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Giudice L, Mohamed A, Malm T. StellarPath: Hierarchical-vertical multi-omics classifier synergizes stable markers and interpretable similarity networks for patient profiling. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012022. [PMID: 38607982 PMCID: PMC11042724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Patient Similarity Network paradigm implies modeling the similarity between patients based on specific data. The similarity can summarize patients' relationships from high-dimensional data, such as biological omics. The end PSN can undergo un/supervised learning tasks while being strongly interpretable, tailored for precision medicine, and ready to be analyzed with graph-theory methods. However, these benefits are not guaranteed and depend on the granularity of the summarized data, the clarity of the similarity measure, the complexity of the network's topology, and the implemented methods for analysis. To date, no patient classifier fully leverages the paradigm's inherent benefits. PSNs remain complex, unexploited, and meaningless. We present StellarPath, a hierarchical-vertical patient classifier that leverages pathway analysis and patient similarity concepts to find meaningful features for both classes and individuals. StellarPath processes omics data, hierarchically integrates them into pathways, and uses a novel similarity to measure how patients' pathway activity is alike. It selects biologically relevant molecules, pathways, and networks, considering molecule stability and topology. A graph convolutional neural network then predicts unknown patients based on known cases. StellarPath excels in classification performances and computational resources across sixteen datasets. It demonstrates proficiency in inferring the class of new patients described in external independent studies, following its initial training and testing phases on a local dataset. It advances the PSN paradigm and provides new markers, insights, and tools for in-depth patient profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giudice
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Mateu-Albero T, Marcos-Jimenez A, Delgado-Wicke P, Terrón F, Loscertales J, López-Matencio JMS, Muñoz-Calleja C, Cuesta-Mateos C. Evaluation of the novel therapeutic anti-CCR7 antibody CAP-100 as an add-on therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients receiving venetoclax. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:869-876. [PMID: 37545392 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib and the B-cell lymphoma 2 anti-apoptotic protein inhibitor venetoclax provide high response rates in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, there is a growing number of patients that relapse after treatment or show refractory disease, thus new targets and agents are still needed. We have previously reported the chemokine receptor CCR7 as a relevant deregulated target in CLL and have developed CAP-100, a novel therapeutic anti-CCR7 antibody that is under evaluation for relapse/refractory CLL (NCT04704323). While CCR7 expression has been shown to be down-modulated in CLL patients treated with ibrutinib, whether venetoclax acts in a similar manner remains unaddressed. Here, we aimed to document the impact of venetoclax on CCR7 expression in CLL cells, as well as on the pre-clinical activity of CAP-100. To this end, we addressed CCR7 expression by flow cytometry and the antibody efficacy by means of in vitro chemotactic and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. Our data indicate that venetoclax treatment did not significantly modify CCR7 expression pattern nor CAP-100 mechanisms of action. Together, these findings support CAP-100 as an adjuvant therapy to venetoclax that may introduce additional modes of action in CLL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mateu-Albero
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Instituto Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Jimenez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Instituto Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Terrón
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain
- Catapult Therapeutics, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Loscertales
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Instituto Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Serra López-Matencio
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Instituto Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Instituto Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Instituto Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, Madrid, Spain
- Catapult Therapeutics, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Ma R, Guan X, Teng N, Du Y, Ou S, Li X. Construction of ceRNA prognostic model based on the CCR7/CCL19 chemokine axis as a biomarker in breast cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:254. [PMID: 37864213 PMCID: PMC10590005 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of CCR7/CCL19 chemokine axis and breast cancer (BC) prognosis and metastasis is a current hot topic. We constructed a ceRNA network and risk-prognosis model based on CCR7/CCL19. METHODS Based on the lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression data downloaded from the TCGA database, we used the starbase website to find the lncRNA and miRNA of CCR7/CCL19 and established the ceRNA network. The 1008 BC samples containing survival data were divided into Train group (504 cases) and Test group (504 cases) using R "caret" package. Then we constructed a prognostic risk model using RNA screened by univariate Cox analysis in the Train group and validated it in the Test and All groups. In addition, we explored the correlation between riskScores and clinical trials and immune-related factors (22 immune-infiltrating cells, tumor microenvironment, 13 immune-related pathways and 24 HLA genes). After transfection with knockdown CCR7, we observed the activity and migration ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells using CCK8, scratch assays and angiogenesis assays. Finally, qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of five RNAs in the prognostic risk model in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell. RESULTS Patients with high expression of CCR7 and CCL19 had significantly higher overall survival times than those with low expression. The ceRNA network is constructed by 3 pairs of mRNA-miRNA pairs and 8 pairs of miRNA-lncRNA. After multivariate Cox analysis, we obtained a risk prognostic model: riskScore= -1.544 *`TRG-AS1`+ 0.936 * AC010327.5 + 0.553 *CCR7 -0.208 *CCL19 -0.315 *`hsa-let-7b-5p. Age, stage and riskScore can all be used as independent risk factors for BC prognosis. By drug sensitivity analysis, we found 5 drugs targeting CCR7 (convolamine, amikacin, AH-23,848, ondansetron, flucloxacillin). After transfection with knockdown CCR7, we found a significant reduction in cell activity and migration capacity in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION We constructed the first prognostic model based on the CCR7/CCL19 chemokine axis in BC and explored its role in immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment, and HLA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuliang Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Teng
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shu Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Alrumaihi F. The Multi-Functional Roles of CCR7 in Human Immunology and as a Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer Therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:834149. [PMID: 35874608 PMCID: PMC9298655 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.834149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hallmark of the human immune system is to provide adaptive immunity against pathogens but tolerance toward self-antigens. The CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) provides a significant contribution in guiding cells to and within lymphoid organs and is important for acquiring immunity and tolerance. The CCR7 holds great importance in establishing thymic architecture and function and naïve and regulatory T-cell homing in the lymph nodes. Similarly, the receptor is a key regulator in cancer cell migration and the movement of dendritic cells. This makes the CCR7 an important receptor as a drug and prognostic marker. In this review, we discussed several biological roles of the CCR7 and its importance as a drug and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Mateu-Albero T, Marcos-Jimenez A, Wissmann S, Loscertales J, Terrón F, Stein JV, Muñoz-Calleja C, Cuesta-Mateos C. Ibrutinib Does Not Impact CCR7-Mediated Homeostatic Migration in T-Cells from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112729. [PMID: 35681706 PMCID: PMC9179528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib has significantly changed treatment landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Growing evidence supports ibrutinib to work beyond the effect on tumor cells by means of, for example, restoring functionality of the T-cell compartment and increasing circulating T-cell numbers. Recent evidence suggests T-cell enhanced expansion, rather than increased egress from secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), as a root cause for ibrutinib-induced lymphocytosis. However, whether the latter physiological change is also a consequence of a forced retention in blood remains undisclosed. Since CCR7 is the main chemokine receptor taking over the homing of T-cells from peripheral compartments to lymph nodes and other SLO, we aimed to investigate the impact of ibrutinib on CCR7 functionality in T-cells. To this end, we documented receptor expression in T-cells from a large cohort of ibrutinib-treated CLL patients, and performed different in vivo and in vitro migration models. Overall, our data confirm that CCR7 expression or receptor-mediated migration in CLL T-cells is not affected by ibrutinib. Furthermore, it does not modulate CCR7-driven homing nor nodal interstitial migration. Together, our results support that ibrutinib-induced CLL T-cell accumulation in the blood stream is not derived from an impairment of CCR7-driven recirculation between the SLO and bloodstream, and therefore T-cell expansion is the most plausible cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mateu-Albero
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (A.M.-J.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Ana Marcos-Jimenez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (A.M.-J.); (C.M.-C.)
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Freiburg, Switzerland; (S.W.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Freiburg, Switzerland; (S.W.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Javier Loscertales
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fernando Terrón
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, C/Velázquez 57, 6º derecha, 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Catapult Therapeutics, 8243 RC Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jens V. Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Freiburg, Switzerland; (S.W.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (A.M.-J.); (C.M.-C.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (A.M.-J.); (C.M.-C.)
- IMMED S.L., Immunological and Medicinal Products, C/Velázquez 57, 6º derecha, 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Catapult Therapeutics, 8243 RC Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-534-43-14
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Shifting CCR7 towards Its Monomeric Form Augments CCL19 Binding and Uptake. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091444. [PMID: 35563750 PMCID: PMC9101108 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7, together with its ligands, is responsible for the migration and positioning of adaptive immune cells, and hence critical for launching adaptive immune responses. CCR7 is also induced on certain cancer cells and contributes to metastasis formation. Thus, CCR7 expression and signalling must be tightly regulated for proper function. CCR7, like many other members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily, can form homodimers and oligomers. Notably, danger signals associated with pathogen encounter promote oligomerisation of CCR7 and is considered as one layer of regulating its function. Here, we assessed the dimerisation of human CCR7 and several single point mutations using split-luciferase complementation assays. We demonstrate that dimerisation-defective CCR7 mutants can be transported to the cell surface and elicit normal chemokine-driven G-protein activation. By contrast, we discovered that CCR7 mutants whose expression are shifted towards monomers significantly augment their capacities to bind and internalise fluorescently labelled CCL19. Modeling of the receptor suggests that dimerisation-defective CCR7 mutants render the extracellular loops more flexible and less structured, such that the chemokine recognition site located in the binding pocket might become more accessible to its ligand. Overall, we provide new insights into how the dimerisation state of CCR7 affects CCL19 binding and receptor trafficking.
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7
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Li Z, Yang Q, Tang X, Chen Y, Wang S, Qi X, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Luo J, Liu H, Ba Y, Guo L, Wu B, Huang F, Cao G, Yin Z. Single-cell RNA-seq and chromatin accessibility profiling decipher the heterogeneity of mouse γδ T cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:408-426. [PMID: 36546093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The distinct characteristics of γδ T cells determine their vital roles in the formation of local immune responses and contribute to tissue homeostasis. However, the heterogeneity of γδ T cells across tissues remains unclear. By combining transcriptional and chromatin analyses with a truly unbiased fashion, we constructed a single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility landscape of mouse γδ T cells in the lymph, spleen, and thymus. We also revealed the heterogeneity of γδ T1 and γδ T17 cells across these tissues and inferred their potential regulatory mechanisms. In the thymus, we reconstructed the developmental trajectory and gained further insights into the signature genes from the mature stage, intermediate stage, and immature stage of γδ T cells on the basis of single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing data. Notably, a novel Gzma+ γδ T cell subset was identified with immature properties and only localized to the thymus. Finally, NR1D1, a circadian transcription factor (TF), was validated as a key and negative regulator of γδ T17 cell differentiation by performing a combined analysis of TF motif enrichment, regulon enrichment, and Nr1d1 knockout mice. In summary, our data represent a comprehensive mapping on the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility dynamics of mouse γδ T cells, providing a valuable resource and reference for future studies on γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quanli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Tang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojie Qi
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Luo
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yongbing Ba
- OE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guangchao Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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8
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C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040656. [PMID: 35203305 PMCID: PMC8870371 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) was one of the first two chemokine receptors that were found to be upregulated in breast cancers. Chemokine receptors promote chemotaxis of cells and tissue organization. Since under homeostatic conditions, CCR7 promotes migration of immune cells to lymph nodes, questions immediately arose regarding the ability of CCR7 to direct migration of cancer cells to lymph nodes. The literature since 2000 was examined to determine to what extent the expression of CCR7 in malignant tumors promoted migration to the lymph nodes. The data indicated that in different cancers, CCR7 plays distinct roles in directing cells to lymph nodes, the skin or to the central nervous system. In certain tumors, it may even serve a protective role. Future studies should focus on defining mechanisms that differentially regulate the unfavorable or beneficial role that CCR7 plays in cancer pathophysiology, to be able to improve outcomes in patients who harbor CCR7-positive cancers.
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9
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Uetz-von Allmen E, Samson GPB, Purvanov V, Maeda T, Legler DF. CAL-1 as Cellular Model System to Study CCR7-Guided Human Dendritic Cell Migration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702453. [PMID: 34603281 PMCID: PMC8482423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent and versatile professional antigen-presenting cells and central for the induction of adaptive immunity. The ability to migrate and transport peripherally acquired antigens to draining lymph nodes for subsequent cognate T cell priming is a key feature of DCs. Consequently, DC-based immunotherapies are used to elicit tumor-antigen specific T cell responses in cancer patients. Understanding chemokine-guided DC migration is critical to explore DCs as cellular vaccines for immunotherapeutic approaches. Currently, research is hampered by the lack of appropriate human cellular model systems to effectively study spatio-temporal signaling and CCR7-driven migration of human DCs. Here, we report that the previously established human neoplastic cell line CAL-1 expresses the human DC surface antigens CD11c and HLA-DR together with co-stimulatory molecules. Importantly, if exposed for three days to GM-CSF, CAL-1 cells induce the endogenous expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7 upon encountering the clinically approved TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod R848 and readily migrate along chemokine gradients. Further, we demonstrate that CAL-1 cells can be genetically modified to express fluorescent (GFP)-tagged reporter proteins to study and visualize signaling or can be gene-edited using CRISPR/Cas9. Hence, we herein present the human CAL-1 cell line as versatile and valuable cellular model system to effectively study human DC migration and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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10
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Fujimoto N, Dieterich LC. Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Tumor Lymphatic Invasion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102585. [PMID: 34685565 PMCID: PMC8533989 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels play an important role in tumor progression, mediating lymphatic dissemination of malignant cells to tumor-draining lymph nodes and regulating tumor immunity. An early, necessary step in the lymphatic metastasis cascade is the invasion of lymphatic vessels by tumor cell clusters or single tumor cells. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, which include tumor-specific as well as normal, developmental and immunological processes “hijacked” by tumor cells to gain access to the lymphatic system. Furthermore, we summarize the prognostic value of lymphatic invasion, discuss its relationship with local recurrence, lymph node and distant metastasis, and highlight potential therapeutic options and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan;
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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