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Branda Dos Reis C, Otenio MH, Júnior AMDM, Maia Dornelas JC, Fonseca do Carmo PH, Viana RO, Santos Ricoy AC, de Souza Alves V. Virulence profile of Candida spp. isolated from an anaerobic biodigester supplied with dairy cattle waste. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106516. [PMID: 38176462 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic biodigesters play a crucial role in enhancing animal waste management. However, the presence of pathogens in the biodigestion process poses a significant concern. Candida spp., a widespread fungus known for its opportunistic nature and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, including reciprocal transmission between humans and animals, is one such pathogen of concern. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the virulence profile of Candida spp. originating from anaerobic biodigestion processes. Here we demonstrate that strains isolated from the biodigestion process of dairy cattle waste exhibit noteworthy virulence mechanisms, surpassing the virulence of clinical control strains. After we identified strains from affluent, effluent, and biofertilizer, we observed that all analyzed isolates produced biofilm. Additionally, a substantial proportion of these isolates demonstrated phospholipase production, while only a few strains exhibited protease production. Furthermore, all strains exhibited resistance or dose-dependent responses to amphotericin B and itraconazole, with the majority displaying resistance to fluconazole. In the in vivo test, we observed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the LT50 and biofilm formation as well as hyphae/pseudohyphae production. Additionally, some isolates demonstrated a quicker nematode-killing capacity compared to clinical controls. Our findings underscore the considerable pathogenic potential of certain Candida species present in the dynamics of anaerobic biodigestion. Importantly, the anaerobic biodigester system did not eliminate Candida strains from dairy cattle waste, highlighting the need for caution in utilizing biodigester products. We advocate for further studies to explore the virulence of other microorganisms in various animal production contexts. Furthermore, our results emphasize the urgency of enhancing waste treatment methods to effectively eliminate pathogens and curb their potential dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Branda Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Microorganism Cell Biology, Microbiology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Henrique Otenio
- Laboratory of Livestock Waste Management, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil.
| | | | - João Carlos Maia Dornelas
- Laboratory of Mycology, Microbiology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Fonseca do Carmo
- Laboratory of Mycology, Microbiology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Oliveira Viana
- Laboratory of Microorganism Cell Biology, Microbiology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Santos Ricoy
- Laboratory of Microorganism Cell Biology, Microbiology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Viviane de Souza Alves
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Karakoyun AS, Spruijtenburg B, Unal N, Meijer EFJ, Sucu M, Hilmioğlu-Polat S, Meis JF, de Groot T, Ilkit M. Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida krusei bloodstream isolates from Türkiye. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae005. [PMID: 38289726 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida krusei also known as Pichia kudriavzevii is a potentially multidrug-resistant yeast because it is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole and develops acquired resistance to echinocandins and polyenes. Here, we aim to provide a better understanding of the epidemiology and transmission modes of C. krusei infections by comparing invasive bloodstream (n = 35) and non-invasive vaginal (n = 20) C. krusei isolates. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was assessed using a newly described short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and their sensitivity to eight antifungal compounds was evaluated by antifungal susceptibility testing using the CLSI microbroth dilution method. All C. krusei isolates revealed unique STR genotypes, indicating the absence of clonal transmission in the study group. Furthermore, no drug-resistant or non-wild-type isolates were identified. Our findings demonstrated high resolution of STR genotyping for the detection and simultaneous genetic analysis of multiple C. krusei strains in clinical samples and excellent in vitro activity of common antifungal agents against invasive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Sultan Karakoyun
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Bram Spruijtenburg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nevzat Unal
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
- University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Eelco F J Meijer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mete Sucu
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Süleyha Hilmioğlu-Polat
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
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Li Y, Huang Y, Kang M, Chen X, Liu L, Zhao H, Chen Z, Xiao M, Xu Y, Yi Q, Zhou M. Microsatellite markers for genotyping of Kodamaea ohmeri: Demonstrating outbreaks based on a multicenter surveillance study in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 117:105547. [PMID: 38159712 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Kodamaea ohmeri, an emerging human pathogen, caused both sporadic and nosocomial infections among immunocompromised people with high mortality. However, there is limited research on the molecular epidemiology of K. ohmeri. A total of fifty microsatellite loci were designed based on K. ohmeri type strain NRRL Y-1932 and three loci were finally selected for microsatellite analysis. Non-duplicated K. ohmeri isolates and strains of other species were collected across China as a part of CHIF-NET program for sensitivity and specificity verification. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using Sensititre YeastOne TM YO10. The three loci (P10, P11 and P26), with a cumulative discriminatory power of 0.98, exhibited a prospective specificity and reproducibility in the PCR of 92 K. ohmeri strains from different hospitals. A total of 54 microsatellite types (MT) were identified and most of them distributed sporadically. However, six strains of MT12 clustered in HZ hospital and were isolated in the same department within two months, indicating a potential outbreak. Of seven isolates exhibited MIC values of >8 mg/L for fluconazole, three isolates from LR hospital shared the same genotype of MT44. Herein, we established a set of microsatellite loci for K. ohmeri, as a rapid and specific tool for genotyping K. ohmeri, and identified several potential clusters. This study will help us better understand the molecular epidemiology of the emerging pathogen K. ohmeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China hospital Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongju Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaolian Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Menglan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Genetic Diversity of Human Fungal Pathogens. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-023-00188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Gómez-Gaviria M, Ramírez-Sotelo U, Mora-Montes HM. Non- albicans Candida Species: Immune Response, Evasion Mechanisms, and New Plant-Derived Alternative Therapies. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010011. [PMID: 36675832 PMCID: PMC9862154 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida species have become a constant threat to public health, especially for immunocompromised patients, who are considered susceptible to this type of opportunistic infections. Candida albicans is known as the most common etiological agent of candidiasis; however, other species, such as Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Nakaseomyces glabrata (previously known as Candida glabrata), Candida auris, Candida guilliermondii, and Pichia kudriavzevii (previously named as Candida krusei), have also gained great importance in recent years. The increasing frequency of the isolation of this non-albicans Candida species is associated with different factors, such as constant exposure to antifungal drugs, the use of catheters in hospitalized patients, cancer, age, and geographic distribution. The main concerns for the control of these pathogens include their ability to evade the mechanisms of action of different drugs, thus developing resistance to antifungal drugs, and it has also been shown that some of these species also manage to evade the host's immunity. These biological traits make candidiasis treatment a challenging task. In this review manuscript, a detailed update of the recent literature on the six most relevant non-albicans Candida species is provided, focusing on the immune response, evasion mechanisms, and new plant-derived compounds with antifungal properties.
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Bilal H, Shafiq M, Hou B, Islam R, Khan MN, Khan RU, Zeng Y. Distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species from mainland China: A systematic analysis. Virulence 2022; 13:1573-1589. [PMID: 36120738 PMCID: PMC9487756 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2123325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifungal resistance to Candida pathogens increases morbidity and mortality of immunosuppressive patients, an emerging crisis worldwide. Understanding the Candida prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern is necessary to control and treat candidiasis. We aimed to systematically analyse the susceptibility profiles of Candida species published in the last ten years (December 2011 to December 2021) from mainland China. The studies were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct search engines. Out of 89 included studies, a total of 44,716 Candida isolates were collected, mainly comprising C. albicans (49.36%), C. tropicalis (21.89%), C. parapsilosis (13.92%), and C. glabrata (11.37%). The lowest susceptibility was detected for azole group; fluconazole susceptibilities against C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. pelliculosa, and C. auris were 93.25%, 91.6%, 79.4%, 77.95%, 76%, 50%, and 0% respectively. Amphotericin B and anidulafungin were the most susceptible drugs for all Candida species. Resistance to azole was mainly linked with mutations in ERG11, ERG3, ERG4, MRR1-2, MSH-2, and PDR-1 genes. Mutation in FKS-1 and FKS-2 in C. auris and C. glabrata causing resistance to echinocandins was stated in two studies. Gaps in the studies' characteristics were detected, such as 79.77%, 47.19 %, 26.97%, 7.86%, and 4.49% studies did not mention the mortality rates, age, gender, breakpoint reference guidelines, and fungal identification method, respectively. The current study demonstrates the overall antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species, gaps in surveillance studies and risk-reduction strategies that could be supportive in candidiasis therapy and for the researchers in their future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bing Hou
- Department of laboratory, Shantou Municipal Skin Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Rehmat Islam
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Ullah Khan
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Yuebin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Fikri S, Lessard MH, Perreault V, Doyen A, Labrie S. Candida krusei is the major contaminant of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes used for cranberry juice production. Food Microbiol 2022; 109:104146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Development of a multiplex PCR short tandem repeat typing scheme for Candida krusei. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 60:e0203221. [PMID: 34788111 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02032-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida krusei is a human pathogenic yeast that can cause candidemia with the lowest 90-day survival rate in comparison to other Candida species. Infections occur frequently in immunocompromised patients and several C. krusei outbreaks in health care facilities have been described. Here, we developed a short tandem repeat (STR) typing scheme for C. krusei to allow for fast and cost-effective genotyping of an outbreak and compared identified relatedness of ten isolates to SNP calling from whole-genome sequencing (WGS). From a selection of 14 novel STR markers, six were used to develop two multiplex PCRs. Additionally, three previously reported markers were selected for a third multiplex PCR. In total, 119 C. krusei isolates were typed using these nine markers and 79 different genotypes were found. STR typing correlated well with WGS SNP typing, as isolates with the same STR genotype varied by 8 and 19 SNPs, while isolates that differed in all STR markers varied at least tens of thousands of SNPs. The STR typing assay was found to be specific for C. krusei, stable in 100 subcloned generations, and comparable to SNP calling by WGS. In summary, this newly developed C. krusei STR typing scheme is a fast, reliable, easy-to-interpret and cost-effective method compared to other typing methods. Moreover, the two newly developed multiplexes showed the same discriminatory power as all nine markers combined, indicating that multiplexes M3-1 and M9 are sufficient to type C. krusei.
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Pacholak P, Krajewska J, Wińska P, Dunikowska J, Gogowska U, Mierzejewska J, Durka K, Woźniak K, Laudy AE, Luliński S. Development of structurally extended benzosiloxaboroles - synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25104-25121. [PMID: 35478884 PMCID: PMC9037100 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04127d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of potassium 6-hydroxy-7-chloro-1,1-dimethyl-3,3-difluorobenzo-1,2,3-siloxaborolate 5b from readily available 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was developed. This compound proved useful in various derivatizations resulting in a wide range of O-functionalized benzosiloxaboroles. Reactions of 5b with selected substituted benzoyl chlorides gave rise to a series of respective derivatives with 6-benzoate side groups attached to the benzosiloxaborole core. Furthermore, treatment of 5b with substituted benzenesufonyl chlorides afforded several benzosiloxaboroles bearing functionalized benzenesulfonate moieties at the 6 position. The synthesis of related chloropyridine-2-yloxy substituted benzosiloxaboroles was accomplished by a standard approach involving silylation/boronation of appropriate heterodiaryl ethers. Investigation of biological activity of obtained compounds revealed that some benzoate and most benzenesulfonate derivatives exhibit high activity against Gram-positive cocci such as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 with the MIC values in the range of 0.39–3.12 mg L−1. Some benzenesulfonate derivatives showed also potent activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and E. faecium ATCC 6057 with MIC = 6.25 mg L−1. Importantly, for the most promising cocci-active benzenesulfonate derivatives the obtained MIC values were far below the cytotoxicity limit determined with respect to human normal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). For those derivatives, the obtained IC50 values were higher than 12.3 mg L−1. The results of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity indicate that the tested compounds can be considered as potential antibacterial agents. The synthesis of potassium 6-hydroxy-7-chloro-1,1-dimethyl-3,3-difluorobenzo-1,2,3-siloxaborolate 5b from readily available 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pacholak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland .,University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - J Krajewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw Oczki 3 02-007 Warsaw Poland
| | - P Wińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - J Dunikowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - U Gogowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - J Mierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - K Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - K Woźniak
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - A E Laudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw Oczki 3 02-007 Warsaw Poland
| | - S Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
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Andrade JT, Lima WG, Sousa JF, Saldanha AA, Nívea Pereira De Sá, Morais FB, Prates Silva MK, Ribeiro Viana GH, Johann S, Soares AC, Araújo LA, Antunes Fernandes SO, Cardoso VN, Siqueira Ferreira JM. Design, synthesis, and biodistribution studies of new analogues of marine alkaloids: Potent in vitro and in vivo fungicidal agents against Candida spp. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 210:113048. [PMID: 33316690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis, such as intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. IAC is still poorly understood, and its treatment represents a challenge for public health. In this study, we showed the in vitro anti-Candida activity of four alkaloid synthetic derivatives and their antifungal potential in a murine model of IAC. The biological effects of alkaloids were evaluated against Candida spp. through the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). For the alkaloids that showed antifungal activity, the fungicidal concentration, time-kill curve, synergism with azoles and polyenes, phenotypic effects, and the effect against virulence factors were also determined. The most active alkaloids were selected for in vivo assays. The compounds 6a and 6b were active against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis (MIC 7.8 μg/mL) and showed promising antifungal activity against C. krusei (MIC 3.9 μg/mL). The compound 6a presented a potent fungicidal effect in vitro, eliminating the yeast C. albicans after 8 h of incubation at MIC. An important in vitro synergistic effect with ketoconazole was observed for these two alkaloids. They also induced the lysis of fungal cells by binding to the ergosterol of the membrane. Besides that, 6a and 6b were able to reduce yeast-to-hyphal transition in C. albicans, as well as inhibit the biofilm formation of this pathogen. In the in vivo assay, the compound 6a did not show acute toxicity and was mainly absorbed by the liver, spleen, and lung after a parenteral administration. Also, this analogue significantly reduced the fungal load of C. albicans on the kidney and spleen of animals with IAC. Therefore, these results showed that the compound 6a is a potent anti-Candida agent in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Tauany Andrade
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - William Gustavo Lima
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline França Sousa
- Laboratório de Compostos Bioativos e Catalíticos, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Saldanha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nívea Pereira De Sá
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbara Morais
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mayra Karla Prates Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro Viana
- Laboratório de Compostos Bioativos e Catalíticos, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Johann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cristina Soares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Allan Araújo
- Serviço de Recursos Vegetais e Opoterápicos (SRVO), Diretoria de Pesquisa (DPD), Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Gómez-Gaviria M, Mora-Montes HM. Current Aspects in the Biology, Pathogeny, and Treatment of Candida krusei, a Neglected Fungal Pathogen. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1673-1689. [PMID: 32606818 PMCID: PMC7293913 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s247944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a constant and growing menace to human health, because of the emergence of new species as causative agents of diseases and the increment of antifungal drug resistance. Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans and is associated with a high mortality rate when the fungi infect deep-seated organs. Candida krusei belongs to the group of candidiasis etiological agents, and although it is not isolated as frequently as other Candida species, the infections caused by this organism are of special relevance in the clinical setting because of its intrinsic resistance to fluconazole. Here, we offer a thorough revision of the current literature dealing with this organism and the caused disease, focusing on its biological aspects, the host-fungus interaction, the diagnosis, and the infection treatment. Of particular relevance, we provide the most recent genomic information, including the gene prediction of some putative virulence factors, like proteases, adhesins, regulators of biofilm formation and dimorphism. Moreover, C. krusei veterinary aspects and the exploration of natural products with anti-C. krusei activity are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gómez-Gaviria
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México
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Wu Y, Wu M, Gao J, Ying C. Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of Miltefosine Against Clinical Isolates of Candida krusei. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:854. [PMID: 32508766 PMCID: PMC7248313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida krusei attracts attention from medical professionals mainly for its intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and the limited number of drugs available to treat C. krusei vulvovaginal candidiasis. Miltefosine was demonstrated to have good antifungal activity both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we determined the susceptibility profiles of 57 clinical C. krusei isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients and assessed the antifungal activity of miltefosine against C. krusei. All isolates were susceptible to voriconazole and itraconazole, whereas 1.8% of the isolates were of non-wild-type phenotype to amphotericin B. In contrast, miltefosine showed low MICs against all C. krusei isolates with fungicidal activity. The checkerboard assay showed that the synergistic effect of miltefosine in combination with amphotericin B was observed in 25% of the tested planktonic C. krusei isolates and 18.8% of the tested preformed biofilms, whereas miltefosine in combination with fluconazole showed indifferent interaction for all tested planktonic isolates. The presence of sorbitol in the broth microdilution assay did not influence the MIC values of miltefosine against C. krusei, but the presence of ergosterol increased the MIC values. Visible changes in cell content in cells treated with miltefosine were observed. We found that cells treated with miltefosine showed decreased cell viability and chromatin condensation under PI staining, which indicates that miltefosine may induce apoptosis-like cell death in C. krusei. In conclusion, we found miltefosine has a good activity against C. krusei isolates and exerts its fungicidal effect by binding to ergosterol in the cell membrane and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xie Y, Liu X, Zhou P. In vitro Antifungal Effects of Berberine Against Candida spp. In Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:87-101. [PMID: 32021094 PMCID: PMC6957002 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s230857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Antifungal resistance associated with the extensive use of antifungals and biofilm formation presents major clinical challenges. Thus, new therapeutic strategies for fungal infections are urgently required. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal effects of the natural bioactive alkaloid berberine against Candida spp. in planktonic and biofilm conditions. Methods Using the CLSI M27-A3 reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts, the MICs for five standard strains comprised of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231, ATCC 90028), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030), Candida dubliniensis (MYA 646), and six clinical isolates (CLC1–CLC6) were tested. The 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of berberine against Candida biofilms. The optical density value at 490 nm was measured and illustrated using concentration-absorbance curves. Finally, the effects were quantified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and 3-dimensional reconstruction was performed. The viability inhibition rates, biofilm formation, and thickness decrease rates were tested and analyzed using independent-samples t-test. The differences among the five Candida strains were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Results The MICs for the five standard strains described above were 80, 160, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL, respectively, which was similar to that of the clinical isolates, suggesting the stable, broad-spectrum antifungal activity of berberine. Berberine exerted concentration-dependent inhibitory effects against Candida biofilms, which were enhanced with the maturation of Candida biofilms. Berberine decreased the viability of Candida biofilms, with inhibition rates by CLSM ranging from 19.89 ± 0.57% to 96.93 ± 1.37%. Following 3-dimensional reconstruction, the biofilms of the berberine-treated group displayed a poorly developed architecture, and the biofilm thickness decrease rates ranged from 15.49 ± 8.45% to 30.30 ± 15.48%. Conclusion Berberine exhibited significant antifungal activity in Candida spp. The results provide a useful reference for multiple Candida infections and biofilm infections associated with antifungal resistance. Therefore, berberine might have novel therapeutic potential as an antifungal agent or a major active component of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xie
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiru Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Durka K, Laudy AE, Charzewski Ł, Urban M, Stępień K, Tyski S, Krzyśko KA, Luliński S. Antimicrobial and KPC/AmpC inhibitory activity of functionalized benzosiloxaboroles. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Navarro-Arias MJ, Hernández-Chávez MJ, García-Carnero LC, Amezcua-Hernández DG, Lozoya-Pérez NE, Estrada-Mata E, Martínez-Duncker I, Franco B, Mora-Montes HM. Differential recognition of Candida tropicalis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, and Candida auris by human innate immune cells. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:783-794. [PMID: 31040708 PMCID: PMC6459152 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s197531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The deep-seated infections caused by the Candida genus are associated with a high mortality rate, and Candida albicans is the most frequent species associated with these diseases. The fungal wall is composed of macromolecules not synthesized by the host, and therefore is a source of ligands recognized by innate immune cells. Methods We performed a comparative study analyzing the cell wall composition and organization of Candida tropicalis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, and Candida auris, along with their ability to stimulate cytokine production and phagocytosis by human innate immune cells. Results We found that the wall of these species had the basic components already described in C. albicans, with most of the chitin and b1,3-glucan located underneath the mannan layer. However, the walls of C. krusei and C. auris were rich in chitin and the former had a lower content of mannans. C. guilliermondii contained changes in the mannan and the b1,3-glucan levels. These species were differentially phagocytosed by human macrophages and stimulated cytokine production in a dectin-1-dependent pathway. C. krusei showed the most significant changes in the tested parameters, whereas C. auris behaved like C. albicans. Conclusion Our results suggest that the cell wall and innate immune recognition of C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, and Candida auris is different from that reported for C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Navarro-Arias
- Department of Biology, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, México,
| | - Marco J Hernández-Chávez
- Department of Biology, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, México,
| | - Laura C García-Carnero
- Department of Biology, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, México,
| | - Diana G Amezcua-Hernández
- Department of Biology, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, México,
| | - Nancy E Lozoya-Pérez
- Department of Biology, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, México,
| | - Eine Estrada-Mata
- Department of Biology, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, México,
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratory of Human Glycobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Department of Biology, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, México,
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Department of Biology, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, México,
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