1
|
Ruef N, Martínez Magdaleno J, Ficht X, Purvanov V, Palayret M, Wissmann S, Pfenninger P, Stolp B, Thelen F, Barreto de Albuquerque J, Germann P, Sharpe J, Abe J, Legler DF, Stein JV. Exocrine gland-resident memory CD8 + T cells use mechanosensing for tissue surveillance. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd5724. [PMID: 38134242 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident CD8+ T cells (TRM) continuously scan peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes in their organ of residence to intercept microbial invaders. Recent data showed that TRM lodged in exocrine glands scan tissue in the absence of any chemoattractant or adhesion receptor signaling, thus bypassing the requirement for canonical migration-promoting factors. The signals eliciting this noncanonical motility and its relevance for organ surveillance have remained unknown. Using mouse models of viral infections, we report that exocrine gland TRM autonomously generated front-to-back F-actin flow for locomotion, accompanied by high cortical actomyosin contractility, and leading-edge bleb formation. The distinctive mode of exocrine gland TRM locomotion was triggered by sensing physical confinement and was closely correlated with nuclear deformation, which acts as a mechanosensor via an arachidonic acid and Ca2+ signaling pathway. By contrast, naïve CD8+ T cells or TRM surveilling microbe-exposed epithelial barriers did not show mechanosensing capacity. Inhibition of nuclear mechanosensing disrupted exocrine gland TRM scanning and impaired their ability to intercept target cells. These findings indicate that confinement is sufficient to elicit autonomous T cell surveillance in glands with restricted chemokine expression and constitutes a scanning strategy that complements chemosensing-dependent migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jose Martínez Magdaleno
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Palayret
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Petra Pfenninger
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Stolp
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Flavian Thelen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zürich and University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Germann
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Sharpe
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio' Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garcia-Seyda N, Song S, Seveau de Noray V, David-Broglio L, Matti C, Artinger M, Dupuy F, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Valignat MP, Legler DF, Bajénoff M, Theodoly O. Naive T lymphocytes chemotax long distance to CCL21 but not to a source of bioactive S1P. iScience 2023; 26:107695. [PMID: 37822497 PMCID: PMC10562802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Naive T lymphocytes traffic through the organism in search for antigen, alternating between blood and secondary lymphoid organs. Lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes relies on CCL21 chemokine sensing by CCR7 receptors, while exit into efferent lymphatics relies on sphingolipid S1P sensing by S1PR1 receptors. While both molecules are claimed chemotactic, a quantitative analysis of naive T lymphocyte migration along defined gradients is missing. Here, we used a reductionist approach to study the real-time single-cell response of naive T lymphocytes to CCL21 and serum rich in bioactive S1P. Using microfluidic and micropatterning ad hoc tools, we show that CCL21 triggers stable polarization and long-range chemotaxis of cells, whereas S1P-rich serum triggers a transient polarization only and no significant displacement, potentially representing a brief transmigration step through exit portals. Our in vitro data thus suggest that naive T lymphocyte chemotax long distances to CCL21 but not toward a source of bioactive S1P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Garcia-Seyda
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Solene Song
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Marseille, France
| | | | - Luc David-Broglio
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Dupuy
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Martine Biarnes-Pelicot
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Valignat
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Theodoly
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Turing Center for Living Systems, LAI, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Melgrati S, Gerken OJ, Artinger M, Radice E, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A, D’Uonnolo G, Antonello P, Thelen S, Pelczar P, Legler DF, Thelen M. GPR182 is a broadly scavenging atypical chemokine receptor influencing T-independent immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242531. [PMID: 37554323 PMCID: PMC10405735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses highly depend on the effective trafficking of immune cells into and within secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) scavenge chemokines to eliminate them from the extracellular space, thereby generating gradients that guide leukocytes. In contrast to canonical chemokine receptors, ACKRs do not induce classical intracellular signaling that results in cell migration. Recently, the closest relative of ACKR3, GPR182, has been partially deorphanized as a potential novel ACKR. We confirm and extend previous studies by identifying further ligands that classify GPR182 as a broadly scavenging chemokine receptor. We validate the "atypical" nature of the receptor, wherein canonical G-protein-dependent intracellular signaling is not activated following ligand stimulation. However, β-arrestins are required for ligand-independent internalization and chemokine scavenging whereas the C-terminus is in part dispensable. In the absence of GPR182 in vivo, we observed elevated chemokine levels in the serum but also in SLO interstitium. We also reveal that CXCL13 and CCL28, which do not bind any other ACKR, are bound and efficiently scavenged by GPR182. Moreover, we found a cooperative relationship between GPR182 and ACKR3 in regulating serum CXCL12 levels, and between GPR182 and ACKR4 in controlling CCL20 levels. Furthermore, we unveil a new phenotype in GPR182-KO mice, in which we observed a reduced marginal zone (MZ), both in size and in cellularity, and thus in the T-independent antibody response. Taken together, we and others have unveiled a novel, broadly scavenging chemokine receptor, which we propose should be named ACKR5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Melgrati
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver J. Gerken
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marc Artinger
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Egle Radice
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giulia D’Uonnolo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paola Antonello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- University of Basel, Center for Transgenic Models, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sigmund EC, Bauer A, Jakobs BD, Tatliadim H, Tacconi C, Thelen M, Legler DF, Halin C. Reassessing the adrenomedullin scavenging function of ACKR3 in lymphatic endothelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285597. [PMID: 37252916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) is a scavenger of the chemokines CXCL11 and CXCL12 and of several opioid peptides. Additional evidence indicates that ACKR3 binds two other non-chemokine ligands, namely the peptide hormone adrenomedullin (AM) and derivatives of the proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP). AM exhibits multiple functions in the cardiovascular system and is essential for embryonic lymphangiogenesis in mice. Interestingly, AM-overexpressing and ACKR3-deficient mouse embryos both display lymphatic hyperplasia. Moreover, in vitro evidence suggested that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which express ACKR3, scavenge AM and thereby reduce AM-induced lymphangiogenic responses. Together, these observations have led to the conclusion that ACKR3-mediated AM scavenging by LECs serves to prevent overshooting AM-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic hyperplasia. Here, we further investigated AM scavenging by ACKR3 in HEK293 cells and in human primary dermal LECs obtained from three different sources in vitro. LECs efficiently bound and scavenged fluorescent CXCL12 or a CXCL11/12 chimeric chemokine in an ACKR3-dependent manner. Conversely, addition of AM induced LEC proliferation but AM internalization was found to be independent of ACKR3. Similarly, ectopic expression of ACKR3 in HEK293 cells did not result in AM internalization, but the latter was avidly induced upon co-transfecting HEK293 cells with the canonical AM receptors, consisting of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CALCRL) and receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP)2 or RAMP3. Together, these findings indicate that ACKR3-dependent scavenging of AM by human LECs does not occur at ligand concentrations sufficient to trigger AM-induced responses mediated by canonical AM receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Sigmund
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara D Jakobs
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Hazal Tatliadim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Artinger M, Gerken OJ, Legler DF. Heparin Specifically Interacts with Basic BBXB Motifs of the Chemokine CCL21 to Define CCR7 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021670. [PMID: 36675182 PMCID: PMC9866948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are critically involved in controlling directed leukocyte migration. Spatiotemporal secretion together with local retention processes establish and maintain local chemokine gradients that guide directional cell migration. Extracellular matrix proteins, particularly glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), locally retain chemokines through electrochemical interactions. The two chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 guide CCR7-expressing leukocytes, such as antigen-bearing dendritic cells and T lymphocytes, to draining lymph nodes to initiate adaptive immune responses. CCL21-in contrast to CCL19-is characterized by a unique extended C-terminus composed of highly charged residues to facilitate interactions with GAGs. Notably, both chemokines can trigger common, but also ligand-biased signaling through the same receptor. The underlying molecular mechanism of ligand-biased CCR7 signaling is poorly understood. Using a series of naturally occurring chemokine variants in combination with newly designed site-specific chemokine mutants, we herein assessed CCR7 signaling, as well as GAG interactions. We demonstrate that the charged chemokine C-terminus does not fully confer CCL21-biased CCR7 signaling. Besides the positively charged C-terminus, CCL21 also possesses specific BBXB motifs comprising basic amino acids. We show that CCL21 variants where individual BBXB motifs are mutated retain their capability to trigger G-protein-dependent CCR7 signaling, but lose their ability to interact with heparin. Moreover, we show that heparin specifically interacts with CCL21, but not with CCL19, and thereby competes with ligand-binding to CCR7 and prevents signaling. Hence, we provide evidence that soluble heparin, but not the other GAGs, complexes with CCL21 to define CCR7 signaling in a ligand-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver J. Gerken
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szpakowska M, D’Uonnolo G, Luís R, Alonso Bartolomé A, Thelen M, Legler DF, Chevigné A. New pairings and deorphanization among the atypical chemokine receptor family - physiological and clinical relevance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133394. [PMID: 37153591 PMCID: PMC10157204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) form a small subfamily of receptors (ACKR1-4) unable to trigger G protein-dependent signaling in response to their ligands. They do, however, play a crucial regulatory role in chemokine biology by capturing, scavenging or transporting chemokines, thereby regulating their availability and signaling through classical chemokine receptors. ACKRs add thus another layer of complexity to the intricate chemokine-receptor interaction network. Recently, targeted approaches and screening programs aiming at reassessing chemokine activity towards ACKRs identified several new pairings such as the dimeric CXCL12 with ACKR1, CXCL2, CXCL10 and CCL26 with ACKR2, the viral broad-spectrum chemokine vCCL2/vMIP-II, a range of opioid peptides and PAMP-12 with ACKR3 as well as CCL20 and CCL22 with ACKR4. Moreover, GPR182 (ACKR5) has been lately proposed as a new promiscuous atypical chemokine receptor with scavenging activity notably towards CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12 and CXCL13. Altogether, these findings reveal new degrees of complexity of the chemokine network and expand the panel of ACKR ligands and regulatory functions. In this minireview, we present and discuss these new pairings, their physiological and clinical relevance as well as the opportunities they open for targeting ACKRs in innovative therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giulia D’Uonnolo
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rafael Luís
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Ana Alonso Bartolomé
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Andy Chevigné,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rossatti P, Redpath GMI, Ziegler L, Samson GPB, Clamagirand CD, Legler DF, Rossy J. Rapid increase in transferrin receptor recycling promotes adhesion during T cell activation. BMC Biol 2022; 20:189. [PMID: 36002835 PMCID: PMC9400314 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell activation leads to increased expression of the receptor for the iron transporter transferrin (TfR) to provide iron required for the cell differentiation and clonal expansion that takes place during the days after encounter with a cognate antigen. However, T cells mobilise TfR to their surface within minutes after activation, although the reason and mechanism driving this process remain unclear. Results Here we show that T cells transiently increase endocytic uptake and recycling of TfR upon activation, thereby boosting their capacity to import iron. We demonstrate that increased TfR recycling is powered by a fast endocytic sorting pathway relying on the membrane proteins flotillins, Rab5- and Rab11a-positive endosomes. Our data further reveal that iron import is required for a non-canonical signalling pathway involving the kinases Zap70 and PAK, which controls adhesion of the integrin LFA-1 and eventually leads to conjugation with antigen-presenting cells. Conclusions Altogether, our data suggest that T cells boost their iron importing capacity immediately upon activation to promote adhesion to antigen-presenting cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01386-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rossatti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Gregory M I Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luca Ziegler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Camille D Clamagirand
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Artinger M, Gerken OJ, Purvanov V, Legler DF. Distinct Fates of Chemokine and Surrogate Molecule Gradients: Consequences for CCR7-Guided Dendritic Cell Migration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913366. [PMID: 35769489 PMCID: PMC9234131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine-guided leukocyte migration is a hallmark of the immune system to cope with invading pathogens. Intruder confronted dendritic cells (DCs) induce the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7, which enables them to sense and migrate along chemokine gradients to home to draining lymph nodes, where they launch an adaptive immune response. Chemokine-mediated DC migration is recapitulated and intensively studied in 3D matrix migration chambers. A major caveat in the field is that chemokine gradient formation and maintenance in such 3D environments is generally not assessed. Instead, fluorescent probes, mostly labelled dextran, are used as surrogate molecules, thereby neglecting important electrochemical properties of the chemokines. Here, we used site-specifically, fluorescently labelled CCL19 and CCL21 to study the establishment and shape of the chemokine gradients over time in the 3D collagen matrix. We demonstrate that CCL19 and particularly CCL21 establish stable, but short-distance spanning gradients with an exponential decay-like shape. By contrast, dextran with its neutral surface charge forms a nearly linear gradient across the entire matrix. We show that the charged C-terminal tail of CCL21, known to interact with extracellular matrix proteins, is determinant for shaping the chemokine gradient. Importantly, DCs sense differences in the shape of CCL19 and CCL21 gradients, resulting in distinct spatial migratory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver J. Gerken
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Daniel F. Legler,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Friess MC, Kritikos I, Schineis P, Medina-Sanchez JD, Gkountidi AO, Vallone A, Sigmund EC, Schwitter C, Vranova M, Matti C, Arasa J, Saygili Demir C, Bovay E, Proulx ST, Tomura M, Rot A, Legler DF, Petrova TV, Halin C. Mechanosensitive ACKR4 scavenges CCR7 chemokines to facilitate T cell de-adhesion and passive transport by flow in inflamed afferent lymphatics. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110334. [PMID: 35108538 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell migration via afferent lymphatics to draining lymph nodes (dLNs) depends on expression of CCR7 in T cells and CCL21 in the lymphatic vasculature. Once T cells have entered lymphatic capillaries, they slowly migrate into contracting collecting vessels. Here, lymph flow picks up, inducing T cell detachment and rapid transport to the dLNs. We find that the atypical chemokine receptor 4 (ACKR4), which binds and internalizes CCL19 and CCL21, is induced by lymph flow in endothelial cells lining lymphatic collectors, enabling them to scavenge these chemokines. In the absence of ACKR4, migration of T cells to dLNs in TPA-induced inflammation is significantly reduced. While entry into capillaries is not impaired, T cells accumulate in the ACKR4-deficient dermal collecting vessel segments. Overall, our findings identify an ACKR4-mediated mechanism by which lymphatic collectors facilitate the detachment of lymph-borne T cells in inflammation and their transition from crawling to free-flow toward the dLNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona C Friess
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Kritikos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schineis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Angela Vallone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena C Sigmund
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corina Schwitter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vranova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Arasa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cansaran Saygili Demir
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Esther Bovay
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Antal Rot
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University London, London, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland; Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Patel M, Matti C, Grimsey NL, Legler DF, Javitch JA, Finlay DB, Glass M. Delineating the interactions between the cannabinoid CB 2 receptor and its regulatory effectors; β-arrestins and G protein-coupled receptor kinases. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2223-2239. [PMID: 34811740 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2 ) is a promising therapeutic target for modulating inflammation. However, little is known surrounding the mechanisms underpinning CB2 desensitisation and regulation, particularly the role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). Here, we evaluated the role of six GRK isoforms in β-arrestin recruitment to CB2 . Mutagenesis of several distal C-terminal aspartic acid residues was also performed in an attempt to delineate additional structural elements involved in the regulation of CB2 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In CB2 -expressing HEK 293 cells, β-arrestin translocation was measured using real-time BRET assays. G protein dissociation BRET assays were performed to assess the activation and desensitisation of CB2 in the presence of β-arrestin 2. KEY RESULTS Overexpression of GRK isoforms 1-6 failed to considerably improve translocation of either β-arrestin 1 or β-arrestin 2 to CB2 . Consistent with this, inhibition of endogenous GRK2/3 did not substantially reduce β-arrestin 2 translocation. Mutagenesis of C-terminal aspartic acid residues resulted in attenuation of β-arrestin 2 translocation, which translated to a reduction in desensitisation of G protein activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that CB2 does not adhere to the classical GPCR regulatory paradigm, entailing GRK- and β-arrestin-mediated desensitisation. Instead, C-terminal aspartic acid residues may act as phospho-mimics to induce β-arrestin activation. This study provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of CB2 , which may aid in our understanding of drug tolerance and dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Natasha L Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
| | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Uetz-von Allmen E, Samson GPB, Purvanov V, Maeda T, Legler DF. CAL-1 as Cellular Model System to Study CCR7-Guided Human Dendritic Cell Migration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702453. [PMID: 34603281 PMCID: PMC8482423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent and versatile professional antigen-presenting cells and central for the induction of adaptive immunity. The ability to migrate and transport peripherally acquired antigens to draining lymph nodes for subsequent cognate T cell priming is a key feature of DCs. Consequently, DC-based immunotherapies are used to elicit tumor-antigen specific T cell responses in cancer patients. Understanding chemokine-guided DC migration is critical to explore DCs as cellular vaccines for immunotherapeutic approaches. Currently, research is hampered by the lack of appropriate human cellular model systems to effectively study spatio-temporal signaling and CCR7-driven migration of human DCs. Here, we report that the previously established human neoplastic cell line CAL-1 expresses the human DC surface antigens CD11c and HLA-DR together with co-stimulatory molecules. Importantly, if exposed for three days to GM-CSF, CAL-1 cells induce the endogenous expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7 upon encountering the clinically approved TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod R848 and readily migrate along chemokine gradients. Further, we demonstrate that CAL-1 cells can be genetically modified to express fluorescent (GFP)-tagged reporter proteins to study and visualize signaling or can be gene-edited using CRISPR/Cas9. Hence, we herein present the human CAL-1 cell line as versatile and valuable cellular model system to effectively study human DC migration and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghosh S, Feigelson SW, Montresor A, Shimoni E, Roncato F, Legler DF, Laudanna C, Haran G, Alon R. CCR7 signalosomes are preassembled on tips of lymphocyte microvilli in proximity to LFA-1. Biophys J 2021; 120:4002-4012. [PMID: 34411577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte microvilli are elastic actin-rich projections implicated in rapid sensing and penetration across glycocalyx barriers. Microvilli are critical for the capture and arrest of flowing lymphocytes by high endothelial venules, the main lymph node portal vessels. T lymphocyte arrest involves subsecond activation of the integrin LFA-1 by the G-protein-coupled receptor CCR7 and its endothelial-displayed ligands, the chemokines CCL21 and CCL19. The topographical distribution of CCR7 and of LFA-1 in relation to lymphocyte microvilli has never been elucidated. We applied the recently developed microvillar cartography imaging technique to determine the topographical distribution of CCR7 and LFA-1 with respect to microvilli on peripheral blood T lymphocytes. We found that CCR7 is clustered on the tips of T cell microvilli. The vast majority of LFA-1 molecules were found on the cell body, likely assembled in macroclusters, but a subset of LFA-1, 5% of the total, were found scattered within 20 nm from the CCR7 clusters, implicating these LFA-1 molecules as targets for inside-out activation signals transmitted within a fraction of a second by chemokine-bound CCR7. Indeed, RhoA, the key GTPase involved in rapid LFA-1 affinity triggering by CCR7, was also found to be clustered near CCR7. In addition, we observed that the tyrosine kinase JAK2 controls CCR7-mediated LFA-1 affinity triggering and is also highly enriched on tips of microvilli. We propose that tips of lymphocyte microvilli are novel signalosomes for subsecond CCR7-mediated inside-out signaling to neighboring LFA-1 molecules, a critical checkpoint in LFA-1-mediated lymphocyte arrest on high endothelial venules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirsendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara W Feigelson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Eyal Shimoni
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau, University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Laudanna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gutjahr JC, Crawford KS, Jensen DR, Naik P, Peterson FC, Samson GPB, Legler DF, Duchene J, Veldkamp CT, Rot A, Volkman BF. The dimeric form of CXCL12 binds to atypical chemokine receptor 1. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/696/eabc9012. [PMID: 34404752 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic chemokine CXCL12 is involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, leukocyte migration, and tumor metastasis. It is known to engage the classical receptor CXCR4 and the atypical receptor ACKR3. Differential receptor engagement can transduce distinct cellular signals and effects as well as alter the amount of free, extracellular chemokine. CXCR4 binds both monomeric and the more commonly found dimeric forms of CXCL12, whereas ACKR3 binds monomeric forms. Here, we found that CXCL12 also bound to the atypical receptor ACKR1 (previously known as Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines or DARC). In vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that dimeric CXCL12 bound to the extracellular N terminus of ACKR1 with low nanomolar affinity, whereas the binding affinity of monomeric CXCL12 was orders of magnitude lower. In transfected MDCK cells and primary human Duffy-positive erythrocytes, a dimeric, but not a monomeric, construct of CXCL12 efficiently bound to and internalized with ACKR1. This interaction between CXCL12 and ACKR1 provides another layer of regulation of the multiple biological functions of CXCL12. The findings also raise the possibility that ACKR1 can bind other dimeric chemokines, thus potentially further expanding the role of ACKR1 in chemokine retention and presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Gutjahr
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kyler S Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Davin R Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Prachi Naik
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Antal Rot
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gutjahr JC, Bayer E, Yu X, Laufer JM, Höpner JP, Tesanovic S, Härzschel A, Auer G, Rieß T, Salmhofer A, Szenes E, Haslauer T, Durand-Onayli V, Ramspacher A, Pennisi SP, Artinger M, Zaborsky N, Chigaev A, Aberger F, Neureiter D, Pleyer L, Legler DF, Orian-Rousseau V, Greil R, Hartmann TN. CD44 engagement enhances acute myeloid leukemia cell adhesion to the bone marrow microenvironment by increasing VLA-4 avidity. Haematologica 2021; 106:2102-2113. [PMID: 32616529 PMCID: PMC8327716 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.231944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive properties of leukemia cells shape the degree of organ infiltration and the extent of leukocytosis. CD44 and the integrin VLA-4, a CD49d/CD29 heterodimer, are important factors in progenitor cell adhesion in bone marrow. Here, we report their cooperation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by a novel non-classical CD44-mediated way of inside-out VLA-4 activation. In primary AML bone marrow samples from patients and the OCI-AML3 cell line, CD44 engagement by hyaluronan induced inside-out activation of VLA-4 resulting in enhanced leukemia cell adhesion on VCAM-1. This was independent of VLA-4 affinity regulation but based on ligand-induced integrin clustering on the cell surface. CD44-induced VLA-4 activation could be inhibited by the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 and the multikinase inhibitor midostaurin. As a further consequence, the increased adhesion on VCAM-1 allowed AML cells to bind stromal cells strongly. Thereby, the VLA-4/VCAM-1 interaction promoted activation of Akt, MAPK, NF-kB and mTOR signaling and decreased AML cell apoptosis. Collectively, our investigations provide a mechanistic description of an unusual CD44 function in regulating VLA-4 avidity in AML, enhancing AML cell retention in the supportive bone marrow microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Gutjahr
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Elisabeth Bayer
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Xiaobing Yu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz
| | - Jan P Höpner
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | | | - Andrea Härzschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Georg Auer
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Tanja Rieß
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Astrid Salmhofer
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Eva Szenes
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Theresa Haslauer
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Valerie Durand-Onayli
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | | | - Sandra P Pennisi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- 1Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research
| | | | - Fritz Aberger
- Department Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg
| | | | - Lisa Pleyer
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz
| | | | - Richard Greil
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| | - Tanja N Hartmann
- 3rd Medical Department, SCRI-LIMCR, Paracelsus Medical University, Cancer Cluster Salzburg
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
James KD, Legler DF, Purvanov V, Ohigashi I, Takahama Y, Parnell SM, White AJ, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. Medullary stromal cells synergize their production and capture of CCL21 for T-cell emigration from neonatal mouse thymus. Blood Adv 2021; 5:99-112. [PMID: 33570638 PMCID: PMC7805325 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of newly selected αβT cells from the thymus is key in establishing a functional adaptive immune system. Emigration of the first cohorts of αβT cells produced during the neonatal period is of particular importance, because it initiates formation of the peripheral αβT-cell pool and provides immune protection early in life. Despite this, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of thymus emigration are poorly understood. We examined the involvement of diverse stromal subsets and individual chemokine ligands in this process. First, we demonstrated functional dichotomy in the requirement for CCR7 ligands and identified CCL21, but not CCL19, as an important regulator of neonatal thymus emigration. To explain this ligand-specific requirement, we examined sites of CCL21 production and action and found Ccl21 gene expression and CCL21 protein distribution occurred within anatomically distinct thymic areas. Although Ccl21 transcription was limited to subsets of medullary epithelium, CCL21 protein was captured by mesenchymal stroma consisting of integrin α7+ pericytes and CD34+ adventitial cells at sites of thymic exit. This chemokine compartmentalization involved the heparan sulfate-dependent presentation of CCL21 via its C-terminal extension, explaining the absence of a requirement for CCL19, which lacks this domain and failed to be captured by thymic stroma. Collectively, we identified an important role for CCL21 in neonatal thymus emigration, revealing the importance of this chemokine in initial formation of the peripheral immune system. Moreover, we identified an intrathymic mechanism involving cell-specific production and presentation of CCL21, which demonstrated a functional synergy between thymic epithelial and mesenchymal cells for αβT-cell emigration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran D James
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau, University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; and
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sonia M Parnell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea J White
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - William E Jenkinson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Phan TS, Schink L, Mann J, Merk VM, Zwicky P, Mundt S, Simon D, Kulms D, Abraham S, Legler DF, Noti M, Brunner T. Keratinocytes control skin immune homeostasis through de novo-synthesized glucocorticoids. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/5/eabe0337. [PMID: 33514551 PMCID: PMC7846173 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC), synthesized by the 11β-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1), control excessive inflammation through immunosuppressive actions. The skin was proposed to regulate homeostasis by autonomous GC production in keratinocytes. However, their immunosuppressive capacity and clinical relevance remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the potential of skin-derived GC and their role in the regulation of physiological and prevalent inflammatory skin conditions. In line with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency in human inflammatory skin disorders, genetic in vivo Cyp11b1 ablation and long-term GC deficiency in keratinocytes primed the murine skin immune system resulting in spontaneous skin inflammation. Deficient skin GC in experimental models for inflammatory skin disorders led to exacerbated contact hypersensitivity and psoriasiform skin inflammation accompanied by decreased regulatory T cells and the involvement of unconventional T cells. Our findings provide insights on how skin homeostasis and pathology are critically regulated by keratinocyte-derived GC, emphasizing the immunoregulatory potential of endogenous GC in the regulation of epithelial immune microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Truong San Phan
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schink
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mann
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Verena M Merk
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Abraham
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matti C, D'Uonnolo G, Artinger M, Melgrati S, Salnikov A, Thelen S, Purvanov V, Strobel TD, Spannagel L, Thelen M, Legler DF. CCL20 is a novel ligand for the scavenging atypical chemokine receptor 4. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:1137-1154. [PMID: 32533638 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ma0420-295rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL20 is broadly produced by endothelial cells in the liver, the lung, in lymph nodes and mucosal lymphoid tissues, and recruits CCR6 expressing leukocytes, particularly dendritic cells, mature B cells, and subpopulations of T cells. How CCL20 is systemically scavenged is currently unknown. Here, we identify that fluorescently labeled human and mouse CCL20 are efficiently taken-up by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4. CCL20 shares ACKR4 with the homeostatic chemokines CCL19, CCL21, and CCL25, although with a lower affinity. We demonstrate that all 4 human chemokines recruit β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2 to human ACKR4. Similarly, mouse CCL19, CCL21, and CCL25 equally activate the human receptor. Interestingly, at the same chemokine concentration, mouse CCL20 did not recruit β-arrestins to human ACKR4. Further cross-species analysis suggests that human ACKR4 preferentially takes-up human CCL20, whereas mouse ACKR4 similarly internalizes mouse and human CCL20. Furthermore, we engineered a fluorescently labeled chimeric chemokine consisting of the N-terminus of mouse CCL25 and the body of mouse CCL19, termed CCL25_19, which interacts with and is taken-up by human and mouse ACKR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Giulia D'Uonnolo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Serena Melgrati
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Angela Salnikov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias D Strobel
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Spannagel
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kouzeli A, Collins PJ, Metzemaekers M, Meyrath M, Szpakowska M, Artinger M, Struyf S, Proost P, Chevigne A, Legler DF, Eberl M, Moser B. CXCL14 Preferentially Synergizes With Homeostatic Chemokine Receptor Systems. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561404. [PMID: 33123134 PMCID: PMC7570948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflecting their importance in immunity, the activity of chemokines is regulated on several levels, including tissue and context-specific expression and availability of their cognate receptor on target cells. Chemokine synergism, affecting both chemokine and chemokine receptor function, has emerged as an additional control mechanism. We previously demonstrated that CXCL14 is a positive allosteric modulator of CXCR4 in its ability to synergize with CXCL12 in diverse cellular responses. Here, we have extended our study to additional homeostatic, as well as a selection of inflammatory chemokine systems. We report that CXCL14 strongly synergizes with low (sub-active) concentrations of CXCL13 and CCL19/CCL21 in in vitro chemotaxis with immune cells expressing the corresponding receptors CXCR5 and CCR7, respectively. CXCL14 by itself was inactive, not only on cells expressing CXCR5 or CCR7 but also on cells expressing any other known conventional or atypical chemokine receptor, as assessed by chemotaxis and/or β-arrestin recruitment assays. Furthermore, synergistic migration responses between CXCL14 and inflammatory chemokines CXCL10/CXCL11 and CCL5, targeting CXCR3 and CCR5, respectively, were marginal and occasional synergistic Ca2+ flux responses were observed. CXCL14 bound to 300-19 cells and interfered with CCL19 binding to CCR7-expressing cells, suggesting that these cellular interactions contributed to the reported CXCL14-mediated synergistic activities. We propose a model whereby tissue-expressed CXCL14 contributes to cell localization under steady-state conditions at sites with prominent expression of homeostatic chemokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Kouzeli
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Collins
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Meyrath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andy Chevigne
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
D'Agostino G, Artinger M, Locati M, Perez L, Legler DF, Bianchi ME, Rüegg C, Thelen M, Marchese A, Rocchi MBL, Cecchinato V, Uguccioni M. β-Arrestin1 and β-Arrestin2 Are Required to Support the Activity of the CXCL12/HMGB1 Heterocomplex on CXCR4. Front Immunol 2020; 11:550824. [PMID: 33072091 PMCID: PMC7533569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.550824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a fundamental role in homeostasis and pathology by orchestrating recruitment and positioning of immune cells, under the guidance of a CXCL12 gradient. The ability of chemokines to form heterocomplexes, enhancing their function, represents an additional level of regulation on their cognate receptors. In particular, the multi-faceted activity of the heterocomplex formed between CXCL12 and the alarmin HMGB1 is emerging as an unexpected player able to modulate a variety of cell responses, spanning from tissue regeneration to chronic inflammation. Nowadays, little is known on the selective signaling pathways activated when CXCR4 is triggered by the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex. In the present work, we demonstrate that this heterocomplex acts as a CXCR4 balanced agonist, activating both G protein and β-arrestins-mediated signaling pathways to sustain chemotaxis. We generated β-arrestins knock out HeLa cells by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and show that the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex-mediated actin polymerization is primarily β-arrestin1 dependent, while chemotaxis requires both β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2. Triggering of CXCR4 with the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex leads to an unexpected receptor retention on the cell surface, which depends on β-arrestin2. In conclusion, the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex engages the β-arrestin proteins differently from CXCL12, promoting a prompt availability of CXCR4 on the cell surface, and enhancing directional cell migration. These data unveil the signaling induced by the CXCL12/HMGB1 heterocomplex in view of identifying biased CXCR4 antagonists or agonists targeting the variety of functions it exerts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agostino
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Perez
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Marchese
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biostatistics Unit, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecchinato
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cosgrove J, Novkovic M, Albrecht S, Pikor NB, Zhou Z, Onder L, Mörbe U, Cupovic J, Miller H, Alden K, Thuery A, O'Toole P, Pinter R, Jarrett S, Taylor E, Venetz D, Heller M, Uguccioni M, Legler DF, Lacey CJ, Coatesworth A, Polak WG, Cupedo T, Manoury B, Thelen M, Stein JV, Wolf M, Leake MC, Timmis J, Ludewig B, Coles MC. B cell zone reticular cell microenvironments shape CXCL13 gradient formation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3677. [PMID: 32699279 PMCID: PMC7376062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the formation of concentration gradients, morphogens drive graded responses to extracellular signals, thereby fine-tuning cell behaviors in complex tissues. Here we show that the chemokine CXCL13 forms both soluble and immobilized gradients. Specifically, CXCL13+ follicular reticular cells form a small-world network of guidance structures, with computer simulations and optimization analysis predicting that immobilized gradients created by this network promote B cell trafficking. Consistent with this prediction, imaging analysis show that CXCL13 binds to extracellular matrix components in situ, constraining its diffusion. CXCL13 solubilization requires the protease cathepsin B that cleaves CXCL13 into a stable product. Mice lacking cathepsin B display aberrant follicular architecture, a phenotype associated with effective B cell homing to but not within lymph nodes. Our data thus suggest that reticular cells of the B cell zone generate microenvironments that shape both immobilized and soluble CXCL13 gradients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Cosgrove
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Albrecht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia B Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Zhaoukun Zhou
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York, UK
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Helen Miller
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York, UK
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Kieran Alden
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK
| | - Anne Thuery
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Rita Pinter
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Jarrett
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily Taylor
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel Venetz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Charles J Lacey
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Wojciech G Polak
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bénedicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151- CNRS UMR 8253, 149 rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France Université René Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Wolf
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark C Leake
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York, UK.
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Jon Timmis
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK.
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Mark C Coles
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schregle R, Mueller S, Legler DF, Rossy J, Krueger WA, Groettrup M. FAT10 localises in dendritic cell aggresome-like induced structures and contributes to their disassembly. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240085. [PMID: 32546531 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) aggresome-like induced structures (DALIS) are protein aggregates of polyubiquitylated proteins that form transiently during DC maturation. DALIS scatter randomly throughout the cytosol and serve as antigen storage sites synchronising DC maturation and antigen presentation. Maturation of DCs is accompanied by the induction of the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 (also known as UBD), which localises to aggresomes, structures that are similar to DALIS. FAT10 is conjugated to substrate proteins and serves as a signal for their rapid and irreversible degradation by the 26S proteasome similar to, yet independently of ubiquitin, thereby contributing to antigen presentation. Here, we have investigated whether FAT10 is involved in the formation and turnover of DALIS, and whether proteins accumulating in DALIS can be modified through conjunction to FAT10 (FAT10ylated). We found that FAT10 localises to DALIS in maturing DCs and that this localisation occurs independently of its conjugation to substrates. Additionally, we investigated the DALIS turnover in FAT10-deficient and -proficient DCs, and observed FAT10-mediated disassembly of DALIS. Thus, we report further evidence that FAT10 is involved in antigen processing, which may provide a functional rationale as to why FAT10 is selectively induced upon DC maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schregle
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mueller
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Orchestrated trafficking and activation by pathogen-derived peptides define the ability of CD4+ T helper cells to contribute to an effective adaptive immunity. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Martín-Leal et al show that the inflammatory chemokine receptor CCR5, well known for its role in cell migration and HIV infection, regulates ceramide synthesis and TCR nanoclustering to promote memory CD4+ T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Leukocyte migration across vessels into and within peripheral and lymphoid tissues is essential for host defense against invading pathogens. Leukocytes are specialized in sensing a variety of guidance cues and to integrate environmental stimuli to navigate in a timely and spatially controlled manner. These extracellular signals must be transmitted across the leukocyte’s plasma membrane in a way that intracellular signaling cascades enable directional cell movement. Therefore, the composition of the membrane in concert with proteins that influence the compartmentalization of the plasma membrane or contribute to delineate intracellular signaling molecules are key in controlling leukocyte navigation. This becomes evident by the fact that mislocalization of membrane proteins is known to deleteriously affect cellular functions that may cause diseases. In this review we summarize recent advances made in the understanding of how membrane cholesterol levels modulate chemokine receptor signaling and hence leukocyte trafficking. Moreover, we provide an overview on the role of membrane scaffold proteins, particularly tetraspanins, flotillins/reggies, and caveolins in controlling leukocyte migration both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Matti C, Salnikov A, Artinger M, D'Agostino G, Kindinger I, Uguccioni M, Thelen M, Legler DF. ACKR4 Recruits GRK3 Prior to β-Arrestins but Can Scavenge Chemokines in the Absence of β-Arrestins. Front Immunol 2020; 11:720. [PMID: 32391018 PMCID: PMC7188906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are essential for guiding cell migration. Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) contribute to the cell migration process by binding, internalizing and degrading local chemokines, which enables the formation of confined gradients. ACKRs are heptahelical membrane spanning molecules structurally related to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), but seem to be unable to signal through G-proteins upon ligand binding. ACKR4 internalizes the chemokines CCL19, CCL21, and CCL25 and is best known for shaping functional CCL21 gradients. Ligand binding to ACKR4 has been shown to recruit β-arrestins that has led to the assumption that chemokine scavenging relies on β-arrestin-mediated ACKR4 trafficking, a common internalization route taken by class A GPCRs. Here, we show that CCL19, CCL21, and CCL25 readily recruited β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2 to human ACKR4, but found no evidence for β-arrestin-dependent or independent ACKR4-mediated activation of the kinases Erk1/2, Akt, or Src. However, we demonstrate that β-arrestins interacted with ACKR4 in the steady-state and contributed to the spontaneous trafficking of the receptor in the absence of chemokines. Deleting the C-terminus of ACKR4 not only interfered with the interaction of β-arrestins, but also with the uptake of fluorescently labeled cognate chemokines. We identify the GPCR kinase GRK3, and to a lesser extent GRK2, but not GRK4, GRK5, and GRK6, to be recruited to chemokine-stimulated ACKR4. We show that GRK3 recruitment proceded the recruitment of β-arrestins upon ACKR4 engagement and that GRK2/3 inhibition partially interfered with steady-state interaction and chemokine-driven recruitment of β-arrestins to ACKR4. Overexpressing β-arrestin2 accelerated the uptake of fluorescently labeled CCL19, indicating that β-arrestins contribute to the chemokine scavenging activity of ACKR4. By contrast, cells lacking β-arrestins were still capable to take up fluorescently labeled CCL19 demonstrating that β-arrestins are dispensable for chemokine scavenging by ACKR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Angela Salnikov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca D'Agostino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Kindinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Laufer JM, Hauser MA, Kindinger I, Purvanov V, Pauli A, Legler DF. Chemokine Receptor CCR7 Triggers an Endomembrane Signaling Complex for Spatial Rac Activation. Cell Rep 2019; 29:995-1009.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
26
|
Ficht X, Ruef N, Stolp B, Samson GPB, Moalli F, Page N, Merkler D, Nichols BJ, Diz-Muñoz A, Legler DF, Niggli V, Stein JV. In Vivo Function of the Lipid Raft Protein Flotillin-1 during CD8 + T Cell-Mediated Host Surveillance. J Immunol 2019; 203:2377-2387. [PMID: 31548330 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Flotillin-1 (Flot1) is an evolutionary conserved, ubiquitously expressed lipid raft-associated scaffolding protein. Migration of Flot1-deficient neutrophils is impaired because of a decrease in myosin II-mediated contractility. Flot1 also accumulates in the uropod of polarized T cells, suggesting an analogous role in T cell migration. In this study, we analyzed morphology and migration parameters of murine wild-type and Flot1-/- CD8+ T cells using in vitro assays and intravital two-photon microscopy of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Flot1-/- CD8+ T cells displayed significant alterations in cell shape and motility parameters in vivo but showed comparable homing to lymphoid organs and intact in vitro migration to chemokines. Furthermore, their clonal expansion and infiltration into nonlymphoid tissues during primary and secondary antiviral immune responses was comparable to wild-type CD8+ T cells. Taken together, Flot1 plays a detectable but unexpectedly minor role for CD8+ T cell behavior under physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Ficht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Stolp
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Federica Moalli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ben J Nichols
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Verena Niggli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jørgensen AS, Larsen O, Uetz-von Allmen E, Lückmann M, Legler DF, Frimurer TM, Veldkamp CT, Hjortø GM, Rosenkilde MM. Biased Signaling of CCL21 and CCL19 Does Not Rely on N-Terminal Differences, but Markedly on the Chemokine Core Domains and Extracellular Loop 2 of CCR7. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2156. [PMID: 31572374 PMCID: PMC6753178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors play important roles in the immune system and are linked to several human diseases. Targeting chemokine receptors have so far shown very little success owing to, to some extent, the promiscuity of the immune system and the high degree of biased signaling within it. CCR7 and its two endogenous ligands display biased signaling and here we investigate the differences between the two ligands, CCL21 and CCL19, with respect to their biased activation of CCR7. We use bystander bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) based signaling assays and Transwell migration assays to determine (A) how swapping of domains between the two ligands affect their signaling patterns and (B) how receptor mutagenesis impacts signaling. Using chimeric ligands we find that the chemokine core domains are central for determining signaling outcome as the lack of β-arrestin-2 recruitment displayed by CCL21 is linked to its core domain and not N-terminus. Through a mutagenesis screen, we identify the extracellular domains of CCR7 to be important for both ligands and show that the two chemokines interact differentially with extracellular loop 2 (ECL-2). By using in silico modeling, we propose a link between ECL-2 interaction and CCR7 signal transduction. Our mutagenesis study also suggests a lysine in the top of TM3, K1303.26, to be important for G protein signaling, but not β-arrestin-2 recruitment. Taken together, the bias in CCR7 between CCL19 and CCL21 relies on the chemokine core domains, where interactions with ECL-2 seem particularly important. Moreover, TM3 selectively regulates G protein signaling as found for other chemokine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olav Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lückmann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher T Veldkamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, United States
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Impellizzieri D, Ridder F, Raeber ME, Egholm C, Woytschak J, Kolios AGA, Legler DF, Boyman O. IL-4 receptor engagement in human neutrophils impairs their migration and extracellular trap formation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:267-279.e4. [PMID: 30768990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 immunity serves to resist parasitic helminths, venoms, and toxins, but the role and regulation of neutrophils during type 2 immune responses are controversial. Helminth models suggested a contribution of neutrophils to type 2 immunity, whereas neutrophils are associated with increased disease severity during type 2 inflammatory disorders, such as asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of the prototypic type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 on human neutrophils. METHODS Human neutrophils from peripheral blood were assessed without or with IL-4 or IL-13 for (1) expression of IL-4 receptor subunits, (2) neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, (3) migration toward CXCL8 in vitro and in humanized mice, and (4) CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR4 expression, as well as (5) in nonallergic versus allergic subjects. RESULTS Human neutrophils expressed both types of IL-4 receptors, and their stimulation through IL-4 or IL-13 diminished their ability to form NETs and migrate toward CXCL8 in vitro. Likewise, in vivo chemotaxis in NOD-scid-Il2rg-/- mice was reduced in IL-4-stimulated human neutrophils compared with control values. These effects were accompanied by downregulation of the CXCL8-binding chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 on human neutrophils on IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation in vitro. Ex vivo analysis of neutrophils from allergic patients or exposure of neutrophils from nonallergic subjects to allergic donor serum in vitro impaired their NET formation and migration toward CXCL8, thereby mirroring IL-4/IL-13-stimulated neutrophils. CONCLUSION IL-4 receptor signaling in human neutrophils affects several neutrophil effector functions, which bears important implications for immunity in type 2 inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederike Ridder
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine Woytschak
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Laufer JM, Kindinger I, Artinger M, Pauli A, Legler DF. CCR7 Is Recruited to the Immunological Synapse, Acts as Co-stimulatory Molecule and Drives LFA-1 Clustering for Efficient T Cell Adhesion Through ZAP70. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3115. [PMID: 30692994 PMCID: PMC6339918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 guides T cells and dendritic cells to and within lymph nodes to launch the onset of adaptive immunity. Here, we demonstrate that CCR7 in addition acts as a potent co-stimulatory molecule in T cell activation. We found that antigen recognition and engagement of the TCR results in CCR7 accumulation at the immunological synapse where CCR7 and the TCR co-localize within sub-synaptic vesicles. We demonstrate that CCR7 triggering alone is sufficient to recruit and activate ZAP70, a critical kinase for T cell activation, through Src kinase, whereas TCR CCR7 co-stimulation results in increased and prolonged ZAP70 kinase activity. Finally, we show that ZAP70, acting as adapter molecule, is critical for CCR7-mediated inside-out signaling to integrins, thereby modulating LFA-1 valency regulation to promote cell adhesion, a key step in immunological synapse formation and efficient T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ilona Kindinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
T cell migration from blood to, and within lymphoid organs and tissue, as well as, T cell activation rely on complex biochemical signaling events. But T cell migration and activation also take place in distinct mechanical environments and lead to drastic morphological changes and reorganization of the acto-myosin cytoskeleton. In this review we discuss how adhesion proteins and the T cell receptor act as mechanosensors to translate these mechanical contexts into signaling events. We further discuss how cell tension could bring a significant contribution to the regulation of T cell signaling and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Rossy
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jørgensen AS, Adogamhe PE, Laufer JM, Legler DF, Veldkamp CT, Rosenkilde MM, Hjortø GM. CCL19 with CCL21-tail displays enhanced glycosaminoglycan binding with retained chemotactic potency in dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:401-411. [PMID: 29768676 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2vma0118-008r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL19 is more potent than CCL21 in inducing chemotaxis of human dendritic cells (DC). This difference is attributed to 1) a stronger interaction of the basic C-terminal tail of CCL21 with acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the environment and 2) an autoinhibitory function of this C-terminal tail. Moreover, different receptor docking modes and tissue expression patterns of CCL19 and CCL21 contribute to fine-tuned control of CCR7 signaling. Here, we investigate the effect of the tail of CCL21 on chemokine binding to GAGs and on CCR7 activation. We show that transfer of CCL21-tail to CCL19 (CCL19CCL21-tail ) markedly increases binding of CCL19 to human dendritic cell surfaces, without impairing CCL19-induced intracellular calcium release or DC chemotaxis, although it causes reduced CCR7 internalization. The more potent chemotaxis induced by CCL19 and CCL19CCL21-tail compared to CCL21 is not transferred to CCL21 by replacing its N-terminus with that of CCL19 (CCL21CCL19-N-term ). Measurements of cAMP production in CHO cells uncover that CCL21-tail transfer (CCL19CCL21-tail ) negatively affects CCL19 potency, whereas removal of CCL21-tail (CCL21tailless ) increases signaling compared to full-length CCL21, indicating that the tail negatively affects signaling via cAMP. Similar to chemokine-driven calcium mobilization and chemotaxis, the potency of CCL21 in cAMP is not improved by transfer of the CCL19 N-terminus to CCL21 (CCL21CCL19-N-term ). Together these results indicate that ligands containing CCL21 core and C-terminal tail (CCL21 and CCL21CCL19-N-term ) are most restricted in their cAMP signaling; a phenotype attributed to a stronger GAG binding of CCL21 and defined structural differences between CCL19 and CCL21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontian E Adogamhe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Laufer JM, Legler DF. Beyond migration-Chemokines in lymphocyte priming, differentiation, and modulating effector functions. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:301-312. [PMID: 29668063 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr1217-494r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors coordinate the positioning of leukocytes, and lymphocytes in particular, in space and time. Discrete lymphocyte subsets, depending on their activation and differentiation status, express various sets of chemokine receptors to be recruited to distinct tissues. Thus, the network of chemokines and their receptors ensures the correct localization of specialized lymphocyte subsets within the appropriate microenvironment enabling them to search for cognate antigens, to become activated, and to fulfill their effector functions. The chemokine system therefore is vital for the initiation as well as the regulation of immune responses to protect the body from pathogens while maintaining tolerance towards self. Besides the well investigated function of orchestrating directed cell migration, chemokines additionally act on lymphocytes in multiple ways to shape immune responses. In this review, we highlight and discuss the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in controlling cell-to-cell contacts required for lymphocyte arrest on endothelial cells and immunological synapse formation, in lymphocyte priming and differentiation, survival, as well as in modulating effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Uetz-von Allmen E, Rippl AV, Farhan H, Legler DF. A unique signal sequence of the chemokine receptor CCR7 promotes package into COPII vesicles for efficient receptor trafficking. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:375-389. [PMID: 29603364 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2vma1217-492r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are considered to belong to the group of G protein-coupled receptors that use the first transmembrane domain as signal anchor sequence for membrane insertion instead of a cleavable N-terminal signal sequence. Chemokine recognition is determined by the N-termini of chemokine receptors. Here, we show that the chemokine receptor CCR7, which is essential for directed migration of adaptive immune cells, possesses a 24 amino acids long N-terminal signal sequence that is unique among chemokine receptors. This sequence is cleaved off the mature human and mouse protein. Introducing single point mutations in the hydrophobic core h-region or in the polar C-terminal segment (c-region) of the signal sequence to interfere with its cleavage retained CCR7 in the ER and prevented its surface expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate the correct topology of the 35 amino acids short extracellular N-tail of CCR7 in a deletion mutant lacking the natural signal sequence. This signal sequence deletion mutant of CCR7 is fully functional as it efficiently binds its ligand, elicits chemokine-induced calcium mobilization, and directs cell migration. However, we show that the signal sequence promotes efficient recruitment of the GPCR to ER exit sites, thereby controlling efficient ER to Golgi trafficking of CCR7 on its way to reach the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra V Rippl
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Laufer JM, Lyck R, Legler DF. ZAP70 expression enhances chemokine-driven chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell migration and arrest by valency regulation of integrins. FASEB J 2018; 32:4824-4835. [PMID: 29589978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701452rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP70) is expressed in the aggressive form of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Moreover, the integrin very late antigen (VLA)-1 is highly expressed on subtypes of CLL that are associated with high proliferation rates in the lymph node context. We herein identify a critical role for ZAP70 in chemokine-mediated, inside-out signaling to integrins in trisomy 12 carrying Ohio State University-CLL cell lines derived from a patient with previously treated CLL. We found that ZAP70-positive CLL cells migrated significantly better toward ligands of the lymph node homing chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4 compared with ZAP70-negative cells. In addition, ZAP70-expressing CLL cells adhered more efficiently to integrin ligands under static conditions. We discovered that ZAP70 expression controls chemokine-driven clustering of the integrins VLA-4 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. More precisely, chemokine stimulation resulted in a ZAP70-dependent integrin valency regulation on CLL cells, whereas high-affinity regulation of integrins was independent of ZAP70. Consequently, ZAP70-expressing CLL cells show increased chemokine-driven arrest on immobilized integrin ligands and on chemokine-presenting endothelial cells under physiologic flow conditions. Hence, we describe a novel mechanism showing how ZAP70 controls chemokine-driven valency regulation of integrins and arrest of CLL cells on endothelial cells, a process that might contribute to CLL disease progression.-Laufer, J. M., Lyck, R., Legler, D. F. ZAP70 expression enhances chemokine-driven chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell migration and arrest by valency regulation of integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School of Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School of Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Chemokine signaling is essential for coordinated cell migration in health and disease to specifically govern cell positioning in space and time. Typically, chemokines signal through heptahelical, G protein-coupled receptors to orchestrate cell migration. Notably, chemokine receptors are highly dynamic structures and signaling efficiency largely depends on the discrete contact with the ligand. Promiscuity of both chemokines and chemokine receptors, combined with biased signaling and allosteric modulation of receptor activation, guarantees a tightly controlled recruitment and positioning of individual cells within the local environment at a given time. Here, we discuss recent insights in understanding chemokine gradient formation by atypical chemokine receptors and how typical chemokine receptors can transmit distinct signals to translate guidance cues into coordinated cell locomotion in space and time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nyffeler J, Chovancova P, Dolde X, Holzer AK, Purvanov V, Kindinger I, Kerins A, Higton D, Silvester S, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Glaab E, van der Burg B, Maclennan R, Legler DF, Leist M. A structure-activity relationship linking non-planar PCBs to functional deficits of neural crest cells: new roles for connexins. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:1225-1247. [PMID: 29164306 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Migration of neural crest cells (NCC) is a fundamental developmental process, and test methods to identify interfering toxicants have been developed. By examining cell function endpoints, as in the 'migration-inhibition of NCC (cMINC)' assay, a large number of toxicity mechanisms and protein targets can be covered. However, the key events that lead to the adverse effects of a given chemical or group of related compounds are hard to elucidate. To address this issue, we explored here, whether the establishment of two overlapping structure-activity relationships (SAR)-linking chemical structure on the one hand to a phenotypic test outcome, and on the other hand to a mechanistic endpoint-was useful as strategy to identify relevant toxicity mechanisms. For this purpose, we chose polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) as a large group of related, but still toxicologically and physicochemically diverse structures. We obtained concentration-dependent data for 26 PCBs in the cMINC assay. Moreover, the test chemicals were evaluated by a new high-content imaging method for their effect on cellular re-distribution of connexin43 and for their capacity to inhibit gap junctions. Non-planar PCBs inhibited NCC migration. The potency (1-10 µM) correlated with the number of ortho-chlorine substituents; non-ortho-chloro (planar) PCBs were non-toxic. The toxicity to NCC partially correlated with gap junction inhibition, while it fully correlated (p < 0.0004) with connexin43 cellular re-distribution. Thus, our double-SAR strategy revealed a mechanistic step tightly linked to NCC toxicity of PCBs. Connexin43 patterns in NCC may be explored as a new endpoint relevant to developmental toxicity screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nyffeler
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Research Training Group RTG1331, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Petra Chovancova
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Xenia Dolde
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Holzer
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Kindinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Anna Kerins
- Cyprotex Discovery, No 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - David Higton
- Cyprotex Discovery, No 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Steve Silvester
- Cyprotex Discovery, No 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems bv, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Maclennan
- Cyprotex Discovery, No 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Research Training Group RTG1331, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Leist
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Research Training Group RTG1331, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The in vitro synthesis of correctly folded functional proteins remains challenging. Chemokines, which consist of only 70-100 amino acids, are accessible through solid-phase synthesis and easily fold into a thermally stable tertiary structure. From the time of their discovery in the late 1980s chemokines could therefore be synthesized using biochemical and chemical protocols for structure-function analyses and for exploring the chemokine system in vitro and in vivo. In this short overview aimed at a chemistry-oriented readership we will introduce chemokines in general, and then discuss their structure, their isolation from biological materials, as well as the different methods to produce chemokines in the laboratory and finally we will present some examples of their functions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine Università della Svizzera italiana Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Collins PJ, McCully ML, Martínez-Muñoz L, Santiago C, Wheeldon J, Caucheteux S, Thelen S, Cecchinato V, Laufer JM, Purvanov V, Monneau YR, Lortat-Jacob H, Legler DF, Uguccioni M, Thelen M, Piguet V, Mellado M, Moser B. Epithelial chemokine CXCL14 synergizes with CXCL12 via allosteric modulation of CXCR4. FASEB J 2017; 31:3084-3097. [PMID: 28360196 PMCID: PMC5472405 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700013r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), is selective for CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), is broadly expressed in blood and tissue cells, and is essential during embryogenesis and hematopoiesis. CXCL14 is a homeostatic chemokine with unknown receptor selectivity and preferential expression in peripheral tissues. Here, we demonstrate that CXCL14 synergized with CXCL12 in the induction of chemokine responses in primary human lymphoid cells and cell lines that express CXCR4. Combining subactive concentrations of CXCL12 with 100–300 nM CXCL14 resulted in chemotaxis responses that exceeded maximal responses that were obtained with CXCL12 alone. CXCL14 did not activate CXCR4-expressing cells (i.e., failed to trigger chemotaxis and Ca2+ mobilization, as well as signaling via ERK1/2 and the small GTPase Rac1); however, CXCL14 bound to CXCR4 with high affinity, induced redistribution of cell-surface CXCR4, and enhanced HIV-1 infection by >3-fold. We postulate that CXCL14 is a positive allosteric modulator of CXCR4 that enhances the potency of CXCR4 ligands. Our findings provide new insights that will inform the development of novel therapeutics that target CXCR4 in a range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and HIV.—Collins, P. J., McCully, M. L., Martínez-Muñoz, L., Santiago, C., Wheeldon, J., Caucheteux, S., Thelen, S., Cecchinato, V., Laufer, J. M., Purvanov, V., Monneau, Y. R., Lortat-Jacob, H., Legler, D. F., Uguccioni, M., Thelen, M., Piguet, V., Mellado, M., Moser, B. Epithelial chemokine CXCL14 synergizes with CXCL12 via allosteric modulation of CXCR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L McCully
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Martínez-Muñoz
- Department Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Santiago
- Department Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - James Wheeldon
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Caucheteux
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cecchinato
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yoan R Monneau
- Institute de Biologie Structurale, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Grenoble, France
| | - Hugues Lortat-Jacob
- Institute de Biologie Structurale, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 5075, University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Mellado
- Department Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Legler DF, Matti C, Laufer JM, Jakobs BD, Purvanov V, Uetz-von Allmen E, Thelen M. Modulation of Chemokine Receptor Function by Cholesterol: New Prospects for Pharmacological Intervention. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:331-338. [PMID: 28082305 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are seven transmembrane-domain receptors belonging to class A of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The receptors together with their chemokine ligands constitute the chemokine system, which is essential for directing cell migration and plays a crucial role in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Given the importance of orchestrating cell migration, it is vital that chemokine receptor signaling is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate responses. Recent studies highlight a key role for cholesterol in modulating chemokine receptor activities. The steroid influences the spatial organization of GPCRs within the membrane bilayer, and consequently can tune chemokine receptor signaling. The effects of cholesterol on the organization and function of chemokine receptors and GPCRs in general include direct and indirect effects (Fig. 1). Here, we review how cholesterol and some key metabolites modulate functions of the chemokine system in multiple ways. We emphasize the role of cholesterol in chemokine receptor oligomerization, thereby promoting the formation of a signaling hub enabling integration of distinct signaling pathways at the receptor-membrane interface. Moreover, we discuss the role of cholesterol in stabilizing particular receptor conformations and its consequence for chemokine binding. Finally, we highlight how cholesterol accumulation, its deprivation, or cholesterol metabolites contribute to modulating cell orchestration during inflammation, induction of an adaptive immune response, as well as to dampening an anti-tumor immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L., B.D.J, V.P., E.U.A.); Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L); and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Christoph Matti
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L., B.D.J, V.P., E.U.A.); Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L); and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L., B.D.J, V.P., E.U.A.); Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L); and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Barbara D Jakobs
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L., B.D.J, V.P., E.U.A.); Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L); and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L., B.D.J, V.P., E.U.A.); Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L); and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L., B.D.J, V.P., E.U.A.); Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L); and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L., B.D.J, V.P., E.U.A.); Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany (D.F.L., C.M., J.M.L); and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Herrmann VL, Wieland DE, Legler DF, Wittmann V, Groettrup M. The STEAP1(262-270) peptide encapsulated into PLGA microspheres elicits strong cytotoxic T cell immunity in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice--A new approach to immunotherapy against prostate carcinoma. Prostate 2016; 76:456-68. [PMID: 26715028 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PLGA microsphere-based vaccination has been proven to be effective in immunotherapy of syngeneic model tumors in mice. The critical step for the translation to humans is the identification of immunogenic tumor antigens and potent vaccine formulations to overcome immune tolerance. METHODS HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice were immunized with eight different human prostate cancer peptide antigens co-encapsulated with TLR ligands into PLGA microspheres and analyzed for antigen-specific and functional cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. RESULTS Only vaccination with STEAP1(262-270) peptide encapsulated in PLGA MS could effectively crossprime CTLs in vivo. These CTLs recognized STEAP1(262-270) /HLA-A*0201 complexes on human dendritic cells and prostate cancer cell lines and specifically lysed target cells in vivo. Vaccination with PLGA microspheres was much more potent than with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that there exist great differences in the immunogenicity of human PCa peptide antigens despite comparable MHC class I binding characteristics. Immunogenic STEAP1(262-270) peptide encapsulated into PLGA microspheres however was able to induce vigorous and functional antigen-specific CTLs and therefore is a promising novel approach for immunotherapy against advanced stage prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Herrmann
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel E Wieland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Weitzenfeld P, Kossover O, Körner C, Meshel T, Wiemann S, Seliktar D, Legler DF, Ben-Baruch A. Chemokine axes in breast cancer: factors of the tumor microenvironment reshape the CCR7-driven metastatic spread of luminal-A breast tumors. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:1009-25. [PMID: 26936935 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0815-373r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine axes have been shown to mediate site-specific metastasis in breast cancer, but their relevance to different subtypes has been hardly addressed. Here, with the focus on the CCR7-CCL21 axis, patient datasets demonstrated that luminal-A tumors express relatively low CCR7 levels compared with more aggressive disease subtypes. Furthermore, lymph node metastasis was not associated with high CCR7 levels in luminal-A patients. The metastatic pattern of luminal-A breast tumors may be influenced by the way luminal-A tumor cells interpret signals provided by factors of the primary tumor microenvironment. Thus, CCR7-expressing human luminal-A cells were stimulated simultaneously by factors representing 3 tumor microenvironment arms typical of luminal-A tumors, hormonal, inflammatory, and growth stimulating: estrogen + TNF-α + epidermal growth factor. Such tumor microenvironment stimulation down-regulated the migration of CCR7-expressing tumor cells toward CCL21 and inhibited the formation of directional protrusions toward CCL21 in a novel 3-dimensional hydrogel system. CCL21-induced migration of CCR7-expressing tumor cells depended on PI3K and MAPK activation; however, when CCR7-expressing cancer cells were prestimulated by tumor microenvironment factors, CCL21 could not effectively activate these signaling pathways. In vivo, pre-exposure of the tumor cells to tumor microenvironment factors has put restraints on CCL21-mediated lymph node-homing cues and shifted the metastatic pattern of CCR7-expressing cells to the aggressive phenotype of dissemination to bones. Several of the aspects were also studied in the CXCR4-CXCL12 system, demonstrating similar patient and in vitro findings. Thus, we provide novel evidence to subtype-specific regulation of the CCR7-CCL21 axis, with more general implications to chemokine-dependent patterns of metastatic spread, revealing differential regulation in the luminal-A subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Weitzenfeld
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Kossover
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hauser MA, Kindinger I, Laufer JM, Späte AK, Bucher D, Vanes SL, Krueger WA, Wittmann V, Legler DF. Distinct CCR7 glycosylation pattern shapes receptor signaling and endocytosis to modulate chemotactic responses. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:993-1007. [PMID: 26819318 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2vma0915-432rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 and their common cognate chemokine receptor CCR7 orchestrate immune cell trafficking by eliciting distinct signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that human CCR7 is N-glycosylated on 2 specific residues in the N terminus and the third extracellular loop. Conceptually, CCR7 glycosylation adds steric hindrance to the receptor N terminus and extracellular loop 3, acting as a "swinging door" to regulate receptor sensitivity and cell migration. We found that freshly isolated human B cells, as well as expanded T cells, but not naïve T cells, express highly sialylated CCR7. Moreover, we identified that human dendritic cells imprint T cell migration toward CCR7 ligands by secreting enzymes that deglycosylate CCR7, thereby boosting CCR7 signaling on T cells, permitting enhanced T cell locomotion, while simultaneously decreasing receptor endocytosis. In addition, dendritic cells proteolytically convert immobilized CCL21 to a soluble form that is more potent in triggering chemotactic movement and does not desensitize the receptor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that soluble CCL21 functionally resembles neither the CCL19 nor the CCL21 phenotype but acts as a chemokine with unique features. Thus, we advance the concept of dendritic cell-dependent generation of micromilieus and lymph node conditioning by demonstrating a novel layer of CCR7 regulation through CCR7 sialylation. In summary, we demonstrate that leukocyte subsets express distinct patterns of CCR7 sialylation that contribute to receptor signaling and fine-tuning chemotactic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hauser
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ilona Kindinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Späte
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry/Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Delia Bucher
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sarah L Vanes
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry/Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Baschieri F, Uetz-von Allmen E, Legler DF, Farhan H. Loss of GM130 in breast cancer cells and its effects on cell migration, invasion and polarity. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1139-47. [PMID: 25892554 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1007771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially distinct pools of the small GTPase Cdc42 were observed, but the major focus of research so far has been to investigate its signaling at the plasma membrane. We recently showed that the Golgi pool of Cdc42 is relevant for cell polarity and that it is regulated by GM130, a Golgi matrix protein. Loss of GM130 abrogated cell polarity and consistent with the notion that polarity is frequently impaired in cancer, we found that GM130 is downregulated in colorectal cancer. Whether the loss of GM130 solely affects polarity, or whether it affects other processes relevant for tumorigenesis remains unclear. In a panel of breast cancer cells lines, we investigated the consequences of GM130 depletion on traits of relevance for tumor progression, such as survival, proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion. We show that cellular assays that depend on polarity, such as chemotaxis and wound scratch assays, are only of limited use to investigate the role of polarity modulators in cancer. Depletion of GM130 increases cellular velocity and increases the invasiveness of breast cancer cells, therefore supporting the view that alterations of polarity contribute to tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baschieri
- a Biotechnology Institute Thurgau; University of Konstanz ; Kreuzlingen , Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hauser MA, Legler DF. Common and biased signaling pathways of the chemokine receptor CCR7 elicited by its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 in leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:869-82. [PMID: 26729814 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2mr0815-380r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are pivotal regulators of cell migration during continuous immune surveillance, inflammation, homeostasis, and development. Chemokine binding to their 7-transmembrane domain, G-protein-coupled receptors causes conformational changes that elicit intracellular signaling pathways to acquire and maintain an asymmetric architectural organization and a polarized distribution of signaling molecules necessary for directional cell migration. Leukocytes rely on the interplay of chemokine-triggered migration modules to promote amoeboid-like locomotion. One of the most important chemokine receptors for adaptive immune cell migration is the CC-chemokine receptor CCR7. CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control homing of T cells and dendritic cells to areas of the lymph nodes where T cell priming and the initiation of the adaptive immune response occur. Moreover, CCR7 signaling also contributes to T cell development in the thymus and to lymphorganogenesis. Although the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 axis evolved to benefit the host, inappropriate regulation or use of these proteins can contribute or cause pathobiology of chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis, as well as autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it appears as the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 axis is tightly regulated at numerous intersections. Here, we discuss the multiple regulatory mechanism of CCR7 signaling and its influence on CCR7 function. In particular, we focus on the functional diversity of the 2 CCR7 ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, as well as on their impact on biased signaling. The understanding of the molecular determinants of biased signaling and the multiple layers of CCR7 regulation holds the promise for potential future therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hauser
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schachtner H, Weimershaus M, Stache V, Plewa N, Legler DF, Höpken UE, Maritzen T. Loss of Gadkin Affects Dendritic Cell Migration In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143883. [PMID: 26624014 PMCID: PMC4666629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration is crucial for the function of dendritic cells (DCs), which act as outposts of the immune system. Upon detection of pathogens, skin- and mucosa-resident DCs migrate to secondary lymphoid organs where they activate T cells. DC motility relies critically on the actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex, a nucleator of branched actin networks. Consequently, loss of ARP2/3 stimulators and upstream Rho family GTPases dramatically impairs DC migration. However, nothing is known yet about the relevance of ARP2/3 inhibitors for DC migration. We previously demonstrated that the AP-1-associated adaptor protein Gadkin inhibits ARP2/3 by sequestering it on intracellular vesicles. Consistent with a role of Gadkin in DC physiology, we here report Gadkin expression in bone marrow-derived DCs and show that its protein level and posttranslational modification are regulated upon LPS-induced DC maturation. DCs derived from Gadkin-deficient mice were normal with regards to differentiation and maturation, but displayed increased actin polymerization. While the actin-dependent processes of macropinocytosis and cell spreading were not affected, loss of Gadkin significantly impaired DC migration in vitro, however, in vivo DC migration was unperturbed suggesting the presence of compensatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schachtner
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology Section, Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjana Weimershaus
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology Section, Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Stache
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Plewa
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology Section, Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel F. Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Uta E. Höpken
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology Section, Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ackerknecht M, Hauser MA, Legler DF, Stein JV. In vivo TCR Signaling in CD4(+) T Cells Imprints a Cell-Intrinsic, Transient Low-Motility Pattern Independent of Chemokine Receptor Expression Levels, or Microtubular Network, Integrin, and Protein Kinase C Activity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:297. [PMID: 26106396 PMCID: PMC4459086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital imaging has revealed that T cells change their migratory behavior during physiological activation inside lymphoid tissue. Yet, it remains less well investigated how the intrinsic migratory capacity of activated T cells is regulated by chemokine receptor levels or other regulatory elements. Here, we used an adjuvant-driven inflammation model to examine how motility patterns corresponded with CCR7, CXCR4, and CXCR5 expression levels on ovalbumin-specific DO11.10 CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes. We found that while CCR7 and CXCR4 surface levels remained essentially unaltered during the first 48–72 h after activation of CD4+ T cells, their in vitro chemokinetic and directed migratory capacity to the respective ligands, CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL12, was substantially reduced during this time window. Activated T cells recovered from this temporary decrease in motility on day 6 post immunization, coinciding with increased migration to the CXCR5 ligand CXCL13. The transiently impaired CD4+ T cell motility pattern correlated with increased LFA-1 expression and augmented phosphorylation of the microtubule regulator Stathmin on day 3 post immunization, yet neither microtubule destabilization nor integrin blocking could reverse TCR-imprinted unresponsiveness. Furthermore, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition did not restore chemotactic activity, ruling out PKC-mediated receptor desensitization as mechanism for reduced migration in activated T cells. Thus, we identify a cell-intrinsic, chemokine receptor level-uncoupled decrease in motility in CD4+ T cells shortly after activation, coinciding with clonal expansion. The transiently reduced ability to react to chemokinetic and chemotactic stimuli may contribute to the sequestering of activated CD4+ T cells in reactive peripheral lymph nodes, allowing for integration of costimulatory signals required for full activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Hauser
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz , Kreuzlingen , Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz , Kreuzlingen , Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Maritzen T, Schachtner H, Legler DF. On the move: endocytic trafficking in cell migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2119-34. [PMID: 25681867 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is a fundamental process underlying diverse physiological and pathophysiological phenomena ranging from wound healing and induction of immune responses to cancer metastasis. Recent advances reveal that endocytic trafficking contributes to cell migration in multiple ways. (1) At the level of chemokines and chemokine receptors: internalization of chemokines by scavenger receptors is essential for shaping chemotactic gradients in tissue, whereas endocytosis of chemokine receptors and their subsequent recycling is key for maintaining a high responsiveness of migrating cells. (2) At the level of integrin trafficking and focal adhesion dynamics: endosomal pathways do not only modulate adhesion by delivering integrins to their site of action, but also by supplying factors for focal adhesion disassembly. (3) At the level of extracellular matrix reorganization: endosomal transport contributes to tumor cell migration not only by targeting integrins to invadosomes but also by delivering membrane type 1 matrix metalloprotease to the leading edge facilitating proteolysis-dependent chemotaxis. Consequently, numerous endocytic and endosomal factors have been shown to modulate cell migration. In fact key modulators of endocytic trafficking turn out to be also key regulators of cell migration. This review will highlight the recent progress in unraveling the contribution of cellular trafficking pathways to cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tillmann KD, Reiterer V, Baschieri F, Hoffmann J, Millarte V, Hauser MA, Mazza A, Atias N, Legler DF, Sharan R, Weiss M, Farhan H. Regulation of Sec16 levels and dynamics links proliferation and secretion. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:670-82. [PMID: 25526736 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.157115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We currently lack a broader mechanistic understanding of the integration of the early secretory pathway with other homeostatic processes such as cell growth. Here, we explore the possibility that Sec16A, a major constituent of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES), acts as an integrator of growth factor signaling. Surprisingly, we find that Sec16A is a short-lived protein that is regulated by growth factors in a manner dependent on Egr family transcription factors. We hypothesize that Sec16A acts as a central node in a coherent feed-forward loop that detects persistent growth factor stimuli to increase ERES number. Consistent with this notion, Sec16A is also regulated by short-term growth factor treatment that leads to increased turnover of Sec16A at ERES. Finally, we demonstrate that Sec16A depletion reduces proliferation, whereas its overexpression increases proliferation. Together with our finding that growth factors regulate Sec16A levels and its dynamics on ERES, we propose that this protein acts as an integrator linking growth factor signaling and secretion. This provides a mechanistic basis for the previously proposed link between secretion and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin D Tillmann
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Veronika Reiterer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Experimental Physics I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Valentina Millarte
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Mark A Hauser
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Arnon Mazza
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nir Atias
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Roded Sharan
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Matthias Weiss
- Experimental Physics I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Unterseestrasse 47, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Legler DF, Uetz-von Allmen E, Hauser MA. CCR7: roles in cancer cell dissemination, migration and metastasis formation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:78-82. [PMID: 25019368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) coordinates the migration of cancer cells as well as immune cells towards lymphatic organs where its two ligands CCL19 and CCL21 are constitutively expressed. Here we provide a topological model of CCR7, which belongs to the class A of G-protein coupled, seven-transmembrane spanning receptors, and describe how CCR7 expression is regulated. We focus on its role in cancer cell migration and metastasis formation and discuss how cancer cells can utilize CCR7 or its ligands to escape from immune surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| | - Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Hauser
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Weber M, Hauschild R, Schwarz J, Moussion C, de Vries I, Legler DF, Luther SA, Bollenbach T, Sixt M. Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients. Science 2013; 339:328-32. [PMID: 23329049 DOI: 10.1126/science.1228456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Directional guidance of cells via gradients of chemokines is considered crucial for embryonic development, cancer dissemination, and immune responses. Nevertheless, the concept still lacks direct experimental confirmation in vivo. Here, we identify endogenous gradients of the chemokine CCL21 within mouse skin and show that they guide dendritic cells toward lymphatic vessels. Quantitative imaging reveals depots of CCL21 within lymphatic endothelial cells and steeply decaying gradients within the perilymphatic interstitium. These gradients match the migratory patterns of the dendritic cells, which directionally approach vessels from a distance of up to 90-micrometers. Interstitial CCL21 is immobilized to heparan sulfates, and its experimental delocalization or swamping the endogenous gradients abolishes directed migration. These findings functionally establish the concept of haptotaxis, directed migration along immobilized gradients, in tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Weber
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|