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Cawthorne CJ, Volpe A, Fruhwirth GO. The Basics of Visualizing, Analyzing, and Reporting Preclinical PET/CT Imaging Data. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:195-220. [PMID: 38006498 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has transformed medical imaging, and while first developed and applied to the human setting, it has found widespread application at the preclinical level over the past two decades. Its strength is that it offers noninvasive 3D tomographic imaging in a quantitative manner at very high sensitivity. Paired with the right molecular probes, invaluable insights into physiology and pathophysiology have been accessible and therapeutic development has been enhanced through preclinical PET imaging. PET imaging is now often routinely combined with either computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide additional anatomical context. All these developments were accompanied by the provision of ever more complex and powerful analysis software enabling users to visualize and quantify signals from PET imaging data. Aside from experimental complexities, there are also various pitfalls in PET image data analysis, which can negatively impact on reporting and reproducibility.Here, we provide a protocol intended to guide the inexperienced user through PET/CT data analysis. We describe the general principles and workflows required for PET/CT image data visualization and quantitative analysis using various software packages popular in the field. Moreover, we present recommendations for reporting of preclinical PET/CT data including examples of good and poor practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Cawthorne
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Alessia Volpe
- Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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de Jesus JR, de Araujo Andrade T, de Figueiredo EC. Biomarkers in psychiatric disorders. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 116:183-208. [PMID: 37852719 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders represent a significant socioeconomic and healthcare burden worldwide. Of these, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and anxiety are among the most prevalent. Unfortunately, diagnosis remains problematic and largely complicated by the lack of disease specific biomarkers. Accordingly, much research has focused on elucidating these conditions to more fully understand underlying pathophysiology and potentially identify biomarkers, especially those of early stage disease. In this chapter, we review current status of this endeavor as well as the potential development of novel biomarkers for clinical applications and future research study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Costa de Figueiredo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Chernii TV, Cherniy VI, Fokina DО. , , MODIFIED ASSESSMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEFICIT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND COMORBIDITY. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1146-1152. [PMID: 37364065 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202305202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To develop and test the scale of the modified assessment of neurological and neuropsychological deficits (MANND), which would include data on neurological status, higher cortical function disorders, and emotional disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: A clinical-neurological and neuropsychological examination was carried out based on the data of a fragment of a scientific study - a comprehensive study: "Improving patient-oriented approaches to the treatment of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and comorbid conditions." RESULTS Results: The Modified Assessment of Neurological and Neuropsychological Deficits is a neurological symptom assessment scale designed specifically for patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. It takes into account quantitative changes in the neurological status, namely, damage to the pyramidal, sensory, extrapyramidal, coordinating systems, damage to the cranial nerves, and the most common neurological syndromes, such as cephalic, asthenic, and higher cortical function disorders. This scale is a sensitive comprehensive method for assessing the severity of neurological and neuropsychological deficits, in contrast to existing scales for the isolated assessment of focal neurological symptoms (motor deficits, cognitive disorders or disorders of the emotional sphere). CONCLUSION Conclusions: The modified assessment of neurological and neuropsychological deficits can be recommended both for use in clinical practice and for conducting scientific research, as a unique quantitative scale developed taking into account all the features of a wide spectrum of neurological pathology in patients with chronic brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Chernii
- STATE INSTITUTION OF SCIENCE «RESEARCH AND PRACTICAL CENTRE OF PREVENTIVE AND CLINICAL MEDICINE» STATE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Volodymyr I Cherniy
- STATE INSTITUTION OF SCIENCE «RESEARCH AND PRACTICAL CENTRE OF PREVENTIVE AND CLINICAL MEDICINE» STATE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Daria О Fokina
- STATE INSTITUTION OF SCIENCE «RESEARCH AND PRACTICAL CENTRE OF PREVENTIVE AND CLINICAL MEDICINE» STATE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT, KYIV, UKRAINE
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Functional Imaging for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Presse Med 2022; 51:104121. [PMID: 35490910 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases has changed profoundly over the past twenty years. Biomarkers are now included in most diagnostic procedures as well as in clinical trials. Neuroimaging biomarkers provide access to brain structure and function over the course of neurodegenerative diseases. They have brought new insights into a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases and have made it possible to describe some of the imaging challenges in clinical populations. MRI mainly explores brain structure while molecular imaging, functional MRI and electro- and magnetoencephalography examine brain function. In this paper, we describe and analyse the current and potential contribution of MRI and molecular imaging in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Golan H, Volkov O, Shalom E. Nuclear imaging in Parkinson's disease: The past, the present, and the future. J Neurol Sci 2022; 436:120220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Varshney R, Hazari PP, Tiwari AK, Mathur R, Kaushik A, Saklani M, Singh S, Kaul A, Stromberg R, Mishra AK. Synthesis and biological evaluation of modified laminin peptide (N 2S 2-KDP) with enhanced affinity for neuronal growth and targeted molecular imaging (SPECT). Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104516. [PMID: 33293057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An analog of γ1 laminin (RDIAEIIKDI) decapeptide has been used to augment neuronal survival and regeneration after injuries, during aging and other CNS disorder. As a prime synthetic peptide, KDI, is responsible for the neurite outgrowth of human embryonic neurons. In this study, we have designed, modified a KDI derivative and synthesized by replacing isoleucine (I) with Pro (P) amino acid at C-terminal to enhance its potency towards neurite growth. -Cys-Gly-Cys (-CGC) N2S2 motif was also incorporated in the present design for peptide radiolabeling. The modified peptide showed a better binding with the desired 3T1M receptor for neurite growth. The peptide was synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis and Fmoc-strategy with more than 80% yield. The receptor binding studies of 99mTc-N2S2-KDP in Neuro2A cell lines showed Kd value in 31 nM range and the complex showed appreciable brain uptake in mice. The results on human SH-SY5Y indicate that the unlabeled N2S2-KDP may perhaps be useful for neurite growth in neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Varshney
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Puja P Hazari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rashi Mathur
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Aruna Kaushik
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Meenakshi Saklani
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sweta Singh
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ankur Kaul
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Roger Stromberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institute, S-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India.
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Bermo M, Saqr M, Hoffman H, Patterson D, Sharar S, Minoshima S, Lewis DH. Utility of SPECT Functional Neuroimaging of Pain. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:705242. [PMID: 34393862 PMCID: PMC8358271 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging modalities vary in spatial and temporal resolution. One major limitation of most functional neuroimaging modalities is that only neural activation taking place inside the scanner can be imaged. This limitation makes functional neuroimaging in many clinical scenarios extremely difficult or impossible. The most commonly used radiopharmaceutical in Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) functional brain imaging is Technetium 99 m-labeled Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer (ECD). ECD is a lipophilic compound with unique pharmacodynamics. It crosses the blood brain barrier and has high first pass extraction by the neurons proportional to regional brain perfusion at the time of injection. It reaches peak activity in the brain 1 min after injection and is then slowly cleared from the brain following a biexponential mode. This allows for a practical imaging window of 1 or 2 h after injection. In other words, it freezes a snapshot of brain perfusion at the time of injection that is kept and can be imaged later. This unique feature allows for designing functional brain imaging studies that do not require the patient to be inside the scanner at the time of brain activation. Functional brain imaging during severe burn wound care is an example that has been extensively studied using this technique. Not only does SPECT allow for imaging of brain activity under extreme pain conditions in clinical settings, but it also allows for imaging of brain activity modulation in response to analgesic maneuvers whether pharmacologic or non-traditional such as using virtual reality analgesia. Together with its utility in extreme situations, SPECTS is also helpful in investigating brain activation under typical pain conditions such as experimental controlled pain and chronic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bermo
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Mohammed Saqr
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, Joensuu, Finland.,EECS - School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Media Technology & Interaction Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sam Sharar
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - David H Lewis
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Tang Y, Liao G, Li J, Long T, Li Y, Feng L, Chen D, Tang B, Hu S. FDG-PET Profiles of Extratemporal Metabolism as a Predictor of Surgical Failure in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:605002. [PMID: 33425950 PMCID: PMC7793721 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.605002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Metabolic abnormality in the extratemporal area on fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is not an uncommon finding in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), however the correlation between extratemporal metabolic abnormalities and surgical long-term prognosis has not been fully elucidated. We aim to investigate FDG-PET extratemporal metabolic profiles predictive of failure in surgery for TLE patients. Methods: Eighty-two patients with unilateral TLE (48 female, 34 male; 25.6 ± 10.6 years old; 37 left TLE, 45 right TLE) and 30 healthy age-matched controls were enrolled. Patients were classified either as experiencing seizure-recurrence (SZR, Engel class II through IV) or seizure-free (SZF, Engel class I) at least 1 year after surgery. Regional cerebral metabolism was evaluated by FDG-PET with statistical parametric mapping (SPM12). Abnormal metabolic profiles and patterns on FDG-PET in SZR group were evaluated and compared with those of healthy control and SZF subjects on SPM12. Volume and intensity as well as special brain areas of abnormal metabolism in temporal and extratemporal regions were quantified and visualized. Results: With a median follow-up of 1.5 years, 60% of patients achieved Engel class I (SZF). SZR was associated with left TLE and widespread hypometabolism in FDG-PET visual assessment (both p < 0.05). All patients had hypometabolism in the ipsilateral temporal lobe but SZR was not correlated with volume or intensity of temporal hypometabolism (median, 1,456 vs. 1,040 mm3; p > 0.05). SZR was correlated with extratemporal metabolic abnormalities that differed according to lateralization: in right TLE, SZR exhibited larger volume in extratemporal areas compared to SZF (median, 11,060 vs. 2,112 mm3; p < 0.05). Surgical failure was characterized by Cingulum_Ant_R/L, Frontal_Inf_Orb_R abnormal metabolism in extratemporal regions. In left TLE, SZR presented a larger involvement of extratemporal areas similar to right TLE but with no significant (median, 5,873 vs. 3,464 mm3; p > 0.05), Cingulum_Ant_ R/L, Parietal_Inf_L, Postcentral_L, and Precuneus_R involved metabolic abnormalities were correlated with SZR. Conclusions: Extratemporal metabolic profiles detected by FDG-PET may indicate a prominent cause of TLE surgery failure and should be considered in predictive models for epilepsy surgery. Seizure control after surgery might be improved by investigating extratemporal areas as candidates for resection or neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Liao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulai Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dengming Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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