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Kelkar NS, Goldberg BS, Dufloo J, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Hessell AJ, Ackerman ME. Sex- and species-associated differences in complement-mediated immunity in humans and rhesus macaques. mBio 2024; 15:e0028224. [PMID: 38385704 PMCID: PMC10936177 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00282-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system can be viewed as a "moderator" of innate immunity, "instructor" of humoral immunity, and "regulator" of adaptive immunity. While sex is known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, its impact on complement in humans and rhesus macaques, a commonly used non-human primate model system, has not been well studied. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed serum samples from 90 humans and 72 rhesus macaques for the abundance and activity of the complement system components. While sequences of cascade proteins were highly conserved, dramatically different levels were observed between species. Whereas the low levels detected in rhesus samples raised questions about the suitability of the test for use with macaque samples, differences in levels of complement proteins were observed in male and female humans. Levels of total and antibody-dependent deposition of C1q and C3b on a glycosylated antigen differed between humans and rhesus, suggesting differential recognition of glycans and balance between classical and alternative activation pathways. Functional differences in complement-mediated lysis of antibody-sensitized cells were observed in multiple assays and showed that human females frequently exhibited higher lytic activity than human males or rhesus macaques, which typically did not exhibit such sex-associated differences. Other differences between species and sexes were observed in more narrow contexts-for only certain antibodies, antigens, or assays. Collectively, these results expand knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans, identifying differences absent from rhesus macaques.IMPORTANCEThe complement system is a critical part of host defense to many bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. In parallel, rich epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical research evidence demonstrates that sex is an important biological variable in immunity, and many sex-specific differences in immune system are intimately tied with disease outcomes. This study focuses on the intersection of these two factors to define the impact of sex on complement pathway components and activities. This work expands our knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans and also identifies the differences that appear to be absent in rhesus macaques, a popular non-human primate model. Whereas differences between species suggest potential limitations in the ability of macaque model to recapitulate human biology, knowledge of sex-based differences in humans has the potential to inform clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S. Kelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Zeng J, Jiang X, Jiang M, Cao Y, Jiang Y. Bioinformatics analysis of hub genes as osteoarthritis prognostic biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22894. [PMID: 38129488 PMCID: PMC10739719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive cartilage degradation disease, concomitant with synovitis, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis. Over 37% of the elderly population is affected by OA, and the number of cases is increasing as the global population ages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and analyze the hub genes of OA combining with comprehensive bioinformatics analysis tools to provide theoretical basis in further OA effective therapies. Two sample sets of GSE46750 contained 12 pairs OA synovial membrane and normal samples harvested from patients as well as GSE98918 including 12 OA and non-OA patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Gene Expression Omnibus 2R (GEO2R), followed by functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction networks construction. The hub genes were identified and evaluated. An OA rat model was constructed, hematoxylin and eosin staining, safranin O/fast green staining, cytokines concentrations of serum were used to verify the model. The hub genes expression level in the knee OA samples were verified using RT-qPCR. The top 20 significantly up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs were screened out from the two datasets, respectively. The top 18 GO terms and 10 KEGG pathways were enriched. Eight hub genes were identified, namely MS4A6A, C1QB, C1QC, CD74, CSF1R, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DRA and ITGB2. Among them, the hub genes were all up-regulated in in vivo OA rat model, compared with healthy controls. The eight hub genes identified (MS4A6A, C1QB, C1QC, CD74, CSF1R, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DRA and ITGB2) were shown to be associated with OA. These genes can serve as disease markers to discriminate OA patients from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yugan County Hospital, No. 1, Mianshan Avenue, Yugan County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, 335100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics 10th, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 445, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexia Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People's Republic of China.
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Baldwin SN, Jepps TA, Greenwood IA. Cycling matters: Sex hormone regulation of vascular potassium channels. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2217637. [PMID: 37243715 PMCID: PMC10228406 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2217637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones and the reproductive cycle (estrus in rodents and menstrual in humans) have a known impact on arterial function. In spite of this, sex hormones and the estrus/menstrual cycle are often neglected experimental factors in vascular basic preclinical scientific research. Recent research by our own laboratory indicates that cyclical changes in serum concentrations of sex -hormones across the rat estrus cycle, primary estradiol, have significant consequences for the subcellular trafficking and function of KV. Vascular potassium channels, including KV, are essential components of vascular reactivity. Our study represents a small part of a growing field of literature aimed at determining the role of sex hormones in regulating arterial ion channel function. This review covers key findings describing the current understanding of sex hormone regulation of vascular potassium channels, with a focus on KV channels. Further, we highlight areas of research where the estrus cycle should be considered in future studies to determine the consequences of physiological oscillations in concentrations of sex hormones on vascular potassium channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London, London, UK
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Liu M, Haque N, Huang J, Zhai G. Osteoarthritis year in review 2023: metabolite and protein biomarkers. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1437-1453. [PMID: 37611797 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight the advances over the past year in metabolite/protein biomarkers for osteoarthritis (OA). METHOD A literature search of five databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Embase was performed for studies on metabolite/protein/peptide/biochemical markers for OA published between April 1st, 2022 and March 31st, 2023. Records were then screened to include only original research articles using directly collected human specimens, in English language, and with full text available. Data from eligible studies were systematically extracted and summarized. RESULTS A total of 1600 unique records were extracted, out of which 46 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used for data extraction. Forty-one of these 46 studies focused on biomarkers for OA/OA severity/progression, four on OA clustering, and one on OA treatment outcomes. Twenty-nine studied protein markers for OA, thirteen studied metabolite markers, and four studied both. While many studies were the validation of the previously reported biomarkers, a number of novel metabolite/protein biomarkers and biomarker panels were reported in the past year. Biomarker panels might be useful to subset OA patients. CONCLUSION The number of studies on OA clustering is rising. Although validation in larger cohorts is needed in order to utilize reported biomarkers in clinical practice, these discoveries help better understand the pathogenesis of OA, provide insights into possible mechanisms underlying poor treatment outcomes, and aid in developing personalized treatment based on OA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Nafiza Haque
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
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Kelkar NS, Goldberg BS, Dufloo J, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Hessell AJ, Ackerman ME. Sex and species associated differences in Complement-mediated immunity in Humans and Rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563614. [PMID: 37961263 PMCID: PMC10634758 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system can be viewed as a 'moderator' of innate immunity, 'instructor' of humoral immunity, and 'regulator' of adaptive immunity. While sex and aging are known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, their impact on the complement pathway in humans and rhesus macaques, a commonly used non-human primate model system, have not been well-studied. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed serum samples from 90 humans and 75 rhesus macaques for the abundance and activity of the complement system components. While sequences of cascade proteins were highly conserved, dramatically different levels were observed between species. Whereas the low levels detected in rhesus samples raised questions about the suitability of the test, differences in levels of complement proteins were observed in male and female humans. Levels of total and antibody-dependent deposition of C1q and C3b on a glycosylated antigen differed between human and rhesus, suggesting differential recognition of glycans. Functional differences in complement-mediated lysis of antibody-sensitized cells were observed in multiple assays and showed that human females frequently exhibited higher lytic activity than human males or rhesus macaques, which typically did not exhibit such sexual dimorphism. Other differences between species and sexes were observed in more narrow contexts-for only certain antibodies, antigens, or assays. Collectively, these results expand our knowledge of sexual dimorphism in the complement system in humans, identifying differences that appear to be absent from rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S. Kelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Goldberg
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Present Address: Metaphore Biotechnologies Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Present Address: Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat da Valencia-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 9400 Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 9400 Créteil, France
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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Liu B, Xu HY, Zhang R, Han L, Li Y, Sun XF. An Update on Clinical Utility of Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography in Knee Osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:1413-1422. [PMID: 36715025 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In knee osteoarthritis (KOA), timely and accurate assessment of the severity is essential to help orthopedic surgeons determine the most appropriate therapeutic strategies and evaluate disease outcomes and responses for corresponding treatments. In KOA, musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) could effectively help detect various abnormalities, including synovitis, osteophytes, and cartilage damage. Further, MSUS could be used to monitor the response to different therapies in KOA, to guide local diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In the future, applications based on continuously evolving US tools could enhance the clinical utility of MSUS in KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Cadre's Wards Ultrasound Diagnostics,Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui-Ying Xu
- Department of Cadre's Wards Ultrasound Diagnostics,Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cadre's Wards Ultrasound Diagnostics,Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Cadre's Wards Ultrasound Diagnostics,Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Cadre's Wards Ultrasound Diagnostics,Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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