1
|
Li P, Zhan L, Wang H, Yan Y, Jia M, Gao L, Sun Y, Zhu G, Chen Z. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Diversity of Salmonella Isolates in Jiaxing City, China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:443. [PMID: 38786171 PMCID: PMC11117378 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a cause of foodborne diarrheal diseases worldwide. Important emerging NTS serotypes that have spread as multidrug-resistant high-risk clones include S. Typhimurium monophasic variant and S. Kentucky. In this study, we isolated Salmonella in 5019 stool samples collected from patients with clinical diarrhea and 484 food samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing were performed on positive strains. The detection rates of Salmonella among patients with diarrhea and food samples were 4.0% (200/5019) and 3.1% (15/484), respectively. These 215 Salmonella isolates comprised five main serotypes, namely S. Typhimurium monophasic variant, S. Typhimurium, S. London, S. Enteritidis, and S. Rissen, and were mainly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The MDR rates of five major serotypes were 77.4%, 56.0%, 66.7%, 53.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. The most commonly acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes were blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-10, and blaCTX-M-65. The S. Typhimurium monophasic variant strains from Jiaxing City belonged to a unique clone with broad antibiotic resistance. S. Kentucky isolates showed the highest drug resistance, and all were MDR strains. The discovery of high antibiotic resistance rates in this common foodborne pathogen is a growing concern; therefore, ongoing surveillance is crucial to effectively monitor this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Li Zhan
- Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China;
| | - Henghui Wang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Yong Yan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Lei Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Yangming Sun
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; (P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pereira A, Sidjabat HE, Davis S, Vong da Silva PG, Alves A, Dos Santos C, Jong JBDC, da Conceição F, Felipe NDJ, Ximenes A, Nunes J, Fária IDR, Lopes I, Barnes TS, McKenzie J, Oakley T, Francis JR, Yan J, Ting S. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolates from Chickens in Live Bird Markets and Boot Swabs from Layer Farms in Timor-Leste. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:120. [PMID: 38391506 PMCID: PMC10885974 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, and high levels of resistance have been detected in chicken populations worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy chickens in Timor-Leste. Through a cross-sectional study, cloacal swabs and boot swabs were collected from 25 live bird markets and two layer farms respectively. E. coli and Salmonella spp. from these samples were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobials using a disk diffusion test, and a subset was tested for susceptibility to 27 antimicrobials using broth-based microdilution. E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates showed the highest resistance towards either tetracycline or ampicillin on the disk diffusion test. E. coli from layer farms (odds ratio:5.2; 95%CI 2.0-13.1) and broilers (odds ratio:18.1; 95%CI 5.3-61.2) were more likely to be multi-drug resistant than those from local chickens. Based on the broth-based microdilution test, resistance to antimicrobials in the Timor-Leste Antimicrobial Guidelines for humans were low, except for resistance to ciprofloxacin in Salmonella spp. (47.1%). Colistin resistance in E. coli was 6.6%. Although this study shows that antimicrobial resistance in chickens was generally low in Timor-Leste, there should be ongoing monitoring in commercial chickens as industry growth might be accompanied with increased antimicrobial use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abrao Pereira
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Hanna E Sidjabat
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Steven Davis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Paulo Gabriel Vong da Silva
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Amalia Alves
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Cristibela Dos Santos
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Joanita Bendita da Costa Jong
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Felisiano da Conceição
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Natalino de Jesus Felipe
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Augusta Ximenes
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Junilia Nunes
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Isménia do Rosário Fária
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | | | - Joanna McKenzie
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tessa Oakley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Joshua R Francis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Jennifer Yan
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Shawn Ting
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Jiang Y, Xu H, Jiao X, Wang J, Li Q. Poultry production as the main reservoir of ciprofloxacin- and tigecycline-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198.2-2 causing human infections in China. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0094423. [PMID: 37610223 PMCID: PMC10537671 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00944-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky (S. Kentucky) has been regarded as a common serotype causing human nontyphoidal salmonellosis, frequently associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Recently, multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Kentucky ST198 with strong resistance to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline has emerged and been frequently detected in both poultry and humans in Europe and Asia. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis divided 327 S. Kentucky ST198 isolates into two clades, of which ST198.2 is more prevalent than ST198.1 worldwide. We further compared the genomic characteristics of 70 ST198 isolates from animals and humans during 2019-2022 plus previously reported 38 isolates from 2013 to 2019 in China. One hundred five of the 108 isolates were ST198.2, which could be differentiated into two subclades. ST198.2-1 was prevalent in isolates during 2013-2019, while ST198.2-2 has increased to be the predominant subclade in isolates since 2019. CRISPR typing can differentiate the clade ST198.1 isolates from clade ST198.2 ones but cannot differentiate the two subclade isolates. The acquisition of a large multi-drug resistant region in ST198.2-2 enhanced bacterial resistance to β-lactam, aminoglycoside, amphenicol, and fosfomycin. In addition, compared with the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding gene blaCTX-M-14b in ST198.2-1, co-existence of blaCTX-M-55 and blaTEM-1B was detected in most of the ST198.2-2 isolates. The emergence of ciprofloxacin- and tigecycline-resistant ESBL-producing S. Kentucky ST198.2-2 strains highlight the necessity for Salmonella surveillance. It is imperative to implement more effective measures to prevent and control transmission of these strains from poultry to humans. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky (S. Kentucky) can cause human infections through consumption of contaminated food of animal origin, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ST198-S. Kentucky strains are of concern for human and animal health. Based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis, this study revealed that the clade ST198.2-2 S. Kentucky has increased to the predominant group in both chickens and humans in China since 2019, which is different to previous studies of the prevalent ST198.2-1 S. Kentucky before 2019. Acquirement of a multidrug resistance region (MRR) makes the ST198.2-2 S. Kentucky to be extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolate compared with ST198.2-1 S. Kentucky. Besides, the ST198.2-2 S. Kentucky was mainly detected in chickens (chicken meat, intestinal contents, and slaughterhouse) and humans, indicating chicken is the main reservoir for these XDR S. Kentucky isolates. Therefore, it is necessary to implement continuous Salmonella surveillance and effective measures, such as the development of phages and novel antibiotics/compounds, to prevent the transmission of XDR ST198.2-2 S. Kentucky from chickens to humans across China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rose TFA, Kannan P, Ruban SW, Srinivas K, Milton AAP, Ghatak S, Elango A, Rajalakshmi S, Sundaram S. Isolation, susceptibility profiles and genomic analysis of a colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain COL-R. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:140. [PMID: 37124985 PMCID: PMC10133420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky is a frequent cause for clinical infections in human patients. They are isolated and reported with multidrug resistance from the foods of animal origin from various countries. However, studies inferring the colistin resistance are limited. Hence, the current study reports the genetic factors and genomic analysis of the colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain COL-R for better understanding of its pathogenic potential and phylogenetic relatedness. The S. Kentucky strain COL-R was successfully isolated from chicken meat during ongoing surveillance of food of animal origin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to cefoxitin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and most disturbingly to ciprofloxacin and colistin (broth microdilution method). Whole-genome sequence of the COL-R strain was subjected to various in silico analysis to identify the virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, pathogenicity islands and sequence type. The S. Kentucky COL-R strain belonged to sequence type (ST) 198 with a high probability (0.943) of being a human pathogen. Besides presence of integrated phage in the S. Kentucky COL-R genome, 38 genes conferring resistance to various antimicrobials and disinfectants were also identified. Nucleotide Polymorphism analysis indicated triple mutations in gyrA and parC genes conferring fluoroquinolone resistance. Phylogenomic analysis with 31 other S. Kentucky genomes revealed discernible clusters with S. Kentucky COL-R strain latching onto a cluster of high diversity (geographic location and isolation sources). Taken together, our results document the first occurrence of colistin resistance in a fluoroquinolone resistant S. Kentucky COL-R strain isolated from retail chicken and provide crucial information on the genomic features of the strain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03559-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. F. Amal Rose
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - Porteen Kannan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - S. Wilfred Ruban
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024 India
| | - Kandhan Srinivas
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 India
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, 793103 India
| | | | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, 793103 India
| | - A. Elango
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Salem, 636112 India
| | - S. Rajalakshmi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - Sureshkannan Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang Y, Wang ZY, Li QC, Lu MJ, Wu H, Mei CY, Shen PC, Jiao X, Wang J. Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Isolates from Chicken Meat Products in Xuancheng, China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0321922. [PMID: 36847509 PMCID: PMC10100706 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03219-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky sequence type 198 (ST198) isolates from chicken meat products. Ten S. Kentucky strains obtained from chicken meat products in Xuancheng, China, carried 12 to 17 resistance genes, such as blaCTX-M-55, rmtB, tet(A), floR, and fosA3, combined with mutations within gyrA (S83F and D87N) and parC (S80I), resulting in resistance to numerous antimicrobial agents, including the clinically important antibiotics cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. These S. Kentucky isolates shared a close phylogenetic relationship (21 to 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) and showed close genetic relatedness to two human clinical isolates from China. Three S. Kentucky strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. All antimicrobial resistance genes were located on their chromosomes and clustered in one multiresistance region (MRR) and Salmonella genomic island (SGI) SGI1-K. The MRRs in three S. Kentucky strains were bounded by IS26 at both ends and were inserted downstream of the bcfABCDEFG cluster with 8-bp direct repeats. The MRRs were related to those of IncHI2 plasmids but differed by insertions, deletions, and rearrangements of multiple segments involving resistance genes and plasmid backbones. This finding suggests that the MRR fragment possibly originates from IncHI2 plasmids. Four SGI1-K variants with slight differences were identified in 10 S. Kentucky strains. Mobile elements, particularly IS26, play an essential role in forming distinct MRRs and SGI1-K structures. In conclusion, the emergence of extensively drug-resistant S. Kentucky ST198 strains containing numerous chromosomally located resistance genes is alarming and needs continued surveillance. IMPORTANCE Salmonella spp. are important foodborne pathogens, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains have become a serious threat to clinical therapy. MDR S. Kentucky ST198 strains have been increasingly reported from various sources and have become a global risk. In this study, we described extensively drug-resistant S. Kentucky ST198 strains from chicken meat products from a city in China. Numerous resistance genes are clustered in the chromosomes of S. Kentucky ST198 strains, possibly acquired with the help of mobile elements. This would facilitate the spread of numerous resistance genes as intrinsic chromosomal genes within this global epidemic clone, with the potential to capture more resistance genes. The emergence and dissemination of extensively drug-resistant S. Kentucky ST198 pose a severe clinical and public health threat; therefore, continuous surveillance is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Chun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Han Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yue Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biggel M, Horlbog J, Nüesch-Inderbinen M, Chattaway MA, Stephan R. Epidemiological links and antimicrobial resistance of clinical Salmonella enterica ST198 isolates: a nationwide microbial population genomic study in Switzerland. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000877. [PMID: 36301086 PMCID: PMC9676052 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks and systemic infections worldwide. Emerging multi-drug resistant Salmonella lineages such as a ciprofloxacin-resistant subclade (CIPR) within Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 threaten the effective prevention and treatment of infections. To understand the genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance gene content associated with S. Kentucky in Switzerland, we whole-genome sequenced 70 human clinical isolates obtained between 2010 and 2020. Most isolates belonged to ST198-CIPR. High- and low-level ciprofloxacin resistance among CIPR isolates was associated with variable mutations in ramR and acrB in combination with stable mutations in quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs). Analysis of isolates from patients with prolonged ST198 colonization indicated subclonal adaptions with the ramR locus as a mutational hotspot. SNP analyses identified multiple clusters of near-identical isolates, which were often associated with travel but included spatiotemporally linked isolates from Switzerland. The largest SNP cluster was associated with travellers returning from Indonesia, and investigation of global data linked >60 additional ST198 salmonellosis isolates to this cluster. Our results emphasize the urgent need for implementing whole-genome sequencing as a routine tool for Salmonella surveillance and outbreak detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biggel
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jule Horlbog
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- National Reference Center for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria (NENT), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|