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Hatem BA, Jabir FA. The Role of ACE2 Receptor and Its Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Infection and Severity and Its Association with Lipid Profile, Thrombin, and D-Dimer Levels in Iraqi Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10890-7. [PMID: 39085685 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 patients experience a complex interplay involving ACE2, thrombin, D-dimer, and lipid profile, yet its full understanding remains elusive. ACE2, a pivotal regulator of the renin-angiotensin system and the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 undergoes downregulation upon viral binding, potentially leading to severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A specific ACE2 gene polymorphism (rs2285666) may be associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, with the A allele potentially increasing infection risk. COVID-19 disease progression is linked to coagulation abnormalities, but the exact connection with thrombin and D-dimer remains uncertain. A study examining coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients admitted to Al-Diwania Educational Hospital from February to May 2022 found that thrombin and D-dimer levels were directly related to disease severity. Severe cases exhibited significantly altered coagulation function compared to mild and recovered cases, with notably higher D-dimer levels and elevated thrombin serum concentrations. Moreover, dyslipidemia, particularly low HDL cholesterol, is a prevalent comorbidity in COVID-19 patients and may be linked to worse outcomes. In conclusion, COVID-19 is associated with a prothrombotic state and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system due to ACE2 downregulation following viral binding. The intricate interplay between ACE2, thrombin, D-dimer, and lipid profile necessitates further investigation. The multifaceted nature of the disease demands continued research to unravel its pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Adnan Hatem
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Ferdous A Jabir
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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Ramachandran R, Manan A, Kim J, Choi S. NLRP3 inflammasome: a key player in the pathogenesis of life-style disorders. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1488-1500. [PMID: 38945951 PMCID: PMC11297159 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response, which is essential for the proper functioning of our immune system. When infections or threats to the body's defense mechanisms are detected, the innate immune system takes the lead. However, an excessive inflammatory response can lead to the production of high concentrations of cytotoxic molecules, resulting in tissue damage. Inflammasomes are significant contributors to innate immunity, and one of the most extensively studied inflammasome complexes is NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3). NLRP3 has a wide range of recognition mechanisms that streamline immune activation and eliminate pathogens. These cytosolic multiprotein complexes are composed of effector, adaptor, and sensor proteins, which are crucial for identifying intracellular bacterial breakdown products and initiating an innate immune cascade. To understand the diverse behavior of NLRP3 activation and its significance in the development of lifestyle-related diseases, one must delve into the study of the immune response and apoptosis mediated by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we briefly explore the immune response in the context of lifestyle associated disorders such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, oral disease, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajath Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
| | - Abdul Manan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Jei Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16502, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16502, Korea.
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Borborema MEDA, Miranda DEDO, de Lucena TMC, de Lorena VMB, Rabello MCDS, de Azevêdo Silva J. Steroid immune responsive gene regulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 146:102497. [PMID: 38408402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease displaying a multifactorial pathology. The immunomodulatory role attributed to steroid hormones, such as vitamin D3 (VD3) and 17β-estradiol (E2), highlighted the importance of these hormones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In order to understand their influence upon gene expression of immune and inflammatory responsive genes against Mtb we tested it in vitro using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cells were pretreated with VD3 (50 ng/mL) or E2 (100 nM/mL) and co-cultured with H37Rv Mtb or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS). After 24 h and 72 h of co-culture the Mtb viability in macrophages test was performed, as well the total RNA isolation for gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR of the following target genes: NLRP3, DC-SIGN, IL-1β, and IL-10. We also measured IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-2 supernatant levels. As the main results, we found that VD3 and E2 downregulated the expression of inflammatory genes NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-10 expression in Mtb co-cultured cells. Finally, VD3 treatment increased the release of the cytokine IFN-γ in Mtb-infected cells, while E2 treatment inhibited the release of IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-6. Therefore, we report an immunogenetic influence of VD3 and E2 upon Mtb co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda de Albuquerque Borborema
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Débora Elienai de Oliveira Miranda
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thays Maria Costa de Lucena
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaqueline de Azevêdo Silva
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Martínez-Gómez LE, Martinez-Armenta C, Tusie-Luna T, Vázquez-Cárdenas P, Vidal-Vázquez RP, Ramírez-Hinojosa JP, Gómez-Martín D, Vargas-Alarcón G, Posadas-Sánchez R, Fragoso JM, de la Peña A, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Mata-Miranda MM, Vázquez-Zapién GJ, Martínez-Cuazitl A, Martínez-Ruiz FDJ, Zayago-Angeles DM, Ramos-Tavera L, Méndez-Aguilera A, Camacho-Rea MDC, Ordoñez-Sánchez ML, Segura-Kato Y, Suarez-Ahedo C, Olea-Torres J, Herrera-López B, Pineda C, Martínez-Nava GA, López-Reyes A. The fatal contribution of serine protease-related genetic variants to COVID-19 outcomes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335963. [PMID: 38601158 PMCID: PMC11004237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Serine proteases play a critical role during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, polymorphisms of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and serpine family E member 1 (SERPINE1) could help to elucidate the contribution of variability to COVID-19 outcomes. Methods To evaluate the genetic variants of the genes previously associated with COVID-19 outcomes, we performed a cross-sectional study in which 1536 SARS-CoV-2-positive participants were enrolled. TMPRSS2 (rs2070788, rs75603675, rs12329760) and SERPINE1 (rs2227631, rs2227667, rs2070682, rs2227692) were genotyped using the Open Array Platform. The association of polymorphisms with disease outcomes was determined by logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates (age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity). Results According to our codominant model, the GA genotype of rs2227667 (OR=0.55; 95% CI = 0.36-0.84; p=0.006) and the AG genotype of rs2227667 (OR=0.59; 95% CI = 0.38-0.91; p=0.02) of SERPINE1 played a protective role against disease. However, the rs2227692 T allele and TT genotype SERPINE1 (OR=1.45; 95% CI = 1.11-1.91; p=0.006; OR=2.08; 95% CI = 1.22-3.57; p=0.007; respectively) were associated with a decreased risk of death. Similarly, the rs75603675 AA genotype TMPRSS2 had an OR of 1.97 (95% CI = 1.07-3.6; p=0.03) for deceased patients. Finally, the rs2227692 T allele SERPINE1 was associated with increased D-dimer levels (OR=1.24; 95% CI = 1.03-1.48; p=0.02). Discussion Our data suggest that the rs75603675 TMPRSS2 and rs2227692 SERPINE1 polymorphisms are associated with a poor outcome. Additionally, rs2227692 SERPINE1 could participate in hypercoagulable conditions in critical COVID-19 patients, and this genetic variant could contribute to the identification of new pharmacological targets and treatment strategies to block the inhibition of TMPRSS2 entry into SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Edith Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martinez-Armenta
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador, Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa P. Vidal-Vázquez
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan P. Ramírez-Hinojosa
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Departamento de Inmunogenética, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora de la Peña
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica M. Mata-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Médico Militar, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo J. Vázquez-Zapién
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Médico Militar, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Martínez-Cuazitl
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Médico Militar, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe de J. Martínez-Ruiz
- Nuevo Hospital General Delegación Regional Sur de la Ciudad de México Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce M. Zayago-Angeles
- Nuevo Hospital General Delegación Regional Sur de la Ciudad de México Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ramos-Tavera
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Departamento de Inmunogenética, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Méndez-Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María del C. Camacho-Rea
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Departamento de Inmunogenética, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María L. Ordoñez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador, Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yayoi Segura-Kato
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador, Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Suarez-Ahedo
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessel Olea-Torres
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brígida Herrera-López
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pineda
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela A. Martínez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Dirección General, Departamento de Reconstrucción Articular, Laboratorio Facilitador, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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Huang YX, Tian T, Huang JX, Wang J, Sui C, Ni J. A shared genetic contribution to osteoarthritis and COVID-19 outcomes: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184958. [PMID: 37398645 PMCID: PMC10311546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) are exposed to an increased risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19, and they tend to experience disruption in access to healthcare services and exercise facilities. However, a deep understanding of this comorbidity phenomenon and the underlying genetic architecture of the two diseases is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to untangle the relationship between OA and COVID-19 outcomes by conducting a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. Methods Genetic correlation and causal relationships between OA and COVID-19 outcomes (critical COVID-19, COVID-19 hospitalization, and COVID-19 infection) were estimated by linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian Randomization approaches. We further applied Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS and colocalization analysis to identify putative functional genes associated with both OA and COVID-19 outcomes. Results Significant positive genetic correlations between OA susceptibility and both critical COVID-19 (rg=0.266, P=0.0097) and COVID-19 hospitalization (rg=0.361, P=0.0006) were detected. However, there was no evidence to support causal genetic relationships between OA and critical COVID-19 (OR=1.17[1.00-1.36], P=0.049) or OA and COVID-19 hospitalization OR=1.08[0.97-1.20], P=0.143). These results were robustly consistent after the removal of obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Moreover, we identified a strong association signal located near the FYCO1 gene (lead SNPs: rs71325101 for critical COVID-19, Pmeta=1.02×10-34; rs13079478 for COVID-19 hospitalization, Pmeta=1.09×10-25). Conclusion Our findings further confirmed the comorbidity of OA and COVID-19 severity, but indicate a non-causal impact of OA on COVID-19 outcomes. The study offers an instructive perspective that OA patients did not generate negative COVID-19 outcomes during the pandemic in a causal way. Further clinical guidance can be formulated to enhance the quality of self-management in vulnerable OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Sui
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chen Z, Wang W, Jue H, Hua Y. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify potential common pathogenesis for COVID-19 infection and osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9330. [PMID: 37291167 PMCID: PMC10248985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing of evidence has showed that patients with osteoarthritis (OA) had a higher coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection rate and a poorer prognosis after infected it. Additionally, scientists have also discovered that COVID-19 infection might cause pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system. However, its mechanism is still not fully elucidated. This study aims to further explore the sharing pathogenesis of patients with both OA and COVID-19 infection and find candidate drugs. Gene expression profiles of OA (GSE51588) and COVID-19 (GSE147507) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for both OA and COVID-19 were identified and several hub genes were extracted from them. Then gene and pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs were performed; protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, transcription factor (TF)-gene regulatory network, TF-miRNA regulatory network and gene-disease association network were constructed based on the DEGs and hub genes. Finally, we predicted several candidate molecular drugs related to hub genes using DSigDB database. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to evaluate the accuracy of hub genes in the diagnosis of both OA and COVID-19. In total, 83 overlapping DEGs were identified and selected for subsequent analyses. CXCR4, EGR2, ENO1, FASN, GATA6, HIST1H3H, HIST1H4H, HIST1H4I, HIST1H4K, MTHFD2, PDK1, TUBA4A, TUBB1 and TUBB3 were screened out as hub genes, and some showed preferable values as diagnostic markers for both OA and COVID-19. Several candidate molecular drugs, which are related to the hug genes, were identified. These sharing pathways and hub genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies and guide more individual-based effective treatments for OA patients with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jue
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Hua
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Neira-Goulart M, de Sá NBR, Ribeiro-Alves M, Perazzo H, Geraldo KM, Ribeiro MPD, Cardoso SW, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Rodrigues Gomes L, Cazote ADS, de Almeida DV, Giacoia-Gripp CBW, Côrtes FH, Morgado MG. Inflammasome genes polymorphisms are associated with progression to mechanical ventilation and death in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Gene 2023; 865:147325. [PMID: 36870425 PMCID: PMC9979696 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. We assessed the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of inflammasome genesas risk factors for progression toCOVID-19 critical outcomes, such as mechanical ventilation support (MVS) or death.The study included 451 hospitalized individuals followed up at the INI/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 06/2020 to 03/2021. SNPs genotyping was determined by Real-Time PCR. We analyzed risk factors for progression to MVS (n = 174[38.6 %]) or death (n = 175[38.8 %])as a result of COVID-19 by Cox proportional hazardmodels.Slower progression toMVSwas associated with allele G (aHR = 0.66;P = 0.005) or the genotype G/G (aHR = 0.391;P = 0.006) in the NLRP3 rs10754558 or the allele G (aHR = 0.309;P = 0.004) in the IL1βrs1143634, while C allele in the NLRP3 rs4612666 (aHR = 2.342;P = 0.006) or in the rs10754558 (aHR = 2.957;P = 0.005) were associated with faster progression to death. Slower progression to death was associated to allele G (aHR = 0.563;P = 0.006) or the genotype A/G (aHR = 0.537;P = 0.005) in the CARD8 rs6509365; the genotype A/C in the IFI16 rs1101996 (aHR = 0.569;P = 0.011); the genotype T/T (aHR = 0.394;P = 0.004) or allele T (aHR = 0.68;P = 0.006) in the NLRP3 rs4612666, and the genotype G/G (aHR = 0.326;P = 0.005) or allele G (aHR = 0,68;P = 0.014) in the NLRP3 rs10754558. Our results suggest that inflammasome genetic variations might influence the critical clinical course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Neira-Goulart
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Perazzo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Kim Mattos Geraldo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria Pia Diniz Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Wagner Cardoso
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Valdiléa G Veloso
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Gomes
- Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technological for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Andressa da Silva Cazote
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Fernanda Heloise Côrtes
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariza Gonçalves Morgado
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Das A, Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity-associated asthma: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186060. [PMID: 37251328 PMCID: PMC10213975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is fast growing as a global pandemic and is associated with numerous comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sleep disorders, nephropathy, neuropathy, as well as asthma. Studies stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, and encounter severe symptoms due to a number of pathophysiology. It is very vital to understand the copious relationship between obesity and asthma, however, a clear and pinpoint pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and asthma is scarce. There is a plethora of obesity-asthma etiologies reported viz., increased circulating pro-inflammatory adipokines like leptin, resistin, and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines like adiponectin, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, activation of Notch signaling pathway, and dysregulated melanocortin pathway reported, however, there is a very limited number of reports that interrelates these pathophysiologies. Due to the underlying complex pathophysiologies exaggerated by obese conditions, obese asthmatics respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs. The poor response towards anti-asthmatic drugs may be due to the anti-asthmatics approach only that ignores the anti-obesity target. So, aiming only at the conventional anti-asthmatic targets in obese-asthmatics may prove to be futile until and unless treatment is directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis for a holistic approach towards amelioration of obesity-associated asthma. Herbal medicines for obesity as well as obesity-associated comorbidities are fast becoming safer and more effective alternatives to conventional drugs due to their multitargeted approach with fewer adverse effects. Although, herbal medicines are widely used for obesity-associated comorbidities, however, a limited number of herbal medicines have been scientifically validated and reported against obesity-associated asthma. Notable among them are quercetin, curcumin, geraniol, resveratrol, β-Caryophyllene, celastrol, tomatidine to name a few. In view of this, there is a dire need for a comprehensive review that may summarize the role of bioactive phytoconstituents from different sources like plants, marine as well as essential oils in terms of their therapeutic mechanisms. So, this review aims to critically discuss the therapeutic role of herbal medicine in the form of bioactive phytoconstituents against obesity-associated asthma available in the scientific literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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9
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Wei D, Tian X, Zhai X, Sun C. Adipose Tissue Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Obesity: A Link to Posttranslational Modification. Immunol Invest 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37129471 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2205883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are an essential type of immune cells in adipose tissue. Obesity induces the inflammation of adipose tissues, as expressed by ATM accumulation, that is more likely to become a source of systemic metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance. The process is characterized by the transcriptional regulation of inflammatory pathways by virtue of signaling molecules such as cytokines and free fatty acids. Notably, posttranslational modification (PTM) is a key link for these signaling molecules to trigger the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype of ATMs. This review focuses on summarizing the functions and molecular mechanisms of ATMs regulating inflammation in obese adipose tissue. Furthermore, the role of PTM is elaborated, hoping to identify new horizons of treatment and prevention for obesity-mediated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
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10
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Hildebrandt X, Ibrahim M, Peltzer N. Cell death and inflammation during obesity: "Know my methods, WAT(son)". Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:279-292. [PMID: 36175539 PMCID: PMC9520110 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic diseases. During obesity, signalling via cytokines of the TNF family mediate cell death and inflammation within the adipose tissue, eventually resulting in lipid spill-over, glucotoxicity and insulin resistance. These events ultimately lead to ectopic lipid deposition, glucose intolerance and other metabolic complications with life-threatening consequences. Here we review the literature on how inflammatory responses affect metabolic processes such as energy homeostasis and insulin signalling. This review mainly focuses on the role of cell death in the adipose tissue as a key player in metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Hildebrandt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Department of Translational Genomics and; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Department of Translational Genomics and; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Nieves Peltzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Department of Translational Genomics and; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
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11
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Xing X, Hu X. Risk factors of cytokine release syndrome: stress, catecholamines, and beyond. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:93-100. [PMID: 36586780 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a severe clinical syndrome marked by drastic elevation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Despite the current empirical therapeutic strategies, prediction of CRS onset and identification of high-risk individuals are not satisfactory due to poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying CRS-related immune dysfunction and risk factors for CRS. Recent studies have suggested that conditions such as stress, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension may contribute to the development of CRS. Here, we discuss potential connections between these conditions and CRS pathogenesis, with a focus on stress hormone catecholamine-mediated effects, hoping that the design of CRS therapeutic approaches ensues from a renewed perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xing
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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12
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Xu E, Xie Y, Al-Aly Z. Risks and burdens of incident dyslipidaemia in long COVID: a cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:120-128. [PMID: 36623520 PMCID: PMC9873268 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-clinical evidence and a few human studies with short follow-ups suggest increased risk of dyslipidaemia in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 (ie, >30 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection). However, detailed large-scale controlled studies with longer follow-ups and in-depth assessment of the risks and burdens of incident dyslipidaemia in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 are not yet available. We, therefore, aimed to examine the risks and 1-year burdens of incident dyslipidaemia in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 among people who survive the first 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS In this cohort study, we used the national health-care databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs to build a cohort of 51 919 participants who had a positive COVID-19 test and survived the first 30 days of infection between March 1, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021; a non-infected contemporary control group (n=2 647 654) that enrolled patients between March 1, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021; and a historical control group (n=2 539 941) that enrolled patients between March 1, 2018, and Jan 15, 2019. Control groups had no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and participants in all three cohorts were free of dyslipidaemia before cohort enrolment. We then used inverse probability weighting using predefined and algorithmically-selected high dimensional variables to estimate the risks and 1-year burdens of incident dyslipidaemia, lipid-lowering medications use, and a composite of these outcomes. We reported two measures of risk: hazard ratios (HRs) and burden per 1000 people at 12 months. Additionally, we estimated the risks and burdens of incident dyslipidaemia outcomes in mutually exclusive groups based on the care setting of the acute infection (ie, participants who were non-hospitalised, hospitalised, or admitted to intensive care during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection). FINDINGS In the post-acute phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared with the non-infected contemporary control group, those in the COVID-19 group had higher risks and burdens of incident dyslipidaemia, including total cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dL (hazard ratio [HR] 1·26, 95% CI 1·22-1·29; burden 22·46, 95% CI 19·14-25·87 per 1000 people at 1 year), triglycerides greater than 150 mg/dL (1·27, 1·23-1·31; 22·03, 18·85-25·30), LDL cholesterol greater than 130 mg/dL (1·24, 1·20-1·29; 18·00, 14·98-21·11), and HDL cholesterol lower than 40 mg/dL (1·20, 1·16-1·25; 15·58, 12·52-18·73). The risk and burden of a composite of these abnormal lipid laboratory outcomes were 1·24 (95% CI 1·21-1·27) and 39·19 (95% CI 34·71-43·73), respectively. There was also increased risk and burden of incident lipid-lowering medications use (HR 1·54, 95% CI 1·48-1·61; burden 25·50, 95% CI 22·61-28·50). A composite of any dyslipidaemia outcome (laboratory abnormality or lipid-lowering medications use) yielded an HR of 1·31 (95% CI 1·28-1·34) and a burden of 54·03 (95% CI 49·21-58·92). The risks and burdens of these post-acute outcomes increased in a graded fashion corresponding to the severity of the acute phase of COVID-19 infection (ie, whether patients were non-hospitalised, hospitalised, or admitted to intensive care). The results were consistent in analyses comparing the COVID-19 group to the non-infected historical control group. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest increased risks and 1-year burdens of incident dyslipidaemia and incident lipid-lowering medications use in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 infection. Post-acute care for those with COVID-19 should involve attention to dyslipidaemia as a potential post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. FUNDING US Department of Veterans Affairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Xu
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Development Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Veterans Research and Education Foundation of Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Development Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Veterans Research and Education Foundation of Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ziyad Al-Aly
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Development Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Veterans Research and Education Foundation of Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Institute for Public Health, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Huang P, Zhang LY, Tan YY, Chen SD. Links between COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease/Alzheimer's disease: reciprocal impacts, medical care strategies and underlying mechanisms. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 36717892 PMCID: PMC9885419 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with neurodegenerative diseases and the specific neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have aroused great interest. However, there are still many issues of concern to be clarified. Therefore, we review the current literature on the complex relationship between COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases with an emphasis on Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We summarize the impact of COVID-19 infection on symptom severity, disease progression, and mortality rate of PD and AD, and discuss whether COVID-19 infection could trigger PD and AD. In addition, the susceptibility to and the prognosis of COVID-19 in PD patients and AD patients are also included. In order to achieve better management of PD and AD patients, modifications of care strategies, specific drug therapies, and vaccines during the pandemic are also listed. At last, mechanisms underlying the link of COVID-19 with PD and AD are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Lin-Yuan Zhang
- grid.412478.c0000 0004 1760 4628Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Yu-Yan Tan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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14
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Bektaş M, Yüce S, Ay M, Uyar MH, Önder ME, Kılıç Mİ. High-dose intravenous anakinra treatment is safe and effective in severe and critical COVID-19 patients: a propensity score-matched study in a single center. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:787-797. [PMID: 36707494 PMCID: PMC9882740 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In COVID-19, severe disease course such as need of intensive care unit (ICU) as well as development of mortality is mainly due to cytokine storm. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the high-dose intravenous anakinra treatment response and outcome in patients with severe and critically ill COVID-19 compared to standard of care. METHODS This retrospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary referral center. The study population consisted of two groups as follows: the patients receiving high-dose intravenous anakinra (anakinra group) between 01.09.2021 and 01.02.2022 and the patients treated with standard of care (SoC, control group) as historical control group who were hospitalized between 01.07.2021 and 01.09.2021. RESULTS After the propensity score 1:1 matching, 79 patients in anakinra and 79 patients in SoC matched and were included into the analysis. Mean ± SD patient age was 67.4 ± 16.7 and 67.1 ± 16.3 years in anakinra and SoC groups, respectively (p = 0.9). Male gender was 38 (48.7%) in anakinra and 36 (46.2%) in SoC (p = 0.8). Overall, ICU admission was in 14.1% (n = 11) and 30.8% (n = 24) (p = 0.013; OR 6.2), intubation in 12.8% (n = 10) and 16.7% (n = 13) patients (p = 0.5), and 14.1% (n = 11) and 32.1% (n = 25) patients died in anakinra and control groups, respectively (p = 0.008; OR 7.1). CONCLUSION In our study, mortality was lower in patients receiving anakinra compared to SoC. Intravenous high-dose anakinra is safe and effective treatment in patients with severe and critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bektaş
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Sanayi Mahallesi, 68200 Merkez/Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Servet Yüce
- Department of Public Health and Biostatistics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Çapa, Şehremini, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, 68200 Merkez/Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Hamdi Uyar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, 68200 Merkez/Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erkut Önder
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Sanayi Mahallesi, 68200 Merkez/Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Muhammed İkbal Kılıç
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Sanayi Mahallesi, 68200 Merkez/Aksaray, Turkey
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15
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Aktar S, Amin S. SARS-CoV-2 mediated dysregulation in cell signaling events drives the severity of COVID-19. Virus Res 2023; 323:198962. [PMID: 36209917 PMCID: PMC9536871 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A balance in immune response against an unfamiliar pathogen is crucial to eliminate the infection. A cascade of cell signaling events is immediately activated upon sensing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by cellular toll like receptors in a natural host response manner against the invading virus. The ultimate aim of such innate immune signaling pathways is to provide a required level of protection to our bodies by interfering with the invader. However, if there is any loss in such balance, an impairment in immune system emerge that fails to control the regulated transcription and translation of signaling components. Consequently, excessive level of proinflammatory mediators release into the circulatory systems that ultimately cause "cytokine storm" and COVID-19 pathological syndromes. The limited production of interferons (IFNs), while excessive yield of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests an abnormal cell signaling event and explains the reasons of increased immunopathology and severity in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Aktar
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Saiful Amin
- Chittagong Medical University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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16
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Armannia F, Ghazalian F, Shadnoush M, Keyvani H, Gholami M. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Body Composition and Gene Expression of ACE2, NLRP3, and FNDC5 in Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:161. [PMID: 36820332 PMCID: PMC9938716 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is considered a multisystem disease associated with higher mortality and morbidity in adults. This study explored the effects of two Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and the gene expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in adults with obesity. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 36 obese, inactive subjects (age: 45.16 ± 3.13 yrs.; mean, BW: 112.38 ± 20.1 kg, Height: 1.67 ± 0.07, and BMI: 39.66 ± 6.07 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: HIIT: (n = 12), MICT (n = 12), and control (n = 12). Both exercise groups received 40 min of training per session (three times/week) for eight weeks. Body composition, body fat percentage (BFP), VO2max, and the gene expression of ACE2, and NLRP3, were taken pre- and post-intervention using the qRT-PCR technique. The data were analyzed using SPSS software via parametric (ANOVA and ANCOVA) and non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis). Results: Our results showed that HIIT and MICT protocols could be effective in normalizing body composition measurements and VO2max, but HIIT could reduce body fat percentage (BFP) in obese subjects. Moreover, HIIT and MICT could significantly reduce the gene expression of NLRP3 (p < 0.0001) and ACE2 (p < 0.0001), while increasing the gene expression of FNDC5 (p < 0.0001). There were negative correlations between the gene expression of FNDC5 and NLRP3, as well as ACE2. Furthermore, increased FNDC5 was negatively correlated with BFP (r = 0.392, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, our results indicated that HIIT and MICT protocols had the greatest impact on the gene expression of NLRP3, ACE2, and FNDC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Armannia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Ghazalian
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author:Farshad Ghazalian,
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Gholami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Cao JF, Gong Y, Wu M, Xiong L, Chen S, Huang H, Zhou X, Peng YC, Shen XF, Qu J, Wang YL, Zhang X. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics study Lianhua Qingwen granules (LHQW) treats COVID-19 by inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating cell survival. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1044770. [PMID: 36506032 PMCID: PMC9729774 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1044770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is endangering health of populations worldwide. Latest research has proved that Lianhua Qingwen granules (LHQW) can reduce tissue damage caused by inflammatory reactions and relieve patients' clinical symptoms. However, the mechanism of LHQW treats COVID-19 is currently lacking. Therefore, we employed computer simulations to investigate the mechanism of LHQW treats COVID-19 by modulating inflammatory response. Methods We employed bioinformatics to screen active ingredients in LHQW and intersection gene targets. PPI, GO and KEGG was used to analyze relationship of intersection gene targets. Molecular dynamics simulations validated the binding stability of active ingredients and target proteins. Binding free energy, radius of gyration and the solvent accessible surface area were analyzed by supercomputer platform. Results COVID-19 had 4628 gene targets, LHQW had 1409 gene targets, intersection gene targets were 415. Bioinformatics analysis showed that intersection targets were closely related to inflammation and immunomodulatory. Molecular docking suggested that active ingredients (including: licopyranocoumarin, Glycyrol and 3-3-Oxopropanoic acid) in LHQW played a role in treating COVID-19 by acting on CSF2, CXCL8, CCR5, NLRP3, IFNG and TNF. Molecular dynamics was used to prove the binding stability of active ingredients and protein targets. Conclusion The mechanism of active ingredients in LHQW treats COVID-19 was investigated by computer simulations. We found that active ingredients in LHQW not only reduce cell damage and tissue destruction by inhibiting the inflammatory response through CSF2, CXCL8, CCR5 and IFNG, but also regulate cell survival and growth through NLRP3 and TNF thereby reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Cao
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Mei Wu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | - Ying-chun Peng
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affifiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-fang Shen
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affifiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyu Qu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affifiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-li Wang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affifiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Medical College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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18
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Lobato TB, Gennari-Felipe M, Pauferro JRB, Correa IS, Santos BF, Dias BB, de Oliveira Borges JC, dos Santos CS, de Sousa Santos ES, de Araújo MJL, Ferreira LA, Pereira SA, Serdan TDA, Levada-Pires AC, Hatanaka E, Borges L, Cury-Boaventura MF, Vinolo MAR, Pithon-Curi TC, Masi LN, Curi R, Hirabara SM, Gorjão R. Leukocyte metabolism in obese type 2 diabetic individuals associated with COVID-19 severity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037469. [PMID: 36406408 PMCID: PMC9670542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that the metabolic characteristics of different leukocytes, such as, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages, undergo changes both in the face of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) condition. Thus, the objective of this review is to establish a correlation between the metabolic changes caused in leukocytes in DM2 and obesity that may favor a worse prognosis during SARS-Cov-2 infection. Chronic inflammation and hyperglycemia, specific and usual characteristics of obesity and DM2, contributes for the SARS-CoV-2 replication and metabolic disturbances in different leukocytes, favoring the proinflammatory response of these cells. Thus, obesity and DM2 are important risk factors for pro-inflammatory response and metabolic dysregulation that can favor the occurrence of the cytokine storm, implicated in the severity and high mortality risk of the COVID-19 in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bertola Lobato
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Matheus Gennari-Felipe
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Ilana Souza Correa
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Ferreira Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Belmiro Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João Carlos de Oliveira Borges
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Camila Soares dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Janaína Leite de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Liliane Araújo Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sara Araujo Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leandro Borges
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rui Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Immunobiological Production Section, Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Forsyth CB, Voigt RM, Swanson GR, Bishehsari F, Shaikh M, Zhang L, Engen P, Keshavarzian A. Alcohol use disorder as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 severity: A narrative review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1930-1943. [PMID: 36394508 PMCID: PMC9722573 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Dec. 2019-January 2020, a pneumonia illness originating in Wuhan, China, designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was shown to be caused by a novel RNA coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). People with advanced age, male sex, and/or underlying health conditions (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic lung disease) are especially vulnerable to severe COVID-19 symptoms and death. These risk factors impact the immune system and are also associated with poor health, chronic illness, and shortened longevity. However, a large percent of patients without these known risk factors also develops severe COVID-19 disease that can result in death. Thus, there must exist risk factors that promote exaggerated inflammatory and immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to death. One such risk factor may be alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder because these can exacerbate viral lung infections like SARS, influenza, and pneumonia. Thus, it is highly plausible that alcohol misuse is a risk factor for either increased infection rate when individuals are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or more severe COVID-19 in infected patients. Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for lung diseases and ARDS in SARS patients. We propose that alcohol has three key pathogenic elements in common with other COVID-19 severity risk factors: namely, inflammatory microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and systemic activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also propose that these three elements represent targets for therapy for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Garth R. Swanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phillip Engen
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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20
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Baena Carstens L, Campos D’amico R, Fernandes de Moura K, Morais de Castro E, Centenaro F, Silva Barbosa G, Vieira Cavalcante da Silva G, Brenny I, Honório D’Agostini JC, Hlatchuk EC, Pissette de Lima S, Camargo Martins AP, De Castro Deus M, Konzen Klein C, Kubaski Benevides AP, Nagashima S, Machado-Souza C, Pinho RA, Pellegrino Baena C, de Noronha L. Lung Inflammasome Activation in SARS-CoV-2 Post-Mortem Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113033. [PMID: 36361818 PMCID: PMC9659061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome complex is a key part of chronic diseases and acute infections, being responsible for cytokine release and cell death mechanism regulation. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a dysregulated cytokine release. In this context, the inflammasome complex analysis within SARS-CoV-2 infection may prove beneficial to understand the disease’s mechanisms. Post-mortem minimally invasive autopsies were performed in patients who died from COVID-19 (n = 24), and lung samples were compared to a patient control group (n = 11) and an Influenza A virus H1N1 subtype group from the 2009 pandemics (n = 10). Histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using monoclonal antibodies against targets: ACE2, TLR4, NF-κB, NLRP-3 (or NALP), IL-1β, IL-18, ASC, CASP1, CASP9, GSDMD, NOX4, TNF-α. Data obtained from digital analysis underwent appropriate statistical tests. IHC analysis showed biomarkers that indicate inflammasome activation (ACE2; NF-κB; NOX4; ASC) were significantly increased in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.05 for all) and biomarkers that indicate cell pyroptosis and inflammasome derived cytokines such as IL-18 (p < 0.005) and CASP1 were greatly increased (p < 0.0001) even when compared to the H1N1 group. We propose that the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is connected to the inflammasome complex activation. Further studies are still warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Baena Carstens
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Raissa Campos D’amico
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
- Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Av. Presidente Affonso Camargo, 1399-Cristo Rei, Curitiba 80050-370, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen Fernandes de Moura
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
- Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Av. Presidente Affonso Camargo, 1399-Cristo Rei, Curitiba 80050-370, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Morais de Castro
- Postgraduate in Biotechnology Applied in Health of Children and Adolescent, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), R. Silva Jardim, 1632-Água Verde, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávia Centenaro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Silva Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vieira Cavalcante da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Isadora Brenny
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Honório D’Agostini
- Departmnet of Medical Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua General Carneiro, 181-Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Elisa Carolina Hlatchuk
- Departmnet of Medical Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua General Carneiro, 181-Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Pissette de Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Camargo Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina De Castro Deus
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolline Konzen Klein
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Kubaski Benevides
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (L.d.N.); Tel.: +55-(41)-99942-7191 (S.N.); Tel.: +55-(41)-999994769 (L.d.N.)
| | - Cleber Machado-Souza
- Postgraduate in Biotechnology Applied in Health of Children and Adolescent, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), R. Silva Jardim, 1632-Água Verde, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pellegrino Baena
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
- Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Av. Presidente Affonso Camargo, 1399-Cristo Rei, Curitiba 80050-370, PR, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155-Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (L.d.N.); Tel.: +55-(41)-99942-7191 (S.N.); Tel.: +55-(41)-999994769 (L.d.N.)
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21
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XueFu ZhuYu Decoction Alleviates Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis by Inhibiting IkB-α/NF-κB Pathway in Acute Lung Injury Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6248870. [PMID: 36124015 PMCID: PMC9482486 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6248870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
XueFu ZhuYu Decoction (XFZYD) is an effective prescription that is widely used to improve blood circulation by removing blood stasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of XFZYD on lung pyroptosis in cardiopulmonary bypass- (CPB-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) rats. A rat model of ALI was induced by CPB treatment after XFZYD, Ac-YVAD-CMK, and Bay-11-7082 administration. The respiratory index (RI) and oxygenation index (OI) were determined at each time point. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α in serum and lung were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Moreover, the protein levels, neutrophil counts, and total cell of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. Additionally, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Lung injury was evaluated with the wet/dry (W/D) ratio and pathologic changes, respectively. Besides, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IkB-α/NF-κB pathway proteins was estimated by immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting assays, respectively. XFZYD pretreatment significantly ameliorated pulmonary ventilation function and reduced the CPB-induced lung histopathological injury, inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF and lung, and the apoptosis of lung cells. Interestingly, XFZYD decreased the CPB-induced NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 p20, Pro-GSDMD, GSDMD p30, IL-18, IL-1β p-P65, and p-IKBα mRNA or protein levels in lung tissues in ALI model rats. In summary, these findings suggest that XFZYD effectively mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in CPB-induced ALI model rats, possibly by inhibiting the IkB-α/NF-κB pathway in the lung.
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22
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought severe challenges to global public health. Many studies have shown that obesity plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of COVID-19. Obesity exacerbates COVID-19, leading to increased intensive care unit hospitalization rate, high demand for invasive mechanical ventilation, and high mortality. The mechanisms of interaction between obesity and COVID-19 involve inflammation, immune response, changes in pulmonary dynamics, disruptions of receptor ligands, and dysfunction of endothelial cells. Therefore, for obese patients with COVID-19, the degree of obesity and related comorbidities should be evaluated. Treatment methods such as administration of anticoagulants and anti-inflammatory drugs like glucocorticoids and airway management should be actively initiated. We should also pay attention to long-term prognosis and vaccine immunity and actively address the physical and psychological problems caused by longterm staying-at-home during the pandemic. The present study summarized the research to investigate the role of obesity in the incidence and progression of COVID-19 and the psychosocial impact and treatment options for obese patients with COVID-19, to guide the understanding and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
| | - Jingyi Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
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23
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Schreiber A, Bauzon JS, Batra K, Mohammed S, Lee K, Houshmand N, Pham U, Cosme C, Inciong K, Al-Taweel O, Nasser K, Rana J, Sossou C, Go A, Hawwass D, Diep J, Ahsan CH. Clinical Characteristics and Implications of Bradycardia in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Remdesivir: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin Drug Investig 2022; 42:763-774. [PMID: 35978159 PMCID: PMC9385079 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-022-01187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Remdesivir is an antiviral drug used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a relatively obscure cardiac effect profile. Previous studies have reported bradycardia associated with remdesivir, but few have examined its clinical characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate remdesivir associated bradycardia and its associated clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods This is a single-institution retrospective study that investigated bradycardia in 600 patients who received remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19. A total of 375 patients were included in the study after screening for other known causes of bradycardia (atrioventricular [AV] nodal blockers). All patients were analyzed for episodes of bradycardia from when remdesivir was initiated up to 5 days after completion, a time frame based on the drug’s putative elimination half-life. Univariate and multivariate statistical tests were conducted to analyze the data. Results The mean age of the sample was 56.63 ± 13.23 years. Of patients who met inclusion criteria, 49% were found to have bradycardia within 5 days of remdesivir administration. Compared to the cohort without a documented bradycardic episode, patients with bradycardia were significantly more likely to experience inpatient mortality (22% vs 12%, p = 0.01). The patients with bradycardia were found to have marginally higher serum D-dimer levels (5.2 vs 3.4 µg/mL, p = 0.05) and were more likely to undergo endotracheal intubation (28% vs 14%, p = 0.008). Male sex, hyperlipidemia, and bradycardia within 5 days of completing remdesivir were significant predictors of inpatient mortality. No significant differences in length of stay were found. Conclusions Bradycardia that occurs during or shortly after remdesivir treatment in COVID-19 patients may be associated with an increased rate of in-hospital mortality. However, COVID-19 and its cardiac complications cannot be excluded as potential contributors of bradycardia in the present study. Future studies are needed to further delineate the cardiac characteristics of COVID-19 and remdesivir. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40261-022-01187-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariyon Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), 2040 W. Charleston Blvd., Mail Stop: 3070, Las Vegas, NV, 89102-2244, USA.
| | - Justin S Bauzon
- Department of Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Kavita Batra
- Department of Medical Education & Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Salman Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), 2040 W. Charleston Blvd., Mail Stop: 3070, Las Vegas, NV, 89102-2244, USA
| | - Nazanin Houshmand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), 2040 W. Charleston Blvd., Mail Stop: 3070, Las Vegas, NV, 89102-2244, USA
| | - Uyen Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), 2040 W. Charleston Blvd., Mail Stop: 3070, Las Vegas, NV, 89102-2244, USA
| | - Celica Cosme
- Department of Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Kim Inciong
- Department of Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Omar Al-Taweel
- Department of Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Keaton Nasser
- Department of Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jibran Rana
- Department of Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Chris Sossou
- Department of Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ariel Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), 2040 W. Charleston Blvd., Mail Stop: 3070, Las Vegas, NV, 89102-2244, USA
| | - Dalia Hawwass
- Department of Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jimmy Diep
- Department of Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Chowdhury H Ahsan
- Department of Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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24
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Sun C, Zhao H, Han Y, Wang Y, Sun X. The Role of Inflammasomes in COVID-19: Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:406-420. [PMID: 35984324 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused massive morbidity and mortality worldwide. In severe cases, it is mainly associated with acute pneumonia, cytokine storm, and multi-organ dysfunction. Inflammasomes play a primary role in various pathological processes such as infection, injury, and cancer. However, their role in COVID-19-related complications has not been explored. In addition, the role of underlying medical conditions on COVID-19 disease severity remains unclear. Therefore, this review expounds on the mechanisms of inflammasomes following COVID-19 infection and provides recent evidence on the potential double-edged sword effect of inflammasomes during COVID-19 pathogenesis. The assembly and activation of inflammasomes are critical for inducing effective antiviral immune responses and disease resolution. However, uncontrolled activation of inflammasomes causes excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Therefore, discoveries in the role of the inflammasome in mediating organ injury are key to identifying therapeutic targets and treatment modifications to prevent or reduce COVID-19-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hangyuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunze Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Martínez-Gómez LE, Ibarra-González I, Fernández-Lainez C, Tusie T, Moreno-Macías H, Martinez-Armenta C, Jimenez-Gutierrez GE, Vázquez-Cárdenas P, Vidal-Vázquez P, Ramírez-Hinojosa JP, Rodríguez-Zulueta AP, Vargas-Alarcón G, Rojas-Velasco G, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Posadas-Sanchez R, Martínez-Ruiz FDJ, Zayago-Angeles DM, Moreno ML, Barajas-Galicia E, Lopez-Cisneros G, Gonzalez-Fernández NC, Ortega-Peña S, Herrera-López B, Olea-Torres J, Juárez-Arias M, Rosas-Vásquez M, Cabrera-Nieto SA, Magaña JJ, Camacho-Rea MDC, Suarez-Ahedo C, Coronado-Zarco I, Valdespino-Vázquez MY, Martínez-Nava GA, Pineda C, Vela-Amieva M, López-Reyes A. Metabolic Reprogramming in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impacts the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936106. [PMID: 36341434 PMCID: PMC9634751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers inflammatory clinical stages that affect the outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Disease severity may be associated with a metabolic imbalance related to amino acids, lipids, and energy-generating pathways. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of amino acids and acylcarnitines in COVID-19 patients. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 453 individuals were classified by disease severity. Levels of 11 amino acids, 31 acylcarnitines, and succinylacetone in serum samples were analyzed by electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Different clusters were observed in partial least squares discriminant analysis, with phenylalanine, alanine, citrulline, proline, and succinylacetone providing the major contribution to the variability in each cluster (variable importance in the projection >1.5). In logistic models adjusted by age, sex, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and nutritional status, phenylalanine was associated with critical outcomes (odds ratio=5.3 (95% CI 3.16-9.2) in the severe vs. critical model, with an area under the curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.77-0.90). In conclusion the metabolic imbalance in COVID-19 patients might affect disease progression. This work shows an association of phenylalanine with critical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, highlighting phenylalanine as a potential metabolic biomarker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Ibarra-González
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Teresa Tusie
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hortensia Moreno-Macías
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Economía. División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martinez-Armenta
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Dirección de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Elizabeth Jimenez-Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paola Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Subdirección de Epidemiología e Infectología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Vidal-Vázquez
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Subdirección de Epidemiología e Infectología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan P. Ramírez-Hinojosa
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Subdirección de Epidemiología e Infectología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana P. Rodríguez-Zulueta
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Subdirección de Epidemiología e Infectología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular, Inmunología, Endocrinologia y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Rojas-Velasco
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular, Inmunología, Endocrinologia y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular, Inmunología, Endocrinologia y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sanchez
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular, Inmunología, Endocrinologia y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Felipe de J. Martínez-Ruiz
- Nuevo Hospital General Delegación Regional Sur de la Ciudad de México, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dulce M. Zayago-Angeles
- Nuevo Hospital General Delegación Regional Sur de la Ciudad de México, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mariana L. Moreno
- Nuevo Hospital General Delegación Regional Sur de la Ciudad de México, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edith Barajas-Galicia
- Hospital Central Norte Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), Estado de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Lopez-Cisneros
- Hospital Central Norte Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), Estado de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Silvestre Ortega-Peña
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Brígida Herrera-López
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jessel Olea-Torres
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel Juárez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico (IT) Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Maritza Rosas-Vásquez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico (IT) Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sara Aileen Cabrera-Nieto
- Posgrado en Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María del Carmen Camacho-Rea
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Suarez-Ahedo
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Irma Coronado-Zarco
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pineda
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Laboratorio Facilitador, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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26
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Palma G, Sorice GP, Genchi VA, Giordano F, Caccioppoli C, D’Oria R, Marrano N, Biondi G, Giorgino F, Perrini S. Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Pulmonary Dysfunction in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137349. [PMID: 35806353 PMCID: PMC9267094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease caused by an excess of adipose tissue that may impair health by altering the functionality of various organs, including the lungs. Excessive deposition of fat in the abdominal area can lead to abnormal positioning of the diaphragm and consequent reduction in lung volume, leading to a heightened demand for ventilation and increased exposure to respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and obstructive sleep apnoea. In addition to mechanical ventilatory constraints, excess fat and ectopic deposition in visceral depots can lead to adipose tissue dysfunction, which promotes metabolic disorders. An altered adipokine-secretion profile from dysfunctional adipose tissue in morbid obesity fosters systemic, low-grade inflammation, impairing pulmonary immune response and promoting airway hyperresponsiveness. A potential target of these adipokines could be the NLRP3 inflammasome, a critical component of the innate immune system, the harmful pro-inflammatory effect of which affects both adipose and lung tissue in obesity. In this review, we will investigate the crosstalk between adipose tissue and the lung in obesity, highlighting the main inflammatory mediators and novel therapeutic targets in preventing pulmonary dysfunction.
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27
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Alfaro E, Díaz-García E, García-Tovar S, Zamarrón E, Mangas A, Galera R, Nanwani-Nanwani K, Pérez-de-Diego R, López-Collazo E, García-Río F, Cubillos-Zapata C. Impaired Kallikrein-Kinin System in COVID-19 Patients' Severity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909342. [PMID: 35812405 PMCID: PMC9258198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has emerged as a devastating disease in the last 2 years. Many authors appointed to the importance of kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in COVID-19 pathophysiology as it is involved in inflammation, vascular homeostasis, and coagulation. We aim to study the bradykinin cascade and its involvement in severity of patients with COVID-19. This is an observational cohort study involving 63 consecutive patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and 27 healthy subjects as control group. Clinical laboratory findings and plasma protein concentration of KKS peptides [bradykinin (BK), BK1-8], KKS proteins [high–molecular weight kininogen (HK)], and KKS enzymes [carboxypeptidase N subunit 1 (CPN1), kallikrein B1 (KLKB1), angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH)] were analyzed. We detected dysregulated KKS in patients with COVID-19, characterized by an accumulation of BK1-8 in combination with decreased levels of BK. Accumulated BK1-8 was related to severity of patients with COVID-19. A multivariate logistic regression model retained BK1-8, BK, and D-dimer as independent predictor factors to intensive care unit (ICU) admission. A Youden’s optimal cutoff value of −0.352 was found for the multivariate model score with an accuracy of 92.9%. Multivariate model score-high group presented an odds ratio for ICU admission of 260.0. BK1-8 was related to inflammation, coagulation, and lymphopenia. Our data suggest that BK1-8/BK plasma concentration in combination with D-dimer levels might be retained as independent predictors for ICU admission in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, we reported KKS dysregulation in patients with COVID-19, which was related to disease severity by means of inflammation, hypercoagulation, and lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Alfaro
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz-García
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara García-Tovar
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Zamarrón
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Mangas
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Galera
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca Pérez-de-Diego
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Human Diseases, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Interdepartmental Group of Immunodeficiencies, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco García-Río
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco García-Río, ; Carolina Cubillos-Zapata,
| | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco García-Río, ; Carolina Cubillos-Zapata,
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28
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Liu C, Yan W, Shi J, Wang S, Peng A, Chen Y, Huang K. Biological Actions, Implications, and Cautions of Statins Therapy in COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:927092. [PMID: 35811982 PMCID: PMC9257176 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.927092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed worse prognosis and higher mortality in individuals with obesity. Dyslipidemia is a major link between obesity and COVID-19 severity. Statins as the most common lipid regulating drugs have shown favorable effects in various pathophysiological states. Importantly, accumulating observational studies have suggested that statin use is associated with reduced risk of progressing to severe illness and in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. Possible explanations underlie these protective impacts include their abilities of reducing cholesterol, suppressing viral entry and replication, anti-inflammation and immunomodulatory effects, as well as anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative properties. Despite these benefits, statin therapies have side effects that should be considered, such as elevated creatinine kinase, liver enzyme and serum glucose levels, which are already elevated in severe COVID-19. Concerns are also raised whether statins interfere with the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Randomized controlled trials are being conducted worldwide to confirm the values of statin use for COVID-19 treatment. Generally, the results suggest no necessity to discontinue statin use, and no evidence suggesting interference between statins and COVID-19 vaccines. However, concomitant administration of statins and COVID-19 antiviral drug Paxlovid may increase statin exposure and the risk of adverse effects, because most statins are metabolized mainly through CYP3A4 which is potently inhibited by ritonavir, a major component of Paxlovid. Therefore, more clinical/preclinical studies are still warranted to understand the benefits, harms and mechanisms of statin use in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanyao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajian Shi
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anlin Peng
- Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Declercq J, De Leeuw E, Lambrecht BN. Inflammasomes and IL-1 family cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection: From prognostic marker to therapeutic agent. Cytokine 2022; 157:155934. [PMID: 35709568 PMCID: PMC9170572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Yen YA, Wang CC, Sung WW, Fang KC, Huang SM, Lin CC, Tsai MC, Yang TW. Intragastric injection of botulinum toxin A for weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:983-992. [PMID: 35383416 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intragastric botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection is a potential treatment for weight reduction in obese patients. Current studies yielded conflicting results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy of intragastric BTA injection for weight management. METHODS We searched several databases to identify RCTs evaluating intragastric BTA injections for obesity. We applied random-effects models for all meta-analyses due to heterogeneity in the included studies. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes. RESULTS A total of 6 RCTs including 192 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were included for the meta-analysis. Although the pooled data from six studies showed no difference in the absolute weight loss between intragastric BTA injection and control, subgroup analysis showed a significantly decreased absolute weight after a BTA injection dose ≥ 200 U (MD, -2.04 kg; 95% CI, -3.96 to -0.12) and after multiple injection regions in the stomach combined with diet control (MD, -4.44 kg; 95% CI, -6.54 to -2.33 kg) compared with the control. Regarding absolute weight loss, the impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided injection and follow-up duration showed no difference. Intragastric BTA injection had a significant change in body mass index (MD, -1.25 kg/m2 ; 95% CI, -2.18 to -0.32 kg/m2 ) and prolonged gastric half-emptying time (MD, 11.37 min; 95% CI, -3.69 to 19.06 min). CONCLUSION Intragastric BTA injection is effective for obesity treatment, and adequate doses (≥ 200 U), multiple gastric injection regions, and combined diet control are crucial. However, given the small sample size and limited power, caution should be exercised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Yen
- School of Medicine and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wang
- School of Medicine and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chieh Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- School of Medicine and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Yang
- School of Medicine and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Weight Management Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Wang Y, Wu M, Li Y, Yuen HH, He ML. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on modulating innate immunity and strategies of combating inflammatory response for COVID-19 therapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:27. [PMID: 35505345 PMCID: PMC9063252 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has caused huge causality and unquantifiable loss of social wealth. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, strong inflammatory response associated with dysregulation of innate immunity causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and death. In this review, we update the current knowledge on how SARS-CoV-2 modulates the host innate immune response for its evasion from host defense and its corresponding pathogenesis caused by cytokine storm. We emphasize Type I interferon response and the strategies of evading innate immune defense used by SARS-CoV-2. We also extensively discuss the cells and their function involved in the innate immune response and inflammatory response, as well as the promises and challenges of drugs targeting excessive inflammation for antiviral treatment. This review would help us to figure out the current challenge questions of SARS-CoV-2 infection on innate immunity and directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Him Yuen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.
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32
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Gallo CG, Fiorino S, Posabella G, Antonacci D, Tropeano A, Pausini E, Pausini C, Guarniero T, Hong W, Giampieri E, Corazza I, Loiacono R, Loggi E, de Biase D, Zippi M, Lari F, Zancanaro M. The function of specialized pro-resolving endogenous lipid mediators, vitamins, and other micronutrients in the control of the inflammatory processes: Possible role in patients with SARS-CoV-2 related infection. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 159:106619. [PMID: 35032665 PMCID: PMC8752446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential protective response against harmful stimuli, such as invading pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Physiological inflammation eliminates pathogens and promotes tissue repair and healing. Effective immune response in humans depends on a tightly regulated balance among inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms involving both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Excessive inflammation can become pathological and induce detrimental effects. If this process is not self-limited, an inappropriate remodeling of the tissues and organs can occur and lead to the onset of chronic degenerative diseases. A wide spectrum of infectious and non-infectious agents may activate the inflammation, via the release of mediators and cytokines by distinct subtypes of lymphocytes and macrophages. Several molecular mechanisms regulate the onset, progression, and resolution of inflammation. All these steps, even the termination of this process, are active and not passive events. In particular, a complex interplay exists between mediators (belonging to the group of Eicosanoids), which induce the beginning of inflammation, such as Prostaglandins (PGE2), Leukotrienes (LT), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and molecules which display a key role in counteracting this process and in promoting its proper resolution. The latter group of mediators includes: ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA)-derived metabolites, such as Lipoxins (LXs), ω -3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived mediators, such as E-series Resolvins (RvEs), and ω -3 docosahexaenoic (DHA)-derived mediators, such as D-series Resolvins (RvDs), Protectins (PDs) and Maresins (MaRs). Overall, these mediators are defined as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Reduced synthesis of these molecules may lead to uncontrolled inflammation with possible harmful effects. ω-3 fatty acids are widely used in clinical practice as rather inexpensive, safe, readily available supplemental therapy. Taking advantage of this evidence, several researchers are suggesting that SPMs may have beneficial effects in the complementary treatment of patients with severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 related infection, to counteract the "cytokine storm" observed in these individuals. Well-designed and sized trials in patients suffering from COVID-19 with different degrees of severity are needed to investigate the real impact in the clinical practice of this promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio G Gallo
- Emilian Physiolaser Therapy Center, Castel S. Pietro Terme, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Donato Antonacci
- Medical Science Department, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Loiacono
- Internal Medicine Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Loggi
- Hepatology Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Lari
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
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Maes M, Tedesco Junior WLD, Lozovoy MAB, Mori MTE, Danelli T, Almeida ERDD, Tejo AM, Tano ZN, Reiche EMV, Simão ANC. In COVID-19, NLRP3 inflammasome genetic variants are associated with critical disease and these effects are partly mediated by the sickness symptom complex: a nomothetic network approach. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1945-1955. [PMID: 35022530 PMCID: PMC8752583 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Acute infections are accompanied by a sickness symptom complex (SSC) which is highly conserved and protects against infections and hyperinflammation. The aim of this study is to delineate the associations of COVID-19, SSC and NLPR3 rs10157379 T > C and NLPR3 rs10754558 C > G variants; and the protective role of SSC in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We recruited COVID-19 patients, 308 with critical, 63 with moderate and 157 with mild disease. Increased SSC protects against SARS, critical disease, and death due to COVID-19. Increasing age, male sex and rs10754558 CG significantly reduce SSC protection. The rs10157379 CT and rs10754558 GG genotypes are positively associated with SARS. Partial Least Squares analysis shows that a) 41.8% of the variance in critical COVID-19 symptoms is explained by SSC and oxygen saturation (inversely associated), inflammation, chest computed tomography abnormalities, increased body mass index, SARS and age (positively associated); and b) the effects of the NLRP3 rs10157379 and rs10754558 variants on critical COVID-19 are mediated via SSC (protective) and SARS (detrimental). SSC includes anosmia and dysgeusia, and maybe gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, intersections among the rs10754558 variant, age, and sex increase risk towards critical COVID-19 by attenuating SSC. NLRP3 variants play an important role in SARS, and severe and critical COVID-19 especially in elderly male individuals with reduced SSC and with increased BMI, hypertension, and diabetes type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Danelli
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Elaine Regina Delicato de Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Pu Z, Shen C, Zhang W, Xie H, Wang W. Avenanthramide C from Oats Protects Pyroptosis through Dependent ROS-Induced Mitochondrial Damage by PI3K Ubiquitination and Phosphorylation in Pediatric Pneumonia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2339-2353. [PMID: 35119859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oat containing rich β-glucan, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and other substances shows good biological activities. Therefore, the present study aimed to uncover the possible mechanism and therapeutic effect of Avenanthramide C in lessening inflammatory responses in pediatric pneumonia. Pediatric pneumonia was induced by liposaccharide (LPS) for vivo model and vitro model. Macrophage was performed to determine the mechanism and effects of Avenanthramide C in pediatric pneumonia. NLRP3 activity participated in the effects of Avenanthramide C in pediatric pneumonia. Avenanthramide C induced p-PI3K and p-Akt expressions and reduced ubiquitination of PI3K expression in pediatric pneumonia. On the other hand, Avenanthramide C integrated serine at 821 sites of the PI3K protein function. Avenanthramide C reduced ROS (reactive oxygen species)-induced mitochondrial damage by PI3K/AKT function in a model of pediatric pneumonia. Avenanthramide C protects pyroptosis in a model of pediatric pneumonia by PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/ROS signaling. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Avenanthramide C protects pyroptosis through dependent ROS-induced mitochondrial damage by PI3K ubiquitination and phosphorylation in a model of pediatric pneumonia, suggesting its potential use for the treatment of pediatric pneumonia and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Pu
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chaozhuang Shen
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second affiliated hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Haitang Xie
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Wusan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
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Amin S, Aktar S, Rahman MM, Chowdhury MMH. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in COVID-19: an interlink between risk factors and disease severity. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104913. [PMID: 34838941 PMCID: PMC8613976 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical immune component that plays a crucial role in mounting innate immune responses. The deleterious effects of inflammasome activation have been correlated with the COVID-19 disease severity. In the presence of several underlying disorders, the immune components of our bodies are dysregulated, creating conditions that could adversely affect us other than providing a required level of protection. In this review, we focused on the occurrence of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to SARS-COV-2 infection, dysregulation of NLRP3 activation events in the presence of several comorbidities, the contribution of activated NLRP3 inflammasome to the severity of COVID-19, and available therapeutics for the treatment of such NLRP3 inflammasome related diseases based on current knowledge. The primed state of immunity in individuals with comorbidities (risk factors) could accelerate many deaths and severe COVID-19 cases via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of downstream inflammatory molecules. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the host-pathogen interaction is needed to clarify the pathophysiology and select a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Amin
- Chittagong Medical University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Aktar
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
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Kow CS, Lee L, Ramachandram DS, Hasan SS, Ming LC, Goh HP. The effect of colchicine on mortality outcome and duration of hospital stay in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:255-264. [PMID: 34970856 PMCID: PMC8767506 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overactivation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can lead to severe illness in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The NLRP3 inhibitor, colchicine, therefore, appears to be promising for the treatment of COVID-19. AIMS We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of randomized trials investigating the effect of colchicine in patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS & METHODS We systematically searched electronic databases and clinical trial registries (up to October 17, 2021) for eligible studies. The outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality and duration of hospital stay. Meta-analysis with the random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) of mortality and 95% confidence interval (CI). The pooled standardized mean difference of duration of hospital stay with 95% CI between colchicine users and non-colchicine users was estimated using Cohen's d index. RESULTS The meta-analyses revealed no significant difference in the odds of mortality (pooled OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.53-1.07), but a significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay with the use of colchicine (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.59; 95% CI: -1.06 to -0.13). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The ability of colchicine to reduce the length of stay in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is consistent with its potential to prevent clinical deterioration via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Nevertheless, such beneficial effects of colchicine did not translate into mortality benefits in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Siang Kow
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyMonash University MalaysiaSubang JayaSelangorMalaysia
| | - Learn‐Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSubang JayaSelangorMalaysia
| | | | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health SciencesUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health SciencesUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam
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Alkattan W, Yaqinuddin A, Shafqat A, Kashir J. NET-Mediated Pathogenesis of COVID-19: The Role of NETs in Hepatic Manifestations. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSome coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients exhibit multi-organ failure, which often includes the liver. Indeed, liver disease appears to be an emerging feature of COVID-19 infections. However, the exact mechanism behind this remains unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have increasingly been attributed as major contributors to various liver pathologies, including sepsis, ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and portal hypertension in the setting of chronic liver disease. Although vital in normal immunity, excessive NET formation can drive inflammation, particularly of the endothelium. Collectively, we propose that NETs observed to be elevated in severe COVID-19 infection play principal roles in liver injury in addition to acute lung injury. Herein, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying COVID-induced liver injury including cytopathic effects from direct liver infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and hypoxic injury, encompassing I/R injury and coagulopathy. Further research is required to further elucidate the role of NETs in COVID. This holds potential therapeutic significance, as inhibition of NETosis could alleviate the symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome and liver injury, as well as other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Junaid Kashir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Barbu E, Popescu MR, Popescu AC, Balanescu SM. Inflammation as A Precursor of Atherothrombosis, Diabetes and Early Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:963. [PMID: 35055149 PMCID: PMC8778078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease was for a long time considered a disease of the old age, but it is becoming increasingly clear that a cumulus of factors can cause early vascular aging (EVA). Inflammation plays a key role in vascular stiffening and also in other pathologies that induce vascular damage. There is a known and confirmed connection between inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, it has taken a long time to prove the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on cardiovascular events. Diabetes can be both a product of inflammation and a cofactor implicated in the progression of vascular disease. When diabetes and inflammation are accompanied by obesity, this ominous trifecta leads to an increased incidence of atherothrombotic events. Research into earlier stages of vascular disease, and documentation of vulnerability to premature vascular disease, might be the key to success in preventing clinical events. Modulation of inflammation, combined with strict control of classical cardiovascular risk factors, seems to be the winning recipe. Identification of population subsets with a successful vascular aging (supernormal vascular aging-SUPERNOVA) pattern could also bring forth novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihaela-Roxana Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (E.B.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Andreea-Catarina Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (E.B.); (S.-M.B.)
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Potential Therapeutic Use of the Rosemary Diterpene Carnosic Acid for Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Long-COVID through NRF2 Activation to Counteract the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010124. [PMID: 35052628 PMCID: PMC8772720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis [family Lamiaceae]), an herb of economic and gustatory repute, is employed in traditional medicines in many countries. Rosemary contains carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS), abietane-type phenolic diterpenes, which account for most of its biological and pharmacological actions, although claims have also been made for contributions of another constituent, rosmarinic acid. This review focuses on the potential applications of CA and CS for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in part via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. CA exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects via phase 2 enzyme induction initiated by activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 transcriptional pathway, which in turn attenuates NLRP3 activation. In addition, we propose that CA-related compounds may serve as therapeutics against the brain-related after-effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, termed "long-COVID." One factor that contributes to COVID-19 is cytokine storm emanating from macrophages as a result of unregulated inflammation in and around lung epithelial and endovascular cells. Additionally, neurological aftereffects such as anxiety and "brain fog" are becoming a major issue for both the pandemic and post-pandemic period. Many reports hold that unregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation may potentially contribute to the severity of COVID-19 and its aftermath. It is therefore possible that suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activity may prove efficacious against both acute lung disease and chronic neurological after-effects. Because CA has been shown to not only act systemically but also to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain parenchyma to exert neuroprotective effects, we discuss the evidence that CA or rosemary extracts containing CA may represent an effective countermeasure against both acute and chronic pathological events initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as other chronic neurodegenerative diseases including AD and PD.
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Keller K, Sagoschen I, Schmitt VH, Sivanathan V, Espinola-Klein C, Lavie CJ, Münzel T, Hobohm L. Obesity and Its Impact on Adverse In-Hospital Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876028. [PMID: 35586628 PMCID: PMC9108252 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing level of evidence suggests that obesity not only is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but also has adverse outcomes during COVID-19 infection. METHODS We used the German nationwide inpatient sample to analyze all hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis in Germany from January to December 2020 and stratified them for diagnosed obesity. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 according to the WHO. The impact of obesity on in-hospital case fatality and adverse in-hospital events comprising major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and others was analyzed. RESULTS We analyzed data of 176,137 hospitalizations of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection; among them, 9,383 (5.3%) had an additional obesity diagnosis. Although COVID-19 patients without obesity were older (72.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 56.0/82.0] vs. 66.0 [54.0/76.0] years, p < 0.001), the CVD profile was less favorable in obese COVID-19 patients (Charlson comorbidity index 4.44 ± 3.01 vs. 4.08 ± 2.92, p < 0.001). Obesity was independently associated with increased in-hospital case fatality (OR 1.203 [95% CI 1.131-1.279], p < 0.001) and MACCE (OR 1.168 [95% CI 1.101-1.239], p < 0.001), ARDS (OR 2.605 [95% CI 2.449-2.772], p < 0.001), and VTE (OR 1.780 [95% CI 1.605-1.973], p < 0.001) and also associated with increased necessity of treatment on intensive care unit (OR 2.201 [95% CI 2.097-2.310], p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR 2.277 [95% CI 2.140-2.422], p < 0.001), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR 3.485 [95% CI 3.023-4.017], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Obesity independently affected case fatality, MACCE, ARDS development, VTE, and other adverse in-hospital events in patients with COVID-19 infection. Obesity should be taken into account regarding COVID-19 prevention strategies, risk stratification, and adequate healthcare planning. Maintaining a healthy weight is important not only to prevent cardiometabolic diseases but also for better individual outcomes during COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Keller
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karsten Keller,
| | - Ingo Sagoschen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker H. Schmitt
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Visvakanth Sivanathan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Espinola-Klein
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, John Ochsner Heart & Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Hobohm
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Zafar-Mohammadi K, Poursamimi J, Atabaki M. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitory drugs in connection with COVID-19 infection. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [PMCID: PMC9515760 DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221130984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family that cause the
inflammatory condition, acute pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS). ARDS is the most important reason of mortality in patients,
characterized as a highly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine
secretion. Inflammasome is a complex, which has an essential role in
inflammatory situation, and NOD, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
(NLRP3) is the most studied inflammasome that is considered to play vital roles
in the virus infection and its pathogenesis. Our search language was limited to
English and the search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed and Embase. Based
on published articles, our current narrative review first explains the structure
of the SARS-Cov2 virus and then describes the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome
in relation to COVID-19 and drugs effective in controlling it. The NLRP3
inflammasome activation related to the initiation of inflammatory cascade
including important cytokines production and releases such as IL-6, TNF-α and
IL-1β. Thus, targeting the NLRP3 as a member of the innate immune system may be
helpful for the reduction of ARDS clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Poursamimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Atabaki
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Pandemics of the 21st Century: The Risk Factor for Obese People. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010025. [PMID: 35062229 PMCID: PMC8779521 DOI: 10.3390/v14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of obese adults and children is increasing worldwide, with obesity now being a global epidemic. Around 2.8 million people die annually from clinical overweight or obesity. Obesity is associated with numerous comorbid conditions including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer, and even the development of severe disease after infection with viruses. Over the past twenty years, a number of new viruses has emerged and entered the human population. Moreover, influenza (H1N1)pdm09 virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused pandemics. During pandemics, the number of obese patients presents challenging and complex issues in medical and surgical intensive care units. Morbidity amongst obese individuals is directly proportional to body mass index. In this review, we describe the impact of obesity on the immune system, adult mortality, and immune response after infection with pandemic influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we address the effect of obesity on vaccination.
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Batiha GES, Gari A, Elshony N, Shaheen HM, Abubakar MB, Adeyemi SB, Al-kuraishy HM. Hypertension and its management in COVID-19 patients: The assorted view. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2021; 11:200121. [PMID: 34806090 PMCID: PMC8590508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2021.200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to mainly be more deleterious in patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is a strong association between hypertension and COVID-19 severity. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) leads to deregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through down-regulation of ACE2 with subsequent increment of the harmful Ang II serum levels and reduction of the protective Ang-(1-7). Both angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are commonly used to manage hypertension. OBJECTIVE Objective was to illustrate the potential link between hypertension and COVID-19 regarding the role of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in hypertensive patients with COVID-19. METHODS We carried out comprehensive databases search from late December 2019 to early January 2021 by using online engines of Web of Science, Research gate, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed for published and preprinted articles. RESULTS The present study's findings showed that hypertension is regarded as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity. Both ACEIs and ARBs are beneficial in managing hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION This study concluded that hypertension increases COVID-19 severity due to underlying endothelial dysfunctions and coagulopathy. COVID-19 might augment the hypertensive complications due to down-regulation of ACE2. The use of ACEIs or ARBs might be beneficial in the management of hypertensive patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahim Gari
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Dept, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norhan Elshony
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2254, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2254, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Sherif Babatunde Adeyemi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- CG Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Surat, 394350, Gujarat, India
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Kamyshnyi O, Matskevych V, Lenchuk T, Strilbytska O, Storey K, Lushchak O. Metformin to decrease COVID-19 severity and mortality: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112230. [PMID: 34628168 PMCID: PMC8492612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a serious challenge for medicine and science. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms associated with the clinical manifestations and severity of COVID-19 has identified several key points of immune dysregulation observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection. For diabetic patients, factors including higher binding affinity and virus penetration, decreased virus clearance and decreased T cell function, increased susceptibility to hyperinflammation, and cytokine storm may make these patients susceptible to a more severe course of COVID-19 disease. Metabolic changes induced by diabetes, especially hyperglycemia, can directly affect the immunometabolism of lymphocytes in part by affecting the activity of the mTOR protein kinase signaling pathway. High mTOR activity can enhance the progression of diabetes due to the activation of effector proinflammatory subpopulations of lymphocytes and, conversely, low activity promotes the differentiation of T-regulatory cells. Interestingly, metformin, an extensively used antidiabetic drug, inhibits mTOR by affecting the activity of AMPK. Therefore, activation of AMPK and/or inhibition of the mTOR-mediated signaling pathway may be an important new target for drug therapy in COVID-19 cases mostly by reducing the level of pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine storm. These suggestions have been partially confirmed by several retrospective analyzes of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Victoriya Matskevych
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Medicine, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Lenchuk
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Medicine, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine; Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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Brain D, Plant-Hately A, Heaton B, Arshad U, David C, Hedrich C, Owen A, Liptrott NJ. Drug delivery systems as immunomodulators for therapy of infectious disease: Relevance to COVID-19. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113848. [PMID: 34182016 PMCID: PMC8233062 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, and the ensuing global pandemic, has resulted in an unprecedented response to identify therapies that can limit uncontrolled inflammation observed in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The immune pathology behind COVID-19 is complex and involves the activation and interaction of multiple systems including, but not limited to, complement, inflammasomes, endothelial as well as innate and adaptive immune cells to bring about a convoluted profile of inflammation, coagulation and tissue damage. To date, therapeutic approaches have focussed on inhibition of coagulation, untargeted immune suppression and/or cytokine-directed blocking agents. Regardless of recently achieved improvements in individual patient outcomes and survival rates, improved and focussed approaches targeting individual systems involved is needed to further improve prognosis and wellbeing. This review summarizes the current understanding of molecular and cellular systems involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and their contribution to pathogen clearance and damage to then discuss possible therapeutic options involving immunomodulatory drug delivery systems as well as summarising the complex interplay between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Brain
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alex Plant-Hately
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bethany Heaton
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Usman Arshad
- Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher David
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christian Hedrich
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neill J Liptrott
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Marcuzzi A, Melloni E, Zauli G, Romani A, Secchiero P, Maximova N, Rimondi E. Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms-Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11241. [PMID: 34681901 PMCID: PMC8541037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune responses have a well-known link and represent the distinctive origins of several diseases, many of which may be the consequence of the loss of balance between these two responses. Indeed, autoinflammation and autoimmunity represent the two extremes of a continuous spectrum of pathologic conditions with numerous overlaps in different pathologies. A common characteristic of these dysregulations is represented by hyperinflammation, which is an exaggerated response of the immune system, especially involving white blood cells, macrophages, and inflammasome activation with the hyperproduction of cytokines in response to various triggering stimuli. Moreover, hyperinflammation is of great interest, as it is one of the main manifestations of COVID-19 infection, and the cytokine storm and its most important components are the targets of the pharmacological treatments used to combat COVID-19 damage. In this context, the purpose of our review is to provide a focus on the pathogenesis of autoinflammation and, in particular, of hyperinflammation in order to generate insights for the identification of new therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.M.); (G.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- LTTA Centre, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.M.); (G.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Arianna Romani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.M.); (G.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Paola Secchiero
- LTTA Centre, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Natalia Maximova
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Erika Rimondi
- LTTA Centre, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (E.R.)
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652252. [PMID: 34630377 PMCID: PMC8494786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host's immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host's innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
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Song N, Li X, Cui Y, Zhang T, Xu S, Li S. Hydrogen sulfide exposure induces pyroptosis in the trachea of broilers via the regulatory effect of circRNA-17828/miR-6631-5p/DUSP6 crosstalk on ROS production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126172. [PMID: 34098264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an air pollutant to cause tracheal injury. Pyroptosis is responsible for tissue injury through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) chelate microRNAs and reduce their inhibitory effect on other transcripts, thus affecting ROS levels and pyroptosis. However, it is not clear how H2S regulates pyroptosis via the ceRNA axis. Therefore, we established a broilers model of H2S exposure for 42 days to assess pyroptosis and obtain a ceRNA network by immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing. We detected pyroptosis induced by H2S and verified circRNA-IGLL1-17828/miR-6631-5p/DUSP6 axis by a double luciferase reporter assay. We also measured ROS levels and the expression of pyroptotic indicators such as (Caspase1) Casp-1, Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin 1β (IL-18). miR-6631-5p knockdown decreased pyroptotic indicators induced by H2S. Overexpression of miR-6631-5p or DUSP6 knockdown stimulated ROS generation and upregulated pyroptotic indicators. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) decreased pyroptotic indicators and ROS levels both induced by miR-6631-5p. Moreover, circRNA-IGLL1-17828, participated in intermolecular competition as a ceRNA of DUSP6. In conclusion, circRNA-IGLL1-17828/miR-6631-5p/DUSP6 crosstalk regulated H2S-induced pyroptosis in broilers trachea via ROS generation. This is the first study to reveal regulation mechanism of circRNA-related CeRNAs on pyroptosis induced by H2S, providing important reference for environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Iglesias JI, Vassallo AV, Sullivan JB, Elbaga Y, Patel VV, Patel N, Ayad L, Benson P, Pittiglio M, Gobran E, Clark A, Khan W, Damalas K, Mohan R, Singh SP. Retrospective analysis of anti-inflammatory therapies during the first wave of COVID-19 at a community hospital. World J Crit Care Med 2021; 10:244-259. [PMID: 34616660 PMCID: PMC8462025 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i5.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has evolved since the first reported cases in December 2019, and a greater emphasis has been placed on the hyper-inflammatory response in severely ill patients. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for mortality and the impact of anti-inflammatory therapies on survival.
AIM To determine the impact of various therapies on outcomes in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with a focus on anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating agents.
METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 261 patients admitted or transferred to the intensive care unit in two community hospitals between March 12, 2020 and June 17, 2020. Totally 167 patients received glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Seventy-three patients received GC alone, 94 received GC and tocilizumab, 28 received tocilizumab monotherapy, and 66 received no anti-inflammatory therapy.
RESULTS Patient survival was associated with GC use, either alone or with tocilizumab, and decreased vasopressor requirements. Delayed administration of GC was found to decrease the survival benefit of GC therapy. No difference in survival was found with varying anticoagulant doses, convalescent plasma, tocilizumab monotherapy; prone ventilation, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, or intravenous ascorbic acid use.
CONCLUSION This analysis demonstrated the survival benefit associated with anti-inflammatory therapy of GC, with or without tocilizumab, with the combination providing the most benefit. More studies are needed to assess the optimal timing of anti-inflammatory therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I Iglesias
- Department of Critical Care, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
- Department of Nephrology, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
- Department of Nephrology, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall, Neptune, NJ 07753, United States
| | - Andrew V Vassallo
- Department of Pharmacy, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Jesse B Sullivan
- Fairleigh Dickinson University School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, NJ 07932, United States
| | - Yasmine Elbaga
- Department of Pharmancy, Monmouth Medical Center Southern Campus, Lakewood, NJ 08701, United States
| | - Vishal V Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Nikunjkumar Patel
- Department of Medicine, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Lydia Ayad
- Department of Medicine, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Payam Benson
- Department of Medicine, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Marina Pittiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Emad Gobran
- Department of Medicine, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Alexander Clark
- Department of Pharmancy, Monmouth Medical Center Southern Campus, Lakewood, NJ 08701, United States
| | - Wajahat Khan
- Department of Critical Care, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Kaliope Damalas
- Department of Pharmacy, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08757, United States
| | - Rajesh Mohan
- Department of Cardiology, Monmouth Medical Center Southern Campus, Lakewood, NJ 08701, United States
| | - Satyendra P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center Southern Campus, Lakewood, NJ 08701, United States
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Dejani NN, Elshabrawy HA, Bezerra Filho CDSM, de Sousa DP. Anticoronavirus and Immunomodulatory Phenolic Compounds: Opportunities and Pharmacotherapeutic Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081254. [PMID: 34439920 PMCID: PMC8394099 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2019, COVID-19 emerged as a severe respiratory disease that is caused by the novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease has been associated with high mortality rate, especially in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney diseases. This could be attributed to dysregulated immune responses and severe systemic inflammation in COVID-19 patients. The use of effective antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and modulation of the immune responses could be a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Studies have shown that natural phenolic compounds have several pharmacological properties, including anticoronavirus and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, this review discusses the dual action of these natural products from the perspective of applicability at COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Naiana Dejani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil;
| | - Hatem A. Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA;
| | - Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-3216-7347
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