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Didem HY, Ülfiye Ç, Miraç Ç, Safiye TS, Pelin SS, Cem YA, Hatice U, Galip E. The frequency and determinants of vaccine hesitancy among parents of preschool and kindergarten students in Edirne central district. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 74:e38-e44. [PMID: 37980235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES The aim of our study is to determine the frequency of vaccine hesitancy and the associated factors among parents with preschool children in a city center. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among parents of preschool children in the central district of Edirne. The cluster sampling method was applied. The data collection tools consisted of a questionnaire designed by the researchers and The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Scale. The correlations between vaccine hesitancy among parents factos such as the vaccine's content, adverse effects, religious beliefs, media coverage, reliance on community leaders, and the usage of complementary and alternative medical methods were examined. RESULTS The study group consisted of 315 individuals and the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among participants was determined to be 13%. The mean PACV scale score of the parents was 29.76 ± 16.62. According to multivariate analyses, the odds ratios (%95 CI) of variables that were statistically significantly associated with parental vaccine hesitancy were as follows: being a mother 8.77 (1.02-75.07), vaccine side effects 2.91 (0.93-9.16), low/equal income level 6.80 (2.45-18.86), low/high income level 5.74 (1.65-20.0), religious reasons 3.33 (1.34-8.25), and media influence 9.53 (3.75-24.18). CONCLUSION Overall, vaccine hesitancy was observed at one in every 7 parents in the central district of Edirne province, and the main determinants of hesitancy were low-income status, media influence and religious beliefs, advers effects and being mother. Community-based intervention programs should be established to combat vaccine hesitancy. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The PACV scale is recommended for detecting community-based vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yekdeş Didem
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Çelikkalp Ülfiye
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Çağlayan Miraç
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Takır Stewart Safiye
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Sarı Serin Pelin
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Yekdeş Ali Cem
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | | | - Ekuklu Galip
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye.
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ARSLAN F, AL B, SOLAKOGLU GA, GULSOY OF, NUHOGLU C, AYTEN S. Factors in Vaccine Refusal by Patients Applying for COVID-19 PCR Test. Medeni Med J 2023; 38:193-203. [PMID: 37766601 PMCID: PMC10542973 DOI: 10.4274/mmj.galenos.2023.43959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to determine the reasons for vaccine rejection in patients who applied for the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test but did not receive the vaccine. Methods The study was conducted prospectively in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital between 31.01.2022 and 31.05.2022. 1000 patients who applied for the COVID-19 PCR test and refused to be vaccinated were included. The COVID-19 status of the participants, reasons for their application, number of PCR tests, methods of obtaining information about the vaccine, and reasons for the rejection of the vaccine were questioned. Results 54.6% of the participants were male and 45.4% were female. 60.7% of the patients applied for testing due to symptoms, 25.4% due to contact with people with symptoms, and 23.9% due to travel. 43.3% of the cases had COVID-19 infection; 53.6% of them had tested an average of 2-5 times in the last year. Most of the information about the vaccine was taken from social media, television, medical publications, and people around, respectively. Of the participants, 62.0% believed that COVID-19 vaccines had side effects, 47.3% believed that it had no protection, and 30.9% believed that there was not enough study on the subject. As the age grew, the rate of learning information from social media increased. Conclusions The most common reasons for COVID-19 vaccine rejection were vaccine side effects, doubtful vaccine protection, and concerns about the lack of sufficient studies on the vaccine. The higher the education level, the higher the vaccine rejection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat ARSLAN
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Behcet AL
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Alper SOLAKOGLU
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk GULSOY
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay NUHOGLU
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema AYTEN
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Goruntla N, Akanksha K, Lalithaasudhaa K, Pinnu V, Jinka D, Bhupalam P, Doniparthi J. Prevalence and predictors of vaccine hesitancy among mothers of under-five children: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 37034856 PMCID: PMC10079200 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_687_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) states that vaccine hesitancy is one of the top 10 threats to global public health. Evidence shows that vaccine hesitancy studies in India are limited and targeted toward individual vaccines. The study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between demographics and SAGE factors toward vaccine hesitancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in a non-governmental organization (NGO) hospital with 330 beds, located in Bathalapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India. Mothers of under-five children who attended outpatient departments of pediatrics or obstetrics and gynecology were included. A total of 574 mothers were enrolled and vaccine hesitancy was determined by reviewing the mother-child protection card for the presence of delay or refusal of the recommended vaccine. A face-to-face interview was conducted to obtain demographics and WHO-SAGE variables from the participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to associate independent variables (demographics and SAGE variables) with the dependent variable (vaccine hesitancy). RESULTS Out of 574 respondents, 161 mother's children were noted as vaccine-hesitant (refusal = 7; delay = 154); and the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 28.05%. The delay was observed in all recommended vaccines, but the refusal or reluctance was seen in only four vaccines (hepatitis B birth dose = 1; IPV 1 and 2 = 2; Measles 1 and 2 = 3; and Rota 1, 2, and 3 = 1). The respondents' demographics like no or lower parent education (OR = 3.17; 95%CI = 1.50-6.72) and fewer antenatal visits (OR = 2.30; 95%CI = 1.45-3.36) showed higher odds, whereas the upper socioeconomic status showed lower odds (OR = 0.09; 95%CI = 0.02-0.36) toward vaccine hesitancy. The WHO-SAGE dimensions like awareness (OR = 0.14; 95%CI = 0.03-0.53), poor access (OR = 7.76; 95%CI = 3.65-16.51), and low acceptability of the individual (OR = 07.15; 95%CI = 1.87-27.29), community (OR = 6.21; 95%CI = 1.58-24.33) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was high. Vaccine safety and children's health are primary concerns for parents' refusal/reluctance. To achieve 100% immunization coverage, policymakers need to reduce vaccine hesitancy by developing strategies based on demographic and WHO-SAGE working group predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Goruntla
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University (KIU), Western Campus, Uganda
| | - Kokkala Akanksha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Katta Lalithaasudhaa
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vikash Pinnu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dasaratharamaiah Jinka
- Department of Pediatrics, Rural Development Trust Hospital, Bathalapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeepkumar Bhupalam
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jyosna Doniparthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S.K. University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Cao M, Zhao J, Huang C, Wang X, Ye L, Han X, Yu W, Yin Z, Zhang J, Liu Y. Assessing vaccine hesitancy using the WHO scale for caregivers of children under 3 years old in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1090609. [PMID: 37124767 PMCID: PMC10130458 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccine hesitancy may increase infectious disease burden and impede disease control efforts, while few studies have measured such a phenomenon with a standardized tool in China. This study aimed to test the validation of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) developed by the WHO SAGE Working Group among caregivers and examine demographic characteristics associated with caregiver hesitancy in six provinces of China. Methods Using a multistage sampling design, this study was conducted in 36 immunization clinics in six provinces from December 2019 to August 2020. Caregivers of children aged 0-3 years were included. The VHS was used to assess vaccine hesitancy. The construct validity and internal consistency of the scale were assessed. Associations between caregivers' characteristics and vaccine hesitancy were examined by simple and multiple linear regression models. Results Of the 3,359 participants included, a two-factor structure within the scale was identified, consisting of "lack of confidence" (1.89 ± 0.53) and "risks" (3.20 ± 0.75). Caregivers engaged in medical work expressed more confidence and were less concerned about risks compared to those of non-medical staff (p < 0.05). Participants with higher income levels were more confident (p < 0.05), while those surveyed after the COVID-19 pandemic, who were mothers, who had an older child, or who were raising a second or above birth child, had less concern about risks (p < 0.05). Discussion We found that the VHS had acceptable reliability and construct validity and caregivers' hesitancy was driven more by concerns about risks than by the lack of confidence. Countering these concerns will be particularly important among non-medical staff, lower income, child's fathers, having a younger child, or raising first-birth child groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Zhao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cunrong Huang
- Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xianglin Wang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ye
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Han
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Zhang, ; Yuanli Liu,
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Zhang, ; Yuanli Liu,
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Comparison of attitude of Indian and Russian parents to children’s vaccination. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The vaccine preventable diseases outbreaks have become more frequent in recent decades and the lack of global vaccine awareness has been increasing and deteriorating vaccine compliance. The aim. To assess the attitude towards vaccination of parents from India and Russia. Methods. 1620 parents from Russia (Irkutsk city) and 214 parents from India (Kerala state) took part in the international cross-sectional multicenter study via survey method. Results. Parents from both countries showed good adherence to vaccination, only 1 % of Indians and 2 % of Russians did not vaccinate their children. More than 90 % of Russians took information from pediatricians compared with other sources with a prevalence of pediatricians working in the public health system 91.7 % (95 % CI: 90.2–92.9), whereas only 50 % of Indians were informed about vaccination from pediatricians (p < 0.0001). The main source of vaccine information for Indian parents was Internet (52.8 %; 95 % CI: 46.1–59.3) and mass-media (83.6 %; 95% CI: 78.1–87.9), whereas Russians resorted to this source much less (0.3 %; 95 % CI: 0.1–0.7 for Internet; and 4.3 %; 95 % CI: 3.4–5.4 for mass-media; p < 0.0001). Interestingly, while the vast majority of Russians received information about vaccination from a pediatrician, 71.2 % (95 % CI: 68.9–73.3) wanted to know more. Indians suffered from a lack of information too, but not as much (63.1 %; 95 % CI: 56.4–69.3; p = 0.01). Conclusion. Despite of a good attitude to vaccination of parents from India and Russia the lack of vaccine information was registered.
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Bussink-Voorend D, Hautvast JLA, Vandeberg L, Visser O, Hulscher MEJL. A systematic literature review to clarify the concept of vaccine hesitancy. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1634-1648. [PMID: 35995837 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is considered a top-10 global health threat. The concept of VH has been described and applied inconsistently. This systematic review aims to clarify VH by analysing how it is operationalized. We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases on 14 January 2022. We selected 422 studies containing operationalizations of VH for inclusion. One limitation is that studies of lower quality were not excluded. Our qualitative analysis reveals that VH is conceptualized as involving (1) cognitions or affect, (2) behaviour and (3) decision making. A wide variety of methods have been used to measure VH. Our findings indicate the varied and confusing use of the term VH, leading to an impracticable concept. We propose that VH should be defined as a state of indecisiveness regarding a vaccination decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Bussink-Voorend
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeannine L A Hautvast
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vandeberg
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Olga Visser
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J L Hulscher
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Basu S, Rustagi R. Multi-dose vials versus single-dose vials for vaccination: perspectives from lower-middle income countries. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2059310. [PMID: 35416750 PMCID: PMC9746400 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2059310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The choice of the vaccine packaging type either as single- or multi-dose vial is a crucial determinant of vaccine coverage. The experience of vaccination strategies in lower-middle-income countries suggests that multi-dose vaccine vials translate into greater economic-logistic advantages due to lower packaging and storage costs with significant environmental benefits accrued from reduced medical waste generation. However, the use of multi-dose vials is associated with a theoretical risk of contamination particularly from human error. Moreover, the overall economic advantage of multi-dose vials is contingent on the reduction of the extent of vaccine wastage associated with their use. Robust data collection for monitoring of vaccine wastage rates and adverse effects following immunization is therefore needed to understand the extent of economic benefit and risks involved with multi-dose vial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Basu
- Indian Institute of Public Health – Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India,CONTACT Saurav Basu Indian Institute of Public Health – Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchir Rustagi
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of National Capital Territory – Delhi, Delhi, India
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Bhaktaram A, Ganjoo R, Jamison AM, Burleson J, Pascual-Ferra P, Alperstein N, Barnett DJ, Mohanty S, Orton PZ, Parida M, Kluegel E, Rath S, Rimal RN. Creation, dissemination, and evaluation of videos to promote COVID-19 vaccination in India: A research protocol. Gates Open Res 2022; 6:82. [PMID: 36415882 PMCID: PMC9652135 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13628.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccine hesitancy is one of the greatest challenges to the success of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaigns. Videos promoting vaccines have a narrow scope focusing solely on facts, and less on the emotional and narrative elements of communication that can be equally persuasive. The role of humor, for example, has remained largely unexplored. Objective: This study investigates whether theory-based videos can change people's attitudes, beliefs, and intentions to receive the second COVID-19 vaccine. Our primary research question is: How do collectivistic and individualistic appeals, humor, and protagonist gender individually and jointly affect vaccination attitudes, beliefs, and intentions? Methods: This project tapped into the underutilized Indian film industry-the world's largest film producer-to promote vaccination messaging through short videos. Feedback from a community advisory board was utilized to inform the video scripts that were then shot by a production team. Eight videos were filmed and shared by adopting a 2 (appeal: individualistic or collectivistic) x 2 (tone: humor or non-humor) x 2 (protagonist gender: male or female) between-subjects design approach. Our sample includes Odia-speaking participants aged between 18 - 35 years old randomly assigned to watch one of the eight study videos. An online survey questionnaire, social media network analysis, and small group qualitative interviews will be utilized to explore how the entertainment-education videos can be used to reduce vaccine hesitancy. Discussion: Vaccine messages do not fall into a cultural or cognitive vacuum. People process and make sense of information based on their prior experience, properties of the message, and their social environment. Yet, these considerations have taken secondary importance in vaccine communications. This research shows that it is possible to deliver high-caliber videos created in accordance with the audience's cultural and cognitive background. Conclusions: This study will inform future health promotion messaging through brief videos on the internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Bhaktaram
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA,
| | - Rohini Ganjoo
- Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, 20052, USA,
| | - Amelia M. Jamison
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Julia Burleson
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Paola Pascual-Ferra
- Department of Communication, Loyola University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
| | - Neil Alperstein
- Department of Communication, Loyola University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
| | - Daniel J. Barnett
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA,Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Satyanarayan Mohanty
- D-Cor (Development Corner) Consulting Pvt. Ltd, Satya Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751008, India
| | | | - Manoj Parida
- D-Cor (Development Corner) Consulting Pvt. Ltd, Satya Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751008, India
| | - Eleanor Kluegel
- Department of Communication, Loyola University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
| | - Sidharth Rath
- Swasthya Plus, Odisha, India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751017, India
| | - Rajiv N. Rimal
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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Srivastava U, Tripathi AK, Kaur J, Devi S, Verma S, Singh V, Das D, Singh PP, Mishra RK, Kumar NA, Mishra VN, Kumar P, Rai V, Tamang R, Suravajhala P, Pandey R, Chaubey G. Vaccine hesitancy for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Varanasi India. Front Public Health 2022; 10:892584. [PMID: 36276375 PMCID: PMC9581394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.892584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rollout of the world's largest vaccine drive for SARS-CoV-2 by the Government of India on January 16 2021, India had targeted to vaccinate its entire population by the end of 2021. Struggling with vaccine procurement and production earlier, India overcome these hurdles, but the Indian population still did not seem to be mobilizing swiftly toward vaccination centers. The severe second wave has slowed the vaccination pace and was also one of the major contributing factors to vaccine hesitancy. To understand the nature of vaccine hesitancy and its underlying factors, we conducted extensive online and offline surveys in Varanasi and adjoining regions using structured questions. Most respondents were students (0.633). However, respondents from other occupations, such as government officials (0.10), have also participated in the study. Interestingly, most people (0.75) relied on fake news and did not take COVID-19 seriously. Most importantly, we noticed that a substantial proportion of respondents (relative frequency 0.151; mean age 24.8 years) reported that they were still not interested in vaccination. We observed a significant association between vaccine hesitancy and socioeconomic status (χ2 = 307.6, p < 0.001). However, we failed to detect any association between vaccine hesitancy and gender (χ2 = 0.007, p > 0.5). People who have neither been vaccinated nor have ever been infected may become the medium for spreading the virus and creating new variants, which may lead to the vaccine-resistant variant. We expect this extensive survey to help the Government upgrade their vaccination policies for COVID-19 in North India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Srivastava
- Anthropology Division, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Avanish Kumar Tripathi
- Anthropology Division, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jagjeet Kaur
- Anthropology Division, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sabita Devi
- Anthropology Division, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shipra Verma
- Anthropology Division, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vanya Singh
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Debashruti Das
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prajjval Pratap Singh
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Mishra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nikhil A. Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vijaya Nath Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Rakesh Tamang
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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10
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Prakash A, Jeyakumar Nathan R, Kini S, Victor V. Message framing and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among millennials in South India. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269487. [PMID: 35802760 PMCID: PMC9269925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy and refusal remain a major concern for healthcare professionals and policymakers. Hence, it is necessary to ascertain the underlying factors that promote or hinder the uptake of vaccines. Authorities and policy makers are experimenting with vaccine promotion messages to communities using loss and gain-framed messages. However, the effectiveness of message framing in influencing the intention to be vaccinated is unclear. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this study analysed the impact of individual attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination, direct and indirect social norms, perceived behavioural control and perceived threat towards South Indian millennials' intention to get vaccinated. The study also assessed the effect of framing vaccine communication messages with gain and loss framing. Data was collected from 228 Millennials from South India during the COVID-19 pandemic from September to October 2021 and analysed using PLS path modelling and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). The findings reveal that attitudes towards vaccination, perceived threat and indirect social norms positively impact millennials' intention to take up vaccines in both message frames. Further, independent sample t-test between the framing groups indicate that negative (loss framed message) leads to higher vaccination intention compared to positive (gain framed message). A loss-framed message is thus recommended for message framing to promote vaccine uptake among millennials. These findings provide useful information in understanding the impact of message framing on behavioural intentions, especially in the context of vaccine uptake intentions of Millennials in South India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslesha Prakash
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science Queens House, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Vijay Victor
- CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
- College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yakum MN, Funwie AD, Ajong AB, Tsafack M, Ze LEE, Shah Z. The burden of vaccine hesitancy for routine immunization in Yaounde-Cameroon: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001012. [PMID: 36962666 PMCID: PMC10022391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunization is the most cost-effective health intervention in the world yet, vaccination uptake is still low with less than 50% of children aged 12-23 months fully vaccinated in Cameroon by 2018. The objective of this study was to estimate the burden of vaccine hesitancy associated with routine vaccines in Yaounde-Cameroon. A two-stage cross-sectional cluster survey was conducted in Yaoundé in November 2021, targeting parents/guardians of children 0-59 months. Clusters were selected with probability proportionate to size (PPS) and household's selection done using a restricted sampling method. Data collection was done using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, "Core Closed Questions" and "Likert Scale Questions" proposed by the WHO Vaccine Hesitancy Technical Working Group in 2014. Vaccine hesitancy was analyzed as proportions of parent's/guardian's self-reported vaccine refusal or delay in vaccination with 95% confidence interval. This was stratified by household wealth level and tested using Chi-Square test to appreciate the effect of household wealth on vaccine hesitancy. A total of 529 participants were enrolled out of 708 visited, giving a non-response rate of 25%. In total, vaccine hesitancy was reported in 137(25.90[22.35-29.80] %), and oral polio vaccine(OPV) was the most affected vaccine with hesitancy of 10%. Vaccine hesitancy prevalence did not vary significantly across different households' wealth levels (p-value = 0.3786). However, in wealthy households' refusal of vaccines (14%) was less than in poorer households (20%). Lack of trust was reported as the leading cause of vaccine refusal (43%). Vaccine hesitancy prevalence in Yaounde is high and oral polio vaccine(OPV) was the most affected vaccine. The level of weath does not affect vaccine hesitancy and lack of trust was the leading cause of vaccine hesitancy related to routine immunization in Yaounde-Cameroon. We, recommend that the burden of vaccine hesitancy should be assessed at national scale and root causes investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ndinakie Yakum
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical and Health sciences, Kesmonds International University, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Atanga D Funwie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical and Health sciences, Kesmonds International University, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Atem Bethel Ajong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marcellin Tsafack
- Medical Department, Doctors Without Borders (MSF-OCG), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Linda Evans Eba Ze
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Dschang-Cameroon, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Zahir Shah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical and Health sciences, Kesmonds International University, Bamenda, Cameroon
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M S, A V, Saurish, Amoghashree, Narayanamurthy M, Gopi A. Did this pandemic trigger a spike in mothers' hesitancy over their children's routine immunizations? -A cross sectional study. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022; 15:101023. [PMID: 35342844 PMCID: PMC8931992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Back ground The COVID-19 pandemic has created a lot of disruptions for delivery of health care services like routine immunization. Delayed immunization can lead to outbreak of many vaccine preventable diseases. The current pandemic created confusions and fear among mothers to vaccinate their children. This study was an initiative to understand the struggles faced by them during the pandemic. Objective To estimate the prevalence of hesitancy for routine immunization among urban mothers during COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the factors responsible for their hesitancy. Methodology It was a community based cross-sectional study which was done for three months, data were collected from 246 mothers (sample size calculated by assuming 20% as prevalence based on pilot study) having children whose age was less than 6 years by administering a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire. Result It was found that 38% of mothers were having vaccine hesitancy during the pandemic mainly due to the factors like fear of exposure to COVID-19 and due to lockdown.Out of 6 variables 5 variables(except religion) was found to be statistically significant.On the multivariate analysis only prior to pandemic hesitancy retained statistical significance. Conclusion From our study we infer that the pandemic has increased hesitancy among mothers, hampering routine immunization. Thus, this domain deserves more consideration by health care officials and policy makers, to prevent disruption of the immunization programme.
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Han Y, Wang Q, Zhao S, Wang J, Dong S, Cui T, Liu M, Shi N, Yang L, Han Y, Xiu S, Wang X, Jin H. Parental category B vaccine hesitancy and associated factors in China: an online cross-sectional survey. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:145-153. [PMID: 34792433 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2008247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top ten health threats. We aimed to (1) assess parental Category B vaccines hesitancy and associated sociodemographic factors in China, and (2) explore the association between attitude toward vaccines and self-reported hesitant behavior. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed through a web-based anonymous online questionnaire survey between 9 February and 7 April 2021. Chinese parents aged ≥ 18 years with one child aged < 6 years were included to assess vaccine hesitancy using the vaccine-hesitancy scale (VHS). Structural equation model was used to determine relationships between variables. RESULTS Of 2952 Chinese parents included in the analysis, 17.5% were highly hesitant in Category B vaccines. Parents who were younger, less educated, engaged in health-related occupations, and had been vaccinated against influenza in the past year were more hesitant when vaccinating their children (P < 0.001). VHS score accuracy to identify vaccine-hesitant behavior was acceptable, and the optimal cutoff was 37.50 (with 61.96% parental vaccine hesitancy). Parents who lack confidence or believe vaccines were risk were more likely to show vaccine hesitant behavior (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In China, effective interventions need to be implemented to eliminate parental Category B vaccines hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangyu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuheng Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Minqi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Naiyang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixin Xiu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuwen Wang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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Rana R, Tripathi A, Kumar N, Ganguly NK. A Comprehensive Overview on COVID-19: Future Perspectives. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:744903. [PMID: 34595136 PMCID: PMC8476999 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.744903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has proven to be an unprecedented disaster for the whole world. The virus has inflicted billion of lives across the globe in all aspects-physically, psychologically, as well as socially. Compared to the previous strains of β-CoV genera- MERS and SARS, SARS-CoV-2 has significantly higher transmissibility and worst post-recovery implications. A frequent mutation in the initial SARS-CoV-2 strain has been a major cause of mortalities (approx. 3 million deaths) and uncontrolled virulence (approx. 1 billion positive cases). As far as clinical manifestations are concerned, this particular virus has exhibited deleterious impacts on systems other than the respiratory system (primary target organ), such as the brain, hematological system, liver, kidneys, endocrine system, etc. with no promising curatives to date. Lack of emergency treatments and shortage of life-saving drugs has promoted the repurposing of existing therapeutics along with the emergence of vaccines with the combined efforts of scientists and industrial experts in this short span. This review summarizes every detail on COVID-19 and emphasizes undermining the future approaches to minimize its prevalence to the remaining lives.
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Zhang MX, Lin XQ, Chen Y, Tung TH, Zhu JS. Determinants of parental hesitancy to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in China. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1339-1349. [PMID: 34376095 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1967147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy seriously hinders herd immunity. We explored the determinants of parental hesitancy to vaccinate children against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.A population-based self-administered online questionnaire evaluating parental hesitancy in vaccinating their children against COVID-19 was conducted in Taizhou, China. Of the 2463 parents who received the invitation, 1788 (72.6%) responded to the survey.Of the repondents, 52.5% were hesitant. Mothers exhibited a greater proportion of vaccine hesitancy than fathers did (57.5% vs. 41.7%, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that parents with children under 18 years of age (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.90-0.99), lower knowledge scores about COVID-19 vaccination (Q1: OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.37-2.69; Q2: OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.10-2.08), lower awareness of the permission of vaccinating children (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.36-2.23) and hesitancy to inoculate themselves (OR = 8.18, 95%CI: 6.48-10.33) were associated with parental hesitancy to inoculate their children. Results also revealed the disparity between fathers and mothers regarding associated factors.This study found that a substantial proportion of parents reported being hesitant to vaccinate children against COVID-19, implying the necessity of comprehensive assessment and health education programs for vaccination systems in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.,Public Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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