (cancer patients, cardiovascular patients, and patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis, N between 197 and 1,197) were analyzed. The patients assessed their current health states and their health states at the time before diagnosis. The retrospective scores were compared with matched data from general population studies. Results: In three of the six studies, the retrospective health ratings of the patients were significantly higher than the general population norms (effect sizes between 0.24 and 0.46), two studies yielded nonsignificant effects, and in one study there was an opposite trend. The general overestimation of pre-disease health was more pronounced in older patients as compared with younger ones, and it was more pronounced when global health/quality of life was to be assessed. Conclusions: Retrospective assessments of pre-disease health states are not appropriate for assessing disease-related changes in a person's health state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Zenger
- Department of Applied Human Studies, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Leuteritz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Germany
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New laboratory criteria of the autoimmune inflammation in pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Clin Immunol 2021; 227:108724. [PMID: 33845192 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis have many clinical and laboratory similarities, which allowed researchers to assume the presence of common pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of both diseases. Recently, much attention has been paid to investigate the autoimmune origins in these pathologies. The aim of this study is to find out the characteristics of the autoinflammatory immune response in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. In patients with sarcoidosis (n = 93), tuberculosis (n = 28), and in healthy donors (n = 40), the serum anti-MCV concentration was measured by ELISA, and B cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Based on the results obtained, the formula ([B-naïve%]\[B-memory%]) * ([B-CD38%] + [B-CD5%]) / [anti-MCV] was described. The increase in the calculated index by more than 5 units with a sensitivity of 80.00% and a specificity of 93.10% (AUC = 0.926) suggest the presence of the autoimmune component, which is more typical for sarcoidosis, rather than tuberculosis patients and may serve as a diagnostic criterion.
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Tulbă D, Popescu BO, Manole E, Băicuș C. Immune Axonal Neuropathies Associated With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:610585. [PMID: 33935704 PMCID: PMC8079948 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.610585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune axonal neuropathies are a particular group of immune-mediated neuropathies that occasionally accompany systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as connective tissue dissorders and primary systemic vasculitides. Apart from vasculitis of vasa nervorum, various other mechanisms are involved in their pathogenesis, with possible therapeutic implications. Immune axonal neuropathies have highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and course, ranging from mild chronic distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy to severe subacute mononeuritis multiplex with rapid progression and constitutional symptoms such as fever, malaise, weight loss and night sweats, underpinning a vasculitic process. Sensory neuronopathy (ganglionopathy), small fiber neuropathy (sensory and/or autonomic), axonal variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome and cranial neuropathies have also been reported. In contrast to demyelinating neuropathies, immune axonal neuropathies show absent or reduced nerve amplitudes with normal latencies and conduction velocities on nerve conduction studies. Diagnosis and initiation of treatment are often delayed, leading to accumulating disability. Considering the lack of validated diagnostic criteria and evidence-based treatment protocols for immune axonal neuropathies, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on etiopathogenesis, clinical and paraclinical findings as well as therapy guidance for assisting the clinician in approaching these patients. High quality clinical research is required in order to provide indications and follow up rules for treatment in immune axonal neuropathies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Tulbă
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Colentina-Research and Development Center, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, "Victor Babeș" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Manole
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, "Victor Babeș" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Băicuș
- Colentina-Research and Development Center, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Characterization of innate and adaptive immune cells involved in the foreign body reaction to polypropylene meshes in the human abdomen. Hernia 2021; 26:309-323. [PMID: 33788008 PMCID: PMC8881270 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-021-02396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Polypropylene (PP) mesh is widely used to reinforce tissues. The foreign body reaction (FBR) to the implant is dominated by innate immune cells, especially macrophages. However, considerable numbers of adaptive immune cells, namely T cells, have also been regularly observed, which appear to play a crucial role in the long-term host response. Methods This study investigated the FBR to seven human PP meshes, which were removed from the abdomen for recurrence after a median of one year. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, the FBR was examined for various innate (CD11b+ myeloid, CD68+ macrophages, CD56+ NK) and adaptive immune cells (CD3+ T, CD4+ T-helper, CD8+ cytotoxic, FoxP3+ T-regulatory, CD20+ B) as well as “conventional” immune cells (defined as cells expressing their specific immune cell marker without co-expressing CD68). Results T-helper cells (19%) and regulatory T-cells (25%) were present at comparable rates to macrophages, and clustered significantly toward the mesh fibers. For all cell types the lowest proportions of “conventional” cells (< 60%) were observed at the mesh–tissue interface, but increased considerably at about 50–100 µm, indicating reduced stimulation with rising distance to the mesh fibers. Conclusion Both innate and adaptive immune cells participate in the chronic FBR to PP meshes with T cells and macrophages being the predominant cell types, respectively. In concordance with the previous data, many cells presented a “hybrid” pattern near the mesh fibers. The complexity of the immune reaction seen within the foreign body granuloma may explain why approaches focusing on specific cell types have not been very successful in reducing the chronic FBR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10029-021-02396-7.
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Abstract
Nonneoplastic entities may closely resemble the imaging findings of primary or metastatic intracranial neoplasia, posing diagnostic challenges for the referring provider and radiologist. Prospective identification of brain tumor mimics is an opportunity for the radiologist to add value to patient care by decreasing time to diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures and medical therapies, but requires familiarity with mimic entities and a high degree of suspicion on the part of the interpreting radiologist. This article provides a framework for the radiologist to identify "brain tumor mimics," highlighting imaging and laboratory pearls and pitfalls, and illustrating unique and frequently encountered lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Donahue
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0170, USA
| | - Sohil H Patel
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0170, USA
| | - Camilo E Fadul
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800432, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0170, USA
| | - Sugoto Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0170, USA.
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Paone G, Steffanina A, De Rose G, Leonardo G, Colombo D, Ricci P, Sabetta F, Vaccaro F, Rosato E, Palange P. A life-threatening small bowel obstruction as onset of an unknown sarcoidosis: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 33:101379. [PMID: 33786300 PMCID: PMC7994781 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology characterized by non-caseating granulomas at the site of disease. A confident diagnosis should be established by the evidence of typical granulomas on biopsy and after exclusion of other conditions. Clinically recognizable Gastrointestinal involvement (GI) occurs in less than 1.6% of patients with sarcoidosis, with data revealing small intestine participation in 0.03% of the cases and few anecdotal reports describe a peritoneal presentation. Clinical manifestations of peritoneal sarcoidosis are abdominal discomfort, bloating, weight loss, epigastric and peri-umbilical pain with or without ascites, bowel obstruction. Treatment depends on symptoms and disease activity. Herein we describe the case of a 42-years-old male patient who developed an acute, life–threatening small bowel obstruction as first manifestation of sarcoidosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only report showing such extensive and acute onset of intra-abdominal sarcoidosis in the absence of a previous disease manifestation and without pulmonary involvement. Abdominal sarcoidosis is a sporadic event and localization without pulmonary involvement is rarer mimicking GI diseases. Reaching abdominal sarcoidosis diagnosis is not a straightforward process. It is pivotal to confirm sarcoidosis diagnosis before subjecting patients to an appropriate treatment. Corticosteroids are considered the cornerstone treatment. Asymptomatic patients may undergo a watch and wait follow-up with no need for a pharmacological therapy. Surgery is not often required but individualized patient evaluation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorino Paone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic, Geriatric Sciences La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia De Rose
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Colombo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ricci
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Vaccaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rosato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palange
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Lui JK, Mesfin N, Tugal D, Klings ES, Govender P, Berman JS. Critical Care of Patients With Cardiopulmonary Complications of Sarcoidosis. J Intensive Care Med 2021; 37:441-458. [PMID: 33611981 DOI: 10.1177/0885066621993041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease defined by the presence of aberrant granulomas affecting various organs. Due to its multisystem involvement, care of patients with established sarcoidosis becomes challenging, especially in the intensive care setting. While the lungs are typically involved, extrapulmonary manifestations also occur either concurrently or exclusively within a significant proportion of patients, complicating diagnostic and management decisions. The scope of this review is to focus on what considerations are necessary in the evaluation and management of patients with known sarcoidosis and their associated complications within a cardiopulmonary and critical care perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Lui
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Mesfin
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derin Tugal
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Klings
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Govender
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Berman
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Cheng WC, Shen MF, Wu BR, Liao WC, Chen CY, Chen WC, Chen CH, Tu CY. Identification of Specific Endobronchial Ultrasound Features to Differentiate Sarcoidosis From Other Causes of Lymphadenopathy. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:49-58. [PMID: 32562435 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that specific endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) features may differentiate sarcoidosis from other causes of lymphadenopathy. METHODS We conducted this retrospective observational study from January 2014 to January 2019 to analyze patients with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy who underwent EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Ultrasound features, including nodal size, margin, echogenicity, the presence or absence of calcification, a central hilar structure, the coagulation necrosis sign, nodal conglomeration, and the septal vessel sign in the color Doppler mode were recorded and compared between 3 groups. RESULTS Of the 90 included patients, 15 had a diagnosis of tuberculosis; 56 had a diagnosis of sarcoidosis; and 19 had a diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes by EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. The presence of nodal conglomeration (94.6% versus 60.0% versus 5.3%; P < .001), the septal vessel sign in the color Doppler mode (55.4% versus 13.3% versus 15.8%; P = .002), and a distinct margin (73.2% versus 13.3% versus 47.4%; P < .001) were significantly higher in the sarcoidosis group than in the tuberculosis lymphadenopathy and malignant lymph node groups. The presence of the coagulation necrosis sign (8.9% versus 93.3% versus 31.6%; P < .001) was significantly lower in the sarcoidosis group than in tuberculosis lymphadenopathy and malignant lymph node groups. A multivariate analysis showed that the presence of nodal conglomeration, the absence of coagulation necrosis, and the presence of the septal vessel sign in the color Doppler mode were independent predictive factors for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. CONCLUSIONS The presence of nodal conglomeration, the absence of coagulation necrosis, and the presence of the septal vessel sign in the color Doppler mode in lymph nodes on EBUS are predictive of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fang Shen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Biing-Ru Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Clinical Trial Consortium for Lung Diseases, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Calender A, Weichhart T, Valeyre D, Pacheco Y. Current Insights in Genetics of Sarcoidosis: Functional and Clinical Impacts. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2633. [PMID: 32823753 PMCID: PMC7465171 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex disease that belongs to the vast group of autoinflammatory disorders, but the etiological mechanisms of which are not known. At the crosstalk of environmental, infectious, and genetic factors, sarcoidosis is a multifactorial disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach for which genetic research, in particular, next generation sequencing (NGS) tools, has made it possible to identify new pathways and propose mechanistic hypotheses. Codified treatments for the disease cannot always respond to the most progressive forms and the identification of new genetic and metabolic tracks is a challenge for the future management of the most severe patients. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the genes identified by both genome wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing (WES), as well the connection of these pathways with the current research on sarcoidosis immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Calender
- Department of Molecular and Medical genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital, 69500 Bron, France;
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- INSERM UMR 1272, Department of Pulmonology, Avicenne Hospital, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Saint Joseph Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Yves Pacheco
- Department of Molecular and Medical genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital, 69500 Bron, France;
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
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James WE. Overlap Syndromes in Sarcoidosis: Clinical Features and Outcomes. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41:607-617. [PMID: 32777847 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. While pulmonary sarcoidosis is most common, extrapulmonary involvement occurs in 50 to 74% of patients and can be the presenting abnormality in some patients. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on a compatible clinical presentation in combination with granulomas on histology and exclusion of other causes. However, the absence of a diagnostic biomarker for sarcoidosis, in addition to the overlap of granulomatous inflammation and nonspecific clinical findings with other diseases, often results in a delayed diagnosis. Sarcoidosis overlap syndromes are typically described when sarcoidosis is diagnosed in the presence of another disease (concurrently or sequentially) with shared clinical and histologic features, or when sarcoidosis presents with clinical features typically observed in, but not diagnostic of, other diseases. Awareness of overlap syndromes is important for clinicians to avoid diagnostic errors and evaluate for concomitant diagnoses that may impact the management and outcome of sarcoidosis. This article is intended to provide an overview of these presentations and the most commonly associated diseases, with attention to their prevalence, clinical features, and reciprocal impacts on disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ennis James
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Susan Pearlstine Sarcoidosis Center of Excellence, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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