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Cao Y, Yu K, Zhang Z, Gu Y, Gu Y, Li W, Zhang W, Shen Z, Xu J, Qin J. Blockade of V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation reprograms tumour-associated macrophages and improves efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor in gastric cancer. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1578. [PMID: 38356419 PMCID: PMC10867598 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In gastric cancer, the response rate of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor is far from satisfactory, indicating additional nonredundant pathways might hamper antitumour immunity. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) has been reported in several malignancies as a novel immune-checkpoint. Nevertheless, the role of VISTA in gastric cancer still remains obscure. Our purpose is to explore the clinical significance and potential mechanism of VISTA in affecting gastric cancer patients' survival and immunotherapeutic responsiveness. METHODS Our study recruited eight independent cohorts with a total of 1403 gastric cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence, flow cytometry or intracellular flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, magnetic-activated cell sorting, smart-seq2, in vitro cell co-culture and ex vivo tumour inhibition assays were applied to investigate the clinical significance and potential mechanism of VISTA in gastric cancer. RESULTS VISTA was predominantly expressed on tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), and indicated poor clinical outcomes and inferior immunotherapeutic responsiveness. VISTA+ TAMs showed a mixed phenotype. Co-culture of TAMs and CD8+ T cells indicated that VISTA+ TAMs attenuated effective function of CD8+ T cells. Blockade of VISTA reprogrammed TAMs to a proinflammatory phenotype, reactivated CD8+ T cells and promoted apoptosis of tumour cells. Moreover, blockade of VISTA could also enhance the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor, suggesting that blockade of VISTA might synergise with PD-1 inhibitor in gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that VISTA was an immune-checkpoint associated with immunotherapeutic resistance. Blockade of VISTA reprogrammed TAMs, promoted T-cell-mediated antitumour immunity, and enhanced efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor, which might have implications in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cao
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kuan Yu
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yun Gu
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yichao Gu
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wandi Li
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenbin Shen
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of General SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Wang C, Cheng H, Yan F, Zhang H, Zhang J, Li C, Zhao M, Shi D, Xiong H. MicroRNA-146b protects kidney injury during urinary tract infections by modulating macrophage polarization. mBio 2023; 14:e0209423. [PMID: 37909731 PMCID: PMC10870822 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02094-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) can lead to severe kidney injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological process of kidney injury are still incompletely understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that microRNA-146b (miR-146b) deficiency aggravates kidney injury during UTIs caused by UPEC. In a mouse kidney infection model utilizing urosepsis isolate CFT073, we found that miR-146b expression significantly increased in the early stages of UPEC infection. Also, miR-146b-deficient mice displayed exacerbated inflammation in the kidney injury with severe M1 macrophage infiltration. Additionally, the results showed that miR-146b targeted interferon regulatory factor 5-regulated M1 macrophage polarization during UTIs. The results suggested that miR-146b contributed significantly to the control of kidney damage during UTIs, highlighting that miR-146b might be used as a novel therapeutic target for treating kidney injury during UTIs. IMPORTANCE Kidney injury during acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is an important public health problem. However, how kidney injury develops during UPEC infection is still unclear. Although antibiotic therapy is currently an effective treatment for UTI, it cannot avoid kidney injury. MicroRNAs have gained extensive attention as essential molecules capable of regulating the autoimmune response. Among these, microRNA-146b (miR-146b) is involved in regulating inflammatory responses. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-146b played an essential role in the development of kidney injury during UTIs caused by UPEC. The results showed that miR-146b may suppress M1 macrophage polarization and alleviate acute kidney injury. Furthermore, the miR-146b activator, agomir, in order to upregulate miR-146b, was effective in treating kidney damage by inhibiting the activation of M1 macrophages. In conclusion, our findings elucidated the mechanisms by which miR-146b alleviated kidney injury induced by UTIs, shed new light on the relationship between microRNA and bacterial infection, and provided a novel therapeutic target for treating this common bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Dos Santos UR, Dos Santos JL. Trichoderma after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:97-126. [PMID: 36748123 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2172498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma is a saprophytic fungus that is used worldwide as a biocontrol and biofertilizer agent. Although considered nonpathogenic until recently, reports of human infections produced by members of the Trichoderma genus are increasing. Numerous sources of infection were proposed based upon patient data and phylogenetic analysis, including air, agriculture, and healthcare facilities, but the deficit of knowledge concerning Trichoderma infections makes patient treatment difficult. These issues are compounded by isolates that present profiles which exhibit high minimum inhibitory concentration values to available antifungal drugs. The aim of this review is to present the global distribution and sources of infections that affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, clinical features, therapeutic strategies that are used to treat patients, as well as highlighting treatments with the best responses. In addition, the antifungal susceptibility profiles of Trichoderma isolates that have emerged in recent decades were examined and which antifungal drugs need to be further evaluated as potential candidates to treat Trichoderma infections are also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uener Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Jane Lima Dos Santos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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Oliveira-Mendonça LS, Mendes ÉA, Castro JO, Silva MM, Santos AG, Kaneto CM, Dias SO, Allaman IB, Vannier-Santos MA, Silva JF, Augusto DG, Anjos DOD, Santos NAS, Lima KP, Horta MF, Albuquerque GR, Costa MGC, Silva-Jardim I, Santos JLD. Trichoderma stromaticum spores induce autophagy and downregulate inflammatory mediators in human peripheral blood-derived macrophages. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100145. [PMID: 35909603 PMCID: PMC9325901 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T. stromaticum biocontrol agent induces autophagy, up-regulating autophagy-related genes T. stromaticum modulates expression of micro RNAs that control imune response T. stromaticum dow-nregulates expression of TLR2, TLR4, CLEC7A, NLRP3, IL-10, IL1β and IL18 T. stromaticum modulates ROS production
Trichoderma spp. are usually considered safe and normally used as biocontrol and biofertilization. Safety for human health is evaluated by several tests that detect various effects such as allergenicity, toxicity, infectivity, and pathogenicity. However, they do not evaluate the effects of the agent upon the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between T. stromaticum spores and mammalian cells to assess the immunomodulatory potential of the spores of this fungus. First, mouse macrophage cell line J774 and human macrophages were exposed to fungal spores and analyzed for structural features, through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Then, various analysis were performed in human macrophages as to their effect in some functional and molecular aspects of the immune system through immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and gene expression assays. We demonstrated that T. stromaticum spores induces autophagy and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and downmodulate inflammatory mediators, including ROS, NLRP3, the cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-12 and IL-10, as well as TLR2, TLR4, miR-146b and miR-155, which may lead to an augmented susceptibility to pathogens. Our study shows the extension of damages the biofungicide Tricovab® can cause in the innate immune response. Further studies are necessary to elucidate other innate and adaptive immune responses and, consequently, the safety of this fungus when in contact with humans.
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Oliveira-Mendonça LS, de Sousa Lopes D, Bozzi A, Carvalho NO, Queiroz-Oliveira T, Santos Matos ME, de Carvalho AT, Castro-Gomes T, Mendes EA, Augusto DG, Bispo Sousa SM, Silva-Jardim I, Lima-Santos J. Inhibition of extracellular traps by spores of Trichoderma stromaticum on neutrophils obtained from human peripheral blood. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:43-52. [PMID: 34798497 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the genus Trichoderma is widely used as a biocontrol agent in crops, little is known about its potential impact on the human immune system. In mice, our group has shown that exposition to T. asperelloides spores lead to reduced neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood and in the peritoneal cavity. In addition, T. stromaticum spores produced an inflammatory infiltrate on mice lungs, reducing the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and receptors of microbial patterns. Here we demonstrate that the interaction of human peripheral neutrophils with T. stromaticum spores also leads to a reduced release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) after induction with the NET-inducer agent phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. This interaction also reduced the expression levels of multiple microRNAs, such as miR-221, miR-222, miR-223 and miR-27a, as well as genes related to NETs, such as ELANE, MPO and PADI4. Furthermore, T. stromaticum spores affected the expression of the genes SOCS3, TLR4, CSNK2A1, GSDMD, and NFFKBIA, related to the activation of inflammatory immune responses in neutrophils. Overall, our results suggest T. stromaticum as a potential NET inhibitor and as an immunomodulatory agent. Since this fungus is used as biocontrol in crops, our findings point to the importance of advancing our knowledge on the effects of this bioagent on the human immune system. Finally, the study of the active compounds produced by the fungus is also important for the prospection of new drugs that could be used to block the exacerbation of inflammatory immune responses present in several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana Bozzi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou - FIOCRUZ MINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nani Oliveira Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou - FIOCRUZ MINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thamires Queiroz-Oliveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica Araújo Mendes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Izaltina Silva-Jardim
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jane Lima-Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil.
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Dos Santos UR, Costa MC, de Freitas GJC, de Oliveira FS, Santos BR, Silva JF, Santos DA, Dias AAM, de Carvalho LD, Augusto DG, Dos Santos JL. Exposition to Biological Control Agent Trichoderma stromaticum Increases the Development of Cancer in Mice Injected With Murine Melanoma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:252. [PMID: 32547964 PMCID: PMC7272596 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control agents (BCA) are an alternative to chemical pesticides and an emerging strategy to safely eliminate plant pathogens. Trichoderma spp. are the most common fungi used as BCAs. They produce spores that are released into the air and can potentially interact with immune system of mammals. We previously showed that Trichoderma affects expression of genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokines in mice. PRRs are involved in the recognition of microorganisms and can lead to pro-tumoral signaling. Here, we evaluated if mice injected with low doses of murine melanoma exhibited increased development of lung tumor when treated with conidia of T. stromaticum. Mice treated with T. stromaticum and inoculated with B16-F10 melanoma cells exhibited significant increase in tumor uptake (p = 0.006) and increased number of visible nodules in the lungs (p = 0.015). We also analyzed mRNA expression levels of genes encoding PRRs in lung of mice exposed to T. stromaticum and demonstrated that mice treated with T. stromaticum conidia exhibited lower expression levels of Clec7a and increased expression of Tlr4 (toll like receptor 4) compared to non-treated controls. The expression levels of Clec7a and Tlr2 were increased in mice treated with T. stromaticum and inoculated with murine melanoma compared to controls only inoculated with melanoma. Our results demonstrate that intranasal exposition to T. stromaticum increases tumor in the B16-F10 model, which may raise concerns regarding the safety of its use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uener R Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Marliete C Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J C de Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia S de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bianca R Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Juneo F Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriana A M Dias
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana D de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jane L Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Santos SS, Augusto DG, Alves PAC, Pereira JS, Duarte LMB, Melo PC, Gross E, Kaneto CM, Silva A, Santos JL. Trichoderma asperelloides ethanolic extracts efficiently inhibit Staphylococcus growth and biofilm formation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202828. [PMID: 30142222 PMCID: PMC6108504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi from the widely distributed genus Trichoderma are of great biotechnological interest, being currently used in a vast range of applications. Here, we report that high-molecular weight fraction (HWF) derived from Trichoderma asperelloides ethanolic extract exhibits antibiotic activity against staphylococcal biofilms. The antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of T. asperelloides extracts were evaluated by well-established assays in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC strains (29213 and 6538) and in one clinical isolate from bovine mastitis. The HWF from T. asperelloides eradicated S. aureus by causing substantial matrix de-structuring and biomass reduction (p < 10-5) at concentrations as low as 2.3 μg mL-1. Additionally, we present ultra-structure analysis by the use of scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission microscopy, which showed that T. asperelloides killed cells through cell wall and membrane disturbance. Remarkably, the HWF from T. asperelloides killed S. aureus and eradicated its biofilms in a greater performance than gentamicin (p < 10-5), a known potent antibiotic against S. aureus. Our results indicate that extract from T. asperelloides may represent a promising candidate for the development of new antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. Santos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Danillo G. Augusto
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A. Casaes Alves
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Julia S. Pereira
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Larissa M. B. Duarte
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Poliana C. Melo
- Hospital Veterinário Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gross
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Carla M. Kaneto
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Jane L. Santos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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