1
|
Guo J, Rohokale R, Kundu S, Guo Z. Monophosphoryl Lipid A-2,4-Dinitrophenylamine Conjugates Are Potent Adjuvants for Carbohydrate and Protein Vaccines. JACS AU 2025; 5:2210-2222. [PMID: 40443885 PMCID: PMC12117460 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.5c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Revised: 04/23/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025]
Abstract
Adjuvants are essential for effective vaccine formulation, but currently only a few adjuvants with limited efficacies and application scopes are available. To address this issue, we explored covalent conjugates of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and 2,4-dinitrophenylamine (DNPA) as a new type of adjuvant. Immunological studies in mice prove that MPLA-DNPA conjugates can help a model vaccine induce robust IgG antibody and adaptive immune responses against carbohydrate and protein antigens and are much more potent adjuvants than alumthe positive controland the MPLA + DNPA mixture. Detailed profiling and comparison of the cytokines/chemokines elicited by various adjuvants suggest that the MPLA-DNPA conjugates can activate macrophages, monocytes, dendritic, T, T helper, and other immune cells to promote cellular immunity against vaccines. The results suggest a synergistic effect of covalently linked MPLA and DNPA, which act via interacting with the Toll-like receptor and recruiting endogenous anti-DNPA antibodies, respectively. Moreover, the linker between MPLA and DNPA shows a major impact on this synergistic effect, especially for the carbohydrate antigen. Eventually, the MPLA-DNPA conjugate with a longer linker containing a triazole moiety is identified as a promising adjuvant for both carbohydrate and protein vaccines worthy of further research and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
| | - Rajendra Rohokale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
| | - Sayan Kundu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
- UF
Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lai L, Wu C, Li X, Rong Y, Huang Y, Wang B. Urinary MCP-1 and VCAM-1 as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and activity assessment of lupus nephritis. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0323334. [PMID: 40388387 PMCID: PMC12088007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) and effective assessment of its disease activity are essential for optimal management. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of novel urinary biomarkers, MCP-1 and VCAM-1, in diagnosing and assessing LN activity, comparing their efficacy to traditional urinary biomarkers, and proposing a new standard for clinical application. METHODS A total of 55 LN patients who met the 1997 ACR diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The LN patients were categorized into two groups based on their SLE disease activity indices (SLEDAI): the inactive lupus nephritis (NALN) group (SLEDAI 0-4, n = 32) and the active lupus nephritis (ALN) group (renal SLEDAI ≥ 4, n = 22). Additionally, the patients were further classified into mild (SLEDAI 5-9), moderate (SLEDAI 10-14), and severe (SLEDAI > 14) subgroups. All LN patients underwent testing for urinary MCP-1 (uMCP-1), urinary VCAM-1 (uVCAM-1), urinary α1-microglobulin (u-α1MG), urinary β2-microglobulin (u-β2MG), urinary IgG (u-IgG), and urinary albumin (u-ALB), as well as a percutaneous renal biopsy. RESULTS The levels of urinary MCP-1 and VCAM-1 (uMCP-1 and uVCAM-1) in the LN group were significantly elevated compared to the HCs (uMCP-1: P < 0.001; uVCAM-1: P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the diagnostic efficacy of uMCP-1 and uVCAM-1 surpassed that of traditional biomarkers (uMCP-1: AUC = 0.79, P < 0.001; uVCAM-1: AUC = 0.77, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between uMCP-1 and uVCAM-1 levels and the occurrence of LN (P < 0.001). Furthermore, these novel biomarkers exhibited stronger correlations with SLEDAI scores than traditional biomarkers (P < 0.001). Notably, patients with ALN had significantly higher levels of uMCP-1 and uVCAM-1 compared to those with NALN (uMCP-1: P < 0.01; uVCAM-1: P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The production of uMCP-1 and uVCAM-1 is closely associated with the onset and progression of LN (ISN/RPS: Class I - IV). These biomarkers may serve as valuable references for the diagnosis and prediction of LN and aid in the assessment of LN activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Lai
- Department of Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunle Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Rong
- Department of Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bangqin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bahaabadi ZJ, Javid-Naderi MJ, Kesharwani P, Karav S, Sahebkar A. A Review on Biosensors for Quantification of MCP-1 as a Potential Biomarker in Diseases. Immunology 2025. [PMID: 40365864 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as a chemokine is essential for inflammation-related processes. It regulates immunological responses and cell migration, which contribute to inflammation. Many disorders are exacerbated by this chemokine, which attracts or grows other inflammatory cells, including monocytes/macrophages, at the site of infection or tissue injury. The elevated concentrations of MCP-1 are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and neuroinflammatory disease. Therefore, monitoring this inflammatory biomarker in the body has been recommended and strongly advised to make an accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Although MCP-1 is of great importance in disease processes, few biosensing approaches are specifically designed to detect this molecule. These are often electrochemical and optical techniques. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of inflammatory diseases by identifying biomarkers has had a great effect on the advancement of biosensors. Improved biosensor technology expansion prevents excessive prices and low sensitivity, enabling quick and correct diagnosis and tracking of disease processes. This review will concentrate on the biological functions of MCP-1, its significance in different disorders, and the features and applications of biosensors designed for MCP-1 detection and quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jamalizadeh Bahaabadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Javid-Naderi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alobaidi S. Emerging Biomarkers and Advanced Diagnostics in Chronic Kidney Disease: Early Detection Through Multi-Omics and AI. Diagnostics (Basel) 2025; 15:1225. [PMID: 40428218 PMCID: PMC12110191 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2025] [Revised: 05/03/2025] [Accepted: 05/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a significant global health burden, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the limitations of traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This review aims to critically evaluate recent advancements in novel biomarkers, multi-omics technologies, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnostic strategies, specifically addressing existing gaps in early CKD detection and personalized patient management. We specifically explore key advancements in CKD diagnostics, focusing on emerging biomarkers-including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and cystatin C-and their clinical applications. Additionally, multi-omics approaches integrating genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics are reshaping disease classification and prognosis. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven predictive models further enhance diagnostic accuracy, enabling real-time risk assessment and treatment optimization. Despite these innovations, challenges remain in biomarker standardization, large-scale validation, and integration into clinical practice. Future research should focus on refining multi-biomarker panels, improving assay standardization, and facilitating the clinical adoption of precision-driven diagnostics. By leveraging these advancements, CKD diagnostics can transition toward earlier intervention, individualized therapy, and improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Alobaidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren Y, Chen Y, Zheng W, Kong W, Liao Y, Zhang J, Wang M, Zeng T. The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on circulating inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025. [PMID: 40230207 DOI: 10.1111/dom.16366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the antidiabetic agent glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can exert anti-inflammatory effects while lowering blood glucose, we performed a meta-analysis and systematic review. METHODS We searched 4 online databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and the Web of Science) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined changes after GLP-1RAs intervention in commonly accepted biomarkers of inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), leptin, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). RESULTS This meta-analysis included 52 eligible RCTs (n = 4734) with a median follow-up of 24 weeks, a mean age of 54.13 years, 44.46% females, body mass index (BMI) 29.80 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 8.28% and diabetes duration 7.27 years. GLP-1 RAs treatment, compared to placebo or conventional diabetes therapies (including oral medicine and insulin), resulted in significant reductions in CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and leptin (standard mean difference [SMD] -0.63 [-1.03, -0.23]; SMD -0.92 [-1.57, -0.27]; SMD -0.76 [-1.32, -0.20], SMD -3.89 [-6.56, -1.22], SMD -0.67 [-1.09, -0.26], respectively), as well as significant increases in adiponectin (SMD 0.69 [0.19, 1.19]). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrates that GLP-1 RAs exert significant anti-inflammatory effects in patients with T2DM. Our findings provide important insights that may guide the therapeutic application of GLP-1 RAs and inform the development of related therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Xiao L, Zhang Y, Li Z. L-shaped correlation between serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration and urinary albumin creatinine ratio in females: a cross-sectional survey. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2025; 16:1438695. [PMID: 40196454 PMCID: PMC11973102 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1438695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a vital acute phase reactant that increases when glomerular filtration is impaired, making it a potential biomarker of kidney disease. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is a sensitive indicator of proteinuria and is frequently used to screen for kidney disease in its early stage. The aim of this study was to explore their correlation in order to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying kidney damage. Methods This study included 2579 female participants with serum AGP and UACR from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018). We divided all participants equally into three groups based on their serum AGP concentration. The univariate and multivariate regression models were for assessing the correlation between AGP and UACR. Subgroup analyses were then performed to explore the effect of each covariate on the correlation. Smoothing splines was utilized to explore their nonlinear correlation and identify thresholds within it. Results After adjusting for multivariate models, AGP was significantly and positively associated with UACR (p<0.0001). The study identified a specific cohort of non-Hispanic Black individuals under 20 years of age, characterized by a BMI below 25 kg/m² and a waist circumference of 80 cm or more. Within this cohort, those with hypertension and sleep disorders but without hypercholesterolemia or diabetes exhibited significantly higher UACR (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we discovered an L-shaped correlation between serum AGP concentration and UACR. Specifically, when the serum AGP concentration was less than 140 mg/dL, the UACR plateaued. Conclusions This study is the first to address the correlation between serum AGP and UACR and found an L-shaped correlation with a threshold of 140 mg/dl. This could be a target for intervention to reduce the risk of kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- School of Health Management Policy, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang K, Pan Y, Pu D, Shi L, Xu X, Bai M, Gong X, Guo J, Li M. Kidney transplantation in Lupus Nephritis: a comprehensive review of challenges and strategies. BMC Surg 2025; 25:112. [PMID: 40121458 PMCID: PMC11929324 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-025-02832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), significantly impacting patient outcomes. Despite advances in immunosuppressive therapies, many patients progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and kidney transplantation becomes essential for improving survival. However, the unique characteristics of autoimmune diseases make the timing of kidney transplantation and post-transplant management challenging. This review evaluates authoritative guidelines and recent studies to identify optimal timing for kidney transplantation and effective pre- and post-transplant management measures for patients with LN. RECENT FINDINGS: Advancements in immunosuppressive therapies, including calcineurin inhibitors, Voclosporin, and biologic agents such as belimumab, have significantly improved LN management. Emerging biomarkers, such as urinary MCP-1 and BAFF, offer promising tools for monitoring LN activity and predicting recurrence risk post-transplantation. Current guidelines emphasize the importance of achieving disease quiescence before transplantation, while new evidence supports the benefits of preemptive transplantation and personalized immunosuppressive regimens in improving patient and graft survival. This review highlights the latest evidence and strategies for optimizing kidney transplantation outcomes in LN patients, focusing on timing, immunosuppression, and disease monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China.
| | - Yongsheng Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Dan Pu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Minfeng Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Xiaqiong Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, No. 1228 Peking Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Šoša I, Labinac L, Perković M. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Induced by Microplastics: An Endpoint in the Liver-Eye Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:2837. [PMID: 40243419 PMCID: PMC11989125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26072837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2025] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
There is a significant, rather than just anecdotal, connection between the liver and the eyes. This connection is evident in noticeable cases such as jaundice, where the sclera has a yellow tint. But this can be seen through even more subtle indicators, such as molecules known as hepatokines. This relationship is not merely anecdotal; in some studies, it is referred to as the "liver-eye axis". Ubiquitous environmental contaminants, such as microplastics (MPs), can enter the bloodstream and human body through the conjunctival sac, nasolacrimal duct, and upper respiratory tract mucosa. Once absorbed, these substances can accumulate in various organs and cause harm. Toxic substances from the surface of the eye can lead to local oxidative damage by inducing apoptosis in corneal and conjunctival cells, and irregularly shaped microparticles can exacerbate this effect. Even other toxicants from the ocular surface may be absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body. Environmental toxicology presents a challenge because many pollutants can enter the body through the same ocular route as that used by certain medications. Previous research has indicated that the accumulation of MPs may play a major role in the development of chronic liver disease in humans. It is crucial to investigate whether the buildup of MPs in the liver is a potential cause of fibrosis, or simply a consequence of conditions such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Šoša
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Loredana Labinac
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, General Hospital Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia; (L.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Manuela Perković
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, General Hospital Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia; (L.L.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carbajal C, Rodriguez M, Owens F, Stone N, Veeragoni D, Fan RZ, Tieu K, El-Hage N. Therapeutic Efficacy of Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with ROCK Inhibitor in Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2025; 17:365. [PMID: 40143028 PMCID: PMC11944340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a rapidly growing neurological disorder in the developed world, affecting millions over the age of 60. The decline in motor functions occurs due to a progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, resulting in lowered dopamine levels and impaired muscle function. Studies show defective mitochondrial autophagy (or "mitophagy") links to PD. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases (ROCK) 1 and ROCK2 are serine/threonine kinases, and their inhibition can enhance neuroprotection in PD by promoting mitophagy. Methods: We examine the effects of ROCK inhibitor SR3677, delivered via macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) to Parkin Q311X(A) PD mouse models. sEVs with SR3677, administered intranasally, increased mitophagy gene expression, reduced inflammatory factors, and elevated dopamine levels in brain tissues. Results: ROCK2 expression decreased, showing the drug's inhibitory effect. sEV-SR3677 treatment was more effective than treatment with the drug alone, although sham EVs showed lower effects. This suggests that EV-SR3677 not only activates mitochondrial processes but also promotes the degradation of damaged mitochondria through autophagy. Mitochondrial functional assays and oxygen consumption in ex vivo glial cultures revealed that sEV-SR3677 significantly improved mitochondrial respiration compared to that in untreated or SR3677-only treated cells. Conclusion: We demonstrated the efficacy of ROCK2 inhibition on mitochondrial function via sEV-SR3677 in the PD mouse model, necessitating further studies to explore design challenges and mechanisms of sEV-SR3677 as mitochondria-targeted therapy for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candy Carbajal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (C.C.); (M.R.); (F.O.); (N.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (C.C.); (M.R.); (F.O.); (N.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Florida Owens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (C.C.); (M.R.); (F.O.); (N.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Nicole Stone
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (C.C.); (M.R.); (F.O.); (N.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Dileepkumar Veeragoni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (C.C.); (M.R.); (F.O.); (N.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Rebecca Z. Fan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (R.Z.F.); (K.T.)
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (R.Z.F.); (K.T.)
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (C.C.); (M.R.); (F.O.); (N.S.); (D.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang H, Lv J, Zheng Y, Li D, Li Y. The Diagnostic Value of Serum MCP-1 Combined with OPN Detection for Early Renal Injury in Gout Patients. Int J Gen Med 2025; 18:1423-1429. [PMID: 40092454 PMCID: PMC11910032 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s508220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the changes in serum Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and Osteopontin (OPN) in gout patients and their diagnostic value for early renal injury. Methods In this research, 174 gout patients (January 2022-October 2024) were divided into the early renal injury group (50 cases) and non-early renal injury group (124 cases). Additionally, 169 healthy individuals were included as controls. Clinical indicators such as serum creatinine, cystatin C (CysC), and GFR were recorded. MCP-1 and OPN levels were measured using ELISA. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze relationships; Logit regression was applied to identify influencing factors, and ROC curves assessed diagnostic value, with AUC comparisons via Z-test. Results Serum MCP-1 and OPN levels were significantly higher in the gout group compared to controls (P<0.05) and further elevated in the early renal injury group (P<0.05). MCP-1 and OPN correlated positively with creatinine and CysC and negatively with GFR (P<0.05). Logit regression identified MCP-1 (OR: 2.765, 95% CI: 1.308-5.846) and OPN (OR: 3.019, 95% CI: 1.468-6.210) as independent risk factors (P<0.05). The AUC for diagnosing early renal injury was 0.775 (MCP-1), 0.827 (OPN), and 0.938 (combined), with the combination significantly outperforming either marker alone (Z=3.075, 2.273, P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of serum MCP-1 and OPN in gout patients has a higher diagnostic value for early renal injury, it is obviously higher than the individual diagnosis of each indicator, and demonstrates significant clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Chang
- Rheumatology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lv
- Rheumatology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglin Zheng
- Endocrinology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Rheumatology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Endocrinology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Shi H, Yang Y, Gong X. Crosstalk between ferroptosis and innate immune in diabetic kidney disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1505794. [PMID: 40092979 PMCID: PMC11906378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1505794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and its incidence is increasing alongside the number of diabetes cases. Effective treatment and long-term management of DKD present significant challenges; thus, a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis is essential to address this issue. Chronic inflammation and abnormal cell death in the kidney closely associate with DKD development. Recently, there has been considerable attention focused on immune cell infiltration into renal tissues and its inflammatory response's role in disease progression. Concurrently, ferroptosis-a novel form of cell death-has emerged as a critical factor in DKD pathogenesis, leading to increased glomerular filtration permeability, proteinuria, tubular injury, interstitial fibrosis, and other pathological processes. The cardiorenal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) in DKD patients have been demonstrated through numerous large clinical trials. Moreover, further exploratory experiments indicate these drugs may ameliorate serum and urinary markers of inflammation, such as TNF-α, and inhibit ferroptosis in DKD models. Consequently, investigating the interplay between ferroptosis and innate immune and inflammatory responses in DKD is essential for guiding future drug development. This review presents an overview of ferroptosis within the context of DKD, beginning with its core mechanisms and delving into its potential roles in DKD progression. We will also analyze how aberrant innate immune cells, molecules, and signaling pathways contribute to disease progression. Finally, we discuss the interactions between ferroptosis and immune responses, as well as targeted therapeutic agents, based on current evidence. By analyzing the interplay between ferroptosis and innate immunity alongside its inflammatory responses in DKD, we aim to provide insights for clinical management and drug development in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Integrative, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haonan Shi
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Geriatric Integrative, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueli Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdeen AM, Al-Nusair J, Samardali M, Alshal M, Al-Astal A, Khitan Z. Complement-Mediated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Due to MCP/CD46 Mutation: A Case Report. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2025; 13:23247096251316364. [PMID: 39871416 PMCID: PMC11773514 DOI: 10.1177/23247096251316364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a severe condition characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and end-organ damage, often involving the kidneys. Complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (cHUS), a rare form of TMA, arises from dysregulated alternative complement pathway activation, frequently due to genetic mutations. We report the case of a 23-year-old male presenting with TMA secondary to a heterozygous mutation in the membrane cofactor protein (MCP/CD46) gene. The patient exhibited severe renal and cardiovascular complications, including acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis, uremic pericarditis, and persistent anemia. Diagnostic evaluation confirmed complement dysregulation, and management with eculizumab, plasmapheresis, and hemodialysis was initiated. Renal biopsy revealed classic TMA features, and genetic testing identified the MCP mutation, underscoring the importance of genetic predispositions in guiding diagnosis and therapy. This case emphasizes the critical role of genetic testing in TMA evaluation and highlights the potential for improved outcomes through targeted complement inhibition and individualized care strategies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Duan Y, Wang Q, Chen X, Deng G, Huang K, Sun F, Zhu J, Jiang K. Empagliflozin reduces renal calcium oxalate deposition in hyperoxaluria rats induced with ethylene glycol-ammonium chloride. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 737:150912. [PMID: 39489113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
A retrospective study reported that empagliflozin reduced the risk of urinary stone events in patients with diabetes mellitus. To further investigate empagliflozin's potential, we conducted an animal experiment to determine whether empagliflozin can prevent renal stone formation in hyperoxaluria rats. Hyperoxaluria rat models were constructed by administrating 0.75 % ethylene glycol and 1 % ammonium chloride in water. The empagliflozin-treated rats were gauged with empagliflozin at different concentrations, and their body weight and blood sugar data were recorded. After 30 days of treatment, we obtained 24-h urine, kidney, and blood samples. The urine samples were subjected to component detection. Blood samples were prepared for component detection and cytokines detection. Renal samples were subjected to von Kossa staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptome sequencing analysis. Results showed that in empagliflozin-treated hyperoxaluria rats, renal crystal deposition and mitochondria injury, urinary concentration, and excretion of oxalate were significantly decreased. Additionally, plasma levels of VEGF, IL-2, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were decreased. Immunohistochemistry showed that renal expression of KIM-1, MCP-1 was significantly decreased in empagliflozin-treated hyperoxaluria rats. Transcriptome sequencing of renal tissue represented that 25 genes were down-regulated while 12 were up-regulated in empagliflozin-treated hyperoxaluria rats. These regulated genes were mainly enriched in fatty acid metabolism, insulin resistance, muscle contraction, bile secretion, and parathyroid metabolism. Our animal experiments found that empagliflozin could reduce urinary concentration and excretion of oxalate and inhibit renal inflammation, then abating renal calcium oxalate deposition in hyperoxaluria rats in a non-diabetic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Guanyun Deng
- Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Kunyuan Huang
- Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Fa Sun
- Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duan L, Yao Y, Kong H, Zhou Y, Cui D. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: Potential therapeutic targets in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cytokine 2024; 184:156770. [PMID: 39326198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects connective tissue and can lead to multisystem organ damage. Chemokines are a class of small proteins that interact with receptors and participate in a variety of physiological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and distribution. They also play important roles in pathological processes, such as the inflammatory response, wound repair, tumor formation and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that the levels of chemokines and their receptors are elevated in the blood and inflamed tissues of SLE patients. In addition, chemokine ligand-receptor interactions control the recruitment of leukocytes into tissues, suggesting that chemokines and their receptors may be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SLE. This review summarizes the causative role of chemokines and their receptors in SLE, as well as their clinical values and challenges as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Duan
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Yongxing Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Haiying Kong
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo M, Zhao FK, Wang YM, Luo Y. Nanomotors as Therapeutic Agents: Advancing Treatment Strategies for Inflammation-Related Diseases. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400162. [PMID: 39499104 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological response of the body to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, involving a series of cellular and molecular events. It is associated with various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and atherosclerosis, and is a leading cause of global mortality. Key inflammatory factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), RANTES (CCL5), and prostaglandins, play central roles in inflammation and disease progression. Traditional treatments such as NSAIDs, steroids, biologic agents, and antioxidants have limitations. Recent advancements in nanomaterials present promising solutions for treating inflammation-related diseases. Unlike nanomaterials that rely on passive targeting and face challenges in precise drug delivery, nanomotors, driven by chemical or optical stimuli, offer a more dynamic approach by actively navigating to inflammation sites, thereby enhancing drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. Nanomotors allow for controlled drug release in response to specific environmental changes, such as pH and inflammatory factors, ensuring effective drug concentrations at disease sites. This active targeting capability enables the use of smaller drug doses, which reduces overall drug usage, costs, and potential side effects compared to traditional treatments. By improving precision and efficiency, nanomotors address the limitations of conventional therapies and represent a significant advancement in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. This review summarizes the latest research on nanomotor-mediated treatment of inflammation-related diseases and discusses the challenges and future directions for optimizing their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Fu-Kun Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Yuan-Min Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Yong Luo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo C, Wei C, He Z, Feng R. Overview of Immunological Response in Urological Membranous Nephropathy: Focus on Cytokine and Treatment Options. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:520-533. [PMID: 39453643 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease that is caused by the production of autoantibody against glomerular podocyte antigens by immune cells due to the lack of self-tolerance mechanisms. Similar to many autoimmune diseases, the pathogenesis of MN is still vague and many experiments are being conducted to detect the antigens and genetic reasons for MN illness. Recently, new antigens, such as exotosin 1/exotosin 2, neural EGF-like-1, semaphorin 3B, and protocadherin 7 have been identified in MN patients who did not have presence of antiphospholipase A2 receptor antigen. What is more, cytokines, which are molecules that regulate immune responses, have been found to have harmful effects in various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and MN. The role of cytokines and treatment strategies in MN patients is discussed in this article. As the understanding of the disease improves, targeted therapies that focus on specific antigens or cytokines may be developed to effectively manage MN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- Urology Surgery, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wei
- Urology Surgery, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoxian He
- Urology Surgery, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Renlei Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Zhou F, You J, Gong X. Annexin A1 Mitigates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Model by Enhancing the Expression of Occludin and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1). CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70173. [PMID: 39727329 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the protective role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) by examining its effects on brain vascular endothelium and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. METHODS Mice were divided into four groups: wild type (WT), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), ANXA1 knockout (ANXA1[-/-]), and ANXA1(-/-) with CLP. Neurobehavioral changes were assessed using the Y-maze test, while BBB integrity was evaluated through Evans blue dye (EBD) staining and permeability tests with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran. RESULTS Results showed that ANXA1 levels were reduced in septic mice, and its deficiency exacerbated cognitive impairment and survival rate reduction. ANXA1 deficiency also upregulated proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, worsened BBB impairment, and altered expression of tight junction proteins and VEGF-A/VEGF-R2. In vitro, ANXA1 Ac2-26 prevented LPS-induced increased permeability in bEnd.3 cells by restoring tight junction proteins and reducing VEGF-A/VEGF-R2 expression. Notably, VEGF-A negated the protective effects of ANXA1 Ac2-26. CONCLUSION The study concludes that ANXA1 reduces BBB permeability to protect against sepsis-induced brain dysfunction via VEGF-A/VEGF-R2 regulation of tight junction proteins, suggesting ANXA1 as a potential therapeutic for SAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyue You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinran Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chermiti R, Burtey S, Dou L. Role of Uremic Toxins in Vascular Inflammation Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:7149. [PMID: 39685608 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13237149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), despite improvements in patient care. Vascular inflammation is a crucial process in the pathogenesis of CVD and a critical factor in the cardiovascular complications in CKD patients. CKD promotes a pro-inflammatory environment that impacts the vascular wall, leading to endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and vascular remodeling. The uremic toxins that accumulate as kidney function declines are key contributors to vascular inflammatory processes. Our review will examine how CKD leads to vascular inflammation, paving the way to CVD. We will provide an overview of the mechanisms of vascular inflammation induced by uremic toxins, with a particular focus on those derived from tryptophan metabolism. These toxins, along with their receptor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), have emerged as key players linking inflammation and thrombosis. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in CKD, particularly those driven by uremic toxins, could reveal valuable therapeutic targets to alleviate the burden of CVD in CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Chermiti
- C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, APHM, Hôpital Conception, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Dou
- C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rroji M, Spasovski G. Omics Studies in CKD: Diagnostic Opportunities and Therapeutic Potential. Proteomics 2024:e202400151. [PMID: 39523931 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202400151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Omics technologies have significantly advanced the prediction and therapeutic approaches for chronic kidney disease (CKD) by providing comprehensive molecular insights. This is a review of the current state and future prospects of integrating biomarkers into the clinical practice for CKD, aiming to improve patient outcomes by targeted therapeutic interventions. In fact, the integration of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data has enhanced our understanding of CKD pathogenesis and identified novel biomarkers for an early diagnosis and targeted treatment. Advanced computational methods and artificial intelligence (AI) have further refined multi-omics data analysis, leading to more accurate prediction models for disease progression and therapeutic responses. These developments highlight the potential to improve CKD patient care with a precise and individualized treatment plan .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merita Rroji
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Medical Faculty, Department of Nephrology, University of Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pantaleo V, Furlanello T, Ventura L, Solano-Gallego L. Serum and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as markers of inflammation and renal damage in dogs with naturally occurring leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:366. [PMID: 39210379 PMCID: PMC11363603 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal disease in canine leishmaniosis is of great importance owing to increased risk of mortality. In human visceral leishmaniosis, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been used as a marker of renal damage and inflammation. The purpose of this study was first to determine the serum MCP-1 and urinary MCP-1-to-creatinine ratio (uMCP-1/Cr) in healthy dogs and dogs with leishmaniosis at diagnosis, and second to determine whether these markers can differentiate disease severity at diagnosis. METHODS In total, 19 healthy seronegative dogs and 38 dogs with leishmaniosis were included in the study. Dogs with leishmaniosis were classified as LeishVet clinical staging and as International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging. Serum and urinary MCP-1 concentrations were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined disease severity at diagnosis between two LeishVet groups (Stage II versus stage III and IV). RESULTS Dogs in Leishvet stages IIb, III, and IV had a median serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr concentration higher than healthy dogs (P < 0.0001). No statistical differences were found in serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr between dogs in LeishVet stage IIa and healthy dogs. The dogs in LeishVet stage IV had significantly higher serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr compared with the dogs in LeishVet stage IIa (P < 0.0001). Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1 were significantly higher in dogs in IRIS stage I and II + III + IV compared with healthy dogs. Dogs stage II + III + IV of IRIS had a significantly higher serum MCP-1 compared with dogs in IRIS stage I (P < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve for serum MCP-1 was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.93] and for uMCP-1/Cr it was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.99). The optimal cutoff value for serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr was 336.85 pg/ml (sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 68%) and 6.89 × 10-7 (sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 79%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr are increased in dogs with leishmaniosis compared with healthy dogs, suggesting the presence of inflammation and renal injury. Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr were more elevated in the advanced stages of the disease compared with the moderate stages and, therefore, can be markers of the severity of the disease process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pantaleo
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, Veggiano, Padua, Italy
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Ventura
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roveta A, Parodi EL, Brezzi B, Tunesi F, Zanetti V, Merlotti G, Francese A, Maconi AG, Quaglia M. Lupus Nephritis from Pathogenesis to New Therapies: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8981. [PMID: 39201667 PMCID: PMC11354900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lupus Nephritis (LN) still represents one of the most severe complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. However, over the last few years, several studies have paved the way for a deeper understanding of its pathogenetic mechanisms and more targeted treatments. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on progress on several key aspects in this setting: pathogenetic mechanisms of LN, including new insight into the role of autoantibodies, complement, vitamin D deficiency, and interaction between infiltrating immune cells and kidney resident ones; the evolving role of renal biopsy and biomarkers, which may integrate information from renal histology; newly approved drugs such as voclosporin (VOC) and belimumab (BEL), allowing a more articulate strategy for induction therapy, and other promising phase III-immunosuppressive (IS) agents in the pipeline. Several adjunctive treatments aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk and progression of chronic renal damage, such as antiproteinuric agents, represent an important complement to IS therapy. Furthermore, non-pharmacological measures concerning general lifestyle and diet should also be adopted when managing LN. Integrating these therapeutic areas requires an effort towards a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. At the same time, the availability of an increasingly wider armamentarium may translate into improvements in patient's renal outcomes over the next decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Roveta
- Research and Innovation Department (DAIRI), “SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo” University Hospital, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (A.R.); (A.F.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Emanuele Luigi Parodi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo” University Hospital, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.L.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigida Brezzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo” University Hospital, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.L.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Francesca Tunesi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS “San Raffaele” Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Zanetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16126 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guido Merlotti
- Department of Primary Care, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Alessia Francese
- Research and Innovation Department (DAIRI), “SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo” University Hospital, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (A.R.); (A.F.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Antonio G. Maconi
- Research and Innovation Department (DAIRI), “SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo” University Hospital, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (A.R.); (A.F.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Marco Quaglia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo” University Hospital, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.L.P.); (B.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Buoli M, Dozio E, Caldiroli L, Armelloni S, Vianello E, Corsi Romanelli M, Castellano G, Vettoretti S. Clinical Factors and Biomarkers Associated with Depressive Disorders in Older Patients Affected by Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Does the Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)/RAGE (Receptor for AGEs) System Play Any Role? Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:99. [PMID: 39195129 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are highly prevalent among subjects suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study is to evaluate clinical and biochemical factors associated with depressive disorders in a sample of older CKD patients, with a focus on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their soluble receptors (sRAGEs). A total of 115 older subjects affected by CKD (stages 3 to 5, not in dialysis) were selected for this study. These patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of depressive disorders defined by a score ≥ 10 on the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The two groups were compared by independent sample t tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for qualitative ones. Significant variables at univariate analyses were then inserted as predictors of a binary logistic regression model, with the presence or absence of depressive disorders as a dependent variable. The binary logistic regression model showed that patients with concomitant depressive disorders were more frequently of female gender (p < 0.01) and had lower MCP1 (p < 0.01) and AGE circulating levels (p < 0.01) than their counterparts. Depressive disorders in older CKD patients are more prevalent in women and seem to be inversely associated with systemic inflammation and circulating AGEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Caldiroli
- Unit of Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- Unit of Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Unit of Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Vettoretti
- Unit of Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bondi CD, Hartman HL, Rush BM, Tan RJ. Podocyte-Specific Deletion of MCP-1 Fails to Protect against Angiotensin II- or Adriamycin-Induced Glomerular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4987. [PMID: 38732210 PMCID: PMC11084322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the role of podocytes in proteinuric disease is imperative to address the increasing global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies strongly implicate increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in proteinuric CKD. Since podocytes express the receptor for MCP-1 (i.e., CCR2), we hypothesized that podocyte-specific MCP-1 production in response to stimuli could activate its receptor in an autocrine manner, leading to further podocyte injury. To test this hypothesis, we generated podocyte-specific MCP-1 knockout mice (Podo-Mcp-1fl/fl) and exposed them to proteinuric injury induced by either angiotensin II (Ang II; 1.5 mg/kg/d, osmotic minipump) or Adriamycin (Adr; 18 mg/kg, intravenous bolus). At baseline, there were no between-group differences in body weight, histology, albuminuria, and podocyte markers. After 28 days, there were no between-group differences in survival, change in body weight, albuminuria, kidney function, glomerular injury, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The lack of protection in the knockout mice suggests that podocyte-specific MCP-1 production is not a major contributor to either Ang II- or Adr-induced glomerular disease, implicating that another cell type is the source of pathogenic MCP-1 production in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corry D. Bondi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 152671, USA; (H.L.H.); (B.M.R.); (R.J.T.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bricher Choque PN, Porter MH, Teixeira MS, Dellê H, Elias RM, Durante B, Dutra MRH, Metz CN, Pavlov VA, Consolim Colombo FM. Cholinergic Stimulation Exerts Cardioprotective Effects and Alleviates Renal Inflammatory Responses after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHRs). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:547. [PMID: 38794117 PMCID: PMC11124479 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this investigation, we explored the effects of pharmacological cholinergic stimulation on cardiac function and renal inflammation following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS Adult male SHRs were randomized into three experimental groups: sham-operated; AMI + Veh (infarcted, treated with vehicle); and AMI + PY (infarcted, treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine bromide (PY)-40 mg/kg, once daily for seven days). Rats were euthanized 7 or 30 days post-surgery. The clinical parameters were assessed on the day before euthanasia. Subsequent to euthanasia, blood samples were collected and renal tissues were harvested for histological and gene expression analyses aimed to evaluate inflammation and injury. RESULTS Seven days post-surgery, the AMI + PY group demonstrated improvements in left ventricular diastolic function and autonomic regulation, and a reduction in renal macrophage infiltration compared to the AMI + Veh group. Furthermore, there was a notable downregulation in pro-inflammatory gene expression and an upregulation in anti-inflammatory gene expression. Analysis 30 days post-surgery showed that PY treatment had a sustained positive effect on renal gene expression, correlated with a decrease in biomarkers, indicative of subclinical kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS Short-term cholinergic stimulation with PY provides both cardiac and renal protection by mitigating the inflammatory response after AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Nithzi Bricher Choque
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.N.B.C.); (M.H.P.); (H.D.); (R.M.E.); (M.R.H.D.)
| | - Maria Helena Porter
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.N.B.C.); (M.H.P.); (H.D.); (R.M.E.); (M.R.H.D.)
| | - Manuella S. Teixeira
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (M.S.T.); (B.D.)
| | - Humberto Dellê
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.N.B.C.); (M.H.P.); (H.D.); (R.M.E.); (M.R.H.D.)
| | - Rosilene Motta Elias
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.N.B.C.); (M.H.P.); (H.D.); (R.M.E.); (M.R.H.D.)
| | - Bruno Durante
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (M.S.T.); (B.D.)
| | - Marina Rascio Henriques Dutra
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.N.B.C.); (M.H.P.); (H.D.); (R.M.E.); (M.R.H.D.)
| | - Christine N. Metz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (C.N.M.); (V.A.P.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (C.N.M.); (V.A.P.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Fernanda M. Consolim Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.N.B.C.); (M.H.P.); (H.D.); (R.M.E.); (M.R.H.D.)
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (M.S.T.); (B.D.)
| |
Collapse
|