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Wong DCP, Ding JL. The mechanobiology of NK cells- 'Forcing NK to Sense' target cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188860. [PMID: 36791921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that recognize and kill cancer and infected cells, which makes them unique 'off-the-shelf' candidates for a new generation of immunotherapies. Biomechanical forces in homeostasis and pathophysiology accrue additional immune regulation for NK immune responses. Indeed, cellular and tissue biomechanics impact NK receptor clustering, cytoskeleton remodeling, NK transmigration through endothelial cells, nuclear mechanics, and even NK-dendritic cell interaction, offering a plethora of unexplored yet important dynamic regulation for NK immunotherapy. Such events are made more complex by the heterogeneity of human NK cells. A significant question remains on whether and how biochemical and biomechanical cues collaborate for NK cell mechanotransduction, a process whereby mechanical force is sensed, transduced, and translated to downstream mechanical and biochemical signalling. Herein, we review recent advances in understanding how NK cells perceive and mechanotransduce biophysical cues. We focus on how the cellular cytoskeleton crosstalk regulates NK cell function while bearing in mind the heterogeneity of NK cells, the direct and indirect mechanical cues for NK anti-tumor activity, and finally, engineering advances that are of translational relevance to NK cell biology at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Chen Pei Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
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Pineau J, Moreau H, Duménil AML, Pierobon P. Polarity in immune cells. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:197-222. [PMID: 37100518 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells are responsible for pathogen detection and elimination, as well as for signaling to other cells the presence of potential danger. In order to mount an efficient immune response, they need to move and search for a pathogen, interact with other cells, and diversify the population by asymmetric cell division. All these actions are regulated by cell polarity: cell polarity controls cell motility, which is crucial for scanning peripheral tissues to detect pathogens, and recruiting immune cells to sites of infection; immune cells, in particular lymphocytes, communicate with each other by a direct contact called immunological synapse, which entails a global polarization of the cell and plays a role in activating lymphocyte response; finally, immune cells divide asymmetrically from a precursor, generating a diversity of phenotypes and cell types among daughter cells, such as memory and effector cells. This review aims at providing an overview from both biology and physics perspectives of how cell polarity shapes the main immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pineau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Moreau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France
| | | | - Paolo Pierobon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France.
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Lagos J, Sagadiev S, Diaz J, Bozo JP, Guzman F, Stefani C, Zanlungo S, Acharya M, Yuseff MI. Autophagy Induced by Toll-like Receptor Ligands Regulates Antigen Extraction and Presentation by B Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233883. [PMID: 36497137 PMCID: PMC9741325 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The engagement of B cells with surface-tethered antigens triggers the formation of an immune synapse (IS), where the local secretion of lysosomes can facilitate antigen uptake. Lysosomes intersect with other intracellular processes, such as Toll-like Receptor (TLR) signaling and autophagy coordinating immune responses. However, the crosstalk between these processes and antigen presentation remains unclear. Here, we show that TLR stimulation induces autophagy in B cells and decreases their capacity to extract and present immobilized antigens. We reveal that TLR stimulation restricts lysosome repositioning to the IS by triggering autophagy-dependent degradation of GEF-H1, a Rho GTP exchange factor required for stable lysosome recruitment at the synaptic membrane. GEF-H1 degradation is not observed in B cells that lack αV integrins and are deficient in TLR-induced autophagy. Accordingly, these cells show efficient antigen extraction in the presence of TLR stimulation, confirming the role of TLR-induced autophagy in limiting antigen extraction. Overall, our results suggest that resources associated with autophagy regulate TLR and BCR-dependent functions, which can finetune antigen uptake by B cells. This work helps to understand the mechanisms by which B cells are activated by surface-tethered antigens in contexts of subjacent inflammation before antigen recognition, such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lagos
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Center of Immunology and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sara Sagadiev
- Center of Immunology and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jheimmy Diaz
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Bozo
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzman
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Caroline Stefani
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Center of Immunology and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Yuseff
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Music A, Tejeda-González B, Cunha DM, Fischer von Mollard G, Hernández-Pérez S, Mattila PK. The SNARE protein Vti1b is recruited to the sites of BCR activation but is redundant for antigen internalisation, processing and presentation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:987148. [PMID: 36111340 PMCID: PMC9468668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.987148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to fulfil the special requirements of antigen-specific activation and communication with other immune cells, B lymphocytes require finely regulated endosomal vesicle trafficking. How the endosomal machinery is regulated in B cells remains largely unexplored. In our previous proximity proteomic screen, we identified the SNARE protein Vti1b as one of the strongest candidates getting accumulated to the sites of early BCR activation. In this report, we follow up on this finding and investigate the localisation and function of Vti1b in B cells. We found that GFP-fused Vti1b was concentrated at the Golgi complex, around the MTOC, as well as in the Rab7+ lysosomal vesicles in the cell periphery. Upon BCR activation with soluble antigen, Vti1b showed partial localization to the internalized antigen vesicles, especially in the periphery of the cell. Moreover, upon BCR activation using surface-bound antigen, Vti1b polarised to the immunological synapse, colocalising with the Golgi complex, and with lysosomes at actin foci. To test for a functional role of Vti1b in early B cell activation, we used primary B cells isolated from Vit1b-deficient mouse. However, we found no functional defects in BCR signalling, immunological synapse formation, or processing and presentation of the internalized antigen, suggesting that the loss of Vti1b in B cells could be compensated by its close homologue Vti1a or other SNAREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Music
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Blanca Tejeda-González
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Diogo M. Cunha
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Sara Hernández-Pérez
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Sara Hernández-Pérez, ; Pieta K. Mattila,
| | - Pieta K. Mattila
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Sara Hernández-Pérez, ; Pieta K. Mattila,
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Li Y, Chen M, Chang W. Roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:771-783. [PMID: 35916042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0622-473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes patrol our bodies in search of pathogens and migrate to sites of injury in response to various stimuli. Rapid and directed leukocyte motility is therefore crucial to our immunity. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest cellular organelle and a mechanical obstacle for migration through constrictions. However, the nucleus is also essential for 3D cell migration. Here, we review the roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration, focusing on how cells deform their nuclei to aid cell motility and the contributions of the nucleus to cell migration. We discuss the regulation of the nuclear biomechanics by the nuclear lamina and how it, together with the cytoskeleton, modulates the shapes of leukocyte nuclei. We then summarize the functions of nesprins and SUN proteins in leukocytes and discuss how forces are exerted on the nucleus. Finally, we examine the mechanical roles of the nucleus in cell migration, including its roles in regulating the direction of migration and path selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mengqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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