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Ban SY, Nam Y, Do TT, Kim BH, Shin SJ, Thi Nguyen MT, Kim J, Moon M, Park JT. Liver-X receptor β-selective agonist CE9A215 regulates Alzheimer's disease-associated pathology in a 3xTg-AD mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2025; 184:117895. [PMID: 39919463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau pathology is closely associated with disease progression. Therefore, therapeutics that alleviate tau pathology are essential. Liver-X receptor (LXR) has garnered interest as a potential target for the treatment of AD. We previously investigated the potent anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of inotodiol, hereafter referred to as CE9A215, in various disease models. In this study, we explored the potential of CE9A215 as a treatment for AD. CE9A215 preferentially activated LXRβ (EC50 <10 nM), with no significant activation observed for LXRα at concentrations up to 1000 nM. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that CE9A215 crosses the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in the brain. Moreover, CE9A215 modulated the expression of ABCA1, APOE, SREBP-1c and AQP4 in the brains of wild-type and LXR α/β knockout mice in LXRβ-dependent manner. The efficacy of CE9A215 on AD-related pathologies was evaluated using 3xTg-AD mice. CE9A215 exerted both prophylactic and therapeutic effects on AD-associated behaviors and pathologies, including reductions in amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CE9A215 induced significant changes in genes associated with tau pathology, particularly in pathways related to protein phosphorylation and PI3K/AKT signaling. Our findings suggest that CE9A215 could be a promising therapeutic candidate for AD, particularly in mitigating tau hyperphosphorylation and related AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Ban
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - My Tuyen Thi Nguyen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Jaehan Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Beghelli D, Amici A, Sut S, Dall’Acqua S, Lupidi G, Dal Ben D, Bistoni O, Tomassoni D, Belletti B, Musa S, Mahajna J, Pucciarelli S, Marchini C. Chaga Mushroom Triterpenoids Inhibit Dihydrofolate Reductase and Act Synergistically with Conventional Therapies in Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1454. [PMID: 39595631 PMCID: PMC11591880 DOI: 10.3390/biom14111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) is a medicinal mushroom with several pharmacological properties that is used as a tea in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, Chaga water extract was digested in vitro to mimic the natural processing and absorption of its biocomponents when it is consumed as functional beverage, and its anticancer activities were evaluated in breast cancer (BC) cell lines, representing HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes. After chemical characterization by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HR-QTOF) analysis, the effect of Chaga biocomponents on cell viability and cell cycle progression was assessed by MTT assay, FACS analysis, and Western blot. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity was measured by an enzymatic assay. Four highly bioactive triterpenoids (inotodiol, trametenolic acid, 3-hydroxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-al, and betulin) were identified as the main components, able to decrease BC cell viability and block the cell cycle in G0/G1 by inducing the downregulation of cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein. DHFR was identified as their crucial target. Moreover, bioactive Chaga components exerted a synergistic action with cisplatin and with trastuzumab in SK-BR-3 cells by inhibiting both HER2 and HER1 activation and displayed an immunomodulatory effect. Thus, Inonotus obliquus represents a source of triterpenoids that are effective against aggressive BC subtypes and display properties of targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.B.); (A.A.); (D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.B.); (A.A.); (D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.B.); (A.A.); (D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Stefania Sut
- DAFNAE Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- DSF Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy-Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.B.); (A.A.); (D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Sanaa Musa
- Natural Compounds and Organic Synthesis, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (S.M.); (J.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Natural Compounds and Organic Synthesis, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (S.M.); (J.M.)
- Cancer Drug Discovery Program, Migal, Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.B.); (A.A.); (D.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.B.); (A.A.); (D.T.); (C.M.)
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Nguyet Nguyen TM, Park H, Do TT, Kwak JY, Lee CK, Lee SH, Park JI, Yoon SY, Kim H, Park J, Park JT. CE9A215 (inotodiol), a lanostane-type oxysterol, mitigates LPS-induced sepsis through multifaceted mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176836. [PMID: 39032762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated host response against infection triggers sepsis that leads to multiple organ dysfunction due to uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Despite marked progress in understanding of sepsis, numerous clinical trials for treatment of sepsis have proven daunting and a new therapeutic approach is highly needed. CE9A215 (inotodiol), a fungal secondary metabolite, has been researched for its pharmacological activities and has shown potent anti-allergic effects. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of CE9A215 upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vivo and in vitro for the first time. CE9A215 decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β in a concentration-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Intriguingly, in human mast cell line LUVA, CE9A215 significantly lowered IL-4 and IL-10, and this effect could be beneficial for the clearance of bacterial infection. In addition, administration of CE9A215 improved the survival rate of LPS-stimulated mice and inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in blood. Moreover, CE9A215 enhanced the expression levels of plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) in LPS-stimulated RAW246.7 cells. Liver PLTP level increased significantly in the CE9A215-administered group compared with the control group, which implies that CE9A215 promotes LPS clearance and neutralization by reverse transport of LPS by increasing the expressions of PLTP, ApoE, and ABCA1. Our results highlight CE9A215's potential as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Nguyet Nguyen
- CARBOEXPERT Inc, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Vinmec-VinUni Institute of Immunology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Hyunah Park
- CARBOEXPERT Inc, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Ji-Yun Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Young Yoon
- Department of Allergy and Pulmonology in Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, 30099, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Park
- CARBOEXPERT Inc, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- CARBOEXPERT Inc, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Liang YY, Liao XY, Jia JJ, Yin YZ, Zhang YH, Gao FG. K33 only mutant ubiquitin augments bone marrow-derived dendritic cell-mediated CTL priming via PI3K-Akt pathway. Immunology 2024; 172:486-499. [PMID: 38547355 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of K33 only mutant ubiquitin (K33O) on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells' (BMDCs') maturity, antigen uptake capability, surface molecule expressions and BMDC-mediated CTL priming, and further investigate the role of PI3K-Akt engaged in K33O-increased BMDC maturation, antigen uptake and presentation, surface molecule expressions and BMDC-based CTL priming. BMDCs were conferred K33O and other ubiquitin mutants (K33R, K48R, K63R-mutant ubiquitin) incubation or LY294002 and wortmannin pretreatment. PI3K-Akt phosphorylation, antigen uptake, antigenic presentation and CD86/MHC class I expression in BMDC were determined by western blot or flow cytometry. BMDC-based CTL proliferation and priming were determined by in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot assay (Elispot) and flow cytometry with intracellular staining, respectively. The treatment with K33O effectively augmented PI3K-Akt phosphorylation, BMDCs' antigen uptake, antigenic presentation, CD86/MHC class I and CD11c expressions. MLR, Elispot and flow cytometry revealed that K33O treatment obviously enhanced CTL proliferation, CTL priming and perforin/granzyme B expression. The pretreatment with PI3K-Akt inhibitors efficiently abrogated K33O's effects on BMDC. The replenishment of K33 only mutant ubiquitin augments BMDC-mediated CTL priming in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells via PI3K-Akt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yun Liang
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yan Liao
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jun Jia
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhen Yin
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hua Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guang Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Wagle S, Lee JA, Rupasinghe HPV. Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Extracts of Chaga Mushroom and Microalgae against Mammalian Cancer Cells In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2024; 2024:7944378. [PMID: 38268969 PMCID: PMC10807943 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7944378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) contains bioactive metabolites and has been used to treat various ailments, including cancer. Similarly, marine microalgae are considered a sustainable food supplement with anticancer and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of different extracts prepared from I. obliquus and microalgae using cultured human and canine cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, HOS, D-17, and DH-82). MTS cell viability assay was used to study the cytotoxicity of I. obliquus and microalgae extracts, and a synergy matrix effect was used to study the combined effect of the extracts. Isobologram analysis and the highest single agent synergy model were applied to study and validate the synergy between the extracts from I. obliquus and microalgae. Ethanol-based extraction and supercritical water extract significantly inhibited the growth of various mammalian cancer cells compared to aqueous extracts. Osteosarcoma cells were more susceptible to the supercritical extracts of I. obliquus and chlorophyll-free and sugar-free ethanol extracts of microalgae. A combination of ethanol-based I. obliquus extract and chlorophyll-free microalgae extract resulted in a synergistic interaction with various tested cancer cells. This study provides experimental evidence supporting the potential therapeutic application of I. obliquus and microalgae extracts with a synergistic effect to inhibit the growth of various mammalian cancer cells. Additional in vivo studies are required to fully explore possible therapeutic applications of these unique mixtures to be used in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeev Wagle
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Julie Anne Lee
- Adored Beast Apothecary, 77 Rooney Crescent, Moncton NB E1E 4M4, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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Plehn S, Wagle S, Rupasinghe HV. Chaga mushroom triterpenoids as adjuncts to minimally invasive cancer therapies: A review. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100137. [PMID: 38046279 PMCID: PMC10692653 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become the second leading cause of death in the world. Integrative cancer therapy management is continuously evolving to enhance treatment outcomes. Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) is a parasitic fungus acclaimed to contain pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value in the fight against cancer. In particular, triterpenoid constituents derived from Chaga mushrooms have been recognized for their anti-cancer activity after distinguished cytotoxicity was repeatedly observed in cancer cells treated in vitro with lipophilic fractions of extract compared to aqueous ones. Studies that investigate the anti-cancer activity of Chaga mushroom triterpenoids are reviewed in this article to determine which cancer cell lines demonstrate the greatest susceptibility to them while highlighting the structure-activity relationships that are involved. Triterpenoid supplementation as an adjunct to cancer treatment may be a viable option as inotodiol and 3-β-22 α-dihydroxylanosta-8, 25-diene-24-one have been shown to exhibit anti-cancer activity similar to that of conventional drugs. Advances in addressing bioavailability challenges are also included in this review as studies include in vivo components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Plehn
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Sajeev Wagle
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7, Canada
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Qian W, Ji R, Ye Q, Hu W, Zhou L, Pan H, Li X. Inotodiol ameliorates the progression of osteoarthritis: An in vitro and in vivo study. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:506-512. [PMID: 37935202 DOI: 10.1055/a-2176-4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common chronic degenerative disease, of which the essence is the degenerative changes of bone and joint cartilage, involving damage in multiple structures such as bone, synovium and joints. In the mechanism of arthritis inflammation is closely related, and therefore the exploration to inhibit inflammatory mediators is crucial for the clinical prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. Inotodiol is a lanostane triterpenoid isolated from Inonotus obliquus, which had been extensively reported to be an anti-inflammatory agent, but its effect on arthritis remains unknown. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that inotodiol significantly reduced IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors. At the same time, experiments in vivo showed that inotodiol could effectively improve the symptoms of joint injury in mice and reduce the area of cartilage destruction, indicating that inotodiol may be a potential therapeutic drug for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Ruheng Ji
- The first People's Hospital of Guannan County, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiujie Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Linying Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, 72nd Group Army Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwu Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, 72nd Group Army Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Won GW, Lee SH, Bhatta MP, Choi SH, Oh CH, Park JT, Park JI. Preventive effects of inotodiol on polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced inflammation in human dermal fibroblasts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20556. [PMID: 37886743 PMCID: PMC10597809 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand RNA(dsRNA), which can induce inflammation, can be generated by necrotic keratinocytes in the skin environment. As an analog of dsRNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) is used to induce inflammation via the Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling pathway. Inotodiol, isolated from Inonotus obliquus, known as Chaga mushroom, is a natural lanostane-type triterpenoid with significant pharmacological activity and notable anti-inflammatory effects. However, the functions of inotodiol on dsRNA-induced inflammation in human dermal fibroblast (HDFs) remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of inotodiol inflammation induced on by poly(I:C) in HDFs. After pre-treatment with inotodiol, poly (I:C) was used to induce inflammation. Subsequently, mRNA expression and protein secretion of inflammatory cytokines, as well as TLR3 signaling protein levels were assessed. Inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α's increased mRNA expression by poly(I:C) in HDFs was significantly suppressed in the inotodiol pre-treatment group in a dose-dependent manner. A similar pattern was evaluated in the protein levels of these three cytokines. The inflammatory signals of TLR3 via p-IKK, p-p38, and NF-κB was reduced by inotodiol pre-treatment. Taken together, inotodiol possesses strong anti-inflammatory activity against poly(I:C)-induced inflammation in HDFs. Therefore, our findings support potential application of inotodiol as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Woo Won
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 FOUR, Chungnam National University Department of Medical Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Prakash Bhatta
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Hae Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 FOUR, Chungnam National University Department of Medical Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Chung J, Choi MR, Park SK, Kang JY, Chung EH, Park JT, Kim YM. Inotodiol suppresses allergic inflammation in allergic rhinitis mice. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:1603-1614. [PMID: 36579475 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inotodiol has been proven to have antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic properties. This study investigated the immunomodulatory capability of inotodiol in allergic rhinitis (AR) mice. METHODS Forty BALB/c mice were divided into four groups, 10 mice each: control (CON), AR with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) treatment (AR), inotodiol treatment (AR+Ino), and dexamethasone treatment (AR+Dex). Episodes of sneezing and nose rubbing were counted. Cytokines in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and immunoglobulin in blood serum were measured. Nasal mucosae from each group were used for protein, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and histological analyses. Splenocytes were cultured for evaluation of cytokine production in each group. RESULTS Symptoms of rubbing and sneezing improved in the group of AR+Ino and AR+Dex than in the AR. NLF in the AR+Ino and AR+Dex also showed a significant decrease in interleukin (IL)-5, IL-10, and IL-13 compared to the AR. In addition, the number of eosinophils, goblet cells, and mast cells were notably lower in the nasal mucosae of the AR+Ino and AR+Dex. IL-4 and IL-17A in the AR+Ino and AR+Dex groups were decreased compared to the AR. Chemokines related to mast cell degradation were also decreased in the AR+Ino and AR+Dex groups. Total immunoglobulin (Ig)E, specific IgE and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG1, and histamine levels were also significantly lower in the AR+Ino and AR+Dex groups. IL-10 and IL-13 were notably increased in the splenocytes of the AR after OVA stimulation, whereas the other groups showed no change. CONCLUSION These results indicate inotodiol can help suppress allergic responses by immunomodulation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaein Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Inotodiol, an antiasthmatic agent with efficacy and safety, preferentially impairs membrane-proximal signaling for mast cell activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109854. [PMID: 36812673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
While inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the mainstay of asthma treatment, due to compliance, drug safety, and resistance issues, new medications to replace ICSs are in high demand. Inotodiol, a fungal triterpenoid, showed a unique immunosuppressive property with a preference for mast cells. It exerted a mast cell-stabilizing activity equally potent to dexamethasone in mouse anaphylaxis models when orally administered in a lipid-based formulation, upgrading bioavailability. However, it was four to over ten times less effective in suppressing other immune cell subsets, depending on the subsets, than dexamethasone showing invariably potent inhibition. Accordingly, inotodiol affected the membrane-proximal signaling for activating mast cell functions more profoundly than other subsets. Inotodiol also effectively prevented asthma exacerbation. Importantly, considering the no-observed-adverse-effect level of inotodiol was over 15 times higher than dexamethasone, its therapeutic index would be at least eight times better,implying that inotodiol is a viable option for replacing CSs in treating asthma.
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Evaluation of Toxicity and Efficacy of Inotodiol As an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Using Animal Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154704. [PMID: 35897881 PMCID: PMC9331631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) comprises polyphenolic compounds, triterpenoids, polysaccharides, and sterols. Among the triterpenoid components, inotodiol has been broadly examined because of its various biological activities. The purpose of this study is to examine inotodiol from a safety point of view and to present the potential possibilities of inotodiol for medical usage. From chaga mushroom extract, crude inotodiol (INO20) and pure inotodiol (INO95) were produced. Mice were treated with either INO20 or INO95 once daily using oral administration for repeated dose toxicity evaluation. Serum biochemistry parameters were analyzed, and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum was quantified. In parallel, the effect of inotodiol on food allergic symptoms was investigated. Repeated administration of inotodiol did not show any mortality or abnormalities in organs. In food allergy studies, the symptoms of diarrhea were ameliorated by administration with INO95 and INO20. Furthermore, the level of MCPT-1 decreased by treatment with inotodiol. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that inotodiol does not cause any detrimental effect by showing anti-allergic activities in vivo by inhibiting mast cell function. Our data highlight the potential to use inotodiol as an immune modulator for diseases related to inflammation.
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Bacterial Infection-Mimicking Three-Dimensional Phagocytosis and Chemotaxis in Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibrous Membrane. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080569. [PMID: 34436332 PMCID: PMC8399938 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro infection model to investigate the crosstalk between phagocytes and microbes in inflammation using a nanofibrous membrane (NM). Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-NMs (PCL-NMs) were generated via electrospinning of PCL in chloroform. Staphylococcus aureus and phagocytes were able to adhere to the nanofibers and phagocytes engulfed S. aureus in the PCL-NM. The migration of phagocytes to S. aureus was evaluated in a two-layer co-culture system using PCL-NM. Neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in the upper PCL-NM layer migrated to the lower PCL-NM layer containing bacteria. DCs migrated to neutrophils that cultured with bacteria and then engulfed neutrophils in two-layer system. In addition, phagocytes in the upper PCL-NM layer migrated to bacteria-infected MLE-12 lung epithelial cells in the lower PCL-NM layer. S. aureus-infected MLE-12 cells stimulated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1α in 3D culture conditions, but not in 2D culture conditions. Therefore, the PCL-NM-based 3D culture system with phagocytes and bacteria mimics the inflammatory response to microbes in vivo and is applicable to the biomimetic study of various microbe infections.
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Lu Y, Jia Y, Xue Z, Li N, Liu J, Chen H. Recent Developments in Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) Polysaccharides: Isolation, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 33947037 PMCID: PMC8124789 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) is a kind of medicine and health food widely used by folk in China, Russia, Korea, and some occidental countries. Among the extracts from Inonotus obliquus, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOPS) is supposed to be one of the major bioactive components in Inonotus obliquus, which possesses antitumor, antioxidant, anti-virus, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. In this review, the current advancements on extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and biological activities of IOPS were summarized. This review can provide significant insight into the IOPS bioactivities as their in vitro and in vivo data were summarized, and some possible mechanisms were listed. Furthermore, applications of IOPS were reviewed and discussed; IOPS might be a potential candidate for the treatment of cancers and type 2 diabetes. Besides, new perspectives for the future work of IOPS were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.X.); (N.L.); (J.L.)
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