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Lim SA, Ho N, Chen S, Chung EJ. Natural Killer Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anti‐Viral Nanomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304186. [PMID: 38676697 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In viral infections, natural killer (NK) cells exhibit anti-viral activity by inducing apoptosis in infected host cells and impeding viral replication through heightened cytokine release. Extracellular vesicles derived from NK cells (NK-EVs) also contain the membrane composition, homing capabilities, and cargo that enable anti-viral activity. These characteristics, and their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, give NK-EVs the potential to be a viable therapeutic platform. This study characterizes the size, EV-specific protein expression, cell internalization, biocompatibility, and anti-viral miRNA cargo to evaluate the anti-viral properties of NK-EVs. After 48 h of NK-EV incubation in inflamed A549 lung epithelial cells, or conditions that mimic lung viral infections such as during COVID-19, cells treated with NK-EVs exhibit upregulated anti-viral miRNA cargo (miR-27a, miR-27b, miR-369-3p, miR-491-5p) compared to the non-treated controls and cells treated with control EVs derived from lung epithelial cells. Additionally, NK-EVs effectively reduce expression of viral RNA and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-8) levels in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 kidney epithelial cells and in infected mice without causing tissue damage while significantly decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine compared to non-treated controls. Herein, this work elucidates the potential of NK-EVs as safe, anti-viral nanomaterials, offering a promising alternative to conventional NK cell and anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung A Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nathan Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sophia Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, 1002 Childs Way, MCB 377, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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Rutkowska-Zapała M, Grabowska A, Lenart M, Kluczewska A, Szaflarska A, Kobylarz K, Pituch-Noworolska A, Siedlar M. Transcriptome profiling of regulatory T cells from children with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:275-288. [PMID: 37936298 PMCID: PMC10719223 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) is one of the most common forms of hypogammaglobulinemia in the early childhood. THI is usually associated with chronic, recurrent bacterial and viral infections, life-threatening in some cases, yet its pathogenesis is still largely unknown. As our previous findings indicated the possible role of Treg cells in the pathomechanism of THI, the aim of the current study was to investigate gene expression profile of Treg cells isolated from THI patients. The transcriptome-wide gene profiling was performed using microarray technology on THI patients in two time-points: during (THI-1), and in resolution phase (THI-2) of hypogammaglobulinemia. As a result, a total of 1086 genes were differentially expressed in THI-1 patients, when compared to THI-2 as well as control group. Among them, 931 were up- and 155 downregulated, and part of them encodes genes important for Treg lymphocyte biology and function, i.e. transcription factors/cofactors that regulate FOXP3 expression. Thus, we postulate that Treg cells isolated from THI patients during hypogammaglobulinemia display enhanced suppressor transcriptome signature. Treg expression profile of THI children after normalization of Ig levels largely resembles the results obtained in healthy control group, suggesting THI Treg transcriptome seems to return to that observed in healthy children. Taken together, we suggest that THI pathomechanism is associated not only with transiently elevated Treg cell numbers, but also with their enhanced regulatory/inhibitory functions. These findings expand our knowledge of human Treg cells and may be useful for the future diagnosis or management of THI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapała
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grabowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Lenart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kluczewska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Szaflarska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kobylarz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Pituch-Noworolska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka, Krakow, Poland
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Huang LH, Rau CS, Liu YW, Wu CJ, Chien PC, Lin HP, Wu YC, Huang CY, Hsieh TM, Hsieh CH. Exploring the Regulatory Role of XIST-microRNAs/mRNA Network in Circulating CD4 + T Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1848. [PMID: 37509488 PMCID: PMC10376435 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and the main cause of cancer-related death globally. Immune dysregulation of CD4+ T cells has been identified to play a role in the development of HCC. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular pathways of CD4+ T cells in HCC are not completely known. Thus, a better understanding of the dysregulation of the lncRNA-miRNA/mRNA network may yield novel insights into the etiology or progression of HCC. In this study, circulating CD4+ T cells were isolated from the whole blood of 10 healthy controls and 10 HCC patients for the next-generation sequencing of the expression of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Our data showed that there were different expressions of 34 transcripts (2 lncRNAs, XISTs, and MIR222HGs; 29 mRNAs; and 3 other types of RNA) and 13 miRNAs in the circulating CD4+ T cells of HCC patients. The expression of lncRNA-XIST-related miRNAs and their target mRNAs was confirmed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on samples from 100 healthy controls and 60 HCC patients. The lncRNA-miRNA/mRNA regulation network was created using interaction data generated from ENCORI and revealed there are positive correlations in the infiltration of total CD4+ T cells, particularly resting memory CD4+ T cells, and negative correlations in the infiltration of Th1 CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Hung Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shyuan Rau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chen Chien
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Wu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Huang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Min Hsieh
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Tang X, Lin Y, He J, Luo X, Liang J, Zhu X. Downregulated miRNA-491-3p accelerates colorectal cancer growth by increasing uMtCK expression. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14285. [PMID: 36518289 PMCID: PMC9744150 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. MiR-491-3p, a tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA, miR), has been revealed to be abnormally expressed in CRC tissues. Meanwhile, up-regulated ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (uMtCK) contributes to CRC cell proliferation. Here we aim to explore whether aberrant miR-491-3p expression promotes CRC progression through regulating uMtCK. To this end, miR-491-3p and uMtCK levels were assessed in CRC tissues using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The biological roles of miR-491-3p and uMtCK in regulating CRC growth were evaluated using colony formation assay and mouse Xenograft tumour model. We found that miR-491-3p expression was decreased in CRC tissues compared with matched para-cancerous tissues, whereas uMtCK expression was increased. Functionally, miR-491-3p overexpression repressed SW480 cell growth, whereas miR-491-3p depletion accelerated SW620 cell proliferation and growth. Inversely, uMtCK positively regulated CRC cell proliferation. Mechanistically, miR-491-3p post-transcriptionally downregulated uMtCK expression by binding to 3'-UTR of uMtCK. Consequently, restoring uMtCK expression markedly eliminated the role of miR-491-3p in suppressing CRC growth. Collectively, miR-491-3p functions as a tumour suppressor gene by repressing uMtCK, and may be a potential target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkui Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Lin
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijun Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Regis S, Dondero A, Spaggiari GM, Serra M, Caliendo F, Bottino C, Castriconi R. miR-24-3p down-regulates the expression of the apoptotic factors FasL and BIM in human natural killer cells. Cell Signal 2022; 98:110415. [PMID: 35870695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of different functions in immune and non-immune cells. Here we show that miR-24-3p functionally interacts with FASLG mRNA and down-regulates its expression. This interaction occurs in human natural killer cells (NK), leading to the modulation of FasL surface expression. Moreover, miR-24-3p also modulates the mRNA and protein expression of BIM in NK cells. Thus, it likely contributes to the control of both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. In line with this hypothesis, inhibition of miR-24-3p improves both initiator caspase-8 and effector caspase-3 and -7 activities, increases cell apoptosis, and reduces cell viability. Our data suggest that miR-24-3p can act as a survival factor in NK cells, affecting the FasL-mediated killing of Fas expressing cells and the BIM-dependent cell death. More generally, miR-24-3p may condition the level of cell apoptosis, which increases at the contraction phase of the immune response when the clearance of various expanded effector cells is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Regis
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Maria Spaggiari
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Serra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Caliendo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Circulating microRNA profiling is altered in the acute respiratory distress syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6929. [PMID: 35484171 PMCID: PMC9047579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection is an induced immune dysregulation, in some cases resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Several physiological parameters are altered as a result of infection and cytokine storm. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) might reflect this poor condition since they play a significant role in immune cellular performance including inflammatory responses. Circulating miRNAs in patients who underwent ARDS and needed mechanical ventilation (MV+; n = 15) were analyzed by next generation sequencing in comparison with patients who had COVID-19 poor symptoms but without intensive care unit requirement (MV−; n = 13). A comprehensive in silico analysis by integration with public gene expression dataset and pathway enrichment was performed. Whole miRNA sequencing identified 170 differentially expressed miRNAs between patient groups. After the validation step by qPCR in an independent sample set (MV+ = 10 vs. MV− = 10), the miR-369-3p was found significantly decreased in MV+ patients (Fold change − 2.7). After integrating with gene expression results from COVID-19 patients, the most significant GO enriched pathways were acute inflammatory response, regulation of transmembrane receptor protein Ser/Thr, fat cell differentiation, and regulation of biomineralization and ossification. In conclusion, miR-369-3p was altered in patients with mechanical ventilation requirement in comparison with COVID-19 patients without this requirement. This miRNA is involved in inflammatory response which it can be considered as a prognosis factor for ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
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